pondicherry univeristy puducherry - 605 014. sri

Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; jkpopaw;Gyk;SRI SUBRAMANIA BHARATHI SCHOOL OF TAMIL LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
M.A., (TAMIL) SYLLABUS
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY SRI SUBRAMANIA BHARATHI SCHOOL OF TAML LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
M.A. TAMIL (Total 72 Credits) List of Course (Each Course 3 Credits)
SEMESTER I
TAML - 101 - Tholkappiam - Ezhuthu
TAML - 102 - Devotional Literature
TAML - 103 - Didactic Literature
TAML - 105 - Folk Games
TAML - 106 - Languages Skill
SEMESTER II
TAML – 201 - Tholkappiam - Sol
Soft Core Courses (Jizg; ghlq;fs;)
TAML - 205 - Tamil Grammar Books: An Introduction
TAML - 206 - Sociology and Tamil Literature
TAML - 207 - Women Literature in Tamil
TAML - 208 - Folklore Theories
TAML - 210 - Marxism and Tamil Literature
TAML - 211 - Modern Literary Theory
TAML - 212 - Anthropology and Tamil Literature
TAML - 213 - Epic: Kambaramayanam
SEMESTER III
TAML - 301 - Tholkappiam - Porul ( 1 – 5 Chapters)
TAML - 302 - Sangam Literature
TAML - 304 - Folklore – An Introduction
Soft Core Courses (Jizg; ghlq;fs;)
TAML - 306 - Anthology
TAML - 308 - Translation Theory
TAML - 310 - Yoga
TAML - 401 - Tholkappiam - Porul ( 6 – 9 Chapters )
TAML - 402 - Siddha Literature
TAML - 404 - Literary Criticism
TAML - 406 - Vanidasan Poetry: An Introduction
TAML - 407 - 20 th Century Tamil Epics
TAML - 408 - Tamil Dramas
TAML - 410 - Inter Disciplinary Research: An Introduction
Five Years Integrated Course (Other Departments Students)
TAML - 305 - General Tamil Paper - I
TAML - 405 - General Tamil Paper - II
Soft Core (Other Language Students Only )
TAML - 411 - Spoken Tamil
jhs;: njhy;fhg;gpak; - vOj;jjpfhuk; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 101 ghlkjpg;G: 3 kjpg;Gfs; (3 Credits)
ghl Nehf;fk;: jkpH ; vGj;j pyf ;fzj;ijj ; bjhy;fhg ;g paj ;j pd ; tHpe pd ;W gapw ;Wtpj ;jy ;.
myF - 1 mwpKfk;: vGj;j pyf ;fz E]y ;fis mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ; : - bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; KGika [k ; bghJthf
mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ; - gha puj ;j pd ; r pwg ;g [f ; TWjy; - gha puj ;j py ; Twg;gLk; tuyhw ;Wr ;
bra ;j pfspd ; nd;w paikahikia vLj;Jiuj;jy ; - mjpfhu mikg ;g [fis tpsf ;Fjy ; -
nayikg;g [fis Muha ;jy ;.
myF - 2 Ehd;kuG: vGj;Jf ;fspd ; tif - KjbyGj;Jf ;fs; - rhh ;bgGj ;Jfs; - khj ;j piu mst[fs; - vGj ;J
totA;fs; - vGj ;Jf ;fspd; kaf ;fk ;.
myF - 3 nkhop kuG: bkhHp kug [ - rhh ;bgGj;Jf ;fs; - jdpbkhH p - bjhlh ;bkhHpa py ; e pw ;Fk ; e piyfs; -
Ma;jj ;j pd ; r pwg ;g pay ;g [fs ; - vGj;Jf ;fs; bkhHpahFk; e piyfs; - vGj;Jf ;fspd ;
naf ;fk ; - bkhHp Kjy ; , nWjp vGj;Jf ;fs;.
myF - 4 gpwg ;g pay;: vGj;Jf ;fspd ; bghJg;g pwg ;g [f ;fs ; - jiy, kplW, beq ;R Mfpatw ;w py ; fhw ;Wg ;gLjyhy;
vGj;Jf ;fs; g pwf ;f pd ;w e piy - capbuGj;Jf ;fspd; g pwg ;g [f ;fs ; - bka ;baGj;Jf ;fspd;
g pwg ;g [f ;fs ; - rhh ;bgGj;Jf ;fspd; g pwg ;g [f ;fs ; .
myF - 5 Gzhpay;: bkhHpfspd ; KjYk; NUk ; - g [zh ;r ;r pf ;Fh pa nUbkhHpfspd; nay;g [fs; - g [zh ;jypd;
nay;g [fs ; - nUtifg; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - cUg[g ; g [zh ;r ;r pa pd ; bghJ nay;g [fs; -
rhh piag ; g [zh ;r ;r pa pd ; bghJ nay;g [fs; - vGj ;Jr ; rhh piafs; - capbuGj;j py ;
g [zh ;r ;r p nay;g [fs; - g [zh ;r ;r pa py ; bghUs; BtWgLkplA ;fs;.
myF - 6 njhif kuG: caph PW bka ;a PWfspd ; bghJg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - bky;y pdk ; Bjhd;Wkplk ; - tUbkhHp
nay;ghjy; - caph PW bka ;a PWfspd ; r pwg ;g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - Kd;dpiy tpidr ; brhy ; Kog [ -
cah ;j pizg; bgah ; g [zh ;e piyfs; - K }d ;whk ; Btw ;Wik Kog [fs; - nuz;lhk ;
Btw ;Wikj ; jph pg [fs ; - VHhk ; Btw ;Wik Kog [fs; - beoy; Fw py ; Kd; xw ;Wf ;fs; - xw ;W
nul;lhj nlk; - mst[e piw vz;Zg;bgah ;fs; - ahth ; ahJ vd;Dk; brhw ;fspd; kUc
epiyfs;.
myF - 7 cUgpay;: caph PWfs ; - bka ;a PWfs; - Kw ;Wfu, Fw ;Wfu NWfs;.
myF - 8 caph ; kaf;fk; : mfu NWfs; - my;tHpa py ; mfu Nw ;Wr ; brhw ;fs; - nfu Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs ; - Nfhu
Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - cfu Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - Cfhu Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs ; - Ifhu,
xfhu Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - xsfhu Nw ;Wg ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs ;.
myF - 9 Gs;sp kaq;fpay;:
bky;byhw ;W NWfs; - nUtHpa pYk; qfu Nw ;Wj ; bjhHpw ;bgah ; - Btw ;Wikapy ; zfu NW
- Btw ;Wikapy ; kfu NWfs; - Btw ;Wikapy ; cah ;j piz tpiut [g ; bgah ;fs; -
Btw ;Wikapy ; dfu NWfs; - nilbahw ;W NWfs; - Btw ;W my;tHpa py ; afu, ufu, yfu
NWfs; - tpfhu NWfs; - Hfu NWfs; - Ma;j NWfs;.
myF - 10 Fw;wpaYfug; Gzhpay;:
Fw ;w paYfuj;j pd ; nay;g [fs; - bghJg; g [zh ;r ;r pfs ; - beoy; , caph ; , nil, Ma;jk ; ,
td; , bkd; , bjhlh ;g ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - Fw ;Wfur ; r pwg ;g [g ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs; - Fw ;w paYfu
vz;Zg;bgah ;g ; g [zh ;r ;r pfs;.
%yE}y;: bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; - vGj;jjpfhuk ; (nsk;g {uzk; )
fHfg;gjpg ;g [ , brd;id, 1996.
ghh ;it E}y;fs;:
rz;Kfk; br.it.
r ptypA ;fhdhh ;. M.
brd;id.
jhs;: gf;jp ,yf;fpak; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 102 ghlkjpg ;G : 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
Nehf ;fq ;fs ; :
1. jkpH ; nyf ;f paj ;j py ; gf ;j p nyf;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; Fw pj ;J vLj;Jiuj;jy ;.
2. gf ;j p nyf ;f paA ;fspd; vGr ;r p Fw pj ;J khzth;fs; mwpe ;J bfhs;sr ; bra ;jy ;.
3. rkaA ;fs ; Fw pj ;j mwptpid tsh ;j ;jy ;.
1. jkpH ; nyf ;f paj ;j pw ;Fk ; rK }fj ;j pw ;Fk ; gf ;j p nyf;f payhsh ;fs; bra ;j
bjhz;Lfisa [k ; , gf ;j pa pd ; Bkd;ikfisa[k ; khzth;fs; mwpe ;J bfhs;sr ;bra ;jy ;.
myF - 1: gf ;j p vd ;Dk; brhy;y pd ; bghUs; - gf ;j p nyf;f pak ; - rA ;fk ; , rA ;fk ; kUtpa
E]y ;fspy ; gf ;j p nyf ;f paj ;j pd ; Bjhw ;Wtha ;fs ; - gf ;j pa pd ; gad;.
myF - 2: gf ;j p naf ;fk ; - gf ;j p naf ;fj ;j pd ; vGr ;r p – mjd; tuyhw ;Wg ; g pd ;dzp – irtk; ,
itztk; - brhw ;bghUs; tpsf ;fA ;fs;.
myF - 3: jkpH ; E]y ;fspy ; r ptbgUkhd; , jpUkhy; tHpghL – ehad;khh ;fs; ghoa E]y ;fspd;
tifa [k ; bjhifa [k ; - MH;thh ;fs; ghoa E]y ;fspd; tifa [k ; bjhifa [k ;.
myF - 4: fhzhgj ;ak ; bfskhuk ; - rhf ;jk ; - irdk; - bgsj;jk ; - f pw pj ;jtk ; - nRyhk ; -
Fw pj ;j mwpKfr ;bra ;j pfs;.
myF - 5: jpUqhd rk;ge ;jh ; - xd;whk ; jpUKiw – „fw ;whA ;F vh pBahk ;g p vd;W bjhlA ;Fk ; 10
ghly;fs ; mg ;gh ; - Ie ;jhk ; jpUKiwapy ; „md;dk; ghypf ;Fk ; vd;W bjhlA;Fk ; 10
ghly;fs ;.
myF - 6: Re ;juh ; VHhk ; jpUKiwapy ; „bghd;Dk; bka ;g ;bghUSk; Kjy; 10 ghly;fs; -
khzpf ;fthrfh ; - r ptg [uhzk; KGika [k ;.
myF - 7: fhiuf ;fhy ; mk;ikahh ; mw ;g [jj ; jpUte ;jhjp Kjy ; 10 ghly;fs; - jpUK }yh ; -
jpUke ;j puk ; - gf ;j pa [ilik mjpfhuj ;j py ; Kjy; 10 ghly;fs ;
myF - 8: bghpahH ;thh ; - „Jg;g [ilahiu vd;W bjhlA;Fk ; Kjy; 10 ghly ;fs; - ek ;khH ;thh ;
- „tha [k ; jpiua [fSk; vd;W bjhlA ;Fk ; 10 ghly;fs ;
myF - 9: Mz;lhs ; - jpUg ;ghit Kjy; 3 kw ;Wk ; g pd ; 7 ghly ;fs; - jha [khdth ; - Mde;jf ;
fspg ;g [ Kjy; 10 ghly;fs;
myF - 10:
mUzfph pehjh ; , „ge ;jho mA;if, „Kj ;ijj;jU vd;W bjhlA ;Fk ; nuz;L
ghly;fs ; - ts;syhh ; , „g [dpjFyk; bgWkhW vd;W bjhlA;Fk ; 10 ghly;fs;.
Jiz E}y;fs;:
2. ne ;j pa jj ;Jt qhdk; - f p. nyl;Rkzd;
3. jkpH pyf ;f pa tuyhw ;Wf ;fsq;r pak ; - kJ. r. tpkyhde ;jk ;
4. ehyhapuj ;j pt ;t pag ;g puge ;jk ; - lhf ;lh ;.b$fj;ul ;rfd;
5. gd;dpU jpUKiw – th ;j ;jkhdd; gjpg ;gfk ;
6. gd;dpU jpUKiw tuyhW – bts;is thuzdhu;
7. jha [khdth ; ghly;fs; - jha [khdth ;
8. jpUg ;g [fH ; - mUzfph pehjh ;
9. jpUtUl;gh – ts;syhh ;
10. rkaj;jkpH ; - f.nskjprhdfpuhkd;
jhs;: mw ,yf;fpak; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 103 ghlkjpg ;G : 3 kjpg ;Gfs; ; (3 Credits)
myF - 1: mwk; - brhw ;bghUs; - mwk; bghUs; nd;gk ; t PL vd;we piy gz;ila
nyf;f paA ;fspy ; mwr ;r pe ;jid.
myF - 2: rA;ffhy mwk ; - bjhy;fhg ;g paf ; Fw pg ;g [fs ; fhg ;g paA ;fspy ; mwk; - murpay ;
g piHj;BjhUf ;F mwk; Tw ;whjy ; - mwk; bty;Yk; ghtk ; Bjhw ;Fk ; -
czf;bfhLj ;Bjhh ; caph ;bfhLj;Bjhh ;.
myF - 3: rA;f nyf;f paA ;fspy ; mwf ;TWfs; - g [yth ;fspd; fUj;Jfs ; - ahJk; CBu ahtUk ;
Bfsph ; fhq;r pj ;j piz – e piyahikf ; bfhs ;iffs;.
myF - 4: nd;ik kWikf; Bfhl ;ghL – mwk; gw ;w pa r pe ;jidfSk; kWgpwg ;g [f ; Bfhl ;ghLk; -
bry;tk ; e piyahikgw ;w pa fUj;Jfs ;.
myF - 5: jpUf ;Fws; - e Pj p nyf ;f pak ; - gjpbdz;f PH ;f ;fzf;F E]y ;fs; - mwE]y ;fs; gw ;w pa
Fw pg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 6: mwd; typa [Wj ;jy ; - ny;ywtpay ; , Jwtwt pay ; , bghUl ;ghypy ; mwf ;fUj;Jfs ; -
murpay ; mwk; , Bghh ; mwk;.
myF - 7: nd;gj ;Jg ;ghy ; - xUtDf;F xUj;j p vd;w Bfhl ;ghL, guj ;jikiaf ; fojy; ,
jdpkdpj mwk; rK }f mwk; , FLk;g mwk;.
myF - 8: ehyoahh ; - mwA;fs; Kjd;ikg ;gLj ;jg ;bgwy; - rkar ;rhh ;ghd mwA;fs; - bghJ
mwA;fs ; kdpj thH ;t py ; mwA;fspd; gA ;F.
myF - 9: nyf;f paA ;fspy ; mwk ; typa [Wj ;jg ;gly ; - thH ;t pay ; TWfspy ; mwj ;j pw ;fhd nlk; -
mw nyf;f paA ;fs ; TWk; mwKk; khDl thH;f ;ifa [k ;.
myF - 10: fhye ;BjhWk; mwA;fspd; tsh ;r ;r p – khw ;wA ;fs; - gz;ghl ;od; g pujpgspg ;g [ -
nd;iwa rKjhaj;j py ; mwk; bgWk; gA ;F.
ghh ;it E}y;fs; :
1. f.jh.jpUeht [f ;fuR - jpUf ;Fws; e Pj p nyf;f pak ;
2. M.BtYg;g ps ;is - jkpH ; nyf ;f paj ;j py ; fhyKk; fUj;Jk ;
3. K.tujuhrd; - jkpH ; nyf ;f pa tuyhW
4. F.r. Mde;jd; - jpUf ;Fws; cz;ikg;bghUs;
*****
Nehf;fq;fs;:
1. et Pd nyf ;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; tsh ;r ;r p Fw pj ;J mwpe ;J bfhs;tJ.
2. Fwpg ;g pl ;l gilg ;g [fs;/ gilg;ghsh ;fis mwpKfg ;gLj;JtJ.
myF - 1: et Pd nyf;f paj ; Bjhw ;wg ; g pd ;dzpfs; - gpwehl ;lhh ; tUif – MA;f pByah ; tUif
– ghjph pkhh ;fspd ; nyf;f pa nyf;fzg; gzpfs; - mr;Rg ;bghw p gad;ghl ;Lf ;F
tUjy; - gj;j ph pf ;iffs; cUthjy ;.
myF - 2: ciueil nyf;f paA ;fs; mwpKfkhjy ; - tA ;fhs bkhHpa py ; et Pd nyf;f paA ;fs;
cUthjy; - Bkiyehl ;L nyf ;f pa tiffshd ehty; , r pWfij Bghd;wit
mwpKfkhjy; - MA;f pyk ; goj ;jth ;fs ; nyf;f pa Kaw ;r p Bkw ;bfhs ;sy;.
myF - 3: ehty ; nyf;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; - fhg ;g paj ;j pw ;Fk ; ehtYf;FKs;s xw ;Wik, Btw ;Wikfs;
- bra ;a [s ; totpy ; vGjg;gl ;l ehty; - bjhlf ;ffhy ehty;fs; -
Btjehafk;g ps ;is, khjitah, uh$ka ;ah pd ; ehty ; Kaw ;r pfs ;.
myF - 4: 1900 Kjy; 1930 tiuapyhd fhyfl ;lk ; - Jg ;gw pa [k ; ehty;fs; mjpfk ;
btsptUjy ; - 1930 Kjy; 1950 tiuapyhd fhyfl;lk ; - Bjrpag ;g pd ;dzp
bfhz;l ehty;fs; - fy;f pa pd ; ehty; Kaw ;r pfs; .
myF - 5: 1950 Kjy; 1980 tiuapyhd fhyfl ;lk ; - b$afhe ;jd; , jp.$hdfpuhkd;
Bghd;Bwhh pd ; ehty;fs; - jpuhtpl, khh ;f ;r pa naf;fg ; g pd ;dzpa py ; btspg ;gl ;l
ehty ;fs; - fiy fiyf;fhfBt vd;w Behf ;f py ; btspg ;gl ;l ehty;fs; -
R$hjhtpd ; mwpt pay ; g [idt[ bfhz;l ehty ;fs; .
myF - 6: rpWfij nyf ;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; - ghujp , khjitah Bghd;Bwhh pd ; Kaw ;r pfs; -
t.Bt.R. ma;ah pd ; r pWfijfs; - kzpf ;bfhof ; fhyk; - g [Jikg ;g pj ;jd ; ,
F.g.uh, bksdp Bghd;Bwhh pd ; fijfs;.
myF - 7: rpWgj;j ph piffSk; r pWfij Kaw ;r pfSk; - b$afhe ;jd ; r pWfijfs; - gpugq;rd;
Bghd;Bwhh pd ; r pWfijfs; - fp.uh$ehuhazd; r pWfijfs; - 1980fs; tiu
rpWfij tsh ;r ;r p – j Pgk ; , fizahHp Bghd;w r pWgj;j ph piffspd; r pWfij
Kaw ;r pfs ;.
myF - 8: g[Jf ;ftpijapd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - trdftpij Kaw ;r p – Bkiyehl ;L nyf;f pa
nyf;fzA;fSk; ftpij Kaw ;r pfSk; - e. g pr ;rK } } h ;j ;j pa pd ; ftpijfs; - „vGj ;J
gj;j ph pifapd ; gA ;fspg ;g [ - 1960fspy ; g [Jf ;ftpij Kaw ;r pfs; .
myF - 9: rpWgj;j ph piffSk; g [Jf ;ftpij Kaw ;r pfSk; - eil, frljgw Kjy ; 1980
tiuapyhd fhyfl;lA ;fspy ; g [Jf ;ftpij tsh ;r ;r p – thdk;ghof ; ftpij Kaw ;r p –
i#f;Ttpd; Bjhw ;wk ; , tsh ;r ;r p.
myF - 10: et Pd ehlfA;fspd; Bjhw ;wk ; - kug [ ehlfA;fSf ;Fk ; et Pd ehlfA;fSf;FKs;s
xw ;Wik, Btw ;Wikfs; - et Pd ehlf mikg;g [fs; cUthjy ; - qhe p , Bfhky ;
Rthkpehjd; , e.Kj;Jrhkp Bghd;Bwhh pd ; ehlf Kaw ;r pfs; - e pfH ;fiy Fwpj ;j
g [h pjy ;fs ; - btsp buA ;fuh$dpd; Kaw ;r pfs;.
ghl E}y;fs;:
1. m. khjitah, gj;khtjp rh pj ;j puk ; , e pa { brq;Rh p g [f ; #t[! ; , brd;id, 1994.
2. g [Jikg ;g pj ;jd ; , g [Jikg;g pj ;jd ; r pWfijfs; , e pa {brq;Rh p g [f ; #t[! ; , brd;id.
3. ghujpa pd ; trd ftpij.
4. gRta ;ah, eLe pr p eha ;fs; , f ;h pah, brd;id – 1975.
5. jkpHd;gd ; , nut [g ;ghlfd; , g{k ;g [fhh ; g puRuk ; , brd;id, 2003.
6. gpugq;rd ; , Kl;il (ehlfk; ) , mfuk; , Fk ;gBfhzk; , 1997 (nuz;lhk ; gjpg ;g [ ).
ghh ;it E}y;fs;:
1. bg.Bfh. Re ;jh ;uh$d;, r ptghj Re ;juk ; , jkpH ; ehty; E]w ;whz;L tuyhWk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; ,
brd;id fpw p! ;Jt nyf;f par ; rA ;fk ; , brd;id, 1997.
2. bg.Bfh. Re ;jh ;uh$d;, r ptghjRe ;juk ; - jkpH py ; r pWfij tuyhWk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; , f ;h pah,
brd;id, 1989.
3. V.tp. Rg ;g pukzpa Iah ; , jw ;fhyj; jkpH ; nyf;f pak ; , kf ;fs ; btspa PL, brd;id, 1985
( ; gjpg ;g [ )
4. k.kjpaHfd; , et Pd nyf;f par ; r pe ;jidfs; , g ;h Pj ; btspa Pl ;lfk ; , g [Jit, 1992.
5. nuh$ khh ;j ;jhz;ld; , g [Jf ;ftpij tuyhW, a [idbll; iul ;lh ;! ; , brd;id, 2003 .
6. ty;ypf ;fz;zd;, g [Jf ;ftpijapd; Bjhw ;wKk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; , md;dk ; (g p ) ypl ; , r ptfA ;if,
1992 (%d;whk ; gjpg ;g [ )
7. R. muA;fuhR, jkpH ;g ;g [Jf ;ftpij – xU jpwdha ;t [ , % }d ;whk ; cyfg; gjpg ;gfk ; ,
brd;id, 1991.
8. Kidth ;. K.nuhkrhkp (gjpg ;g [ ) : nUgjhk ; E]w ;whz;Lj ; jkpH ; ehlfA;fs; , cyfj;
jkpHhuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; , brd;id, 1999.
9. jkpH py ; et Pd ehlfk; , cyfj ; jkpHhuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; , brd;id, 1996.
10. K. nuhkrhkp , jkpH ; ehlfk ; Bew ;W , nd;W ehis.
******
jhs;: ehl;Lg;Gw tpisahl;Lfs; (mUe;Jizg; ghlk;) ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 105 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
myF - 1: mwpKfk ;
tpisahl;Lfspd; tpsf ;fA ;fSk; tiuaiwfSk; - tpisahl ;Lfspd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - jkpHh ;
tpisahl;Lf ; bfhs;if – ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; ehl ;Lg ;g [w tpisahl ;LfSk;.
myF - 2: tifg ;ghLfs;
mf tpisahl ;Lfs; - g [w tpisahl;Lfs; - jdp egh ; tpisahl;L – nUth ; fye ;J
bfhs;Sk; tpisahl;L – FG tpisahl;L – Mlth; - kfsph ; - r pwhh ; - r pWth ; -
r pWkpah ; - FHe ;ijfs; tpisahl;Lfs ;
myF - 3: tpisahl ;LfSk; gUtq;fSk; : (taJ)
FHe ;ijg ; gUtk; - Kjph ;e ;j FHe ;ijg ; gUtk; - r pwhh ; gUtk; - Kjph ;e ;j r pwhh ;
gUtk; - nsikg; gUtk; - KJikg; gUtk;.
myF - 4: g pd;Gyr ; #oy;
MLfsA;fs; - MLfsA;fs; mHpa [k ; jd;ik – fhyKk ; bghGJk ; - Bfhilf ;fhyk;
- kiHf ;fhyk ; - Fsph ;fhyk; - fhiyg ;bghGJ – ez;gfy; - khiy / Kd;dput [ -
Bjh ;j ;j pUtpHh – jpUehs; - R {Hy ; khWjYk; t pisahl ;Lfs; kiwjYk;.
myF - 5: tpisahl ;Lr ; #oYk; KiwfSk;
tpisahl;ilj; bjhpt [ bra ;jy ; - mzp gph pj ;jy ; - mzpa pd ; jiytiuj; bjhpt [
bra ;jy ; - Kjypy ; tpisahLk ; mzp Kot [ bra ;jy ; - bjhLgtiuj ; bjhpt [ bra ;jy ; -
nilepWj ;jk ; - rz;ilfs; , rr ;rut [fs ; - tpisahl;od ; Kot[.
myF - 6: tpisahl ;LfSk; ghly ;fSk;
tpisahl;oy ; ghly ;fs ; nlk;bgWk; Kiw – Bfyp – tpdhtpil – vz;fs; -
ehg ;g pwH ;t [ - fw ;g pjA ;fs; - gpw ghly ;fs; - totKk ; mikg;g [ Kiwa [k ; - brhw ;fl ;L
– xypg ;g [ Kiwa [k ; Xir mikg ;g [k ; - fl ;Ljy;/gut[jy ; - mHpjYk ; fhj ;jYk;.
myF - 7: jph pG tbtq;fs;
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; jph pg [ totA ;fSk; - tpisahl ;Lg ; bgah ;fspy ; - tpisahl;L
Kiwfspy ; - tpisahl ;Lg ;ghly;fspy ; - Vw ;gLk ; jph pg [ totA;fs; - jph pg [
totA;fSf;fhd fhuzA;fs; - et Pd tpisahl ;Lfspy ; ehl ;Lg ;g [w tpisahl;Lfspd ;
jhf ;fk ;.
myF - 8: tpisahl ;Lfspd; tpisTfs;
bray; Kiwf ;fy ;t piag ; gapw ;Wtpj ;jy ; - clw ;ga pw ;r pa [k ; cly ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; Vw ;gLjy;
- g [yg ;ga pw ;r p Vw ;gLjy; - iftpidj ;j pwd; btspg ;gLjy ; - ey ;Yzh ;t [fis
tsh ;j ;jy ; - eog ;g [j ;j pwid btspg ;gLj;jy ; - fy;t p ghjpj ;jy ; - R{jhl ;l
kdg;ghd;ik cUthFjy; - clYf ;F CW Vw ;gLjy;.
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. qh.BjtBead; , „jkpH ; ehl ;L tpisahl;Lfs; , irt rpj ;jhe ;j E]w ;gj pg ;g [f ; fHfk ; ,
brd;id.
2. nuh. ghyRg ;g pukzpad; , „jkpHh ; ehl ;L tpisahl;Lfs; , cyfj; jkpHhuha ;r ;r p
e pWtdk ; , brd;id.
3. m.gpr ;ir, „jkpHh ; gz;ghl ;oy ; tpisahl ;Lfs;, fgpyd; gjpg ;gfk ; , brd;id.
******
ghlk;: nkhopj;jpwd; tpUg;gg; ghlk; (Soft Core)
ghlj;jpl; ;lk; myF:1 mwpKfk;: jkpopd; jdpj;jd;ik - njhd;ik - nrt;tpay; jd;ik - jdpepiy>xl;Lepiyg; gz;G - jpuhtplnkhopf;FLk;gk; - ,yf;fzmwptpd; ,d;wpaikahik myF:2 vOj;jpay;: vOj;Jk; mjd; tiffSk; - Kjy; vOj;J>rhh;ngOj;J - Kjdpiy> ,Wjpepiy> ,ilepiyvOj;Jf;fs; - nka;k;kaf;fk; - Rl;L>tpidhvOj;Jf;fs; - vOj;Jg;Nghyp myF:3 nrhy;ypay;: nrhy;ypd; mikg;G - gFgjk;>gfhg;gjk; - gFgjcWg;gpyf;fzk; - nrhy; tiffs; - ,yf;fztif - ,yf;fpatif - ngah;>tpid> ,il>chpr;nrhw;fs; - ,aw;nrhy;>jphpnrhy;>jpirr;nrhy;>tlnrhy; - jw;rkk;>jw;gtk; - jpiz>ghy;>vz;> ,lg;gFg;GKiw myF:4 ngahpay;: ngah;r;nrhy; gw;wpatpsf;fk; - ngah;r;nrhy;ypd; jd;ikfs; - tiffs; - ,yf;fztif - nkhopapay; mbg;gilapyhdtifg;ghL - khw;Wg;ngah;>Mf;fg;ngah;> $l;Lg;ngah;>tpidahyizAk; ngah; - MFngaUk; mjd; tiffSk; - vz;tifNtw;Wikfs; myF:5 tpidapay;: tpidr;nrhy; gw;wpatpsf;fk; - tpidr;nrhy;ypd; mikg;G - tpidr;nrhy; tiffs; - Kw;Wtpid>vr;rtpid - nra;tpid>nrag;ghl;Ltpid - nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpatpid>Fd;whtpid - jd; tpid>gpwtpid>fhuztpid - Kjy; tpid>Jiztpid>jdptpid> $l;Ltpid myF:6 ,ilkw;Wk; chpapay;: ,ilr;nrhy; tiffs; - ck;>Vfhu>XfhuKjypa ,ilr;nrhw;fs; - chpr;nrhy; tiffs; - xUFzk; jOtpachpr;nrhy; - gyFzk; jOtpachpr;nrhy; - ngauil>tpidail myF:7 njhlhpay;: jdpthf;fpak; - $l;Lthf;fpak; - fyitthf;fpak; - ngah;g; gadpiy - tpidg; gadpiy - vjph;kiw>tpdhthf;fpaq;fs;
myF: 8 gpiofSk; jpUj;jq;fSk;: re;jpg; gpioiaePf;Fjy; - typkpFk;>kpfhtpjpfs; - ,ay;GGzh;r;rp>tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp - ufu>wfuNtWghLfs; - yfu>sfu>ofuNtWghLfs; - zfu>dfu>efuNtWghLfs;
ghh;it E}y;fs;
ghlk;: Rtbapay;
(mUe;Jizg; ghlk; - gpw Jiw khzhf;fu ;fSf;Fk; cupaJ) ghlj;jpl; ;lk ;
Nehf ;fk ; : jkpH ;r ; Rtofspd ; Bjhw ;wk ; tsu ;r ;r p gw ;w pa [k ; gjpg ;g [ Kiwfisg ; gw ;w pa [k ; bghJthd
e piyapy ; mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ;/tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 1:
Rtbapay; - mwpKfk ;: brhw ;bghUs; - Rtoa paypd; Behf ;fk ; - Rtofspd; Bjhw ;wKk ;
tsu ;r ;r pa [k ; - vGJbghUs;fs ; - VL jahupj ;jYk; gjg ;gLj;jYk ; - Rtofspd;
mikg;g [ - Rtofspd ; tif.
myF - 2:
mopTk ; jpul ;LjYk;: mHpt [ - Rto jpul ;Ljy ; - rA ;f fhyk ; - nilf ;fhyk ; -
gpw ;fhyk; - Rto jpul ;Lk ; Kiwfs; - Rto jpul ;Ljypd; gad; - Rtofisg; gFj ;jy ; -
fhj ;jy ;.
myF - 3:
ghl NtWghL: brhw ;bghUs; - ghl BtWghl;od; tiffs; - nlk; - bghUs; - fhyk ;
- totk; - jd;ik – vz; - BtWghL Bjhd;wf ; fhuzA;fs ; - kdg;ghlj;j py pUe ;J
cUthjy; - jw ;brayhf e pfH ;jy ; - bjupe ;Bj bra ;jy ; - FHg;gA ;fshy; e pfH ;jy ; -
eilahy; cUthjy;.
myF - 4:
%yghlk ; - mwpKfk ;: K}yghlk ; brhw ;bghUs; - Bjhw ;wKk ; tsu ;r ;r pa [k ; - bghJ
ne ;j pa ehl ;oy ; - jkpH ;ehl ;oy ; K }y ghl Ma;t [ Bjhw ;wk ; bgw ;w tuyhW.
myF - 5:
%y ghlk ; - Ma;Tk; Nju ;Tk ;: Rtofis tifg ;gLj;Jk ; Kiw – tHp VLfs; -
Rtofspd ; fhyk; mwpjy ; - tupirg ;gLj;Jjy ; - BtWghLfisf ; Fw pj ;jy ; - K }yghlj ;
Bju ;t [ Kiw – mfr ; rhd;Wfs ; - g [wr ;rhd;Wfs; - Ma;t [ e piyapy ; Bju ;jy ;.
myF - 6:
gjpg ;G Kiw mwpKfk ;: gobaLj;jy ; - r pf ;fy ; e Pf ;Fk ; tHp – vGj;J Kiw – ghl ;L
mikg;g [ - xg ;g pLk ;gzp – k Pl ;LUthf ;fk ; - gjpg ;g [ tif – gjpg ;g [ Kd;Bdhofs; -
Rtog ; gjpg ;g pd ; fhyk; - tHpfhl ;oBahu ; - fUj;J jpul ;oa Kiw – Kd;Diu –
ghoBdhu ; tuyhW.
myF - 7:
gjpg ;Gg ; gzpfs;: gpu pg ;g [ Kiw – gpu pg ;g [ - tud;Kiw – e pWj ;jw ; Fw pfs ; -
mof;Fw pg ;g [ - Ma;tlA ;fy ; - brhy;yilt[ - Ma;t [ Kiw – gjpg ;g [iu – bghJf;
bfhs;iffs;.
myF - 8:
mr ;R: mr;R Kiw fz;fhzpg ;g [ - brhe ;jg ;gjpg ;g [ - e piwt[iu – bjhlu ; Ma;t [fs;.
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. g{. Rg ;g pukzpak ; , - Rtoapay ;,
cyfj ; jkpHhuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; ,
brd;id – 113.
r pjk ;guk ;.
3. k.rh. mwpt [ilek ;g p - gjpg ;g [r ; r pe ;jidfs; , uh$ uhB$!;th p
g [j ;jfhyak; , brd;id, 2005.
4. k.rh. mwpt [ilek ;g p - Rtoapay ; fiyr ;brhy ; tpsf ;f mfuhjp
fUkzp gjpg ;gfk ; , g [Jr ;Brh p , 2007.
5. k.rh. mwpt [ilek ;g p - Vl ;oyf ;f pak ; , fUkzp gjpg ;gfk ; ,
g [Jr ;Brh p , 2008.
******
jhs;: ghujpahh; (mUe;Jizg; ghlk;) ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fk; : jkpH ;r ; Rtofspd ; Bjhw ;wk ; tsu ;r ;r p gw ;w pa [k ; gjpg ;g [ Kiwfisg ; gw ;w pa [k ; bghJthd
e piyapy ; mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ;/tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 1: tho ;f ;if tuyhW
nsikg;gUtk; - fhr pf ;Fg ; g [wg ;ghL – murpay ; g puBtrk ; - e pBtjpjh jhprdk; -
g [Jr ;Brh p thH ;f ;if – ftpaurh ; gl ;lk ; - mkuj ;Jtk;.
myF - 2: ghujpahupd; ftpijfs;
ghujpahh pd ; ftpj ;j pwd; - Bjrpak ; - bgz;Zhpik – naw ;if jhprdk; - ghujpa pd ;
fy;t pf ;Bfhl ;ghLfs; - ghujpa pd ; mwpt pay ; ghh ;it – ehl ;Lg ;g [wg ; ghly;fspd;
jhf ;fk ;.
BjhHd; - jha ; - je ;ij – r Pld; - rw ;FU – Brtfd;.
myF - 4: Fapy ;ghl ;L
jd;Dzh;r ;r pg ; ghl ;L – Fapypf ;fhjy; - FuA ;Ff ;fhjy; - khl ;Lf ;fhjy; -
khDlf;fhjy; - Fapy ;ghl ;Lk ; Btjhe ;jf ;fUj ;JfSk;.
myF - 5: ghQ;rhyp rgjk ;
fhg ;g paf ;TWfs; - ghq ;rhyp rgjKk ; murpaYk; - bgz; tpLjiy – rK}f
tuyhw ;Wg ; g pd ;dzp – fhg ;g pj ; jiyik khe ;ju ;fs; - nyf;f pa eak ;.
myF - 6: ghujpahupd; trdftpij
myF - 7: ghujpapd; ciueil
ghujpa pd ; eil – ghujp ciueilapy ; nizg;g [ cj;j pfs; - ghujp ciueilj;
jpwDk; , fUj;Jg ; g [yg ;ghLk; - ghujpa pd ; ciueilapy ; mwpt pay ; jk pH ; - ghujpa pd ;
ciueilapy ; jkpH pdk ; - ghujpa pd ; qhdujk;.
myF - 8: ghujpAk ; gj ;j ph piffSk;
RBjrkpj ;j pud; - ne ;j pah - gpw gj;j pu piffs;
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. v!;. tp$aghujp , „kfhftp ghujp – xU jpwdha ;t [„
thdjp gjpg ;gfk ; , brd;id, 1978.
2. uFehjd; , „ghujp fhyKk; fUj;Jk ;, e pa [ brq;Rh p g [f ; #t[! ; g piuBtl;
ypk pbll ; , brd;id, 1982.
3. rpw ;g p (bjhFg ;g [ ) , „kfhftp ghujp kjpg ;g PLfs;, Bfhyk ; btspa PL, bghs;shr ;r p ,
1981
gy;fiyf;fHfk; , Bfhit.
5. „ghujpahh ; ftpijfs; , kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ; , brd;id, 1997
6. T.H. Irf ; „ghujpahu ; ftpij E]y ;fs; Fw pj ;j Ma;t [fs ; xU kjpg ;g PL, rhKBty;
******
ghlj;jpl;lk; ghl vz;: TAML 109 ghlkjpg;G: 3 kjpg;Gfs; (3 Credits)
Nehf;fq;fs;
2. ehl;Lg;Gwr; rpwhh; tof;fhWfs; njhlh;ghd gy Ma;Tf; $Wfisj; jkpopaw;Gyk; khzth;fs; kw;Wk; gpw Jiw khzth;fSk; mwpe;J nfhs;sr; nra;jy;.
myF – 1 : mwpKfk;
rpwhh; tof;fhWfs; - tpisahl;Lfs; - tiuaiw – rpwhh; tof;fhWfspd; ,ay;Gfs; - rpwhh; tof;fhWfis tifg;gLj;Jjy;. myF – 3 : tpisahl;Lfs;
rpwhh; tpisahl;Lfs; - rpWth; tpisahl;Lfs; - rpWkpah; tpisahl;Lfs; - Foe;ij tpisahl;Lfs;. myF – 4 : rpwhh; ghly;fs;
mikg;G Kiw – jd;ikfs; - nghUslf;fk; - tpisahl;Lg; ghly;fs; - Nfyp fpz;ly; - tpdhtpil – vz;fs; - ehg;gpwo;T fw;gjq;fs;. myF – 5 : ghy; ghFghl;Lf;$Wfs;
ghy; ghFghL – tpsf;fk; - nkhopapy; ghy; ghFghLfs; - ghy; ghFghLk; rkaKk; - rpwhh; tof;fhWfspy; ghy; ghFghl;Lf; $Wfs;. myF – 6 : muq;ff; fiyf;$Wfs;
muq;fk; - ntsp – epfo;j;JjYk; ghh;itahsh;fSk; - fijahly; - rpwhh; tof;fhWfspy; muq;ff; fiyf;$Wfs; - tpisahl;L ntsp. myF – 7 : rpwhh; tof;fhWfSk; tho;f;ifr;R+oYk;
ehNlhb tho;T – epiyj;j tho;T – czTKiw – njhopy;Kiwfs; - Njh;j; jpUtpoh. myF – 8 : rpwhh; tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;
Foe;ijrhh; nghUl;fs; - rpwhh;fs; nghUl;fs; - rpWth;fs; nghUl;fs; - rpWkpah;fs; nghUl;fs;. ghl E}y;fs;
1. %.fUzhepjp> ‘ehl;Lg;Gwr; rpWth; tpisahl;Lfs;’> ghh;f;fh;> nrd;id> 2002.
2. rh. irkd; [hd;> ‘rpwhu; tof;fhWfs’ (,ay;GfSk; r%ftakhjYk;) ty;ypdk; ntspAPL GJr;Nrup-8> 2006
3. ,uhkehjd; - rz;Kfk; rpWkpau; tof;fhWfs; fht;ah ntspaPL> nrd;id> 2007
ghu;it E}y;
*****
jhs;: njhy;fhg;gpak; - nrhy;yjpfhuk; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 201 ghlkjpg ;G : 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
Nehf ;fk ; : njhy;fhg ;g pahpd ; nrhy;ypyf;fzf; Nfhl ;ghLfis
gapw ;Wtpj ;jYk; Ma;Tg ; Nghf ;if cUthf;FjYk;
myF - 1: jkpH py ; Bjhd;w p tsh ;e ;Js;s brhy;y pyf ;fz E]y ;fis bghJ mwpKfk; bra ;jy ;
brhy; vd;gij tpsf ;Fjy; - brhy ; gFg ;g [ Kiwfis tpsf ;Fjy; - brhy; vd;w
gad;gLj;jg ;gLk ; Kiwfis tpsf ;Fjy ; - ne ;j tpsf ;fA ;fs; bghJthf mika [k ;
myF - 2: bjhy;fhg ;g paj ;j pd ; r pwg ;g [f ;fisa [k ; bew pg ;ghLfisa[k ; tpsf ;Fjy; - f pstpahf ;fk ; -
bgah ;f ;fhuzk; - nUjpiz Ik;ghw ; brhw ;fs; - tGt[k ; tGtikjpa [k ; - jpiz
tGtikjp – ghy; tGtikjp – nl tGtikjp – brg ;g [ tGtikjp – tpdh
tGtikjp kug [ tGtikjp - bjhlhpay ; ghh ;itfs;.
myF - 3: Btw ;Wikapay ; - Btw ;Wikapd ; tifa [k ; , bgaUk ; - Kjy ; Btw ;Wik – VG
Btw ;Wikfs; - cUg[fs; , bghUs;fs;.
myF - 4: Btw ;Wik kaA;f pay ; - bghUs; kaf ;fk ; , cUg[ kaf ;fk ; - xU bghUspy ; NUUg [
kaA ;Fjy; - MFbgah ; - tpspkug [ tpspBaw ;Fk ; bgah ;fs ; - cah ;j pizg; bgah ;
tpspBaw ;wy ; - tpspBayhg ; bgah ;fs; - tput [g ; bgah ;fs ; tpspBaw ;wy ; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 5: bgahpay ; - bgahpd ; jd;ikfs; - ehy ;tifr ; brhw ;fSf;Fk ; bghJepiy –
cah ;j pizg; bgah ;fs; - m|wpizg; bgah ;fs ; - tput [g ; bgah ;fs;.
myF - 6: tpidapay ; - tpidr ; brhy;y pd ; bghJ nyf;fzk; - cah ;j pizf;Fh pa bjhpe piy
tpid – jd;ikbahUik tpidKw ;W – jd;ikg ; gd;ik tpidKw ;W –
glh ;f ;ifbahUikf;Fh pad – glh ;f ;ifg ; gd;ikf ;Fh pad – cah ;j pizf;Fh pad.
myF - 7: m|wpizj; bjhpe piy – glh ;f ;if xUik tpidKw ;W – glh ;f ;ifg ; gd;ik
tpidkw ;W – m}|w pizf; Fw pg ;g [ tpid – tput [t pid – Kd;dpiy tpidKw ;W –
tpaA ;Bfhs; tpidKw ;W – tpidbar ;rk ; bgabur ;rk ; - fhy tGtikjp.
myF - 8: nilapay ; - nilr ;brhy ;y pd ; nyf;fzk; - tiffs; - jj;jk ; Fw pg ;g py ; bghUs;
bra ;Ftd – mirepiyfs; - nir e piwaha ; tUtd – vz;zpilr ; brhw ;fs ; -
chpa pay ; - brhw ;fs; - Fw pg ;g [g ; gw ;w p tUtd – xUbrhy; xU bghUl;Fh paJ –
xUbrhy; gy ; bghUl ;Fh paJ – gybrhy ; xUbghUSf;Fh pad – gz;g [ gw ;w p tUtd -
nirgw ;w p tUtd – chpr ;brhy ; : bghUs; czUk; e piy.
myF - 9: vr ;rtpay ; - bgah ;f ; fhuzk; - bra ;a [s ; xHpg [ - ehy ;tifr ; brhw ;fs; - bra ;a [s ;
tpfhuk ; - bkhHp g [zhpay ;g [ - tHf ;f pyf ;fzj;J xHpg [ - bjhifr ; brhw ;fs; -
Btw ;Wikj ; bjhif – ctkj; bjhif – tpidj;bjhif – gz;g [j ;bjhif –
ck;ikj;bjhif – md;bkhHpj ; bjhif.
myF - 10:
mLf;F – xu brhy; mLf;F – nir e piw – mir e piy – bghUBshL g [zh ;jy ;
mirepiy mLf;F – tpidKw ;W vr ;rA ;fs ; - gph pe piy vr ;rk ; - tpidbar ;rk ; -
bgabur ;rk ; - xHpa pirvr ;rk ; vjh ; kiwbar ;rk ; - ck;ikbar ;rk ; - vdbtd; vr ;rk ; -
Fw pg ;bgr ;rk ; - nirbar ;rk ; - brhy;byr ;rk ;. kug [xHpg [ - mitay;f pstp –
nuj;jy ;f pstp – tHf ;F bew pahy ; tUtd – Fwpg ;g [bkhHp – Kd;dpiyr ; brhy ; -
xUbghUs; nUbrhy ; - xUik, Kd;dpiy Rl ;oa bgah ;fs ;.
%y E}y;fs;: njhy;fhg ;g pak ; - nrhy;yjpfhuk ;
ciufis mog;gilahff ; bfhz;L tpdhf ;fs; mikjy; TlhJ.
ghh ;it E}y;fs; :
******
jhs;: fhg;gpaq;fs; (rpyk;G> Nkfiy) ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 202 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credi ts)
Nehf ;fq ;fs ; :
2. fhg ;g paf ; Bfhl ;ghLfis czu;j ;Jjy;.
3. r pyk ;g [ , Bkfiyapd ; gilg;g [j ; jd;ikfis btspg ;gLj ;Jjy;.
myF - 1: fhg ;g paj ; Bjhw ;wj ;j pw ;fhd gpd;dzpfs; - Bkiyehl ;Lf ; fhg ;g paA ;fs; -
tlbkhHpf ;fhg ;g paA ;fs; - jkpH p ;y ; fhg ;g paA ;fs; - jkpH py ; fhg ;g pa tuyhW.
myF - 2: fhg ;g pak ; gw ;w pa jpwdha ;t [f ; fUj;Jfs ; - mup! ;lhl ;oy ; , Mgu; f puhk ;g p
Bghd;Bwhupd ; fUj;Jfs; - tlbkhHpa py ; fhg ;g pa nyf;fzk; - jkpH py ; fhg ;g pa
nyf;fzk; - ciuahrpu pah ;jk ; fUj ;Jfs; - jkpH ;j ; jpwdha ;thsu ;fs;jk ; fUj ;Jfs;.
myF - 3: rpyk ;g [ fhg ;g pa mikg;g [Kiw fhz;lA ;fs ; - fhijfs; - r pyk ;g pd ; fhg ;g pa Behf ;fk ;
- fij e pfH ;r ;r pfs; - fijTWk; Kiw – ehlff ;TWfs; - bjhd;kf ;TWfs; -
fpisf ;fijfs;.
myF - 4: rpyk ;g pd ; r pwg ;g [f ; TWfs; - fiyfspd; btspg ;ghL – fw ;gidj;j pwk ; -
mzpeyd;fs; , brhy ;yhl ;r p , eilj;j pwd;fs; - cj;j pfs;.
myF - 5: fijkhe ;ju ; gilg ;g [ – Bfhtyd; , fz;zfp, khjtp Bghd;w Kjd;ikf ;
fijkhe ;ju ;fs; - ft [e ;j p , beLq;brHpad; , khlyd;, khjup Bghd;w Jizikf;
fijkhe ;ju ;fs;.
myF - 6: rpyk ;g py ; tuyhw ;Wf ; Fw pg ;g [fs ; Bru, BrhH, ghz;oa gpw kd;du ; gw ;w pa Fw pg ;g [fs ;
- r pyk ;g py ; rkar ; bra ;j pfs; - rkzf;fhg ;g pak ; - rka xuikf; fhg ;g pak ; -
bgz;zpaf ; fhg ;g pakh?
myF - 7: kzpBkfiyapd; fhg ;g pa mikg ;g [ Kiw – fhz;lA ;fs ; fhijfs; - fhg ;g pa
Behf ;fA ;fs; - fij e pfH ;t [fs ; - fijTWk; Kiw – fpisf; fijfs;.
myF - 8: kzpBkfiyapy ; rkar ;bra ;j pfs; - rkaf ; fhg ;g pak ; - bgsj;jf ; fUj ;Jfs; -
kzpBkfiyapy ; tuyhw ;Wf ; Fw pg ;g [fs ; - bgz;zpaf ; fhg ;g pakh?
myF - 9: kzpBkfiyapd; r pwg ;g [f ;TWfs; - fw ;gidj;j pwd; - mzpeyd;fs; - brhy;yhl ;r pfs ;
- cj;j pfs ;.
myF - 10: fijkhe ;ju ; gilg;g [ - kzpBkfiy, Rjkjp , cjaFkhud; , mwtz mofs; Bghd;w
jiyik khe ;ju ;fs; - Mg[j ;j pud; , Mjpiu, fharz;oif, kzpBkfyh bja ;tk ;
Bghd;w jizik khe ;ju ;fs;.
ghlE}y;fs; :
1. r pyg ;gjpfhuk ; , (c.Bt.rh gjpg ;g [ ) c.Bt.rh E]y ; e piyak ; , brd;id.
2. kzpBkfiy, (bgh.Bt.BrhkRe ;judhu ; ) fHf btspa PL, brd;id.
******
jhs;: rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 203 ghlkjpg;G: 3 kjpg;Gfs; (3 Credits) ghl Nehf;fk;: jkpHpy ; cs;s rpw ;w pyf;fpa tiffspy ; Kf;fpakhd rpytw;iw
mwpKfk; nra;Jitj;J khzth;fspd; gog;ghh ;tj;ijj; J}z;ly;.
myF - 1 rpw ;wpyf;fpa mwpKfk; ; : jkpH ; nyf ;f pa tifikfspy ; r pw ;w pyf ;f pa tif - r pw ;w pyf ;f paj ;j pw ;fhd bghJ
nyf;fz tiuaiw - r pw ;w pyf ;f pa fhyk; - gz;ila nyf;f paA ;fspy ;
r pw ;w pyf ;f paf ; TWfs; - r pw ;w pyf ;f par ; r pwg ;g [fSk; jdpj ; jd;ikfSk;.
myF - 2 gps;isj;jkpo ;: jpUr ;nre ;J}h ; KUfd; gps;isj;jkpo ; gps ;isj ;jkpH ; nyf;f paj ;j pd ; Bjhw ;wKk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; - jdp nyf;f pakhf
cUg;bgWjy ; - gps ;isj;jkpH ; nyf;fzKk; mjpy ; fhZk; befpH ;t [fSk; -
Mz;ghw ; , bgz;ghw ; gUtA;fs; - jpUr ;bre ;J]h ; KUfd; gps ;isj ;jkpH ; - E]y ; ,
Mrph pah ; bghJ mwpKfk;.
ghlg;gFjp: mk;Gypg ;gUtk; (kl;Lk;) “fiyahy; e puk ;ghj fiy cz;L cdf ;F . . . .
“kapy ; flt[ KUfDld; mk;g [y P MlthBt”
myF - 3 guzp: fypq;fj ;Jg;guzp: guzp bgah ;f ;fhuzk; - gz;ila nyf;f paA ;fspy ; fhZk; guzp nyf;f pa
cWg;g [fs; - bgah ;bgWk; Kiw. fypA ;fj ;Jg ;guzp: E]y ; mwpKfk ;.
ghlg;gFjp: fhL ghbaJ. (kl;Lk;) fhl ;L kuA ;fs; , tpyA ;Ffs; , gwitfs; , fhl ;od; btk;ik, fhl ;oy ; f pilf ;Fk ;
bghUs;fs ; Mfpatw ;iwg ; ghoaJ.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
“kzy; xd;W fhzhky ; tiuvLj ;J kaA ;f pdBt”. ghly; : 1-22
myF - 4 me;jhjp: mgpuhkp me;jhjp me;jhjpa pd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - rA ;f nyf;f paA ;fspy ; me ;jhjpf ; TWfs; me ;jhjpa pd ;
nyf;fzk; - me ;jhjp tiffs;. mgpuhkp me ;jhjp - E]y ; mwpKfk;.
ghlg;gFjp: md;idiag; Bghw ;wy ; - md;idapd; jpUtor ; r pwg ;g [ - Kw ;g pwtpa py ; ey ;t pid -
Kj;bjhHpYf ;Fk ; chpats ; - md;idaJ mUspy ; vspik - md;idapd ; tpaj ;jF
fhl ;r p - mwpthw ;wy ; - jhprdk; - e pd ;Wk ; nUe ;Jk ; f ple ;Jk ; ele ;Jk ; e pidg ;gJ -
mwpthw ;wy ; - jhprdk ; “e pd ;Wk ; nUe ;Jk ; f ple ;Jk ; ele ;Jk ; e pidg;gJ cd;id. .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . “kiwfpd ;w thh pj pBah g [uzhrykA;fiyBa”.
myF - 5 J}J: jkpo ;tpL J}J J]J nyf;f paA ;fspd ; Bjhw ;wKk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; - g [wj ;j piz - mfj;j piz J]J -
J]Jf ;Fh pa bghUl;fs; -
J]J nyf ;fzk; - bgah ;bgWk; Kiw - jkpH ;t pL J]J - E]y ; mwpKfk;.
ghlg ;gFjp : jkpGf ;F BjtBuhL cs;s bjhlh ;g [ - jkpiH jdf;Fj ; J]J Bghf
Btz;ly ; - jkpBH J]JBghf rpwe ;jJ vdf;Twy;.
……………………………
“Fd;W midaha ; cd;DlBd TWBfd;”. (91 -112)
myF - 6 cyh: FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; cyh
cyhtpd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - cyh nyf ;fzk; - jrhA ;fk ; Twy; - kfsph ; tpisahl;L -
cyhtpy ; fhZk; bghJr ;bra ;j pfs ; - FByhj;JA ;f BrhHd; cyh.
ghlg;gFjp: ahidNky; cyhtUjy ; kd;dUk; kz;lyPfUk ; R{H tUjy; - ahid, Fjpiu
Kjypa gilfSk; kf ;fSk; cld; tUjy; - khfjh ; , kA ;fyg ; ghlfh ; thH ;j ;J -
kd;didf;fhz kf ;fs ; Tl;lk ; - khjuhu ; Tw ;W.
“Bte ;jh ; bjhGJ niwq;r, Btjpah ; xj ;bjLg ;g”
……………………
“tisj;jhd ; , mUk ;g [ cyfpy ; kha ;j ;jhd;”. (fz;zpfs ; : 76 -121)
myF - 7 fyk;gfk;: jpUf;fhtY}h ;f ; fyk;gfk; bgah ;f ;fhuzk; - fyk;gfj ;j pw ;fhd nyf;fzk; - fyk;gf cWg;g [f ;fs ; - Kjy ;
fyk;gf rpw ;w pyf ;f pak ; - jpUf ;fhtY]h ;f ; fyk;gfk ; - E]y ; mwpKfk; - E]ypd ;
jdpr ;r pwg ;g [.
ghlg;gFjp: nBaRgpuhdpd; Bjhs;fspd; bgUik – Bjt md;idapd ; jttypik –
mUikbgUikfs; - md;idf ;F Brit bra ;jy ; - jpUj ;jyr ; r pwg ;g [ - md;idapd;
jpUtofisg; Bghw ;Wjy; - g [a tFg;g [ , jtk; , fhyk; , nilr ;r p , kwk ; Mfpa 5
cWg;g [fs; kl ;Lk ;.
........................
“ghypd ; e Ph ; Bjhd;w p ehZtha ;”.
myF - 8 rjfk;: Kfpapj ;j Pd ; rjfk; Bjhw ;wKk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; - bgah ;f ;fhuzk; - rjf nyf;fzk; - Kfpa pj ;j pd ; rjfk; -
E]y ; mwpKfk; , E]y ;r pwg ;g [.
ghlg;gFjp: Kfpa pj ;j Pd ; Mz;lifia Bjhj ;j puk ; bra ;jy ; , Fiwapue ;J ghLjy;.
“MjpKd; e pw ;fBt mfJ cfJ thfpj pa ;aJ”
........................
“tskUs; e piwFzA;Fo thGk ; vd; nUfz; kzpBa kfpa pj ;j PBd”.
myF - 9 FwtQ;rp : Fw;whyf;FwtQ;rp. gz;il nyf;f paj ;j py ; Fwtq;r p nyf;f paf ;TWfs; - Fwj;j pg ;ghl ;L – Fwtq;r pa py ;
ehlff ;TWfs; - Fw ;whyf ;Fwtq;r p – E]y ; mwpKfk;.
ghlg;gFjp: gtdp fhz te ;j bgz;fspd; Bgr ;R – tre ;jty ;y p tUif – tre ;jty;y p ge ;jhLk;
fhl ;r p.
........................
“ge ;jof ;Fk ; ghtidiag; ghh ;f ;f , mad; Mapuk ; fz; gilj;j pyhBd”. (16 -19)
myF - 10 gs;S: Kf;$lw;gs;S gs;S nyf;f pa tifapd; Bjhw ;wKk ; , tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; - nyf;f paf ; TW – thpf ;Tj;J,
cHj;j pg ;ghl ;L, Kjy; nyf;f pak ; - gs;S nyf;fzk; - bgah ;f ;fhuzk; - gs;S
nyf;f paj ;j py ; fhZk; ehlff ;TWfs; - mfj;j pizg; bghUl ;fs; - gs ;S Xh ; Vry;
nyf;f pak ; - Kf ;Tlw ;gs;S – E]y ; mwpKfk ;.
ghlg;gFjp: gs;spah ; rz;il – %j;j gs;spa [k ; nisa gs;spa [k ; xUtiubahUth ; FiwTWk;
gFjp – “Kl;of ;fhw ; gz;iz ahz;Bl eLf ;BfshBuh”.
........................
Jiz E}y;fs;:
1. jpU e.t P.brauhkd; , r pw ;w pyf ;f par ;bry ;tk ;. kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ; , r pjk ;guk ; , 1967/79 .
2. jpU K.rz;Kfk;g ps ;is, r pw ;w pyf ;f pa tsh ;r ;r p , kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ; , r pjk ;guk ; ,
1967/1981.
3. jpU F.Kj;Juhrd; , r pw ;w pyf ;f par ; r pe ;jidfs; , Bjd;jkpH ; gjpg ;gfk ; , Bryk ; , 1980
******
ghlk;: xg;gpyf;fpak;: Xu; mwpKfk; ghlj;jpl;lk;
ghl vz; : TAML 204 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
Nehf ;fk ; :
myF - 1: xg;g pyf ;f pak ; : - xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; vd;why ; vd;d vd;gij tiuaWg;gjpy ; cs;s
rpf ;fy ;fs; - tiuaiw – vy ;iy – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; gw ;w pa gpbuq ;R kw ;Wk ; mbkhpf ;f
ehl ;lthpd ; tiuaiwfs; – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; - cyf nyf;f pak ; - bghJ nyf;f pak ; -
Bjrpanyf ;f pak ; - nd;d gpw – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; bghUs; tpsf ;fk ; - Behf ;fk ;.
myF - 2: jhf ;ff ; Bfhl ;ghL: – Bghyr ;bra ;jy ; - jhf ;fj ;Jf ;Fk ; Bghyr ; bra ;jYf;Fk ; cs;s
BtWghL – jhf ;f Ma;tpd ; bew pKiwfs; - jhf ;f Ma;t [ Jg ;g [Jyf ;Ftjw ;F
nizahdJ – jhf ;f Ma;tpd ; Behf ;fk ; - jhf ;fj ;ija [k ; mjd;tHp nuz;lhk ;
gilg;ghshpd ; TLjy; gA ;fspg ;iga [k ; mwpjy ; - jkpH py ; nf ;Bfhl ;ghl ;il Vw ;w
vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;LfSld; bghUj;j pg ;ghh ;j ;jy ; - niztiufs;.
myF - 3: tuBtw ;g [f ;Bfhl ;ghLk ; e piyBgwhf ;fKk ; - jhf ;fj ;j pw ;Fk ; tuBtw ;g pw ;Fk ; cs;s
BtWghL – gilg;ghsd; - thrfd; - kjpg ;g Pl ;lhsh ; - btspa Pl ;lhsd; -
bjhlh ;g [ila gpw – nyf;f pa tuBtw ;g [ - nyf;f pa cstpay ; - nyf;f par ; rK }ftpay ;
- jukhd gilg ;ghspfisa [k ; , gilg ;g [fisa [k ; k Pl ;blLj;jy ; - jkpH py ;
nf ;Bfhl ;ghl ;il Vw ;w vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;LfSld; bghUj;j pf ; fhl ;Ljy;.
myF - 4: nyf;f pa tifikf; Bfhl ;ghL – nyf;f pa tifikfspd ; cUthf ;fk ; -
tifg ;gLj;Jjypy ; cs;s rpf ;fy ;fs ; - xg ;g pyf ;f paj ;j py ; tifik Ma;t [ - tifik
tuyhW – nyf;f pa naf;fk ; - nyf;f pa tifikfl;f pilBaahd cwt[ Kiwfspd ;
Ma;t [ - tifikfs; ehL tpl ;L ehL gut[jy ; - gpbuq;R xg ;g pyf ;f pathjpfspd;
Th;jywf ; Bfhl ;ghL – nyf ;f pa tifikf;Bfhl ;ghL – cyf mstpy ; nyf ;f pa
tifik – jkpH py ; nyf;f pa tifik – jkpH py ; nyf;f pa tifg;ghl ;Lg ; Bghf ;F –
jkpH py ; tifik Ma;tpw ;fhd jdpa plk ; - ghl ;oay ; fhl ;Lk ; nyf;f pa tifik –
nd;d gpw.
myF - 5: mof;fUj ;j pay ; Bfhl ;ghL: – mof;fUj ;j pay ; vd;why ; vd;d – mof;fUj;J vDk;
brhw ;bghUs; tpsf ;fk ; - mof;fUj ;J vt;thW cUthfpwJ – l ;UBrhd; (bgy;$pak ; )
|gpuhd;!py ; (b$u ;kd ; ) #hupbytpd ; (mbkupf ;fh) Mfpatu ;fspd; mof;fUj ;Jf ;fs;
gw ;w pa tiuaiwfs; - #pl ;Byupad; mof ;fUj;J – g [BuhkjPa!; mof;fUj ;J –
jkpH py ; mof;fUj ;J – mfypif mof;fUj;J – ee ;jd; mof;fUj;J – kJiu t Pud;
mof;fUj ;jJ – mof;fUj;ij xg;g pl ;L Ma[k ; Kiw – mof;fUj ;Jf ;Fk ;
Jizf;fUj;Jf ;Fk ; cs;s cst[ - nd;dgpw.
myF - 6: nyf;f paj ;j pw ;Fk ; nd;dgpw fiyfl ;Fk ; nilBa cs;s cwt[ –
fiyfSf;f pilBaahd bfhs;t pid, bfhLg ;g pid – cstpay ; rK }ftpay ; -
nyf;f pak ; - fiyfs; vt ;thW xd;iwbahd;W tsu ;j ;Jf ; bfhs;f pd ;wd – fiyfs;
xd;BwhL xd;W vt ;thW tpsf ;fk ; bgWfpd;wd – fiy nyf;f paA ;fSf;f pilBaahd
xg;g [ik - tuyhW kw ;Wk ; rK }f nyf;f paA ;fs; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 7:
nyf;f pa fhyk; - nyf;f pa naf;fk ; - nyf ;f pag ; ghuk ;gu pak ; - nyf;f pa tuyhW
– fhyA;fSk; nyf;f paA ;fSk; - naf ;fA ;fSk; nyf ;f paA ;fSk; - naf;fA ;fSk;
gilg;ghsu ;fSk; - naf;fA ;fSf;Ff ; fl ;Lg ;glhj gilg ;g [ - xBu gilg;ghsd;
gynaf;fg ; Bghf ;Ffis cl;bfhs ;sy; - B&f;! ;g paiu ve ;jbthU naf;fj ;j pw ;Fk ;
fl ;Lg ;gl ;ltu ; vd;W TwKoahJ – xBu gilg;g pw ;Fs; gy naf;fA ;fspd; jhf ;fk ;
nlk; bgWjy;.
ghh ;it E}y;fs;:
1. rr ;r pjhde ;jd ;.it xg;g pyf ;f pak ; Xu ; mwpKfk ; - Mf;! ;Bghu ;L a [dptu ;r pl ;o.
2. jkpHz;zy xg;g pyf ;f pak ; Xh ; mwpKfk ; - k Pdhl ;r p g [j ;jf e piyak; kJiu –
1973
3. ifyhrgjp. f.xg ;g pay ; nyf;f pak ; - ghl ;lhspfs; btspa PL , brd;id
1978
******
ghlj;jpl;lk; ghl vz;: TAML 205 ghlkjpg;G: 3 kjpg;Gfs; (3 Credits)
:

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
2.1.
2.2.
3.1.
3.3.
3.4.
5.1.
6.2.
7.3.
7.4.
8.1.
8.2.
:
1. , , , 2008.
2. , , , 2009.
3. , , , 2007.
:
.
.
jhs;: r%ftpaYk; ,yf;fpaKk; ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fk;:
jkpH ;bkhHp kw ;Wk ; nyf;f pa Ma;tpaypy ; g pwJiwg; ghh ;it juty;yJ, vDk;
mog;gil Behf ;f py ; mikag;bgw ;wBj „rK}ftpaYk; nyf;f paKk; vDk;
ghlkhFk;. ng;ghlk ; ga py ;Bthu ; g pwJiw mwpita [k ; Ma;tpay ; Kiwikiaa [k ;
(Research Methodology) xUA ;Bf bgWth ;. gog ;gjpy ; Mh ;tk ; fhl ;Lth ;.
myF - 1:
nyf;fz, nyf ;f paj ;j py ; rK }jhag ; ghh ;it:
nyf;fz, nyf ;f paA ;fspd; tuyhw ;Wg ; g pd ;dzp. nyf ;f paA ;fspd; cUtk ; ,
cs;slf ;fk ; - gilg ;g [k ; rK }jhaKk; - rK }ftpay ; mog;gilf ; Bfhl ;ghLfs; -
nyf;f paj ;j py ; rK }ftpay ; mZFKiwapd ; nd;w paikahik.
myF - 2:
bjhy;fhg ;g paj ;j py ; r% }ft pay ; ghh ;it – mwpKfe piyapy ; bjhy;fhg ;g paj ;j pd ;
tuyhw ;Wg ; g pd ;dzp – bkhHpf ;Fk ; rK }jhaj ;j pw ;FKs;s cwt[ - bjhy;fhg ;g pak ;
nyf;f paj ;j pw ;fh my;yJ thH ;f ;iff ;fh Bghy ;td. .)
ghlg ;gFjp - fw ;g pay ;
fw ;g [ tpsf ;fk ; - fuzj; (j pUkzk; ) jpw ;fhd gpd;dzp – guj;ijah ; xGf;fk ; -
mfkzj;jpw ;fhd Bjhw ;Wtha ; - brhy;yhly ; czh;j ;Jk ; r% }fg ;g pd ;dzp.
myF - 3: ;
rA;f nyf;f paj ;j py ; r% } }ft pay ; ghh ;it – mwpKf e piyapy ; rA ;f nyf;f paj ;j pd ;
r% } }fg ;g pd ;dzp – cUtk; , cs;slf ;fk ; - FLk ;gk ; - rA ;f nyf;f paj ;j pd ;
r% } }fg ;g pd ;dzp – cUtk ; , cs;slf ;fk ; - FLk;gk ; - cwt[Kiw Kjypad . . .
ghlg ;gFjp - GwehD}W
g[wehD]w ;Wf ; fhyr ; r% }fe piy - fiya [k ; fiyqDk; - tWika [k ; mjw ;fhd
gpd;dzpa [k ; - mGj;jg ;gl ;l fiyqh;fs; - bfhilapd ; kWgf ;fk ;.
myF - 4:
mwnyf ;f paj ;j py ; r% } }ft pay ; ghh ;it – mwpKf e piyapy ; mwnyf;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; -
mwk; ciuj;jy ; - cUtk ; , cs;slf ;fk ; - rkak; Kjyhd . . .
ghlg ;gFjp - jpUf;Fws;.
r% }f e piy – ts;Sthpd ; rkj;Jtr ; r pe ;jid – murpay ; r pe ;jid – mwd;
typa [Wj ;jy ; - kdpjBeak ;.
myF - 5:
fhg ;g paj ;j py ; rK }ftpay ; ghh ;it: mwpKf e piyapy ; fhg ;g paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; - cUtk; ,
cs;slf ;fk ; - fhg ;g pa kug [ - rkak ; , Kjypad, . . .
ghlg ;gFjp - kzpNkfiy.
r% }fe piy – rkae piy – mwf;Bfhl ;ghL – ghj ;j pug ; g pd ;dzp – gilg;g pd ;
nyf;F.
myF - 6:
ehl ;Lg ;g [w nyf ;f paj ;j py ; rK } }ftpay ; ghh ;it – mwpKf e piyapy ; ghlA ;fspd ; r% }fg ;
g pd ;dzp – cUtk; , cs;slf ;fk ; , cj ;j p – vspik – Bghy ;td . . .
ghlg ;gFjp - ehl ;Lg ;Gwf ; fijfs;.
th ;f ;fk ; - rhjp – kug [ , kug [ k Pwy ; - czh;t [ - Kog [
myF - 7:
rpw ;w pyf ;f paj ;j py ; rK }ftpay ; ghh ;it – mwpKf e piyapy ;
r pw ;w pyf ;f paj ; Bjhw ;wk ; - cUtk ; , cs;slf ;fk ; - rkak; - rK }fk ; Bghy;td
ghlg ;gFjp - ehl ;Lg ;Gwf ; fijfs;.
gs;S nyf;f paj ;j pd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - ghLbghUs; - th ;f ;fk ; - rkak; - Kjyhtd . . .
myF - 8:
jw ;fhy nyf;f paj ;j py ; rK } }ftpay ; ghh ;it – mwpKf e piyapy ;
rK } }f khw ;wA ;fs; - ehl ;Lg ;gw ;W – bkhHpg ;gw ;W – ndg;gw ;W – eilKiwr ;r pf ;fy ;fs; -
Bghy ;td
ghlg ;gFjp - %. t. tpd; “mfy;tpsf;F” Gjpdk ;
ghj;j pug ;gilg;g [ - gilg;g [g ; g pd ;dzp – gilg ;g pd ; nyf;F – rK}f kug [ -
fijapd; Kot [.
Fwpg ;G:
ghlj ;j pl ;lj ;j py ; cs;s mwpKfe piy vDk; ghlg ;gFjpia tpsA ;f pf ; bfhs ;t jw ;fhd
gpd;dzpahf mikf;fg ;bgw ;w pUg ;gjhy; tpdhf ;fs; mjpypUe ;J t pdtg; bgWjy ;
TlhJ. vdBt tpdhf ;fis chpa ghlg ;gFjpia mog;gilahff ; bfhz;l vy;yh
myFfspypUe ;Jk ; bghJepiyapy ; mDkjp Bfhly; Btz;Lk ;.
ghh ;itf;fhd E}y ;fs;:
1. mwthzd; f.g, jkpH ; nyf;f par ; rK } }ftpay ; , jkpH ;f ; Bfhl ;lk ; , Bkhfd; efh ; ,
g [Jr ;Brh p.
2. ifyhrgjp. f, rK }ftpaYk ; nyf;f paKk; , vd ;r pg pvr ; , brd;id - 48.
3. Bfrtd;. Bfh, Kf ;Tlw ;gs ;S – xU rK}ftpay ; ghh ;it, md;dk ; btspa PL,
r ptfA ;if.
4. Rg ;g pukzpad;. eh. jkpH ; Ma;tpaypy ; fyhe pj p ifyhrgjp , rt [j ;t prd; , brd;id -
2
5. ghyRg ;g pukzpad; F.bt, rA ;f nyf;f paj ;j py ; rK } }f mikg;g [fs;.
6. khh ;f ;! ;. m, r pw ;w pyf ;f pak ; r py Fwpg ;g [fs ;.
7. thdkhkiy eh, khh ;f ;r pa rK }ftpay ; , vd;r pg pvr ; , brd;id – 48
8. $hd; rhKBty ;. $p , nyf;f paj ;j py ; rKjhag ; ghh ;it, Ie ;j pidg ; gjpg ;gfk ;
brd;id
9. gh!;fy ; f py ;gh ;l ; , rK }ftpaypy ; mog;gilf ; Bfhl ;ghLfs; kw ;Wk ; bjhlh ;g [ila
E]y ;fs;.
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf ;fk ;: bgz; nyf ;f paf ; bfhs;iffisj; jkpH p ;y ; cs;s bgz; vGj;jhsh ; r pyuJ
nyf;f paA ;fis vLj;Jf ; fhl ;lhff ; bfhz;L fw ;g pj ;jy ; vd;gJ ng;ghlj;j pd ;
Behf ;fkhfpwJ.
myF - 1:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fs; k Pjhd rpy Kf ;f paf ; fUj;jhf ;fA ;fs; gw ;w pa mwpKfk; - bgz;
nyf;f paA ;fs; vd ;why ; vd ;d? – bgz; nyf;f pa tuyhW – bgz; nyf;f pag ;
ghuk ;gh pak ; - bgz; nyf;f paf ; bfhs;iffs; vd;gd gw ;w pa tpsf ;fA ;fs;.
myF - 2:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fisg; gFj ;Jf ; fw ;Fk ; Kiw – bgz;ik nyf;f pak ; - bgz;zpa
nyf;f pak ; - bgz; nyf;f pak ; vd;w goe piyfspy ; bgz; nyf;f paA ;fisg; gFj;Jf ;
fw ;g pj ;jy ;.
myF - 3:
jkpH py ; rA ;f fhyk ; Kjw ;bfhz;L nd;Wtiu bgz; gilg;ghsh ;fspd; nyf ;f pag ;
gA ;fspg ;g pidg ; bghJ e piyapy ; mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ; - jkpH ;g ; bgz; vGj;jhsh ;fs;
fhye ;BjhWk; Mw;w p tUk; ftpijg ; gA ;fspg ;iga [k ; 20 Mk; E]w ;whz;od ;
bjhlf ;fj ;j py pUe ;J ftpij, g [j pdk ; , r pWfij Bghd;w nyf;f pa totA;fisg ;
gad;gLj;j pj ; jA ;fSf;fhd brhe ;j nyf;f paj ;jsj;ijj ; jkpH ;g ; bgz;Zyfk;
fl ;oaikj;Js ;sikia tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 4:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fisg; bgz; Behf ;f py ; fw ;g pj ;jy ; - Mz; gz;ghl ;Lf ;Fg ;
g [we piyapy ; nire ;jthWk ; mfepiyapy ; khWgl;Lk ; xypf ; f pd ;w bgz;Fuy;fis bgz;
nyf;f paj ;Js; fz;lw pjy ; - bgz;Zf;Bf chpa naw ;ifg ; bgz;ik – bgz; cly;
kw ;wk ; kdk; rhh ; bra ;j pfs; - khjtplha ; - fhkk ; - fhk cWg;g [fs; gw ;w pa
bra ;j pfs; - fUj;jh pg ;g [ - fw ;gk ; - FHe ;ijg ; g pwg ;g [ - ghY]l ;ly ; , FHe ;ij tsh ;g ;g [
nd;d gpw bgz;ikg ; bghUz;ikfisg ; bgz; nyf;f paj ;Js; fz;L fw ;g pj ;jy ;.
myF - 5:
bgz; nyf;f pag ; ghLbghUl; bfhs ;if gw ;w pa mwpKfk; - rA ;f fhyk; Kjw ;bfhz;L
nUgjhk ; E]w ;whz;L tiuapyhd bgz; vGj;jhsu ;fspd; nyf;f paf ; bfhs;if –
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspd; ghLbghUs;fspy ; e pyt [k ; mog;gilahd nUikg; bghUs;
my;yJ nul;ilf ;Fuy; (Double t a lk) – bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspd ; igj;j pag ; (Hyster ical )
gz;gikg;g [ kw ;Wk ; bgz; nyf;f pag ; ghLbghUs;fshfg ; gutyhff ; ifahsg ;gLk;
„rBfhjhpj ;Jtk; (S is t erhood) – „nby!;g pad; fhkk ; (Lesb ian Sexu al i t y) – jha ; kfs;
cwt[ „ (Mother Dau ghte r Relat ionsh ip ) kw ;Wk ; nd;d gpwtw ;iw tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 6:
bgz; nyf;f pa bkhHp gw ;w pa mwpKfk; - bgz; nyf;f pa bkhHp vd;gJ
xLf;fg ;gl ;l ndj;j pd ; bkhHp vd;gij tpsf ;Fjy; - bgz; nyf;f pa bkhHpa pd ;
brhy;yikg;g [ , bghUsikg ;g [ , bjhlh ; mikg;g [ , bkhHpeil, tpsk ;g [ Kiw nd;d
gpwtw ;iw tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 7:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspd; mHfpay ; cj;j pfs; gw ;w pa tpsf ;fk ; - mzp eyd;fs ; -
ctkk ; - cUtfk ; - re ;je piyg; ghLfs; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 8:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspy ; ghj ;j pu thh ;g ;g [fs ; - Mz; ghj ;j pug ; gilg;g [fs ; - bgz;
ghj ;j pug ; gilg;g [fs ; - jiyik khe ;jh ; gilg;g [fs ; - ghj ;j puA ;fl ;F Kot [ jUjy ; -
nd;d gpw.
myF - 9:
bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspy ; bgz; cstpaiyf; fz;lw pjy ; - bgz; nyf;f paA ;fspy ;
gz;ila bgz; gz;ghl ;Lf ; Twfisf ; fz;blLj;jy ; - bgz; gz;ghl ;L bkhHpiaj;
Bjof ; fz;L tpsf ;Fjy; - gy e piyfspYk ; Mz; nyf;f paA ;fspdpd ;W bgz;
nyf;f paA ;fs; BtWgl;L tpsA ;Fk ; jd;ikapid tpsf ;Fjy; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 10:
gpd; bgz;zpak ; (Post Feminism) bgz; nyf;f pak ; gw ;w p Kd; itf ;Fk ; bra ;j pfs; -
gpd ; bgz;zpa nyf ;f paA ;fspd ; (Post Feminis t Li te ra ture) gz;g [fshf nUf;fj ;jf ;fd
gw ;w pa bra ;j pfs ; - gpd ; bgz;zpa nyf;f paf ; bfhs ;ifahsh ;fs; gw ;w pa mwpKfk ; -
b#yd; r pf ;!h!; (Hel ene Cixous) , Y]r p nhpfuha ; (Lu ce I r iga ray s) , $Pypah
fpw p! ;Bjth (Ju l i a Kr i s teve) , nd;d gpw.
ghl mbg ;gil %yq;fs;:
1. rA;f nyf ;f paj ; bjhFg ;g [f ;fspy ; nlk ; bgw ;Ws;s bgz;ghw ; g [yth ;fspd;
ghly;fspy ; r py.
2. fhiuf ;fhy ; mk;ikahh ; kw ;Wk ; Mz;lhs; Bghd;w gilg ;ghsh ;fspd; gilg;g [fspy ;
r py.
3. jkpH ;g ; bgz; ehtyhrph pah ;fspd ; ehty;fspy ; r py.
4. jkpH ;g ; bgz; r pWfijahrph pah ;fspd ; r pWfijfspy ; r py.
5. Showal t er , E lain e (1977) , A Li t erature o f th ei r o wn, Br i t i sh Wo men No vel i s t s f ro m Bronte to
Less in g, P r ince ton , N. J .P r inceton Univer s i t y P ress
1 . Gilber t , Sandra M. and Gu bar , su san (1979) , The ma d wo men in the At t i c : Th e wo men wr i te r
and the Nineteeth Century Li te rary Imagina t ion , New Haven , Yale Univer s i t y .
7 . Moi Tor i l , Sexu al /Textu al Po l i t ics : Feminis t Li te ra ry Th eory, Rout l ed ge, Londo n, (1991)
(Repr in ted)
ghlk;: ehl;Lg;GwtpaYk; Nfhl;ghLfSk;
(mUe;Jizg;ghlk;) ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fk;:
myF - 1:
„ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; vd;w brhy;y pd ; tpsf ;fk ; - Bkiyehl ;lhh ; jUk; tpsf ;fk ; -
jkpH ;r ;R {Hypy ; nr ;brhy ; gad;gLj ;jg ;gLk ; Kiwfs; - ehl ;Lg ;g [w tHf ;fhWfs;
vy ;iya [k ; gug ;g [k ;.
myF - 2:
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; g pw g [yA ;fSk; - ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; nyf;f paKk; -
ehl ;lg ;g [wtpaYk ; khdpltpaYk ; - ehl ;Llg ;g [wtpaYk; rK }ftpaYk; - ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk;
bkhHpa paYk; - ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; tuyhWk ;.
myF - 3:
g[uhztpay; Bfhl ;ghLfs; - ne ;j paf ; Bfhl ;ghLfs; - tpsf ;fk ; - Bjhw ;wk ; -
tsh ;r ;r p e piyfs; - e piwfs; - Fiwfs;.
myF - 4:
tuyhw ;W e pytpay ; Bfhl ;ghL – tuhw ;W k Pl ;LUthf ;ff ; Bfhl ;ghL – tpsf ;fk ; -
Bjhw ;wk ; - tsh ;r ;r p e piyfs; - e piwfs; - Fiwfs;.
myF - 5:
fUj;JUf ; Bfhl ;ghL – bray;ghl ;Lf ; Bfhl ;ghL – tpsf ;fk ; - Bjhw ;wk ; - tsh ;r ;r p
e piyfs; - e piwfs ; - Fiwfs;.
myF - 6:
csg;gFg ;gha ;t [f ; Bfhl ;ghL – mikg ;g pay ; Bfhl ;ghL – tha ;bkhHp tha ;ghl ;Lf ;
Bfhl ;ghL – tpsf ;fk ; - Bjhw ;wk ; - tsh ;r ;r p e piyfs; - e piwfs; - Fiwfs;.
myF - 7:
gz;ghl ;oil xg ;g Pl ;Lf ; Bfhl ;ghL – kf ;fs;j pus ; gz;ghl ;Lf ; Bfhl ;ghL – tpsf ;fk ;
- Bjhw ;wk ; - tsh ;r ;r p e piyfs; - e piwfs; - Fiwfs;.
myF - 8:
miua [yff ; Bfhl ;ghL – R{Hypay ; Bfhl ;ghL – tpsf ;fk ; - Bjhw ;wk ; - tsh ;r ;r p
e piyfs; - e piwfs ; - Fiwfs;.
ghl E}y ;fs;:
Y]h ;J Bj. ehl ;lhh ; tHf ;fhw ;w pay ; r py mog;gilfs; , ehl ;lhh ; tHf ;fhw ;w pay ;
Ma;t [ ikak; ghisaA ;Bfhl ;il, 1997.
2. nuhkehjd; MW. ehl ;lg ;g [wtpay ; Ma;t [fs; , kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ; , brd;id,
18.
3. rf ;j pBty ; R. ehl ;Lg ;g [w nay; Ma;t [ , kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ; brd;id-18,
1995
jhs; ;: ,yf;fpaj;jpy; njhd;kk; (mUe;Jizg; ghlk;)
ghlj;jpl; ;lk; ghl vz;: TAML 209 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
myF - 1: bjhd;kk ; - brhw ;bghUs; tpsf ;fk ; - gHik – bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; - bjhd;ik – gpw
tpsf ;fA ;fs;.
myF - 2: g[uhztpay; - brtptH pf ; fijfs; - gHkug [f ; fijfs; - rh pj ;j puk ; - niwikf;
fijfs; - guk ;giuf ; fijfs; - BtWghLk; g pwt [k ;.
myF - 3: nyf;f paj ;j py ; gyTWfs; - bjhd;kk ; nlk;bgWjy; - gad;ghL – Bjit –
cj;j pfs; - Vida TWfs;.
myF - 4: bjhd;kBk nyf;f pakhtJ – K }yg ;bghUs; - khw ;wA ;fs; - Vw ;g [ eilKiwr ;
bra ;j pfs;.
myF - 5: bjhd;kA ;fspd; tiffs; - e pytpay ; - rkag ;g pd ;dzp – bjhHpy ; - bkhHp – FGf;fs;
- ek ;g pf ;iffs; - gpw.
myF - 6: jkpH ;e pyk ; - bjhd;kA ;fs; - tsh ;r ;r p – fyg;g [fs; - khw ;wA ;fs; g pd ;g [yA ;fs; -
kf ;fspd; kdg ;ghA ;F – flt[s ; (KUfd; Bghd;whh ; ) khe ;jh ;fs ; (fz;zfp Bghd;whh ; ).
myF - 7: ne;j paj ; bjhd;kk ; - bghJepiy – bkhHpahf ;fk ; - fyg;g [W e piy – njpfhrA ;fs ; -
rFe ;jiyfij – mhpr ;re ;j pud ; fij – gpw.
myF - 8: cyfj; bjhd;kk ; - Mjhk; Vths ; - VRehjh ; - rkar ; rhh ;g [j ; - bjhd;kA ;fs ; -
bjhlh ;g [ila gpw.
myF - 9: rkaf ; fijfs; - g [j ;jh ; fijfs; - mUfd; - niwaoahh ; fijfs; -
jpUtpisahly;fs ; - gpw.
******
ghlk;: khh;f;rpaKk; ,yf;fpaKk; ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 210 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits) ghlk ; : (mUe;Jizg; ghlk;)
Nehf ;fk ;:
khh ;f ;r paj ;ija [k ; khh ;f ;r pa nyf;f paf ; Bfhl ;ghLfisa[k ; mwpKfg ;gLj;j p mtw ;iw
jkpH ;r ;R {Hypy ; bghUj;j pg ; ghh ;f ;Fk ; Kiwfis tpthjpj ;jy ;.
myF - 1:
khh ;f ;r pd ; thH ;f ;if tuyhw ;iw tpsf ;Fjy; - khh ;f ;r pd ; nsikf ;fhyk ; -
gj ;j ph pf ;ifapy ; vGJjy; , gzpahw ;Wjy; - kzthH;f ;if – gpuhd;R thH ;f ;if –
yz;ld; thH ;f ;if – % }yjdk ; vGjpa fhyA ;fs; - fl;r p mw pf ;if btspa pl ;l
fhyA;fs; - khh ;f ;Rf ;Fk ; VA ;bfy;! ;Fkhd bjhlh ;g [fs ;.
myF - 2:
r% }ft pay ; Bfhl ;ghLfs; - !;bgd;rh ; - Mf!;l ; Bfk ;Bj – vkpypJh ;fa ;k ; MfpBahh ;
r% }ft pay ; bjhlh ;ghf mwpe ;Js;s tpsf ;fA ;fisr ; RUf ;fkhff ; fhZjy; - xU
r% }fj ;ij tiuaiw bra ;tjw ;fhd mog;gilfs; - gpw r% }ft pay ;
Bfhl ;ghLfspypUe ;J khh ;f ;r pa r% }ft pay ; khWgLk ; e piyfs;.
myF - 3:
naf;ftpay ; bghUs; Kjy;thjk ; - Kuz;ghLfspd ; xw ;Wik – e piykWg ;g pd ;
e piykWg;g [ - e piykWg;g pd ; mst[ khWghLk; FzkhWghLk ;
myF - 4:
tuyhw ;Wg ; bghUs;Kjy;thjk ; - Kk ;Kidg;Bghuhl ;lk ; - bghUshjhug ;
Bghuhl ;lA ;fs; - murpay ; Bghuhl ;lA ;fs; - jj ;Jthh ;j ;jg ; Bghuhl ;lA ;fs;.
myF - 5:
nyf;f pak ; - jFjpg ;ghLfs; - jFjpg ;ghl ;Lr ; r pf ;fy ;fs; - Bfhl ;ghLfspd ; % }yk ;
nyf;f paj ;ij mZFjy; - nyf ;f paj ;j py ; fhzg;gLk; bka ;ikapay ; - tpkh ;rd
bka ;ikapay ; - Brhryprbka ;ikapay ; Mfpatw ;iwf ; fhZjy;.
myF - 6:
gpujpgypg ;g [f ; fUj ;J tifik (Refl ec t ion Model ) – Y]fh! ; Fw pj ;j bra ;j pfs ; -
Y]fh! ; nyf;f pak ; Fw pj ;Jf ; TWk ; fUj;Jf ;fs ; - nyf ;f paj ;j pd ; totk; -
brk ;ikahd totk; - bjhlh ;g [gLj;jg ;glhj KGik – Kuz;jh ;f ;fk ;.
myF - 7:
Mf;f e piyf; fUj;J tifik (P roduct ion Model ) nyf;f pak ; Fw pj ;J bkf ;fh pa pd ;
fUj;Jf ;fs; - nyf ;f pak ; vd;gJ Mf;fg ;gLtJ – nyf ;f pa cw ;gj ;j p –
nyf;f paj ;ijg ; gilg;gbjd;gJ rpj ;jhe ;jj ;ij muA;Bfw ;WtJ – bkf ;fhh p
my;J! ;!h ; fUj ;Jf ;fis Vw ;wy ; - rh pahd gilg;g [ khh ;f ;! ; % }yjdk; - Beha ;
Fw pfhl ;lk ; gog ;g [ - bfhs ;ifrhh ; mwpt [ vd;gBj khh ;f ;r pa mwpt [.
myF - 8:
gpwg ;g [ kug [f ; fUj ;J tifik (Gene t ic Model ) – nyf;f pak ; gw ;w pa Y]r pa pd ;
Bfhy ;LBkd; fUj;Jf ;fs; - E]yhrph paUf ;Fk ; gilg;g pw ;Fkhd cwt [ - r% }ff ; FGtpd;
btspg ;ghBl gilg;g [ vd;w thjk; - ve ;j r% }ff ; FGt [k ; r pj ;jhe ;j mwpit
bgw ;Ws ;sJ – gilg ;g [ vd;gJ Tl;L eltof ;ifahy; cUthf ;fg ;gLtJ.
myF - 9:
jkpH ; nyf;f paA ;fspy ; khh ;f ;r pa r pj ;jhe ;jj ;ijg ; bghUj;j pg ; ghh ;j ;jy ; - th ;f ;f
Kuz;fis milahsk ; fhZjy; - Bky ; jl ;Lth ;f ;f e piyfisa[k ; - moj;jl ;L
th ;f ;f e piyfisa[k ; - mwpKf e piyapy ; jkpH ; nyf ;f paA ;fs; vt ;thW
gpujpgypf ;f pd ;wd vd;gijf ; fhZjy;.
myF - 10:
brhw ;fs; - Bkw ;fl ;Lkhdk; - mof;fl ;Lkhdk; - bghUshjhur ; Ruz;ly; - th ;f ;fk ; -
ajhh ;j ;jk ; - tpkh ;rd ajhh ;j ;jk ; - Brhrypr ajhh ;j ;jk ; - th ;f ;f BtWghLfs; -
r% }f Kuz;fs; - muR – rl;lk ; - e pyt [ilik – Kjyhspj ;Jtk;.
Fw pg ;g [ : vy ;yh myFfspypUe ;Jk ; tpdhf ;fs; mikjy; Btz;Lk ;.
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. bfa ;y ;Xk ;btl ; , - th ;f ;fk ; rhjp e pyk ;
nuhrhuhk ; (bkh.bg)
naA;f pay ;,
rz;Kfk; (bkh.bg)
brd;id. M.n.
bfhs ;iffs; fy ;t p e piyaA ;fs ; -
r py Bjhw ;wA ;fs ; BrhkBy
(bkh.bg)
Mg;#p! ;lhh pf ;fy ;
uprh ;r ; e pa {bly ;y p , e pa [brq;Rh p
g [f ; e pWtdk; , kjuh!; , 1989.
4. JA;.kh.Br. - fiya[k ; nyf;f paKk ;
uh$khzpf ;fk ; (bkh.bg)
brd;id, 1988
5. ek ;g {j ph pghl ; , n.vk ;.v!;. - ne;j pa tuyhW – xU khh ;f ;r pa
fz;Bzhl;lk ;
guBk!;tud; , g p.Mh; (bkh.bg)
brd;id g [f ;! ; , brd;id-1988
6. gh!;fy ;f p! ;ghh ;l ;.v!;.Bf. - r% }ft paypd ; mog ;gilfs;,
ehuhazd;., b$.(bkh.bg)
brd;id, 1964.
thjk ;, tuyhw ;Wg ;bghUs; Kjy;
thjk ;
FBshhpah Re ;jukjp ,v! ;.(bkh.bg)
ghh pe piyak ;
Bfrtd; (bkh.bg)
E]y ;fs ;
kzpthrfh ; gjpg ;gfk ;
mZFKiwfSk;
bfhs;iffSk;
brd;id – 1996
13. g Pl ;lh ; bthh ;! ;y p. , - khh ;f ;!`k ; khh ;f ;r paKk ;
gpukps ; (bkh.bg)
Cl;o
1999
14. kA ;ifah ;f ;fur p.r pt., - nyf;f pa naf ;fA ;fs ;
(jkpH ; nyf;f paj ;j pd ; r% }f
tuyhW)
brd;id - 2004
naf ;fA ;fs ;
brd;id - 1994
THEORY)
ghlj;jpl; ;lk; ghl vz;: TAML 211 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
myF - 1: mikg;g pay ; jpwdha ;t [ - mikg;g [ vd ;why ; vd;d – fij kw ;Wk ; ftpij ntw ;w pd ;
KGikf;Fk ; gFjpf ;FkpilBa cs;s bjhlu ;g [ - mfg;g [w mikg;g [ - Jiz mikg;g [
- jkpH ; nyf;f pa gilg;g [f ;fspy ; mikg;g pay ; jpwdha ;it cl;gLj ;j p tpsf ;Fjy;.
myF - 2: xg;g pyf ;f pak ; : - xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; vd;why ; vd;d vd;gij tiuaWg;gjpy ; cs;s
rpf ;fy ;fs; - tiuaiw – vy ;iy – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; gw ;w pa gpbuq ;R kw ;Wk ; mbkhpf ;f
ehl ;lthpd ; tiuaiwfs; – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; - cyf nyf;f pak ; - bghJ nyf;f pak ; -
Bjrpanyf ;f pak ; - nd;d gpw – xg ;g pyf ;f pak ; bghUs; tpsf ;fk ; - Behf ;fk ;.
myF - 3: % }yg ;gotj; jpwdha ;t [ - Tl;L edtpyp – % }yg ; gotA;fs; - % }yg ;gotj ; jpwdha ;t [ -
jha ; % }yg ;gotk ; - flt[s ; K }yg ;gotk; - kfhd; % }yg ;gotk; - FHe ;ij %yg ;gotk ; -
bjhd;kA ;fs; kw ;Wk ; nyf;f paA ;fspy ; % }yg ;got khjph p btspg ;ghL –
% }yg ;gotA;fSf;f pilBaahd cyfg ; bghJik.
myF - 4: bgz;zpaj ; jpwdha ;t [ - Mz; nyf;f paA ;fs; - Mz; nyf;f paA ;fspy ; bgz;
r pj ;j pu pg ;g [ - Mz; ika thrpg ;g [ - bgz; ika thrpg ;g [ - bgz; nyf;f pak ; gw ;w pa
gy;BtW fUj;Jf ;fs ; - bgz; nyf;f paj ; jpwdha ;t [ (GYNO CRITICISM) – bgz;ik
e piy – bgz;zpa e piy – bgz;fs; gilg;g pd ; jdp nay;g [ - bgz; gilg ;g pd ;
Btw ;Wikg; gz;g [ - bgz; ikag; gilg;g [.
myF - 5: gpd;dikg;g pay ; jpwdha ;t [ (POST STRUCTURALISM ) – Xh ; mwpKfk; - 70f ;Fg ;
g pe ;ija nyf ;f paj ; jpwdha ;t pd ; Bghf ;Ffs; - nyf;f pak ; - jpwdha ;t [ - bfhs;iffs;
- ntw ;w pd ; mog ;gil – gpd;dikg;g [ nyf;f par ; r pe ;jidapy ; $hf ;a [! ; yf ;fhd ;
(JACQUES LACAN) – kpB&y; g{f ;Bfh (MICHEL FOUCAULT) , MfpBahh pd ;
gA ;fspg ;g [.
2. gftjp , F. jpwdha ;t [ mZFKiwfs;,
cyfj ; jkpHhuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; ,
brd;id, 1989
jhs;: khdpltpaYk; - ,yf;fpaKk; ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
ghl vz;: TAML 212 ghlkjpg ;G: 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits) Nehf;fk; :
1. khdpltpaiyg; gw ;w pa mwpKfk ;
2. jkpH ; Ma;tpYk; g pwJiwia nizj;J Ma;t [ bra ;a [k ; Bghf ;f pid tsh ;j ;jy ;
myF - 1:
khdpltpaypd; Bjhw ;wk ; - mhp! ;lhl ;oypd ; bfhs ;if – khdpltpaypd; cyfk; jGtpa
tsh ;r ;r p – fpw pj ;Jtr ; rkaj;j pdUk; khdpltpaYk; - khdpltpay pd; je ;ij –
ne ;j pahtpy ; khdpltpaypd; tsh ;r ;r p
myF - 2:
khdpltpay ; g ph pt [fspd ; mwpKfk; - cly;rhh ; khdpltpay ; - gz;ghl ;L khdpltpay ; -
bjhy;y pay ; - bkhHpa pay ;
myF - 3:
rhjp Kiw – rhjp Kiwapd; tiffs; - ne ;j par ; rhjpKiw – rhjpf ; bfhs ;iffs; -
kug [f ; bfhs ;if – bjhHpw ; bfhs;if – rkaf ; bfhs ;if – murpaw ; bfhs;if –
gokyh ;r ;r pf ; bfhs;if – FoCHpa Kiw.
myF - 4:
rka ek ;g pf ;iffSk; thH ;t paYk; rkaj;j pd ; Bjhw ;wk ; - Mtpa [yff ; Bfhl ;ghL –
caph pak ; - Fyf ;Fw pa pak ; - Kd;Bdhh ; tHpghL – g [dpjj ; jd;ikia
Vw ;gLj;j pa [s ;sik – rlA ;F Kiwfs; - kf ;fs; thH ;t py ; rkaj ;j pd ; gA ;F
myF - 5:
czt[ Nl ;LjYk ; gh pkhw ;w KiwfSk; - bghUspay ; Kiwfs; - ghpkhw ;wKk ; gfph ;e ;J
bfhs;SjYk; - bghJg;goahd ghpkhw ;wk ; - rkr ;r Ph ; gh pkhw ;wk ; - Fyg; gh pkhw ;wk ; -
FoCHpa Kiw – tpUe ;Jg ; gh pkhw ;wk ; - bksdg; gh pkhw ;wk ; - md;gspg ;g [g ;
gh pkhw ;wk ; - kWgA ;f Pl ;L Kiw.
myF - 6:
myF - 7:
rpw ;w pyf ;f paA ;fspy ; rka thH;t paiy nizj;J mwpKfk; bra ;jy ;
myF - 8:
gz;ila nyf;f paA ;fspy ; gh pkhw ;wf ; Bfhl ;ghLfis mwpKfk ; bra ;jy ;
ghh ;itf;fhd E}y ;fs;:
1. gz;ghl ;L khDltpay ; : gf ;jtr ;ry ghujp.
2. rA ;f nyf ;f pak ; (rK } }f khDltpaYk; Ma;t [f ; fl ;Liufs; ) r pyk ;g [. eh.
bry;tuhR. mdpr ;rk ;.
3. bghpag [uhz Ma;t [khiy: bghpag [uhz nyf;f pa Ma;t [ khehL, thuzhrp.
Fwpg ;G:
rpWtpdhf ;fs; Kjy; 5 myFfspy ; mike ;Jk ; bgUtpdhf ;fs ; g pd ; 3 myFfspy ;
mike ;Jk ; tUjy ; eyk;.
jhs; ;: fk;guhkhazk;
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fk; : jkpH py ; cs;s fhg ;g paA ;fspy ; r pytw ;iw mwpKfk ; bra ;J itj;J khztu;fspd;
gog ;ghu ;tj ;ijj ; J]z;ly ;
myF - 1: mwpKfk ;
fhg ;g pak ; tpsf ;fk ; - fhg ;g paf ; TWfs; - fhg ;g pa tiffs; - jkpH ;f ;fhg ;g paA ;fspd ;
Bjhw ;wKk ; tsh ;r ;r pa [k ; - fk ;guhkhazk; bghpag [uhzj;j pd ; fhyk; - fhg ;g paj ;
Bjhw ;wj ;j pw ;fhd R{Hy; - E]yhrpu pau ;fspd ; tuyhW – fhg ;g pa mikg;g [k ; tpsf ;fKk; -
fhg ;g paj ;j pd ; r pwg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 2: ghyfhz;lk ;
myF - 3: mNahj ;j pah fhz;lk ;
Ffg;glyk; mwpKfk; - Ffdpd; tUif – Ffd; nuhkd; re ;j pg ;g [ - Ffd;
Btz;LBfhs ; - nyf ;Ftd; fhj ;J e pw ;wy ; - nuhkdpd ; fl ;lis – Ffd; tpil bgwy;.
myF - 4: Muzpa fhz;lk ;
khh Prd; tijg ;glyk; - mwpKfk ; - nuhtzd; khh Prd; re ;j pj ;jy ; - nuhtzd;
Btz;Ljy; - khh Prd; mwpt [iu – nuhtzd; Kdpjy ; - khh Prd ; cld;gly ; - khakhd;
gw ;w pa fUj;J tpthjA ;fs; - nuhkd; bjspjy ;.
myF - 5: fpl ;f pe ;jh fhz;lk ;
thyp tijg;glyk; mwpKfk; - Rf ;u Ptd; thypiag ; BghUf ;F miHj;jy ; - jhiu
tpyf ;fYk; thypa pd ; kWg ;g [k ; - nuhkd; nyf;Ftd; khWghL – thyp Rf ;u Ptd ; Bghu ;
- nuhkid thyp nfH;jy ; - thypa pd ; kdkhw ;wk ; - thyp t PLBgW miljy;.
myF - 6: Re ;ju fhz;lk ;
fhl ;r pg ; glyk; mwpKfk; - r Pijapd; Jau e piy – nuhkidf; Fw pj ;j giHa
e pidt [fs; - r Pij jpu prilaplk ; cw ;wJiuj;jy ; - jpu pril ew ;Fw pg ;gad; ciuj;jy ; -
muf ;f pau ; e piy – r Pijapd; tUj;jj ;ij mDkd; fhZjy; - mDkd; bjspjYk;
kfpH ;jYk;.
myF - 7: Aj ;j fhz;lk ;
nuzpad; tijg; glyk; mwpKfk; - nuzpad; nay ;g [k ; Vw ;wKk ; - gpufyhjdpd;
nay;g [fs ; - gpufyhjDf;F me ;jzd; kiw XJtpj ;jy ; - vl ;blGj;j pd ; bgUik –
gpufyhjidf; bfhy ;yg ; gzpj ;jYk; mtd; ca ;jYk; - nuzpad; gpufyhjd;
ciuahly; - gpufyhjdpd; tuKk ; eur pA ;fg ;bgUkhdpd ; mUSk;.
ghl E}y ;fs;:
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. fk;gd ; nyf;f pa cj;j pfs; - r.Bt.Rg ;g pukzpad;
2. jkpH ;f ;fhg ;g paA ;fs; - f p.th. $fe ;ehjd;
3. fk;gd ; - g [j paghu ;it – m.r.qhdrk;ge ;jd ;
4. fk;gu ; - t.Rg.khzpf ;fk ;
******
(mUe;Jizg; ghlk;)
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fq;fs;:
gA;fspg;ig tpsf;Fjy;.
myF - 1:
rpWgj;j pu pif (r pw ;w pjHfs; ) gw ;w pa tpsf ;fk ; - bgUk ; gj ;j pu piffSf;Fk ; ,
r pWgj;j pu piffSf;Fk ; cs;s BtWghLfs; - r pWgj;j pu piffspd; tiffs; - murpay ;
naf ;fr ; rhu ;g pd – nyf;f pa naf;fr ; rhu ;g pd - fiy, nyf;f par ; rhu ;g pd - rK }f
naf;fr ; rhu ;g pd.
myF - 2:
murpay ; naf ;fr ; rhu ;ghd rpw ;w pjH ;fs; - jhkiu, brk ;kyu ; , g [j pa fyhr ;rhuk ; , kd
Xir Bghd;wit – bghJt [ilikf; fl ;r p rhu ;ghd nyf ;f pa, rK }fr ; r pw ;w pjHfs; -
mtw ;w pd ; Behf ;fKk ; cs;slf ;fKk ; - gilg;g [fs ; , jpwdha ;t [fSf;F mtw ;w pd ;
gA ;fspg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 3:
nyf;f pa naf;fr ; rhu ;ghd rpw ;w pjH ;fs; - 1930 fspy ; cUthd kzpf ;bfho Kjyhd
rpw ;w pjH ;fs ; 1940 fspy ; btspg ;gl ;l fpuhk CHpad; , BjdP , Rje ;j pur ;rA ;F
Bghd;witfspd; gA ;fspg ;g [.
myF - 4:
1950fspy ; cUthd „vGj;J njGk ; , mjd; gA ;fspg ;g [k ; - mjd;tHp te ;j eil,
frljgw, ahj ;uh Bghd;witfspd; gA ;fspg ;g [fs ; - nyf ;f pa njHhf nUe ;jit
fiy nyf;f pa njH ;fshf khw ;wk ; bgw ;wik – bkhHpbgaug ; ;g [ Kaw ;r pfs; ru!;tjp ,
rhe ;j p Bghd;wtw ;w pd ; gA ;fspg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 5:
1970fspy ; btspte ;j thdk;gho naf ;fKk; „thdk;gho njGk ; - g [j pa jiyKiw,
nyf;f pak btsptl ;lk ; - gupkhzk; , gofs; , g puf ;iq Bghd;w njH ;fspd ;
gA ;fspg ;g [k ; mtw ;w pd ; g pd ;dzpfSk; - fizahHp , j Pgk ; Bghd;wtw ;w pd ;
gA ;fspg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 6:
1980fspy ; btspte ;j r pw ; w pjH ;fs ; fhyr ;RtL, e pfH ; , tpUl ;rk ; , k Pl ;r p , fy;Fjpiu,
giw, BkYk; Bghd;w njH;fSk; mtw ;w pd ; nyf;f pa, tpku ;rd Behf ;fA ;fSk; -
bkhHpbgau ;g ;g [ Kaw ;r pfs; - „ehlfbtsp- ehlfj;j pw ;bfd;W btspte ;j r pw ;w pjH ;.
myF - 7:
fiy nyf ;f pa, rK }f naf;fj ; jsj ;j py ; braw ;gl ;l r pw ;w pjH ;fs; - jypj ;j pa –
bgz;zpaf ; fUj;JfSf;F Kjd;ik mspj ;j r pw ;w pjH ;fs; - e pwg ;g pu pif, g [j pa
BfhlhA ;f p jypj ; KuR, kDrA;f Bghd;wtw ;w pd ; gA ;fspg ;g [fs ;.
myF - 8:
may; ehLfspypUe ;J btsptUfpd;w r pw ;w pjHfs; - nyA ;ifapypUe ;j ky;y pif, miy
Bghd;wit – nyA;ifj; jkpHu ; g [yg ;bgau ;t pw ;Fg ;g pd ; btsptUk; r pw ;w pjHfs; -
capu ;bka ; , fhyf ;Fw p , gd;Kfk; , capu ; e pHy ; ; Bghd;wit.
myF - 9:
rpWgj;j pu piffSk; mzprhu ;g [g ; g pd ;g [yA ;fSk; , jdpkdpj rhly ;fSk;
rhu ;g [j ;jd;ikfSk; - RgkA;fsh Bghd;w mzprhuhr ; r pw ;w pjH ;fs;.
myF - 10:
rpWgj;j pu pif cUthf ;f Kd;Bdhofs; - uFehjd; , r p.R. bry;yg ;gh,
ty;y pf ;fz;zd;, Re ;ju uhkrhkp , utpf ;Fkhu ; , Bfhky ; Rthkpehjd; , uA ;fuh$d; ,
r p.kzp , qhdf ;Tj;jd; Bghd;Bwhupd ; gA ;fspg ;g [fs ;.
ghu ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. ty;ypf ;fz;zd;, jkpH py ; r pWgj;j pu piffs; , Ie ;j pizg; gjpg ;gfk ; , brd ;id, 1991.
2. qhdp , „r pw ;w pjH ; tsu ;j ;j jkpH ; khu ;f ;r pa mHfpay ; , fht ;ah, bgA ;fS]u ; , 2002
(gf ;. 136-154).
3. n.Re ;juK }u ;j ;j p , kh.uh.muR, ne ;j pa tpLjiyf;F Ke ;ija jkpH ; njH ;fs; ,
(bjhFjpfs;1 ,2,3 ,4 ) cyfj; jkpHuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; , brd;id, 2004
4. nyf;f pa njH;fs; , cyfj; jkpHuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; , brd;id.
5. m.kh.rhkp , jkpH ; njH;fs; - Bjhw ;wk ; tsh ;r ;r p , etkzpg ; gjpg ;gfk ; , brd;id,
1987
*****
(Kjy; Ie;J ,ay;fs;) ghlj;jpl;lk;
Nehf ;fk ; : gHe ;jkpHh pd ; mfg;g [wf ; Bfhl ;ghLfisj; bjhy;fhg ;g pag ; bghUsjpfhu (1 -5)
K }yA ;fisf ; bfhz;L fw ;g pj ;jy ;. bjhy;fhg ;g pah pd ; mfg; g [wf ; Bfhl ;ghl ;Lr ;
r pe ;jidfspy ; ; fhzg;gLk; td;ik, bkd;ikfisr ; Rl ;Ljy;.
myF - 1: nJtiu vGe ;Js;s mfg;g [wj ; bjhlh ;ghd E]y ;fisg; bghJthf mwpKfk; bra ;jy ;.
myF - 2: bjhy;fhg ;g pag ; bghUsjpfhuj ;j pd ; KGg;bghJf ; fl ;likg ;iga [k ; tpth pj ;jy ;.
myF - 3: mfj;j pizapay; : jpiz gw ;w pa fUj;J tpthjA ;fs; - gph pt [fs ; - cld;Bghf ;f py ;
BjhHp – ew ;wha ; - fz;Blhh ; - Tw ;Wf ;fs ; - iff ;f pisf ; Fw pg ;g [f ;fs ; -
bgUe ;j pizf; Fw pg ;g [f ;fs ; - g [ybew p tHf ;fk ; - nA;F Rl ;lg ;gLk ; mfj;j piz
kug [fs;.
myF - 4: g[wj ;j pizapay; : mfg;g [wj ; jpizfSf;Fu pa bghUj;jA ;fs; - btl ;r pj ;j pizapd ;
bghJ nyf;fzk; - btl;r pj ;j pizapd; Bghh ;r ;bray;fs; - tq;r pj ;j pizapd ;
Bghh ;r ;bray;fs; - cHpiqj ;j pizf;Fh pa vz;tifj; Jiwfs; - nUbgU
Bte ;jh ;f ;Fh pa cHpiqj ;Jiwfs;.
myF - 5: Jk;igj; jpizapd ; bghJ nyf;fzk; - Jk;igapd ; Bghu ;j ;Jiwfs; - thifapd;
bghJ, r pwg ;g [ nyf;fzA;fs; - thifj ; jpizf;Fh pa Jiwfs; - thifapd ; kw,
mwj; Jiwfs;.
myF - 6: fhq;r pj ; jpizapd ; r pwg ;g [ nyf;fzk; - fhq ;r pa pd ; Jiwfs; - e piyahikf;
Bfhl ;ghLfs; - ghlhz;jpizapd; r pwg ;g pyf ;fzk; - BjtUf;Fh pa Jiwfs; -
kf ;fl ;Fh pa Jiwfs; r pw ;w pyf ;f paA ;fspd; Bjhw ;Wtha ;fs; - flt[s ; thH ;j ;Jf ;Fh pait –
ghlhz; Jiwfspd; r pwg ;g [f ;fs ;.
myF - 7: fstpay ; : fst [ vdgjpd; tiutpyf ;fzk; - fhl ;r p , Iak; - bjspt [f ; Fw pg ;gw pjy ; -
naw ;ifg ; g [zh ;r ;r p – nle ;jiyg;ghL – ghA ;fw ;Tl;lk ; - BjhHpaw ;Tl;lk ; -
ghA ;fd; - jiytp , BjhHp , fhkf ;f pHj ;j pah ; , tha py ;fs ; MfpBahh ; Tw ;Wf ;fSk;
fw ;g pay ; thH ;f ;if bew pfSk;.
myF - 9: bghUspay ; : xHpg pay ; vd;w fUj;J tpthjk ; - bghUspay ; itg;g [Kiw – jiytpa pd ;
e piyg;ghLfs; - tiujy; - Btl ;iff ;Fh pa Tw ;Wf ;fs; - BjhHpa pd ; e piyfs; -
kug [fs; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 10: bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; TWk; Fw pf ;Bfhs; khe ;jh ; fUjpa Bfhl ;ghLfs; - elg ;g pay ; thH ;t py ;
bghUj;jk ; - bghUj ;jk ; bgwhj e piyfis tpsf ;Fjy; - bjhy;fhg ;g pah ; TWk;
g [wj ;j pizf; Bfhl ;ghLfspy ; ndf;FGj ; jiyikfspd; btspg ;ghLfisr ; Rl ;Ljy ;.
ghlE}y ; ; :
bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; - bghUsjpfhuk ; - Kjy; Ie ;J nay;fs; K }yk ; kl ;Lk ;.
Fwpg ;G:
1. ciufis mog;gilahff ; bfhz;L tpdhf ;fs; mikaf; TlhJ.
******
(nfhs;if mbg;gilapyhd ghlk;) ghlj;jpl;lk;
Nehf ;fk ; : njhy;fhg ;g paf ; bfhs ;if mog ;gilapy ; rA ;f nyf ;f pag ; ghly;fis khzth;fl ;Ff ;
fw ;g pj ;jy ;.
tpdh mikg;G : ghlj ;j pl ;lj ;j py ; nlk; bgw ;Ws;s bfhs;iffspd; mog;gilapy ; kl ;LBk
tpdhf ;fs ; mikjy; Btz;Lk ;. jdpg ;gl ;l ve ;jr ; rA ;fg ; ghly ;fisa [k ; Fw pg ;g pl ;L
tpdh mikjy; TlhJ.
myF - 1: nyf;f pak ; - rA ;f nyf;f pak ; - mfk; kw ;Wk ; g [w nyf ;f paA ;fs ; - rA ;f nyf ;f paf ;
bfhs;iffs; gw ;w pa mog;gil tpsf ;fA ;fs ; - nd;d gpw.
myF - 2: rA;f mf nyf ;f pag ; bghUl; bfhs ;iffs; gw ;w pa mwpKfk; : Kjw ;bghUl; bfhs ;if
– fUg;bghUl; bfhs;if – chpg ;bghUl; bfhs;if – Kjw ;
fUchpg ;bghUl;bfhs;ifia tpsf ;Ffpd ;w rA ;f mfg ;ghly;fs;.
myF - 3: rA;f nyf;f paA ;fspy ; Kjy; , fUg ;bghUl; bfhs;iffspd; tG e piya [k ; -
chpg ;bghUl ; bfhs;iffspd; tHh e piya [k ;.
myF - 4: rA;f mf nyf;f pag ; ghj ;j puf ; bfhs ;if gw ;w pa mwpKfk ; : jiytd; - jiytp –
BjhHp – brtpyp – guj;ij Mfpa ghj ;j puf ; bfhs;iffs; - rA ;f mf nyf ;f pag ;
ghj ;j puf ; bfhs ;iffis tph pthf tpsf ;Fjy ;.
jiytd; ghj ;j puf ; nfhs;if:- fst[ thH ;t py ; ehl ;lKilatdhf nUj;jy ; - jiytpa pd ; eyk; ghuhl ;ly ; - klBywj;
Jzpjy; - fw ;g [ thH ;t py ; bghUs; kw ;Wk ; guj ;jik kPJ ehl ;lA ;bfhs ;sy; - nd;d
gpw.
jiytp ghj ;j puf ; nfhs;if:- fst[ thH ;t py ; jiytd; k PJ ehl ;lKilatdhf nUj;jy ; - fst[ thH ;t pd ; k PJ
mr;rk ; , ftiy Bghd;w FzA;fisg ; bgw ;wtshf nUj;jy ; - ghiyg ; g ph pt py ; kdk ;
behe ;J thH ;jy ; - Ky;iy thH ;t py ; Mw;w pa pUf ;Fk ; gz;g [ - jiytdpd;
guj ;jikiag ; bghWj ;jy ; - ny;ywf ; flikiag; Bghw ;Wjy; - nd;d gpw.
jiytp ghj ;j puf ; nfhs;if:- jiytpa pd ; eyj;j pw ;fhfBt thH ;jy ; - kjpf ; Th ;ik bgw ;w pUj ;jy ; - kpf ;f ehfhpfg ;
gz;g pidg ; bgw ;w pUj ;jy ; - mwg;gz;g [ k pf ;f pUj ;jy ; - td;jd;ik cilatshf
nUj;jy ; - nd;d gpw.
guj ;ij ghj ;j puf ; nfhs;if:- gz;ghl ;il k PWjy; - jiytpiag ; gHpj ;jy ; - jd;id e pahg ;gLj;j pf ; bfhs;Sjy; -
nd;d gpw.
myF - 5: rA;f mf nyf;f pa ctikf; bfhs;iffs; gw ;w pa mwpKfk; :cs;Siw – niwr ;r p
gw ;w pa bfhs ;iffs; - Vid ctkk ; gw ;w pa bfhs ;iffs; - Kjy ; , fUg ;bghUl;fis
chpg ;bghUBshLk ; , chpg ;bghUs ; khe ;ju ;fBshLk; ctkpj ;jy ; - Kjy ; ,
fUg ;bghUl ;fis Kjy; , fUg ;bghUl;fBshBl ctkpj ;J kiwKfkhf chpg ;bghUBshL
bjhlh ;g [gLj ;Jjy; - Kjy; , fUg ;bghUl ;fis btspg ;gLj ;j p mj;jifa ehld; vd;W
Twp kiwKfkhf ctkpj ;jy ; - kw ;Wk ; nd;d gpw.
myF - 6: bka ;g ;ghl ;Lf ; bfhs;iffs; Xh ; mwpKfk ; : eif Kjyhd vz;tif bka ;g ;ghLfs; -
rA ;fg ; ghly ;fspy ; btspg ;gl ;Ls;s ghd;ikapid tpsf ;Fjy ;.
myF - 7: rA;ffhyg ; g [w nyf;f paf ; bfhs;iffs; Xh ; mwpKfk ; ; btl ;r p – tq;r p – cHpiq –
Jk;ig – thif – fhq;r p – ghlhz; gw ;w pa g [w nyf;f paf ; bfhs;iffs; gw ;w pa
RUf ;fkhd mwpKfk ; - g [w nyf;f paf ; bfhs;iffs; g [wg ;ghly;fspy ; btspg ;gLk ;
ghA ;F.
brd;id – 1937 Mk; Mz;L.
2. g [wehD]W
[ (rhkpehj Iah ; , c.Bt (g.h ; )] yh b$h ;dy ; mr;Rf ;Tlk; (3 -Mk; gjpg ;g [ )
brd;id – 1935.
1. Rg ;g [ bul ;oahh ;. e
bjhy;fhg ;g pak ; fhl ;Lk ; thH ;f ;if
gHdpag ;gh gpuju!;
brd;id – 2002.
2. jkpHz;zy;
rA ;f nyf ;f pa ; xg ;g PL – nyf ;f paf ; bfhs;iffs;
k Pdhl ;r p g [j ;jf e piyak; ,
kJiu – ork ;gh ; 1985.
3. bjhy;fhg ;g pah ;
fHf btspa PL (kWgjpg ;g [ )
brd;id – 1969.
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf ;fk ;: 1. ne;j pa nyf;f pa tuyhw ;iwg ; bghJ e piyapy ; mwpkfg ;gLj;Jjy;
2. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; nyf ;f pa tuyhw ;iwa [k ; , tlbkhHp nyf;f pa tuyhw ;iwa [k ;
bjhFj ;Jf ; TWjy;.
myF - 1: nyf;f pak ; - bghJ mwpKfk; - nyf;f pak ; xU tiuaiw – nyf;f paj ;Bjhw ;wk ; -
nyf;f paj ;j pd ; nay;g [fs; - nyf;f paKk; tuyhWk ;.
myF - 2: jpuhtplk ; - bkhHp – jpuhtplbkhHp – jkpH ; - kiyahsk; - fd;dlk; - bjYA;F –
FlF gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; - jpuhtpl bkhHp nyf;f pak ; - jpuht pl nyf;f paj ;
Bjhw ;wk ; - Behf ;fKk; gaDk;.
myF - 3: jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy ; bjhlf ;ff ; fhy nyf ;f paA ;fs; - mw nyf;f paA ;fs;.
myF - 4: jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy ; gf ;j p nyf;f pak ; - fhg ;g paA ;fs; - nuhkhazk; - ghujk ;.
myF - 5: jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy ; r pw ;w pyf ;f paA ;fs ; - brhy;Yk ; bghUSk; - nyf ;f pa tiffs;.
myF - 6: jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy ; nf;fhy nyf;f pak ; - ftpij – ciueil – ehty; -
r pWfij – ehlfk;.
myF - 7: jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy ; bkhHpbgah ;g ;g [ nyf;f pak ; gHA;fhyk; - ehd;FbkhHpjk ;Ks; -
tlbkhHp – jw ;fhyk; - bjhlf ;fk ; - gpw bkhHpfspypUe ;J – gpw bkhHpfSf;F.
myF - 8: tlbkhHpj ; Bjhw ;wk ; - BtjA;fs ; - gpuhkzA;fs; - cgepljA ;fs;.
myF - 9: tlbkhHpa py ; jh prdA;fs; - brk ;bkhHpj ;Bjhw ;wk ; - njpfhrA ;fs; - gf ;j pg ;ghly;fs;
- rh pj ;j puf ; fhtpak ;.
myF - 10: tlbkhHpa py ; ehlfk; - ehlftpay ; - mzp nay;.
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;:
1. r.Bt.Rg ;g pukzpad; , j puhtpl bkhHp nyf ;f paA ;fs; , cyfj;jkpHhuha ;r ;r p e pWtdk; ,
brd;id – 113.
*****
jhs;: ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; - Xu; mwpKfk; (FOLK LORE - An Introduction)
ghlj;jpl;lk; ghl vz; : TAML 304 ghlkjpg ;G : 3 kjpg ;Gfs; (3 Credits)
Nehf;fk; : fle ;j xU E]w ;whz;L fhykhf cyfk ; KGtJk; nd;w paikahik bgw ;Ws;s
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; ghlj;ijj; jkpHfg ; g [Jitr ; R{HYld; fw ;g pj ;jy ;.
myF - 1: ehl;Lg ;Gwtpay; t psf;fk; Folk vd;w brhy;y pd ; tpsf ;fk ; , Lore vd;w brhy;y pd ; tpsf ;fk ; , Folk lore vd;gjd;
bghUs;e piy tpsf ;fk ; , Folklore vd;gjw ;F nizahd jkpH ;r ; brhw ;fs; Fw pj ;j
tpsf ;fA ;fs; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaypd; tiffs; , tha ;bkhHp nyf ;f pak ; , e pfH ;fiyfs; ,
elj ;ijrhh ; ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; , bghUs;rhh ; gz;ghL, gDty; (Text ) , niHt[ mikg;g [
(Texture) , R{Hy; (Contex t )
myF - 2: ehl ;Lg ;Gwtpay; tuyhW cyf ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; tuyhW, ne ;j pa ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; tuyhW, jkpHf
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; tuyhW, g [Jit ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; tuyhW, nJtiu eilbgw ;Ws;s
gapyuA ;Ffs; , fUj ;juA ;Ffs; , btspa PLfs; , gj ;j ph p ;iffs; kw ;Wk ; mit bjhlh ;g [ila
gzpfs ;
myF - 3: tha;nkhop ,yf;fpak ; - I 3.1 ehl ;Lg ;Gwf; fijfs;
tha ;bkhHp nyf;f paj ;j pw ;Fk ; Vl ;oyf ;f paj ;j pw ;Fkhd BtWghLfs; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wf ;
fijfs; , fij tpsf ;fk ; , Bjtijf; fijfs; , bjhd;kf ; fijfs; , gHkug [f ; fijfs; ,
ehl ;Lg ;g [wf ; fijfs; , fijfspd; bghJthd cs;slf ;fk ; , nd;w paikahj fijj;
bjhFg ;g [f ;fs ;
3.2: gpuhg ;g pd ; ehl ;Lg ;g [wf ; fijfspd ; cs;fl ;likg;g [ vd;w E } ]y py ; cs;s Bfhl ;ghl ;il
bghJthf mwpKfk; bra ;jy ;.
myF - 4: tha;nkhop ,yf;fpak ; - II
4.1 ehl ;Lg ;Gwg;ghly;fs; ghly ;fspd ; tpsf ;fk ; , ghlypd ; BtWbgah ;fs; , jhyhl ;Lg ; ghly;fs ; , r pWth ;
ghly;fs ; , fhjy; ghly;fs ; , Ml;lg ; ghly;fs ; , gf ;j pg ; ghly;fs; , bjhHpy ;
ghly;fs ; , xg ;ghh pg ; ghly;fs; , ghly;fs; fhl ;Lk ; rKjhak; , nd;w paikahj
bjhFg ;g [f ;fs ;
4.2 fijg;ghly;fs; fijg ;ghly; tpsf ;fk ; , fijg ;ghly;-fhg ;g pak ; BtWghLfs; , fijg ;ghly; tiffs; ,
tuyhw ;Wf ;fijg;ghly;fs; , rK }ff ; fijg;ghly;fs ; , g [uhzf; fijg ;ghly;fs; ,
fijg ;ghly; jiyth ;fs; , fijg;ghlypd; bghJ mikg;g [Kiw , nd;w paikahj
fijg ;ghly; gjpg ;g [fs ;
myF - 5: tha;nkhop ,yf;fpak ; - III
5.1 gonkhopfs;
gHbkhHpfs; , gHbkhHp brhy;e piy tpsf ;fk ; , gHbkhHp bghUz;ik tpsf ;fk ; ,
gHbkhHp nay;g [fs; , niHt[f ;TWfs; , R {Hy ; gHbkhHpa py ; fijfs; , gHbkhHpa [k ;
fijfSk;, gHbkhHpa pd ; tiffs; , gHbkhHpfspd; mikg ;g [ Kiwfs; , nd;w paikahj
bjhFg;g [f ;fs ;
5.2 tpLfijfs; tpLfijfs; , tpLfij bghUz;ik tpsf ;fk ; , tpLfij brhy;e piy tpsf ;fk ; , tpLfij
BghLk; jUtha ;fs; , tpLfij mkh ;t [ , R {Hy ; , gA ; Bfw ;ghsh ;fs; , tpLfij tiffs; ,
tpLfijapd ; mikg;g [Kiwfs; , nd;w paikahj bjhFg;g [f ;fs ;
myF - 6: ehl;Lg ;Gw e pfo;fiyfs; ehl ;Lg ;g [w e pfH ;fiya pd; tpsf ;fk ; , nir totA;fs; , ghl ;L totA ;fs ; , Ml;l
totA;fs; , rlA ;F totA;fs; , e pfH ;j ;JgtDf;Fk ; ghh ;itahsUf;Fkhd bjhlh ;g [fs ;
myF -7: elj;ijrhh ; ehl;Lg ;Gwtpay; elj ;ij vd;gjd; tpsf ;fk ; , gHf ;f tHf ;fA ;fs; , ek ;g pf ;iffs; , tpisahl;Lf ;fs; ,
tpHhf ;fs; , ehl ;Lg ;g [w rkak ; , rkak ; gw ;w pa bghJ tpsf ;fk ; , Mtpa pak ; (Animism) ,
caph pak ; (Animat i sm) , Bghd;ikapak ; (Fet i sh ism) , Fyf;Fw pa pak ; (Totemism) ,
rpWbja ;tk ;/bgUe ;bja ;tk ; ghFghL , ehl ;Lg ;g [w bja ;tA ;fSk; kf ;fSk; rlA ;Ffs; ,
ehl ;Lg ;g [w kUj ;Jtk; , nd;w paikahj Ma;t [fs;
myF -8: nghUs;rhh ; gz;ghL (material culture) rK}fKk; g [HA ;F bghUl;fSk; , iftpidf ; fiyfs; , kz;ghz;lf ; fiyfs; ,
kidf;fsg ; bghUl;fs; , r pw ;gf ;fl ;olf ; fiyfs; , Mil, mzpfyd;fs; ,
XtpaA ;fs; , czt[fs; , nUg ;g plA ;fs; , thfdA;fs; , nd;w paikahj Ma;t [fSk;
bjhFg ;g [f ;fSk;
Ma;t [f ;fsKk ; jut[fSk; , fsg;gzpa pd ; mog;gilfs; , fsg;gzpahsd; jFjpfs ; ,
sg ;gzp Kiwfs; , Ma;t [f ; fUtpfSk; cj;j pfSk; , jftyhspfspd; jse piyfs; ,
jkpH ; ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; fsg ;gzp mDgtE]y ;fs;
myF - 10: ehl ;Lg ;GwtpaYk; g pwJiwfSk; ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ; xU gy;Jiwj; bjhFg ;g [ , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk ; nyf;f paKk; ,
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; khdpltpaYk ; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk ; rK }ftpaYk ; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk;
bkhHpa paYk; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; tuyhWk ; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk ; Rw ;Wg ;g [wr ; R{HypaYk ; ,
ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk; ndtiutpaYk; , ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpaYk ; ClftpaYk;.
ghh ;it E}y ;fs;: 1. nuhkehjd; , MW., ehl ;Lg ;g [wnay;
2. rf ;j pBty ; , R., ehl ;Lg ;g [wnay; Ma;t [
3. rz;Kf Re ;juk ; , R., ehl ;Lg ;g [wtpay ;
kzpthrfh ; E]yfk;
r pjk ;guk ; , 1988
5. Y]h ;J, Bj., ehl ;lhh ; thf ;fhw ;w pay ; : r py mog;gilfs;
ehl ;lhh ; tHf ;fhw ;w pay ; Ma;t [ikak;
ghisaA; Bfhl ;il
nuz;lhk ; gjpg ;g [ , 2000
6. Dundes, Alan , Th e S tud y o f Fo lklore
New Lessy, Englewood Cl i f fs ,
P ren t ice Hal l , 1965
7 . &., Essays in Folklo r i s t i c , Meer tu , Fo lklore
Ins t i tu t e , 1978
8 . Dorson , R ich ard , ( ed) Fo lklore and Folkl i fe : An In t roduct ion ,
Th e Chicago Univer s i t y ,
P ress , Chicago , 1972
9 . P ropp . V Th e Morphology o f the Fo lkt a l e , Univer s i t y o f
Taxaspress , Ameri can Folklore Soc iety, USA
1988 .
njhifahf;fk;
ghlj;jpl;lk;
Nehf;fk; : rA;fj; bjif E]y;fspd; bjhFg;g[ Bjhd;wpajd; murpay; rK}ff; fhuzpfisf; fz;lwpjy;; -
bjhFg;gpd; mog;gilfis tpsf;Fjy; - bjhif E]y;fspd; bjhFg;g[ Kiwa[k; fhyKk; -
bjhif E]y;fspd; cs;fl;likg;g[ - mjw;Fhpa fhuzpfs; - jkpH; nyf;fpa tuyhw;wpy;
bjhif E]y;fspd; nlk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhZjy;.
myF 1 :
bjhif, Anthology vd;Dk; brhw;fspd; tuyhW – cyf bkhHpfspy; bjhif E]y;fs; -
tlbkhHpf; fhtpahjh;rKk; bjhifa[k;
jkpH;r; rA;fk; - rA;fk; vd;w brhy;ypd; tuyhW – bgsj;j, rkzr; rA;fA;fs; - tr;rpu
ee;jpapd; jpukps rA;fk; - rA;fk; gw;wpa fijfs; - mg;gh; Bjthuf; Fwpg;g[ - niwadhh;
fstpay; ciu – rpd;dkD]h;r; brg;BgL jUk; fUj;J – bgha;aoikapyhj g[yth; -
kJiuj; bjhifahf;fpdhd; - bghpag[uhzk;, jpUtpisahly;fspy; kJiuj; jkpH;r; rA;fk; -
bja;tA;fs; cWg;gpdh;fs; - mfj;jpad; - ghz;oah;fSk; jkpH;r; rA;fKk; - g[yth;fs;,
murh;fspd; vz;zpf;if, bgah;fs;, Mz;Lfs;, btspahd E]y;fs;, ftpauA;Bfwpa kd;dh;fs;,
ghz;oah;fs;
bjhFg;gpd; mog;gilfs; - motiuaiw (4-8; 9-12; 13-31) – ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if (400,
500, 100, 150, 70) – jpiz mog;gil (mfk;, g[wk;) – mst[ (FWik, beLik) –
ghtif (fypg;gh, ghpghly;) – ve;j E]y; Kjypy; bjhFf;fg;gl;lJ? bjhif E]y;fspd;
bjhFg;g[ thpir - goKiw tsh;r;rp – fhyk; gw;wpa Ma;t[.
myF 4 :
bjhif E]y;fspd; cs;slf;fk; - FWe;bjhif, ew;wpiz mfehD]W – jpizaikg;gpy;
jpl;gk; - fspw;wpahid epiu, kzpkpil gtsk;, epj;jpyf; Bfhit vd;Dk; gFg;g[fs; - ne;j
E]y;fSf;Fj; jpiz, Jiwf; Fwpg;g[fs; tHA;fpBahh; - IA;FW E]W – Ie;J g[yth;fs; -
jpizf;F 100 ghly;fs; - xt;bthd;Wk; 10 ghly;fshf mikjy; - xU bghUs; gw;wpa
gj;Jg; ghly;;fs; - gpw;fhyg; gjpfA;fSf;F tHpfhl;Ljy;
myF 5 :
g[wk; gw;wpa bjhif E]y;fs; - gjpw;Wg; gj;J – Bru murpdu; kug[ - nuz;L mur
kug[fs; - xt;bthU kd;didg; gw;wpa[k; 10 ghly;fs; - ghly;fSf;Fg; bgah; R{l;Ljy; -
gjpfk; - gjpf mikg;g[ - jUk; bra;jpfs; - g[wehD]W – cs; fl;likg;g[ - murh;fs;,
FWepy kd;dh;, ts;sy;, jiyth;, bghJepiy – Bru, ghz;oa, BrhHh; vd;Dk; itg;g[ Kiw
myF 6 :
fypj;bjhif – xUth; ghoajh? Ith; ghoajh? rp.it.jhBkhjuk; gps;is Tw;W –
er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; Tw;W – xt;bthU ftpapd; mikg;g[ - iff;fpis, bgUe;jpizg; ghly;fs;
- Ky;iyf; fypapy; VW jGty; - Ky;iyapd; chpg; bghUs; VW jGtyh? – ghz;oah; kug[
Bghw;wg;gLjy; - ghpghly; - nirg; ghly;fs; - jpUkhy;, brt;Bts;, itia, kJiu mfKk;
g[wKk; - ghoBahh;, nir tFj;Bjhh; - gpw;fhyr; bra;jpfs;.
myF 7 :
gj;Jg; ghl;L - bjhif E]yh? ciuahrphpah;fs; jdp E]y;fshfBt Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh; -
kapiyehjh; jUk; Fwpg;g[ - E]y;fspd; fhyk; - thpir Kiw – jpUKUfhw;Wg; gil –
ef;fPuh; ghly; - gjpBdhuhk; jpUKiwapy; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil – ef;fPuBjt ehadhh; - flt[s;
thH;j;jhff; bfhs;sg;gl;ljh?
myF 8 :
mfg; bghUs; - VG jpizfs; - iff;fpis, md;gpd; Ie;jpiz, bgUe;jpiz – Fwpq;rp,
Ky;iy, kUjk;, bea;jy; ghiy xGf;fA;fs; - bro, bfhofspd; bgah;fs; - epy mikg;g[k;
chpg;bghUSk; - jpiz tFj;jypd; mog;gilfs; - epyj;jpw;Fk; xGf;fj;jpw;Fk; chpa
cwt[fs; - iff;fpis - xU kUA;F gw;wpa Bfz;ik – fhkq;rhyh nsikBahsplk; fhjy;
bfhs;Sjy; - bgUe;jpiz – kpf;f fhkk; - bgUtHf;F – Rl;o xUth; bgah; bfhsg;
bgwhik – gpw;fhy tsh;r;rp – niwadhh; fstpay;, ek;gpafg; bghUs;, jkpH;bewp tpsf;fk;.
myF 9:
mfj;Jf;Fk; g[wj;Jf;Fk; nUf;Fk; bjhlh;g[fs; - bjhy;fhg;gpah; fUj;J – ciuahrphpah;
tpsf;fk; - ghlhz; jpiz – gpw;fhy tsh;r;rp – gd;dpU ghlhz; jpiz – gpw;fhy tsh;r;rp
– gd;dpU glyk;, g[wg;bghUs; btz;gh khiy – gd;dpuz;L jpizfs;.
myF 10 :
bjhif E]y;fspd; cUthf;fk; - bjhFj;Bjhh; gzp – flt[s; thH;j;J – E]Yf;Fg; g[wj;jpYk;
E]ypd; cs;Sk; flt[s; thH;j;J nUj;jy; - ghujk; ghoa bgUe;Bjtsh;. g[wehD]W
bgUe;Bjtdhh; fhyj;jpy; nWjp totk; bgw;wjh? bjhFg;gpj;jhDila ghly;fs; bjhif
E]y;fspy; nlk; bgWjy; - bjhFj;jhh; ghly;fs; E]ypy; nlk; bgwhik – rk fhyj;jpy;
bjhFf;fg;gl;ljh? bjhFg;g[g; gzpapy; ghz;oah;fSk; Bruh;fSk; - BrhHh;fs; Vd;
bjhFg;g[g; gzpapy; NLgltpy;iy? Jiwf; Fwpg;g[ vGjpBahh; - ciuahrphpah;fspd; gA;fspg;g[
- gjpw;Wg; gj;Jf;Fg; gjpfk; fpl;oaik – gjpfk; jUk; bra;jpfs; - gjpg;ghrphpah; gzpfs; -
giHa ciuBahL fpilf;Fk; bjhif E]y;fs; - Mrphpah; bgah; bjhpahj ciufs; -
er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah;, ghpBkyHfh; ciu – jw;fhy ciufs; - kypt[g; gjpg;g[k; ciufSk;.
ghh;it E}y;fs;:
1) mfj;j paypA ;fk ; , r.rq ;fj ; jkpo ; 1, 1983, mz;zhkiy efh ;
2) rptj;jk ;g p , fh, jkpo py ; ,yf ;f pa tuyhW , 1988, brd;id
3) Rg;g pukzpa ma;ah ; , V.tp., jkpo ; Muha ;r ;r pa pd ; tsh ;r ;r p , 1971, brd;id
4) Re ;ju rz;Kfdhh ; , jkpo ; E}y ; njhFg ;Gf ;fsQ;r pak ; , rpjk ;guk ;
5) itahGh p g ps ;is, v!;, ,yf;f pa j Pgk ; , 1964, brd;id
6) c.Bt.rhkpehijah ; , r p.it.jhBkhjuk; gps ;is, gpd;dj ;J]h ;
ehuhazrhkp Iah ; Bghd;Bwhh ; gjpg ;g pj ;Js;s rA;f E]y;fspd ;
gjpg ;Giufs;.
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
Nehf;fk; :
myF 1
'jypj;" vd;w nrhy;ypd; tpsf;fk; - jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; jyp;j; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; - jypj; ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa tiuaiwfs; - fWg;gh; ,yf;fpak;> ngz;zpa ,yf;fpak; ,tw;NwhL cs;s njhlh;G.
myF 2
myF 3
myF 4
jkpo; ehty;fSk; jypj;jpaKk; - Nldpay;> G+kzp> rptfhkp> ,kak;> ghkh Nghd;Nwhhpd; ehty;fs; - mtw;wpd; cs;slf;fKk; cj;jpfSk;.
myF 5
jkpo;r; rpWfijfSk; jypj;jpaKk; - ,jaNte;jd;> mgpkhdp> cQ;ir uh[d;> G+kzp Nghd;Nwhhpd; rpWfijfs; - czh;T ntspg;ghLfSk; cj;jpfSk;.
myF 6
myF 7
myF 8
ghl E}y;fs;
2. fUf;F - ghkh (ehty;)> 1992. 3. NfhNtW fOijfs;> ,kak; (ehty;) 1994 4. tpop.gh. ,jaNte;jd; (njhFg;)> jypj; rpWfijfs;> fht;ah. nrd;id 2002. 5. jypj; gz;ghL - uh[; nfsjkd; (tpkhprdk;) 1993. 6. gyp MLfs; - Nf.V. FzNrfud;> 1999 (Kjw;gjpg;G)> fht;ah> ngq;fSh;. 7. ekf;fpilapyhd njhiyT – kjptz;zd; (fWg;Gg; gpujpfs; ntspaPL> nrd;id> 2005).
ghh;it E}y;fs;
1. mh;[Pd; lhq;fNs> jypj; ,yf;fpak;> jhkiur; nry;tp gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id (1992)
2. uh[;nfsjkd;> jypj; gz;ghL> nfshp gjpg;gfk;> GJit> 1993.
3. R. rz;KfRe;juk;> (njhFg;G)> jypj;jpak;> fht;ah> ngq;fSh;> 1996
4. uh[;nfsjkd;> jkpof jypj;Jk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaKk;> Ibah]; ntspaPL> kJiu 1992.
5. uh[;nfsjkd;> jypj; ghh;itapy; jkpo;g; gz;ghL> nfshp gjpg;gfk;> GJit 1994.
6. md;Gf;furp (njhFg;G)> jypj; ngz;zpak; jypj; Mjhu ikak;> kJiu> 1997.
7. mUzd;> jypj; murpaYk; ,yf;fpaKk;> md;dk;> rptfq;if> 1996.
8. tpop. gh. ,jaNte;jd;. jypj; ,yf;fpa murpay;> ts;spf;fe;ju; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 2004.
9. m.khu;f;];. ngh. Nty;rhkp (njhFg;) tpspk;Gepiy Ma;TfSk;. jkpo;f; fijg;ghy;fSk;>
epwg;gpupif> Fk;gNfhzk;. 1998.
10. tpop. gh. ,jaNte;jd;. jypj; fiy ,yf;fpak;> ts;spfe;ju; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 2003.
11. Nfh. GfNoe;jp (njhFg;) jypj;jpaKk; khDl tpLjiyAk;> jkpo; Kof;fk; ntspaPl;lfk;> nrd;id
2004.
jhs;: nkhopngau;g;Gf; nfhs;if (Translation Theory)
ghlj;jpl; ;lk;
nkhopngau;g;G vd;why; vd;d? - cyf mstpy; nkhopngau;g;gpd; Njhw;wk; - tsu;r;rp - tuyhW gw;wpa RUf;fkhd nra;jpfs; - jkpopy; njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpLk; nkhopngau;g;G gw;wpa nra;jpfs; - jkpopy; fhye;NjhWk; epfo;e;Js;s nkhopngau;g;Gg; gzpfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; - ,d;dgpw.
myF 2: nkhopngau;g;Gf; nfhs;iffs;:
myF 3: nkhopngau;g;Gf; nfhs;iffs;:
myF 4: nkhopngau;g;gpy; rpf;fy;fSk; jPu;TfSk;:
nkhopngau;f;f ,ayhik - nrhw;fspd; njsptw;w epiy - gonkhopfs; - kuGr;nrhw;fs; - tof;Fr; nrhw;fs; - nghUs;Nfhs; ,yf;fpak; kw;Wk; ,yf;fzk; ,tw;wpw;fhd jdpg;gz;Gfs; - cwT Kiwr; nrhw;fs; - ,ul;ilf;fpstp - mLf;Fj;njhlu; - Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; kw;Wk; mwptpay; - rl;lk; - jj;Jtk; ,yf;fpak; Nghd;w nkhopngau;g;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fs; - ,tw;wpw;fhd jPu;Tfs; - ,d;dgpw.
myF 5: nkhopngau;g;G: Nehf;fKk; gad;ghLk;
ehLfl;fpilNaahd ey;nyz;z cwit tsu;j;jy; rpwe;j gilg;Gfis mwpKfk; nra;jy; - gz;ghl;l NtWthLfis ,dq;fhl;Ljy; - mwptpay; czu;itj; J}z;ly; - Njrpa xUikg;ghl;il tsu;j;jy; kw;Wk; xg;gPl;L Muha;r;rp tsug; gad;gly; - mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis mwpaj; JizGupjy; - cyf mwpQu;fspd; tuyhw;iw mwpag; gad;gly; - nkhj;jj;jpy; khDl tsu;r;rpf;Fk; rNfhjuj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gilaha; tpsq;Fjs; - ,d;dgpw.
ghu;it E}y;fs;:
1. rz;Kf NtyhAjk; R> nkhopngau;g;gpay;> cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; (2-Mk; gjpg;G)> nrd;id> 2008. 2. tsu;

pondicherry univeristy puducherry - 605 014. sri

Documents