Pollution Control Policies & Good Practice For Industry in Thailand

Chayawee Wangcharoenrung Ph.D.Water Quality Management Bureau,

Pollution Control Department, MNRE Thailand

Regional Forum on Environmental Compliance in Industrial Sector 24 September 2015 at Novotel Bangkok, Thailand

Presentation Structure - Thailand

Industrial Pollution Control Policies and Regulations

• Industrial Statistics• Pollution Status• Overall Structure of Regulation on Industrial Pollution Control• Related Governmental Agencies• Policies, strategies, legislations and regulations related to industrial

pollution control• Obstacles and Solutions

Discussion on Good Practices in Promoting Compliance in Industrial Sector• Good Practices

2Page

Thailand - Location

Thailand

Bangkok

Thailand General Statistics

Thailand Industrial Export Income

Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control Policies and Regulations

2015th State of Pollution

Percentage of Days that PM10 Exceeding Standard in 2014 - 2015

Bangkok and Surrounding

Area

NorthCentral East SouthN.E.

2014

2015

2015th State of Pollution (cont.)

Water Quality By WQI and MWQI

PCD Mobile Application

Office of the Prime

Minister, OPM

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, MOAC Ministry of Commerce, MOC Ministry of Culture, MCulture

Ministry of Defence, MOD Ministry of Education, MOEMinistry of Energy, MOEN Ministry of Finance, MOF

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MFA Ministry of Industry, MOI

Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, ICT Ministry of Interior, MOI Ministry of Justice, MOJ Ministry of Labor, MOL

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MNRE Ministry of Public Health, MOPH

Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, MOS

Ministry of Tourism and Sports, MTS Ministry of Transport, MOT

19 Ministries

Thai Government Structure

Environmental Regulation Structure

Other Regulations

MNRE MOI MOLMOPH

Main Regulation

Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992)

Main legal framework forenvironmental management inThailand. Using national standards to manage pollution sources. Using National committee as mechanism.

MNRE As umbrella to cover environmental regulation gap; mainly no criminal or civil liability for violation of standards.

Factory Act B.E. 2535 (FA 1992)

Main regulation that supervise factory activities and operations. Provides definitions, standards, expansion criteria and reports.

MOI MOI also promotes industrial development

Hazardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 (HSA 1992)

Control hazardous substances possession and set up a toxic substance committee.

MOI Classified hazardous substance to 4 categories according to level of control.

Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (PHA 1992)

Regulates nuisance activities such as odor, chemical fumes, wastewater discharge. Effect large and small factories.

MOPH Authorities of this act are handed over to local government. According to decentralized policy of government.

Set by NEQA 1992 Sect 55 and enforced directly by

FA 1992

Set by NEQA 1992 Sect. 32, indirect control

Control StrategyThai Environmental

Standards for Industry

Ambient Standards Effluent Standards

Wastewater Effluent General Std.Surface Water Quality Std.

Wastewater Effluent Specific Std.

Water Reuse Guideline (Std.)Coastal Water Quality Std.

Ground Water Quality Std.

Ambient Air Std.

VOCs in Ambient Air Std.

Emission Std. for Power Plants

Emission Std. for Waste Incinerators

Emission Std. for Mining and Quarry

Emission Std. for Cement Plants

Emission Std. for Gasoline Terminals

General Emission Std.

Ambient Noise Std.

Vibration from Mining and Quarry Std.

Ambient Standard

and

Emission Standard

Has different control

mechanism

Control Strategy (cont.)

Enforced by PHA 1992

Enforced by Royal Irrigation Dept.

(Royal Irrigation Act.)

Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation in Thai Waterway Act.)

Enforced by FA 1992

Control Strategy (cont.)

Permitting SystemEnforced by NEQA 1992

Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)

Factory Establishment Permit (Sect. 7)

Control of New Factory Establishment in Chopraya River Basin

Water Discharge Permit to Main River

Water Discharge Permit to Irrigation Waterway

Business that Has Detrimental Effect to

Health License

condition

Enfo

rced

by

NEQ

A 1

992

Enforced by FA 1992

Control Strategy (cont.)

Operation Control (Auditing)

Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator License (Sect. 73)

Pollution Control Equipment's Supervisor(MOI Notification 2011)

Wastewater Treatment or Pollution Control Inspection

(Sect. 82)

General Factory Inspection(Sect 35)

Enforced by FA 1992

Control Strategy (cont.)

Reporting System

Enforced by NEQA 1992

Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment System Monthly Report

(Sect. 80)

Emission Report (2 times/yr) (DIW Notification on 2012)

BOD/COD Online System(MOI Notification on 2011)

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMs) (MOI Notification on 2011)

Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation In Thai Waterway Act.)

Water Discharge Analysis Report (4 times/yr)

Control Strategy - Green Industry

Sustainable Development

ContinuousImprovement

Sustainable Development

Improvement such that become environmental

friendly

Focus on social responsibilitywhich supports sustainable

development policy

Level 1 –Green Commitment

Level 2 –Green Activities

Level 3 –Green System

Level 4 –Green Culture

Level 5 –Green Network

Having business policy on

environment

•Environmental policy

•Implement•Evaluate•Reexamine

Having business policy on

environment and implement

• All in level 3• Development of

green culture• Disclose

environmental data

•All in level 4•Green supply chain•Environmental data report and relationship promotion

Green Supply Chain

ISO 26000

ISO 14001/50001

Green Product

CT

Lean Manufacturing

MOI Level of Green Industry Development

Control Strategy – Eco Industrial Town

ECO = Ecology + Economy

Decrease Pollution and Waste Increase Business Success

Eco-Industrial Town was designed to develop the economy and the ecology in and industrial town in a sustainable manner including economic, social and environmental aspect.

Eco Industrial Town is …1. Industrial town that factories inside aware of both environmental and production

improvement2. Industrial town that factories and business inside cooperate with each other in order

to manage environment and natural resource3. Industrial town that factories and business inside can see the benefit of

environmental quality protection

A defined area, a laboratory, where various different eco-concepts such as green procurement, CSR, reporting system green label, integrated waste management, and 3R can be developed and implemented.

Kitakyushu Japan

Main Obstacles and Solutions

• Identified topics and agencies then propose a coordination mechanism

coordination and overlapping authority

between agencies

• Increase number of inspection and enforcement officers• Using auditing system (future policy)

not enough inspection and enforcement

• Use “one stop service” policy (new regulation just out!)no integrated permitting system

• Move from self reporting toward third-party auditingintegrity and trustworthy of reporting

• PCD try to integrate concept of economic instrument into new NEQA such as pollution discharge fee

environmental quality has no economical value

21

Discussion on Good Practices in Promoting Compliance in Industrial Sector

Page

Focusing on Public Participation by recruiting college students to help in factories environmental inspection/survey.

o Over 25 universities has joined the program (in Bangkok metro area)

o 120,000 factories all over the country are targeted

o Allotted budget of 46.3 Million Baht. (1.5 mil $)

Environmental Army Project 2005-2007

Environmental Army (cont.)

1. Factories environmental survey with wastewater and smoke sample collection

2. Building factories wastewater database which will help on future planning

3. Technical Assistance for factories that do not meet standard

Location of factories surveyed:Blue dot indicated factories that

comply with effluent std.Red dot indicated factories that need

to improve.

Environmental Army Project (cont.)

Data Collected Contact address GPS Coordinate Pictures of front door and effluent points Boiler’s exhaust opacity with Ringelmann

scale Effluent wastewater quality

Example of Green Label Products..• Recycled Papers• Recycled plastic utilities• Fluorescent light bulb• Emulsion paints (no Pb & Hg)• Refrigerator• Sanitary ware• Air Conditions• Battery• Spray without CFC• Envi Friendly Detergent• Computer• Insulation• Automobile • Television• Fan• Tire• Vacuum Cleaner• LED light bulb

Green Label• Certification awarded to specific products that are

shown to have minimum impact on the environment in comparison with other products

• Initiated by the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development in October 1993

• The Thai green label board is set to take all major decisions regarding the green label. Thailand Environmental Institute as secretariat.

• The technical subcommittee is set to review criteria, test methods, and other requirements for applicants of Green Label. So far, 90 criteria have been developed

• See criteria at http://www.tei.or.th/greenlabel /thcategories.html

Thank YouThanks for Listening