polity capsule

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SSC POLITY CAPSULE

MAKING OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

1. The constituent assembly was formed on the

recommendation of the Cabinet Missionwhich visited India in 1946.

2. The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New

Delhi on 9 December, 1946 in the Constitution Hall

which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament

House. 3. Mr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected provisional

chairman of the assembly.

4. Dr Rajendra Prasad later became the permanent chairman of the constituent assembly.

5. On 13 December, 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved

the Objectives Resolution which resolved to proclaim

India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and to draw up for her future governance a Constitution.

6. The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two

years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution

for Independent India. 7. The Constituent Assembly held eleven sessions

covering a total of 165 days. 8. India is governed in terms of the Constitution, which

was adopted on 26 November, 1949, which was the last

day of the Eleventh session of the Constituent

Assembly.

9. This date finds mention in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution thus IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY

ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

10. The honourable members appended their signatures to

the constitution on 24 January, 1950.

11. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January, 1950. On that day, the Constituent Assembly ceased to

exist, transforming itself into the Provisional

Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in 1952.

THE PREAMBLE

The Indian Constitution starts with the preamble which

outlines the main objectives of the Constitution. It reads:

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to

constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure all its citizens."

JUSTICE, social economic and political.

LIBERTY, of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.

EQUALITY, of status and of opportunity, and to promote

among them all. FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and

unity and integrity of the nation.

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, this twenty sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, "ENACT AND GIVE

TO OURSELVES HIS CONSTITUTION ".

Idea of preamble borrowed from Constitution of US.

The words ‘SOCIALIST’, ‘SECULAR’ and ‘UNITY’ & ‘INTEGRITY’ were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

Preamble is not justifiable.

BORROWED FEATURES OF CONSTITUTION

From Government of India Act, 1935

• Federal system

• Office of Governor

• Emergency powers

From U.K.

• Nominal Head – President (like Queen)

• Cabinet System of Ministers

• Post of PM

• Parliamentary Type of Govt.

• Bicameral Parliament

• Lower House more powerful

• Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House

• Speaker in Lok Sabha

From U.S.

• Written Constitution


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• Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed

Forces

• Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya

Sabha

• Fundamental Rights

• Supreme Court

• Provision of States

• Independence of Judiciary and judicial review

• Preamble

• Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges

From USSR

• Fundamental Duties

• Five year Plan

From AUSTRALIA

• Concurrent list

• Language of the preamble

• Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse

From JAPAN

• Law on which the Supreme Court function

From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY

• Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency

From CANADA

• Scheme of federation with a strong centre

• Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the

centre

From IRELAND

• Concept of Directive Principles of States

Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN)

• Method of election of President

• Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the

President

PARTS DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTITUTION

Part

Subject Articles

Part I The Union and its

territory

Art. 1 to 4

Part II Citizenship Art. 5 to 11

Part III Fundamental Rights Art. 12 to 35 Part IV Directive Principles Art. 36 to 51

Part IVA Fundamental Duties Art. 51A

Part V The Union Art. 52 to 151 Part VI The States Art. 152 to 237

Part VII Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act,

1956

Part VIII The Union Territories

Art. 239 to 242

Part IX The Panchayats Art. 243 to 243O

Part IXA The Muncipalities Art. 243P to

243ZG

Part IXB The Co-operative Societies

Art. 243ZH to 243ZT

Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Art. 244 to 244A

Part XI Relations between

the Union and the

States

Art. 245 to 263

Part XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Art. 264 to 300A

Part XIII Trade, Commerce

and Intercourse within the Territory

of India

Art. 301 to 307

Part XIV Services under the

Union and the States

Art. 308 to 323

Part XIVA Tribunals Art. 323A to 323B

Part XV Elections Art. 324 to 329A

Part XVI Special provisions

relating to certain

classes

Art. 330 to 342

Part XVII Official Language Art. 343 to 351

Part XVIII Emergency

Provisions

Art. 352 to 360

Part XIX Miscellaneous Art. 361 to 367

Part XX Amendment of the Constitution

Art. 368

Part XXI Temporary, Transitional and

Special Provisions

Art. 369 to 392

Part XXII Short title,

commencement,

authoritative text in Hindi and repeals

Art. 393 to 395

IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Article Importance

Article 12-35 Specify the Fundamental Rights available

Article 36-50 Specify the Directive Principles of state

policy

Article 51A Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen

Article 80 Specifies the number of seats for the

Rajya Sabha Article 81 Specifies the number of seats for the

Lok Sabha Article 343 Hindi as official language

Article 356 Imposition of President’s Rule in states

Article 368 Amendment to the Constitution


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Article 370 Special status to Kashmir

Article 395 Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935

BRIEF ON THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Right to Equality

• Article 14:- Equality before law and equal protection of law

• Article 15:- Prohibition of

discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of

birth.

• Article 16:- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

• Article 17:- End of untouchability

• Article 18:- Abolition of titles,

Military and academic distinctions are, however, exempted

Right to Freedom

• Article 19:- It guarantees the citizens of India the following six

fundamentals freedoms:-

1. Freedom of Speech and Expression

2. Freedom of Assembly 3. Freedom of form Associations

4. Freedom of Movement 5. Freedom of Residence and

Settlement

6. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness

• Article 20:- Protection in respect of

conviction for offences

• Article 21:- Protection of life and personal liberty

• Article 22:- Protection against

arrest and detention in certain cases

Right Against

Exploitation

• Article 23:- Traffic in human beings

prohibited

• Article 24:- No child below the age of 14 can be employed

Right to freedom

of Religion

• Article 25:- Freedom of conscience

and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

• Article 26:- Freedom to manage religious affairs

• Article 27:- Prohibits taxes on religious grounds

• Article 28:- Freedom as to

attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions

Cultural and Educational

Rights

• Article 29:- Protection of interests

of minorities

• Article 30:- Right of minorities to

establish and administer

educational institutions

• Article 31:- Omitted by the 44th Amendment Act

Right to

Constitutional Remedies

• Article 32:- The right to move the

Supreme Court in case of their

violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar)

• Forms of Writ check

• Habeas Corpus :- Equality before law and equal protection of law

IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Amendme

nt

Year Importance

7 1956 Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis and abolition

of Class A, B, C and D states and introduction of Union

Territories.

9 1960 Adjustments to Indian territory as a result of

agreement with Paksitan.

10 1961 Dadra, Nagar and Haveli

included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition

from Portugal.

12 1961 Goa, Daman and Diu included in Indian Union as a Union

Territory on acquisition from

Portugal.

13 1963 The state of Nagaland formed

with special protection under Article 371A.

14 1962 Pondicherry incorporated into Indian Union after transfer by

France.

21 1967 Sindhi added as language in

the 8th schedule.

26 1971 Privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states

abolished.


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36 1975 Sikim included as an Indian

state. 42 1976 Fundamental Duties

prescribed, India became

Socialist Secular Republic.

44 1978 Right to Property deleted from

the list of fundamental rights. 52 1985 Defection to another party

after election made illegal. 61 1989 Voting age reduced from 21 to

18.

71 1992 Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali

added as languages in the

Eighth Schedule. 73 1993 Introduction of Panchayati

Raj, addition of Part IX to the

Constitution. 74 1993 Introduction of Nagarpalikas

and Municipalities.

86 2002 Free and compulsory

education to children between 6 and 14 years.

92 2003 Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and

Maithli added to the list of recognised languages. Service

Tax introduced. 8, 23, 45,

62, 79

and 95

1960,

1970,

1980, 1989,

2000 and

2010

Extension of reservation of

seats for SC/ST and

nomination of Anglo-Indian members in Parliament and

State Assemblies.

96 2011 Substituted Odia for Oriya in the Eighth Schedule to the

Constitution

The 42nd amendment was the most comprehensive amendment which had 59 clauses and carried out so

many changes that it has been described as a “Mini

Constitution”.

The 52nd amendment was the only amendment to be

unanimously adopted by the Parliament.

UNION (ARTICLE 51-151)

THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

President of India is the head of the Union Executive. A

Council of Ministers headed by Prime Minister aids and

advises the President in the excersie of his function. President of India is also Supreme Commander of the

Defence Forces.

Office of President of India ==>

Rashtrapati Bhavan Qualification

• Must be a citizen of India

• Completed 35 years of age

• Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha

• Must not hold any government post. Exceptions are:

1. President and Vice-President

2. Governor of any state 3. Minister of Union State

Election

• Indirectly elected through ‘Electoral College’

consisting of Elected members of both the Houses

of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative

Assemblies of the States. (No nominated members)

• Security deposit of Rs 15,000/-

• Supreme court inquires all disputes regarding

President’s Election.

• Takes OATH in presence of Chief Justice of India, or

in his absence, senior-most Judge of Supreme Court

Terms and Emoluments

• 5 year term

• Article 57 says that there is no upper limit on the

number of times a person can become President

• Can give resignation to Vice-President before full-term

• Present Salary- Rs. 1,50,000/month (including allowances & emoluments)

Impeachment

• Quasi-judicial procedure

• Can be impeached only on the ground of violation of constitution

• The impeachment procedure can be initiated in

either House of the Parliament

Vacancy

• In case of office falls vacant due to death,

resignation or removal, the Vice-President act as President. It he is not available then Chief Justice, it

not then senior-most Judge of the Supreme court

shall act as the President of India

• The election is to be held within 6 months of the vacancy

Powers

• Appoints PM, Ministers, Chief Justice & judge of Supreme Court & High Court, Chairman & members

of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney

General, Chief Election Commissioner and other

members of Election Commission of India,

Governors, Members of Finance Commission, Ambassadors, etc

• Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha


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• Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5 years) that recommends distribution of taxes between

Union & State governments

• The President can promulgate 3 types of

Emergencies:- 1. National Emergency (Article 352)

2. State Emergency (President’s Rule) (Article 356) 3. Financial Emergency (Article 360)

• He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India

• President appoints Chief of Army, Navy and Air

force

• Declares wars & concludes peace subject to the

approval of the Parliament

• No money bill or demand for grant can be

introduced or moved in Parliament unless it has

been recommended by the President

• He has the power to grant pardon, reprieve or remit of punishment or commute death sentences

VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

Following is the information about Vice President of India Election

• Elected by both the houses (Electoral College) in accordance with the system of proportional

representation by means of single transferable vote

and the vote being secret. Nominated members also

participate in his election

• The Supreme court has the final and exclusive

jurisdiction for resolving disputes and doubts

relating to the election of the Vice President of

India

Criteria

• Citizen of India

• More that 35 years of Age

• Posses the qualification of membership of Rajya Sabha

• Not hold any office of profit under union, state of local authority. However, for this purpose, the President, Vice-President, Governor of a State and a

Minister of the Union or a State, are not held to be

holding an office of profit

Other Points

• Holds office for 5 years. Can be re-elected

• Term can be cut short if he resigns or by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by a majority

of all the then members of the Rajya Sabha and

agreed to by the Lok Sabha

• He is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. Since he is not a member of Rajya Sabha, he has no right

to vote

• Being the Vice-President of India, he is not entitled

for any salary, but he is entitled to the salary and allowances payable to the Chairman of the Rajya

Sabha

• All bills, resolution, motion can be taken in Rajya

Sabha after his consent

• Can discharge the function of the President, the Vice-President shall not perform the duties of the

office of the Chairman of Rajya Sabha and shall not be entitled to receive the salary of the Chairman.

During this period, he is entitled for the salary and

privileges of the President of India

• Present salary is Rs. 1,25,000/month

Prime Minister of India Powers of Prime Minister of India:-

• Real excutive authority

• He is the ex-officio Chairman of the Planning Commission, National Development Council,

National Integration Council and Inter state Council

• The President convenes and prorogues all sessions

of Parliament in Consultation with him

• Can recommend the dissolution of Lok Sabha before expiry

• Appoints the council of ministers

• Allocates portfolios. Can ask a minister to resign & can get him dismissed by President

• Can recommend to the President to declare

emergency on grounds of war, external aggression

or armed rebellion

• Advises President about President’s Rule in the

State or emergency due to financial instability

• Leader of the House

Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Parliament consists of the President and the two

Houses, namely, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and

the House of the People (Lok Sabha).

The Lok Sabha: Its maximum strength is 545 (Not more than 525 from the States to be elected directly. A

candidate for membership of the Lok Sabha must be a

citizen of India and not less than 30 years of age. The

normal term of the House is five years. The House can,

however, be dissolved earlier by the President.

The said period may, while a Proclamation of

Emergency is in operation, be extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time and


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not extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to operate.

Members of the House elect the Speaker and the

Deputy Speaker from among themselves. The Speaker

acts as the presiding officer of the House and, in his

absence, the Deputy Speaker acts for him.

The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body not subject to

dissolution, elected indirectly, and its total strength cannot exceed 250. Twelve members, who have

distinguished themselves in literature, arts, science or

social service, are nominated by the President.

The remaining seats are distributed among the States

and Union Territories. The representatives of the States

are elected by the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States concerned by the method of

single transferable vote. The representatives of Union Territories are to be chosen in such a manner as

Parliament may by law prescribe.

A candidate for membership of the Rajya Sabha must be

a citizen of India and he should not be less than 25 years of age. One-third of the members must retire once

in two years, and their places are filled by fresh election. The Vice-President of India is the ex- officio

Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Relations between the Two Houses of Parliament. If a

non-money bill is passed by one House, and the other

House rejects it or the two Houses do not agree to the

amendments, the President may summon a joint

meeting of both Houses to resolve the deadlock. The

decision of the majority prevails. As for money bills,

every such bill must be introduced in the Lok Sabha. It cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. Any such

bill cannot be rejected by the Rajya Sabha though it

may delay it for 14 days at the most. The Cabinet, which

is the real working executive, is responsible to the Lok

Sabha only.

Supreme Court

1. The Supreme Court is a federal court. Its only seat is located at Delhi. Its bench can be established at

other places also but so far it has not been established.

2. The Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President.

3. A person shall have the following qualification to

become eligible for the appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court, if:

(a) He has been a Judge of a High Court for not less than five years in succession; or

(b) He has been an advocate of a High Court for

not less than 10 years in succession; or

(c) He is a distinguished Jurist in the opinion of

the President. 4. The Judges of the Supreme Court retires from their

office after attaining the age of 65 years.

5. The President can remove the Chief Justice and the other judges on the basis of impeachment motion

passed in the Parliament.

6. The salary of the Chief Justice is Rs. 33, 000 and

that of the other judges is Rs. 30, 000 per month. 7. The judges of the Supreme Court after their

retirement and during their term of office are not

eligible to plead before any court/authority within the territory of India.

8. The Judges of the Supreme Court cannot be transferred nor can they be demoted in office.

9. The Supreme Court is not bound to abide by the

decisions of the High Courts. 10. The salary and the allowances of the Judges of the

Supreme Court are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.

11. The cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution are decided only by the Supreme

Court.

12. The Supreme Court is the Apex Court in India and functions from New Delhi. It consists of a Chief

Justice and 25 other judges. The Chief Justice and

other judges are appointed by the President.

However, in the selection of other judges of the

Supreme Court, the President does consult the

Chief Justice. Judges of the Supreme Court can hold

office up to the age of 65 years.

High Court

1. There is a provision for a High Court in each State

and each Union Territory but two or more States or

two or more Union Territories or States and Union Territories, together, may establish a common High

Court. 2. The Judges of the High Court are also appointed by

the President. 3. A person shall not be eligible to become a Judge of a

High Court unless such a person-

(a) has been a judicial officer for not less than years within the territory of India; or

(b) has been an advocate for not less than 10 years in a High Court in India.

4. The Judges of the High Courts retire from their

office after attaining the age of 62 years.

5. The judges and the Chief Justice of the High Courts

are removed from the office by the President in the same manner as adopted in the case of the Supreme

Court.


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6. The salary of the Chief Justice is Rs. 30, 000 and that of other judges is Rs. 26, 000 per month.

7. The judges of the High Courts cannot plead before

any Court during the term of their office.

After retirement, they cannot plead before any

Court below the High Court. That means they can plead only before other High Courts and the

Supreme Court.

8. The judges of the High Courts can be transferred from one High Court to the other High Court and

may be promoted as the Judges of the Supreme

Court.

9. The High Courts are bound to abide by the decisions of the Supreme Court.

10. The salary and other allowances of the Judges of

the High Courts are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the States.

11. The cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution are not decided by the High Courts.

BASIC DEFINITIONS

Definition Term

The draft of a legislative proposal Bill

Bill passed by both the Houses of Parliament and assented to by the

President

Act

A member of the House of the People

(Lok Sabha)

Member

A member other than a Minister Private Member

Definition Term

Annual Financial statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure

of the Government of India for a

financial year

Budget

The estimate of expenditure in

respect of a Ministry/Department

not charged upon the Consolidated

Fund of India, placed for approval

before the House on the recommendations of the President

Demand for Grant

A Bill ordinarily introduced each year to give effect to the financial

proposals of the Government for the

following financial year

Finance Bill

A bill containing only provisions

dealing with all or any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of

Clause (1) of Articel 110 of the Constitution. (Such a bill cannot be

introduced without the recommendation of the President

and it also cannot be introduced in

the Rajya Sabha

Money Bill

A Bill passed annually (or at various

times of the year) providing for the withdrawal or appropriation from

and out of the Consolidated Fund of

India of moneys by Lok Sabha and

moneys charged on the Consolidated

Fund for the services of a financial year or a part thereof.

Appropriation

Bill

A motion for reduction of a demand for grant by or to a specified amount

Cut motion

Cut motion can be of three types - Disapproval of policy cut,

Economy cut and Token cut

A grant made by Lok Sabha in

advance in respect of the estimated

expenditure of the Government of

India for a part of a financial year

pending the voting of Demands for Grants for the financial year. A

Motion for Vote on Account is dealt with in the same way as if it were a

demand for grant.

Vote on Account

Definition Term

Termination of a sitting of a House without any definite date being fixed

for the next sitting

Adjournmentsine

die

The termination of a session of the House by an order made by the

President under article 85(2) (a) of the Constitution.

Prorogation

The first hour of a sitting of the House normally allotted for asking

and answering of questions

Question Hour

The minimum number of members required to be present at a sitting of

the House or the Committee for

valid transaction of its business. The

quorum to constitute a sitting of the

House is one-tenth of the total

number of members of the House

and in respect of a Committee it is one-third of the total number of

members of the Committee

Quorum

A self-contained independent

proposal submitted for the approval

of the House and drafted in such a way as to be capable of expressing a

decision of the House.

Resolution

The vote cast by the Speaker or the

Chairman in the case of an equality of votes on a matter

Casting vote

Deletion of words, phrases of

expression for the proceedings or records of the House (for being

Expunction


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defamatory or indecent or

unparliamentary or undignified)

Definition Term

A question relating to a matter of

public importance of an urgent character asked with notice shorter

than ten clear days

Short Notice

Question

Planning Commission 1. The chairman of the Planning commission is Prime

Minister of India 2. Planning commission is an economic advisory body

set up by a resolution of union cabinet in 1950. It is not mentioned in Constitution.

3. Its main function is to prepare the five-year Plan for

economic and social development

Finance Commission

1. Finance Commission was set up in 1951.

2. Its present chairman is Y. V. Reddy. 3. Its main function is to advice President on the

financial issues.

National Development Council

1. NDC was formed in 1952

2. Its members includes chief ministers, cabinet

ministers, all members of planning commission. 3. Its chairman is Prime Minister.

4. Its main function is to review working of national

plan.

Election Commission 1. Sukumar Sen was an Indian civil servant who was

the first Chief Election Commissioner of India 2. Election Commission is a constitutional body.

3. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed

from his office by Parliament with two-thirds

majority in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the

grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity. Other Election Commissioners can be removed by

the President on the recommendation of the Chief

Election Commissioner. 4. The current CEC is V. S. Sampath.

Attorney-General

The Attorney-General for India is appointed by the President and hold office during the pleasure of the

President. He must be a person qualified to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court. The

duty of Attorney General to give advice to the

Government of India upon such legal matters and to

perform such other duties of a legal character, as

may be referred or assigned to him by the President, and to discharge the functions conferred

on him by or under the Constitution or any other

law. He also has right to take part in the proceeding

of Parliament.

Comptroller and Auditor General

Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President. Procedure and grounds for his

removal from office are the same as for a Supreme

Court Judge. He is not eligible for further office under the Union or a State Government after he

ceases to hold his office. His main work to submit the reports on accounts of the Union and States to

the President and respective governors which are placed before Parliament and state legislatures.

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

The chairman and other members of the Union

Public Service Commission are appointed by the President of India and they hold office for a term of

6 years from the date of appointment or until they

attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. The main function of the commission is to conduct

examination and hold interviews for making

appointments to the various services of the Union

IMPORTANT WRITS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Type of

Writ

Meaning

of the word

Purpose of issue

Habeas

Corpus

You may

have the

body

To release a person who has

been detained unlawfully

whether in prison or in

private custody.

Mandamus We Command

To secure the performance of public duties by lower

court, tribunal or public

authority.

Certiorari To be

certified

To quash the order already

passed by an inferior court,


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tribunal or quasi judicial

authority.

Prohibition - To prohibit an inferior court from continuing the

proceedings in a particular

case where it has no

jurisdiction to try.

Quo

Warranto

What is

your authority?

To restrain a person from

holding a public office which he is not entitled.

IMPORTANT SCHEDULES IN THE CONSTITUTION

Schedules 1 to 12

First schedule contains the list of states and union

territories and their territories

Second schedule contains provisions as to the

President, Governors of States, Speaker and the

Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of

States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the

Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State,

the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High

Courts and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of

Indiathe list of states and union territories and their territories

Third Schedule contains the Forms of Oaths or

Affirmations. Fourth Schedule contains provisions as to the

allocation of seats in the Council of States. Fifth Schedule contains provisions as to the

Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and

Scheduled Tribes. Sixth Schedule contains provisions as to the

Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam,

Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Seventh Schedule contains the Union list, State list and the concurrent list.

Eighth Schedule contains the list of

recognised languages. Ninth Schedule contains provisions as to validation of

certain Acts and Regulations.

Tenth Schedule contains provisions as to

disqualification on ground of defection. Eleventh Schedule (73rd amendment) contains the

powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

Twelfth Schedule (74th amendment) contains the powers, authority and responsibilities of

Municipalities.

Seventh Schedule

• Gives allocation of powers and functions between Union & States. It contains 3 lists

1. Union List (For central Govt.) 99 Subjects.

2. States List (Powers of State Govt.) 66 subjects 3. Concurrent List (Both Union & States) 46 subjects.

Eighth Schedule

• List of 22 languages of India recognized by Constitution

Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati,Hindi ,Kannada , Kashmiri,

Manipuri ,Malayalam ,Konkani ,Marathi ,Nepali , Oriya ,

Punjab, Sanskrit ,Sindhi, Tamil ,Telegu ,Urdu, Santhali,

Bodo ,Maithili , Dogri

• Sindhi was added in 1967 by 21 Amendment

• Konkani, Manipuri ad Nepali were added in 1992 by 71 amendment Santhali, Maithili, Bodo and Dogri were added in 2003 by 92 amendment

CHAIRMEN OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES IN THE

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

Committee on the Rules of

Procedure

Rajendra Prasad

Steering Committee Rajendra Prasad

Finance and Staff Committee Rajendra Prasad

Credential Committee Alladi Krishnaswami

Ayyar

House Committee B. Pattabhi

Sitaramayya

Order of Business Committee K.M. Munsi

Ad hoc Committee on the

National Flag

Rajendra Prasad

Committee on the Functions

of the Constituent Assembly

G.V. Mavalankar

States Committee Jawaharlal Nehru

Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights,

Minorities and Tribal and

Excluded Areas

Vallabhbhai Patel

Minorities Sub-Committee H.C. Mookherjee

Fundamental Rights Sub-

Committee

J.B. Kripalani

North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded &

Partially Excluded Areas Sub-

Committee

Gopinath Bardoloi

Excluded and Partially

Excluded Areas (Other than

those in Assam) Sub-Committee

A.V. Thakkar

Union Powers Committee Jawaharlal Nehru

Union Constitution

Committee

Jawaharlal Nehru

Drafting Committee B.R. Ambedkar

polity capsule

Documents