politics and society in latin america

8/12/2019 Politics and Society in Latin America

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1. Country President Independence date (the presidents is a separate question bellow)

Argentina Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner Buenos Aires (1816)Bolivia Evo Morales La az!"ucre (18#$)Brazil %il&a 'ousse Brasilia (18#$)Chile "eastian inera * "antiago (181+)

Colo&ia ,uan Manuel "antos Bogota (18-+)Costa 'ica Laura Chinchilla * "an ,oseCua 'aul Castro .avana (1/+#)%o&inican 'e0ulic Leonel Fernandez "anto %o&ingo (18)Ecuador 'aael Correa 2uitoEl "alvador Mauricio Funes "an "alvador (18-/)3uate&ala 4lvaro Colo& Caallero Ciudad de 3uate&ala (18#1).aiti Michel Martell5 ort*au*rince (18+).onduras oririo Loo "osa egucigal0aMe7ico Feli0e Calderon Ciudad de Me7icoicaragua %aniel 9rtega Managuaana&a 'icardo Martinelli Ciudad de ana&a (1/+-)aragua5 Fernando Lugo Asunci:neru Alan 3arcia Li&a (18#1);rugua5 ,ose Mu 1/?6*1/8-Brazil> 1/6*1/8$Chile> 1/?-*1//+Bolivia> 1/6*1/8#

;rugua5> 1/?-*1/8$

4. ho is !lberto "u#i$ori%

Alerto Fu


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,. Ciil ars between the ,-s and the /-s

he 0eriod ro& the late ?+s to end o the 8+s can e reerred as the Central A&erican Crisis@hen &a e@"0ain and eru included all the territories "outh o ana&a he governing @as assured 5 theCouncil o Hndies (&ost i&0ortant ad&inistrative organ o the "0anish E&0ire @hich co&ined allthree unctions legislative e7ecutive and Argentina Chile ;rugua5 aragua5 Bolivia and Brazil (Ecuador eru)


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ersons @ere targeted and classiied on the asis o their 0olitical ideas (dissidents letistsunion and 0easant leaders intellectuals)

he end o the Condor> a Chilean di0lo&at @as illed in ashington And in 1//# the secretiles o the o0eration @ere discovered 5 &istae Ht is esti&ated that a &ini&u& o 6++++ deaths cane attriuted to Condor

13. 7rian+le o* 8iolence 9 guerilla &ove&ents drug traic and 0ara&ilitar5 o0erations

Fro& the ashes o La =iolencia e&erged the &ain guerilla grou0s that are active even toda5he5 e7hiited a ne@ vitalit5 as the5 egun to e7tract oil ta7es or& the oil industr5 ro& @ealth5lando@ners and industrialists that @ere idna00ed even ro& drug traicers

Hn reaction the traicers and lando@ners egun to develo0 their o@n 0ara&ilitar5organization all5ing the&selves @ith the Colo&ian ar&5 'egions controlled 5 the FA'C eco&e0ri&e areas o coca cultivation 3uerillas &ade de&ands on lando@ners and traicers hetraicers started their o@n death sGuad MA" that evolved into so&e o toda5s &ost rutal0ara&ilitar5 grou0s

14. 7ruth Co$$issions

he truth and reconciliation co&&issions @ere orn in order to estalish the truth in the&atters o 0olitical o00ression done 5 the govern&ent ecause 0art o societ5 ignored the auses&an5 o the& even coo0erated @ith the regi&e heir ?+++ victi&s "econdar5 sources>#++++ on*oicial sources> &ore than ?++++

1&. :uerilla types (rural and urban)

he uran guerillas @ere &ove&ents that acted in the su00ort o the 0our idna00ingi&0ortant 0ersons so that the ranso& &one5 could e given to the need5 .istoricall5 it @as a rural0heno&enon ut onl5 until 1/6+ @hen its li&itations @ere clearl5 de&onstrated

E7a&0les> the u0a&aros (;rugua5) the ational Lieration Action (LA) (Brazil)Montoneros (Argentina)

1/. 7he di**erence between ;!' and


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luid &ove&ent o goods 0eo0le and currenc5 H @e go urther the co&0arison o Mercosur and;nasur can have so&e si&ilarities @ith the one et@een the Euro0ean Econo&ic Co&&unit5 and theEuro0ean ;nion

6-. 7wo ations

MERCOSR (0resented at Guestion 1/)!"AA(Free rade Area o the A&ericas) * @as a 0ro0osed agree&ent to eli&inate or reduce

the trade arriers a&ong all countries in the A&ericas#A!"A* he Latin A&erican Free rade Association @as created in the 1/6+ reat5 o

Montevideo 5 Argentina Brazil Chile Me7ico aragua5 eru and ;rugua5 Ht lasted until 1/8+@hen it @as reorganized inA#A$% (Latin A&erican Hntegration Association)

61. 'troessner e+i$e

Alredo "troessner @as a aragua5an &ilitar5 oicer and a dictator et@een 1/$ and 1/8/Ater taing oice he declared a state o siege and sus0ended constitutional reedo&s .e @as a stronganti*co&&unist also riend @ith the ;"A .is regi&e @as ver5 corru0t Another 0articular as0ect o

the "troessner regi&e @as the tri0artite rule> chie o the state o the 0olitical 0art5 and o the ar&edorces

66. 'o$o>a dynasty

Anastasio "o&oza (1/-?*1/$6) @as the dictator o icaragua or 1/ 5ears> strong ar& his0o@er derived ro& three &ain sources> the o@nershi0 or control o large 0ortions o the icaraguanecono&5 the &ilitar5 su00ort o the ational 3uard and his acce0tance o su00ort ro& the ;"AFa&il5 &e&ers @ere given e5 0ositions @ithin the govern&ent and the &ilitar5 Anastasio "o&ozasho@ed no restraint in using 0ulic oice or 0ersonal enrich&ent %uring the 1/?# earthGuae"o&oza used his control o the govern&ent to channel international relie unds to their o@n 0ocetsand so e70ression o 0o0ular discontent egan to surace .e @as $ 5ears old @hen he @as lo@n to

0ieces in Asuncion 5 a co&&unist hit ater his 0residenc5 ended in a distrous deeat 5 the"andinistas Mar7ist insurgenc5 in 1/?/

63. 7he 1--- days war

18// 1/+#

64. Punto "i#o

as a or&al arrange&ent arrived at et@een the re0resentatives o =enezuelas - &ain0olitical 0arties> A% (Accion %e&ocratica) C9EH and ;nion 'e0ulicana %e&ocratica or theacce0tance o the 1/$8 0residential elections and the 0reservation o the rising de&ocratic regi&e

6&. ;ational 'ecurity Doctrine

he @a5 in @hich the ;"A hel0ed the &ilitar5 intervention inancial aid @hich inluencedstate terroris& in the "outhern Cone (Argentina Chile ;rugua5 aragua5)

6. 'chool o* the !$ercias

Hs a &ilitar5 training institution ocused on training oicers ro& LA countries (1/6) Man5o the graduates have een i&0licated in hu&an rights auses and &anuals used at the school a00ear tocondone to 0ro&ote the use o torture

6,. !rts and Politics (=r so$ethin+ lie that)

Me7ican &uralis& is a Me7ican art &ove&ent that too 0lace 0ri&aril5 in the 1/-+s Eventhough Me7ican &uralis& is considered an artistic &ove&ent it can also e considered a social and


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0olitical &ove&ent his st5le @as thought o as a teaching &ethod and it @as e70ressed in 0ulic0laces @here all 0eo0le could have access to it regardless o race and social class he &ove&entstands out historicall5 ecause o its 0olitical undertones the &a the head othe state is also the head o the govern&ent 0o0ular elections and the 0resident is elected or a stale&andate (our or si7 5ears) But there are a set o rules 0eculiar or Latin A&erica> t@o successive&andates are not allo@ed the asence o institutionalization &aes it diicult or a 0arlia&entar5regi&e to e ado0ted

3&. 7arile !$ericii Centrale ce au purtat ra>boaie intre 10,-910/-.

El "alvador .onduras 3uate&ala icaragua

-6. Interentii $ilitare in !$erica 5atina(ca>ul !$erica centrala si Caraibe)


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9cu0atia &ilitara ";A in>

icaragua> 1/1#*1/#$ 1/#6*1/--

.aiti> 1/1$*1/-

'e0 %o&inicana> 1/16*1/#

Cua> 1/1?*1/##

Hnterventii &ilitare in>

Cua> 1/8/

Me7ic> 1/6*1/68

3,. 7he di**erence between a Caudillo and a Dictator

he Caudillo is a &ilitar5 leader @hich a00eared in the Civil ars ater the Hnde0endenceBeing a charis&atic igure he easil5 creates a cult o 0ersonalit5 .e usuall5 co&es ro& ig @ealth5a&ilies =iolence is an i&0ortant actor in his agenda ;suall5 he is a regional leader ut so&eauthors elieve that this character e7isted even in the colonial era (the &ilitar5 leaders) o o00ositionis 0er&itted E7a&0les> "i&on Bolivar in =enezuela 'aael ru

politics and society in latin america

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