pollinators in agriculture joe rinehart · rikki walter amanda wilson. title: powerpoint...
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Pollinators in Agriculture
Joe RinehartInsect Cryobiology and Ecophysiology GroupUSDA-ARS/ NDSUFargo, North Dakota
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honeybee
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NativePollinators
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ManagedPollinators
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Alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata
USDA-ARS
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spring-summer
summer
winter
spring
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SpringCold
Stress
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Adult emergence after cold stress as a red eyed pupa
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Red-eye pupae exposed to low temperatures exhibited sub-lethal effects on adult performance.
Bennett et al. 2015
• Less adult feeding
• Shorter adult longevity
• Other issues as well
control FTR STR
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24 72 61 6
48 69 49 7
72 72 40 3
96 72 30 6
hours survivedtotal deformity
normal wing deformity
Red-eye pupae exposed to -5°C resulted in some adults exhibiting wing deformities.
Data courtesy of Meg Bennett
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control low temp stress
low temp stress males females collectively
% defects in flight 71% 29% 50%
Data taken under cover of darkness from Meg Bennett
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red-eyed pupaeSTR/FTR for 1 week
newly emerged adults0°C treatment
2 weeksof development
Data taken by force from Meg Bennett
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mid-June
May incubation
Jun-July1st generation
Sept-April
July
July-August2nd generation
Diapause
Diapause
1-5 larval instars
eye pigmented pupa
prepupa
body pigmented pupa
adult
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to diapauseor not to diapause
• diapause determination under maternal control• “decision” affected by daylength and temperature
American FarmersPredominantly non-diapausers
Increased diseaseDecreased total yield
(<1 bee returned for every one released)
Canadian FarmersPredominantly diapausers
Increased bee healthIncreased total yield
(2-4 bees returned for every one released)
40 tons imported annually
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Pollination Nation Research Experience for Undergraduates
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20152013
2017 2018
ICE Research Network
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USDAGeorge YocumJoe RinehartMarcia HagenMarnie LarsonNyle JonasonBonnie MuhlDacotah MelicherArun RajamohanKorie Debardlabon
NDSUKendra GreenleeJulia BowsherGiancarlo LopezJeff KittilsonMicki PalmersheimMia Park Courtney GrulaHeather NorthElisabeth WilsonKayla EarlsLiz CambronGeorgia DavisOsama Mahdi
CDC FoundationAndrew DoschJacob Campbell
AlumniAlex Torson (University of Western Ontario)Meg Bennett (Arizona State University)
PIsSupport peepsPostdocsGrad StudentsUndergraduatesReally fortunate dudes
Noha AbdelrahmanAmundsonClaire CampionAlex EvensonErica KellyAdele MaloneRikki WalterAmanda Wilson