ponte trifasica a tiristor

PATROCÍNIO:

APOIO:

ORGANIZAÇÃO:

Curso de

Transmissão em Corrente Contínua

Conversores a Tiristor

&

Elos CCAT Maurício Aredes

COPPE / UFRJ

Conversores a Tiristor

&

Elos CCAT

Referências:

1. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, W. P. Robbins, “POWER ELECTRONICS –

Converters, Applications, and Design,” 3rd Ed., Wiley Inc., 2003,

ISBN: 0-471-22693-9.

2. H. Akagi, E. H. Watanabe, M. Aredes, “Instantaneous Power Theory and

Applications to Power Conditioning,” IEEE Press / Wiley-Interscience, 2007,

ISBN: 978-0-470-10761-4.

COPPEUFRJ

COPPEUFRJCurso de Transmissão em Corrente Contínua

Diodes

On and off states controlled by the power circuit

COPPEUFRJ


Thyristors

1. Semi-controlled device

2. Latches ON by a gate-

current pulse if

forward biased 3. Turns-off if current

tries to reverse

COPPEUFRJ


Thyristors

• For successful turn-off,

reverse voltage required

for an interval greater

than the turn-off interval

COPPEUFRJ


Thyristor Converters

Two-quadrant conversion

UF

RJ

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

COPPE/EE/UFRJ

Department of Electrical Engineering

Maurício Aredes

Retificador Controlado a Tiristor

FONTE

AC

sistema de potência

CARGA

DC

motores dc,

forno a arco,

transmissão dc, etc...

conversor

comutação natural

suprir energia DC, de forma controlada

UF

RJ

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

COPPE/EE/UFRJ


Maurício Aredes

Inversor Controlado a Tiristor

FONTE

DC

baterias dc,

transmissão dc, etc...

CARGA

AC

sistema de potência

conversor

comutação natural

suprir energia AC, de forma controlada, mas...

é necessário tensão AC para comutar os tiristores

COPPEUFRJ


Single-Phase Thyristor Converters

Assuming zero ac-side inductance instantaneous commutation

COPPEUFRJ


Single-Phase Thyristor Converters

2

0

0

2

12 sin

2

12 cos

2

22

2 2

T

do S

ST

do S

V V t dtT

V tT

fT

V V

since, , it comes that

Assuming instantaneous commutation at a = 0º (ideal diode bridge)

Average dc voltage:

Vdo

vd

vs

Single-Phase Thyristor Converter Waveforms

Assuming zero

ac-side inductance

12 sin ( )

2 2cos

d S

d S

V V t d t

V V

a

a

a

a

a

0

2 2 sin ( )

2 2 1 cos

2 2cos cos

d do

S

S

d S do

AV V

A V t d t

A V

V V V

aa

a

a

a

a

a

a a

, or

COPPEUFRJ


Average dc voltage

Assuming zero ac-side inductance instantaneous commutation

COPPEUFRJ


Harmonics, active and reactive power

1 1

1

1

2 2cos

cos

cos cos

2 2

d d S d

S S

S d

P V I V I

P V I

I I

a a

a

COPPEUFRJ


Single-Phase Thyristor Converter

( )

2 sin

2 sin ( )

2 sin ( )

2

d

d

d S d

SL S S

S S S

I

S S S

I

A

S d

t I i I

div V t L

dt

V t d t L di

V t d t L di

A L I

a

a

a a

Finite ac-side inductance; constant dc output current

•during the commutation: Id

i

iS

COPPEUFRJ


Single-Phase Thyristor Converter

( ) d S dt I i Ia a

Aa A

2 2 1 cos

2

dod

S

S d

AA AV

A V

A L I

a

a

a

2 22 2do S do SA V V V

Understanding Current Commutation

iT1 iT3

1

3

0

( )

2

d

T

T d

S d

t i

t i I

i i

i I i

i i I

a

a

2 sin ( ) 2 cos cos( )

2d

d

S S

I

S S S d

I

A V t d t V

A L di L I

a

a

a a

2 2 2

cos

d d

Sd S d

AV V

LV V I

a

a

T1 T3

T2 T4

COPPEUFRJ


Thyristor Converters: Inverter Mode

2

2 2 2cos

2 2 2cos

d d

Sd S d

Sd d S d d

AV V

LV V I

LP V I V I I

a

a

a

90a

COPPEUFRJ



Family of curves at various values of delay angle:

2 2 2cos

cos

Sd S d

d do com d

LV V I

V V R I

a

a

COPPEUFRJ



Importance of extinction angle in inverter mode

COPPEUFRJ


Three-Phase Thyristor Converters

Two groups of three thyristors each

Three-Phase Thyristor Converter Waveforms

• Zero ac-side inductance; purely dc current

3d do

AV V

aa

6

6

0 0

3

32 cos ( )

3 2

( ) 2 sin ( )

2 1 cos

3 2cos cos

d do

do LL

do LL

ac LL

LL

d LL do

AV V

V V t d t

V V

A v d t V td t

A V

V V V

aa

a a

a

a

a

a

a a

DC-side voltage waveforms assuming

zero ac-side inductance

• Zero ac-side inductance

23

2

0

1 2( )

3S d dI I d t I

1 1

1

1

3 cos

3 2cos

cos cos

6

LL S d d

d d LL d

S d

P V I V I

V I V I

I I

a

a

a

a

UF

RJ

UFRJ - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Input line-current

waveforms assuming zero

ac-side inductance

1

1

1 1

11

cos cos

6

2

3

3 cos

3

3cos cos

S d

S d

LL S

LL S

S

S

I I

I I

P V I

S V I

I

I

a

a

Ponte Trifásica a Tiristor

T1 T3

T6 T4

b

T5

T2

c

a

V E

v a i a

v b

v c

i b

i c

L

FIRING CONTROL

d d

I d

P

N

Bi-direcional voltage blocking

Unidirecional current conduction

1. Switches in CSI:

2. Power flow can be bi-direcional

van vbn vcn

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2 vd

ponte trifásica a tiristor com ângulo de

disparo a 30 graus

vN

ia

vP

a

Ponte Trifásica a Tiristor: Modo Retificador

ponte trifásica a tiristor com ângulo de

disparo a 150 graus

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

vd

van vbn vcn

ia

vP

vN

a

Ponte Trifásica a Tiristor: Modo Inversor

COPPEUFRJ


Three-Phase Thyristor Converters

AC-side inductance is included

T1 T3

T6 T4

b

T5

T2

c

a v a

v b

v c

“Notches” na tensão de entrada do retificador

causados pela comutação da corrente entre os

tiristores de uma ponte trifásica

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Current Commutation Waveforms

0

;

;

2

( )2

2 sin( )

2

2cos( ) cos

2

d

a c d

La S Lc S

an cn La Lc S

Ian cn

S

LLS d

S d

LL

i i i I i

di div L v L

dt dt

div v v v L

dt

v vd t L di

V td t L I

L I

V

a

a

a

a

a a

c

b

i i

+ – vLc

vLa

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Current Commutation Equations

0

( ) ( )

( )d

an Pn La

I

La S

S d

A v v d t v d t

v d t L di

A L I

a a

a a

a

a

3

3 2 3cos

d d

Sd LL d

AV V

LV V I

a

a

2

2

an cnPn an La an

bnPn

v vv v v v

vv

vNn

vPn

vd

;

2

La S Lc S

an cn La Lc

an cnLa

di div L v L

dt dt

v v v v

v vv

COPPEUFRJ


Input Line-Current Waveform

Finite ac-side inductance

1

1cos cos( )

2 a

Voltage

Notching

• Importance of

external ac-side

inductance

COPPEUFRJ



a 150 20

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 -2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

Ia

Vdc

Va Vb Vc

Vpos

Vneg

3 2 3cos

Sd LL d

LV V I

a

COPPEUFRJ



UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Thyristor Inverter Operation

Importance of extinction

angle

Voltage across a thyristor in

the inverter mode.

UF

RJ

UFRJ - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Maurício Aredes

COPPE / POLI


system "A" Thyristor

Rectifier

va

vb

vc

ia

ib

ic

vdc

+

_

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0

1

2

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 -1

0

1

(pu

) (p

u)

vdc

va ia

t (s)

t (s) 0 0.01 0.02 0.03

0.2

0.6

1

0 0.01 0.02 0.03

0.2

0.6

1

0

0

p

p p~

q

q

q~

(pu

) (p

u)

t (s)

t (s)

real and imaginary powers of a typical non-linear load

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


HVDC Transmission

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


HVDC Poles: 12-Pulse Converter

a3

b3

c3

a2

b2 c2 n1

1 2: 3N N

a1

b1 c1 n1

1 2:N N

ia1

ia2

iab3

2 21 2 3

1 1

3a a ab

N Ni i i

N N +

–

vd1

+

–

vd2

vd12

12 1 2d d dv v v

ia3

3 3 3

3 3 3

3 3 3

3

3

3

ab a b

bc b c

ca c a

i i i

i i i

i i i

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


-2

-1

0

1

2

-2

-1

0

1

2

-2

-1

0

1

2

0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 -4

-2

0

2

4

HVDC Transmission: 12-Pulse Waveforms

2ai

3ai

3abi

1ai

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


HVDC Transmission: 12-Pulse Waveforms

vd12

vdY & vdD

3

6

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Control of HVDC Transmission System

Característica Combinada de Retificador e Inversor

R

Id

–Vd2

Conversor 1 Conversor 2 a1 = CTE

a2 = CTE

3 2 3cos

Sd LL d

LV V I

a

3 2 3cos( )

Sd LL d

LV V I

Vd1

1 = CTE

2 = CTE

Vd

Id

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Remember that:

0

;

;

2

( )2

2 sin( )

2

2cos( ) cos

2

d

a c d

La S Lc S

an cn La Lc S

Ian cn

S

LLS d

S d

LL

i i i I i

di div L v L

dt dt

div v v v L

dt

v vd t L di

V td t L I

L I

V

a

a

a

a

a a

c

b

i i

+ – vLc

vLa

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


b

HVDC Transmission

ba

a

cos cos cosa

cos( ) cos 22

S d

LL

L I

V

a a

cos( ) cos2 2

S Sd d

LL LL

L LI I

V V

a

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


HVDC Transmission

3 2 3cos

Sd LL d

LV V I

a

2cos( ) cos

2

S d

LL

L I

V

a a

2 cos( ) 2 cosLL S d LL S dV L I V L I a

cos cosa

3 2 3 3 2 3cos( ) cos

dV

S SLL d LL d

L LV I V I

a

3 2 3cos( )

Sd LL d

LV V I

3 2 3cos

Sd LL d

LV V I

a

or,

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI



Inverter is operated at the minimum extinction angle and

the rectifier in the current-control mode

min

3 2 3cos( )

SdB d LL d

LV V V I

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI



Característica Combinada de Retificador e Inversor

R

Id

–Vd2

Conversor 1 Conversor 2 a1 = CTE

a2 = CTE

3 2 3cos

Sd LL d

LV V I

a

3 2 3cos( )

Sd LL d

LV V I

Vd1

1 = CTE

2 = CTE

Vd

Id

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI



Característica Estática de um Sistema CCAT

Id

a min min

Id 0 0

I'd Idc

min '

VDCOL

Ud

Udo

U'do

D Id

Controle de Corrente pelo Inversor

Id

a min

min

Id 0 0

I'd

DId

Idc

Udo

U'do

VDCOL

Ud

a ' min

Controle de Corrente pelo Retificador

Derror

DId

VDCOL

Derror

DId

VDCOL

HVDC Transmission: DC-Side Filters

Tuned for the lowest (12th

harmonic) frequency

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

V1

2 / V

do

, %

Ângulo de Comutação, graus

0o

5o

15o

30o

45o

60o

a

H = 12

HVDC Transmission: DC-Side Filters


harmonic) frequency

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


V24

/ V

do

, %

0o

5o

15o

30o

45o

60o

a

H = 24

HVDC Transmission: AC-Side Filters


and the 13th harmonic)

frequencies

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

I11

/ I

1, %


0o

5o

15o

30o

45o

60o

a

H = 11

HVDC Transmission: AC-Side Filters


and the 13th harmonic)

frequencies

H = 13

0

2

4

6

8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


I13

/ I

1,

%

0o

5o

15o

30o

45o

60o

a

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

@

@

@

1000 MW

500 kV

2 kA

S

V

I

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

@

@

@

1000 MW

500 kV

2 kA

S

V

I

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Derror

DId

VDCOL

0.55 1.0 Id

Vd

0.4

0.9

UF

RJ


COPPE / POLI


Maurício Aredes

Derror

DId error_Id = 0 →Derror = 0

error_Id > 0 →Derror > 0 +

NOTA: Ocorrendo erro > 0 de corrente no retificador (CERRI), min+Derror = ref

aumenta, reduzindo Vd_Inversor até encontrar um ponto de operação com Vd reduzido

e Id intermidiário. Senão, ref aumenta ainda mais até que o controlador de

corrente do inversor assume (BETAIC > BETAIG) o controle da inversora.

–

+

– +

–

+

UF

RJ

Maurício Aredes

www.coe.ufrj.br/~aredes

ponte trifasica a tiristor

Documents