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n a J , e c i t c a r P l a c i n i l C & h c r a e s e R l a c i t u e c a m r a h P f o l a n r u o J - : ) 1 ( 1 ; 1 1 0 2 h c r a M 2-17 i s a W i n a l l i G 2 : ) 1 ( 1 ; 1 1 0 2 P C R P J , l a . t e S f -7 1 2 e l c i t r A h c r a e s e R n o i t a r r I n o t n e m s s e s s A e g d e l w o n K d e s a B n o i t a l u p o P s c i t o i b i t n A f o e c i t c a r P l a o y t i n u m m o C n i e s U . a i s y a l a M , g n a n i P u a l u P f * S f i s a W i n a l l i G 1 , r a h z A n a m i a l u S S 2 h O i A g n i L , 3 i l a s s a H i m z A , 4 i r a S a i v a t k O y l l e Y , 6 , 5 , k e b z U r e d i a H n a m s U 7 . 1 . a i s y a l a M s n i a S i t i s r e v i n U , y c a m r a h P l a c i n i l C f o t n e m t r a p e D , r e h c r a e s e R & r e r u t c e L . 2 . a i s y a l a M s n i a S i t i s r e v i n U , s e c n e i c S l a c i t u e c a m r a h P f o l o o h c S , n a e D . 3 v i n U , s e c n e i c S l a c i t u e c a m r a h P f o l o o h c S . a i s y a l a M s n i a S i t i s r e . 4 a i s y a l a M , M S U , y c a m r a h P e v i t a r t s i n i m d A d n a l a i c o S f o t n e m t r a p e D , r e r u t c e L r o i n e S . . 5 a i s e n o d n I , 3 6 1 5 2 g n a d a P , y t i s r e v i n U s a l a d n A , y c a m r a h P f o y t l u c a F . . 6 s n i a S i t i s r e v i n U , s e c n e i c S l a c i t u e c a m r a h P f o l o o h c S , y c a m r a h P l a c i n i l C f o e n i l p i c s i D a i s y a l a M , g n a n e P 0 0 8 1 1 , a i s y a l a M . . 7 . a i s y a l a M s n i a S i t i s r e v i n U , s e c n e i c S l a t n e D f o l o o h c S y e K : s d r o w A , e c n a t s i s e r c i t o i b i t n , e s u n o i t p i r c s e r p l a n o i t a r r i , e g d e l w o n k d n a c i t o i b i t n a , s c i t o i b i t n a P A K . s c i t o i b i t n a d n a n o i t p e c r e p 1 d e v i e c e R 4 b e F 1 0 2 1 m r o f d e s i v e r n i d e v i e c e R 3 0 h c r a M 1 0 2 1 d e t p e c c A 1 1 0 2 r a M 4 0 * r o h t u A : e c n e d n o p s e r r o C r o f , i n a l l i G f i s a W d e y S . r D , r e h c r a e s e R & r e r u t c e L y c a m r a h P l a c i n i l C f o t n e m t r a p e D , , a i s y a l a M s n i a S i t i s r e v i n U a i s y a l a M , g n a n i P u a l u P , r o g u l e G 0 0 8 1 1 . m o c . l i a m g @ i n a l l i g f i s a w : l i a m E T C A R T S B A e v i t c e j b O : s a e d i v o r p o t t h g u o s y d u t s s i h T f o e s p m i l g l a r e n e g f o s e d u t i t t a d n a e g d e l w o n k t n e r r u c e h t . e s u c i t o i b i t n a n o e c i t c a r p l a n o i t a r r i s d r a w o t c i l b u p : s d o h t e M f l e s g n i s u y e v r u s l a n o i t c e s s s o r c A g n i t r a t s d e t c u d n o c s a w e r i a n n o i t s e u q d e r e t s i n i m d a t n e i t a p t u o t a 9 0 0 2 h c r a M o t y r a u r b e F m o r f c a m r a h p y t i l i b a i l e R . l a t i p s o H g n a n e P f o t n e m t r a p e d y l a c i t s i t a t S . 6 7 . 0 e u l a v α s h c a b n o r C h t i w d e t s e t l a i c o s r o f e g a k c a p l a c i t s i t a t S g n i s u y b e n o d s i s y l a n a . ® 3 1 s e c n e i c s : s t l u s e R e h t f o e g a n a e m e h T e h t f o y t i r o j a M . s r a e y 4 1 ± 3 4 s a w s t n e d n o p s e r m e r e w s t n e d n o p s e r o t d e r a p m o c s a ) % 9 . 3 5 ( e l a e h t f o ) 8 1 1 = n ( % 9 . 8 2 s a w e r e h T . ) % 1 . 6 4 ( e l a m e f c i t o i b i t n a g n i s u f o e c n e i r e p x e e h t d a h s t n e d n o p s e r . d e t c u d n o c s a w y e v r u s e h t e r o f e b h t n o m e n o n i h t i w d e t o n e r e w s e c n e r e f f i d t n a c i f i n g i s y l l a c i t s i t a t S c a r , ) 7 2 0 . 0 < p ( p u o r g e g a n e e w t e b d n a , ) 4 1 0 . 0 < p ( e 2 1 t s a l e h t n i y c a m r a h p / c i n i l c o t t i s i v f o y c n e u q e r f c i t o i b i t n a f o e s u e h t o t e s n o p s e r n i ) 1 0 0 . 0 < p ( s h t n o m s a w e r e h T . y e v r u s e h t o t h t n o m e n o r o i r p n i h t i w ) 3 2 2 = n , % 7 . 4 5 ( s t n e d n o p s e r e h t f o f l a h n a h t e r o m o n k f o l e v e l e t a r e d o m e v a h o t n w o h s h t i w e g d e l w . 6 e g d e l w o n k f o e r o c s l a t o t n a i d e m f o ) 8 1 1 = n ( % 9 . 8 2 f o l e v e l r o o p g n i v a h f o y r o g e t a c r e d n u l l a f m e h t d e r e d i s n o c e r e w ) 7 6 = n ( % 4 . 6 1 y l n o d n a e g d e l w o n k t n a c i f i n g i s y l l a c i t s i t a t s A . e g d e l w o n k d o o g g n i v a h s a d e t o n e r e w l e v e l e g d e l w o n k f o e c n e r e f f i d n e e w t e b

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naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

2

elcitrA hcraeseR

noitarrI no tnemssessA egdelwonK desaB noitalupoP scitoibitnA fo ecitcarP lao ytinummoC ni esU .aisyalaM ,gnaniP ualuP f

* S fisaW inalliG 1, rahzA namialuS S2 hO iA gniL , 3 ilassaH imzA , 4 iraS aivatkO ylleY , 6,5 ,

kebzU rediaH namsU 7

.1 .aisyalaM sniaS itisrevinU ,ycamrahP lacinilC fo tnemtrapeD ,rehcraeseR & rerutceL

.2 .aisyalaM sniaS itisrevinU ,secneicS lacituecamrahP fo loohcS ,naeD

.3 vinU ,secneicS lacituecamrahP fo loohcS .aisyalaM sniaS itisre

.4 aisyalaM ,MSU ,ycamrahP evitartsinimdA dna laicoS fo tnemtrapeD ,rerutceL roineS .

.5 aisenodnI ,36152 gnadaP ,ytisrevinU saladnA ,ycamrahP fo ytlucaF .

.6 sniaS itisrevinU ,secneicS lacituecamrahP fo loohcS ,ycamrahP lacinilC fo enilpicsiD aisyalaM ,gnaneP 00811 ,aisyalaM .

.7 .aisyalaM sniaS itisrevinU ,secneicS latneD fo loohcS

yeK :sdrow

A ,ecnatsiser citoibitn ,esu noitpircserp lanoitarri

,egdelwonk dna citoibitna ,scitoibitna PAK

.scitoibitna dna noitpecrep

1 devieceR 4 beF 102 1 mrof desiver ni devieceR 30 hcraM 102 1

detpeccA 1102 raM 40 * rohtuA :ecnednopserroC rof

,inalliG fisaW deyS .rD ,rehcraeseR & rerutceL

ycamrahP lacinilC fo tnemtrapeD , ,aisyalaM sniaS itisrevinU

aisyalaM ,gnaniP ualuP ,roguleG 00811 . moc.liamg@inalligfisaw :liamE

TCARTSBA evitcejbO :s a edivorp ot thguos yduts sihT fo espmilg

lareneg fo sedutitta dna egdelwonk tnerruc eht.esu citoibitna no ecitcarp lanoitarri sdrawot cilbup

:sdohteM fles gnisu yevrus lanoitces ssorc A gnitrats detcudnoc saw eriannoitseuq deretsinimda tneitaptuo ta 9002 hcraM ot yraurbeF morf

camrahp ytilibaileR .latipsoH gnaneP fo tnemtraped y lacitsitatS .67.0 eulav α s’hcabnorC htiw detset laicos rof egakcap lacitsitatS gnisu yb enod sisylana

.®31 secneics :stluseR eht fo ega naem ehT eht fo ytirojaM .sraey 41 ± 34 saw stnednopser

m erew stnednopser ot derapmoc sa )%9.35( ela eht fo )811=n( %9.82 saw erehT .)%1.64( elamef citoibitna gnisu fo ecneirepxe eht dah stnednopser .detcudnoc saw yevrus eht erofeb htnom eno nihtiw deton erew secnereffid tnacifingis yllacitsitatS

car ,)720.0<p( puorg ega neewteb dna ,)410.0<p( e 21 tsal eht ni ycamrahp/cinilc ot tisiv fo ycneuqerf citoibitna fo esu eht ot esnopser ni )100.0<p( shtnom saw erehT .yevrus eht ot htnom eno roirp nihtiw )322=n ,%7.45( stnednopser eht fo flah naht erom

onk fo level etaredom evah ot nwohs htiw egdelw.6 egdelwonk fo erocs latot naidem fo )811=n( %9.82

fo level roop gnivah fo yrogetac rednu llaf meht deredisnoc erew )76=n( %4.61 ylno dna egdelwonk tnacifingis yllacitsitats A .egdelwonk doog gnivah sa

deton erew level egdelwonk fo ecnereffid neewteb

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

3

fo slevel ,)100.0<p( secar ,)300.0<p( spuorg ega .)100.0<p( emocni ylhtnom dna )100.0<p( noitacude regnuoy eht ni dnuof saw egdelwonk fo level rooP

81 neewteb ega noitareneg - sv %8.93( dlo sraey 03 syalaM gnoma ecnarednoperp rehgih ,)%23< srehto

63( rewol ro yramirp ,)%43< srehto sv %1. emocni dna )%63< srehto sv %8.35( level lanoitacude ohw esohT .)%13< srehto sv %9.15( 0001<MR puorg

eht htiw puorg ega gnoma deirav citoibitna koot13 fo noitareneg regnuoy eht gnoma esu tsehgih - 04

na )%3.63( dlo sraey 81 d - .)%3.23( dlo sraey 03 noisulcnoC : fo aera eht gnitcelfer atad ehT

fo esusim eht ni tnemevlovni cilbup fo ycauqedani ot dennalp eb dluoc ygetarts dnuos a ,citoibitna

.cilbup eht etacude

NOITCUDORTNI

citoibitna fo noitalacse ediwdlroW taerht labolg tnacifingis a sesop ecnatsiser tropeR htlaeH dlroW ehT .htlaeh namuh ot laiborcim fo eussi eht dethgilhgih sah 7002 fo eno sa ecnatsiser citoibitna dna noitulove ni ytiruces htlaeh cilbup ot taerht rojam eht

12 eht ts birtnoc sah hcihw yrutnec ot detuer dna ecnegreme eht - fo ecnegreme

sesaesid suoitcefni ]1[ . fo revird yek a si noitpmusnoc citoibitnA era spihsnoitaler eht hguohtla ecnatsiser

.xelpmoc ]2[ naisyalaM eht ot gnidroccA . scitoibitna ,5002 enicideM no scitsitatS

etnuocca itna ylnommoc tsom eht sa d - etavirp dna cilbup yb debircserp evitcefni 55.9 htiw aisyalaM ni rotces erachtlaeh

yad/noitalupop 0001/DDD ]3[ . nillicineP desu ylnommoc tsom eht si puorg scitoibitna fo esu latot fo %74 gnitutitsnoc

]3[ . xelpmoc fo tluser a si citoibitna fo esusiM laroivaheb dna larutluc ,cimonoceoicos

srotcaf ]5 ,4[ . etamitlu na sa tneitaP eht ni elor tnatropmi na yalp remusnoc ,0002 raey nI .yawhtap noitazilitu citoibitna )OHW( noitazinagrO htlaeH dlroW eht

cipot eht htiw troper gnimocrevOecnatsiseR laiborcimitnA deifitnedi sah

nemevlovni cilbup rof seussi yek eerht :t ,secivres lacidem ot ssecca gnivorpmi laiborcimitna fo esu yrassecennu gnicuder ,tnemtaert fo esruoc lluf a gnikat dna sgurd elpoep rehto htiw noitacidem gnirahs ton

rehtona rof esruoc eht fo trap gnipeek ro

noisacco ]6[ dna sfeileb dediugsim ehT . fo kcal a htiw detaicossa era snoitatcepxe

wa esu citoibitna fo sregnad eht fo ssenera]8 ,7[ sedutitta cilbup gnignahc ,eroferehT .

esu citoibitna gnidrager snoitatcepxe dna evreserp ot pets tsrif tnatropmi na eb lliw fo are eht ni ssenevitceffe citoibitna

ecnatsiser ]21[ eht ot del evah esehT . sevitaitini lanoitacude fo noitatnemelpmi fo mia eht htiw cilbup ta detcerid fo esu etairporppa dna lanoitar gnitomorp

citoibitna ]41 ,31[ . TS EHT FO LANOITAR YDU

fo espmilg a edivorp ot thguos yduts sihT fo sedutitta dna egdelwonk tnerruc eht ecitcarp lanoitarri sdrawot cilbup lareneg ygoloimedipe ,aisyalaM nI .esu citoibitna no ot detimil saw aera siht gninrecnoc yduts rediw a tuohtiw egdelwonk latnerap

t egarevoc cilbup lareneg eht o ]61 ,51[ . yevrus nwo ruo tcudnoc ot deen a si erehT lacol eht ni oiranecs eurt eht tcelfer ot evres nac yevrus tneserp eht ,suhT .gnittes rehtruf edivorp dna atad enilesab a sa gnipoleved dna gninnalp ni thgisni

htlaeh lacol rof seigetarts noitacude egdelwonk cilbup gnidnatsrednU .esoprup erom etatilicaf osla yam sedutitta dna stneitap neewteb noitacinummoc evitceffe

.srebircserp dna DOHTEM S

ngiseD ydutS fles gnisu yevrus lanoitces ssorc A detcudnoc saw eriannoitseuq deretsinimda

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

4

f gnitrats ta 9002 hcraM ot yraurbeF mor gnaneP fo tnemtraped ycamrahp tneitaptuo stcejbus detegrat ehT .latipsoH lareneG detisiv ohw stneitap /cilbup lareneg erew gnaneP ta tnemtraped ycamrahp tneitaptuo gnilpmas lasrevinU .latipsoH lareneG

s siht ni desu saw dohtem .ydut eriannoitseuQ fo tnempoleveD

morf detpada saw eriannoitseuq ehT eht tius ot deifidom dna yduts suoiverp

gnaneP ni noitalupop lacol ]81 ,11 ,01 ,8[ tI . traP erew hcihw strap ruof otni dedivid saw :2 traP ,scitsiretcarahc cihpargomeD :1 fo egdelwonK :3 traP ,citoibitna fo egasU sdrawot sedutittA :4 traP dna citoibitna

.egasu citoibitna cihpargomed eht niatbo ot saw 1 traP gnidulcni ,stnednopser eht fo scitsiretcarahc ,sutats latiram ,ecar ,redneg ,ega rieht tnemyolpme ,level lanoitacude tsehgih detaler noitapucco ,emocni ylhtnom ,sutats rieht dna stnednopser rof erac htlaeh ot

mem ylimaf ,lohocla gniknird ,gnikoms ,sreb dna noitidnoc lacidem cinorhc fo tneserp ycamrahp ro cinilc ot tisiv fo rebmun .shtnom 21 tsal eht ni )etavirp/tnemnrevog( ot dengised saw eriannoitseuq eht fo 2 traP gnoma egasu citoibitna tnecer eht ssessa

tnednopser eht .htnom eno tsap eht rof s edivorp ot detseuqer erew stnednopseR ecruos eht gnidrager noitamrofni rehtruf dah yeht fi citoibitna gnikat fo nosaer dna

.oga htnom eno citoibitna gnikat neeb 41 fo tsisnoc eriannoitseuq eht fo 3 traP

wonk etaulave ot stnemetats fo egdel erew dessessa gnieb saerA .citoibitna 5( citoibitna fo elor eht ot gniniatrep 4( citoibitna fo noitacifitnedi ,)stnemetats citoibitna fo sregnad ,)stnemetats dna noitcaer cigrella ,ecnatsiser citoibitna(

stceffe edis – dna )hcae rof tnemetats 1oc 2( esruoc tnemtaert fo noitelpm

fo noitces eht roF .)stnemetats

snoitacidem ruof ,citoibitna fo noitacifitnedi rellik niap sa desu ylnommoc erew hcihw hguoc nommoc fo tnemtaert eht rof dna ,nillicinep erew hcihw ,nesohc erew dloc dna

a lomatecarap ,niripsa .enimardyhnehpid dn esoohc ot detseuqer erew stnednopseR ,’seY‘ rehtie dedivorp snoitpo eerht gnoma

.’eruS toN‘ ro ,’oN‘ 8 ,yevrus siht fo trap lanif eht rof sA sdrawot sedutitta gnisserdda stnemetats tniop 5 .dedulcni erew egasu citoibitna

ar elacs trekiL ,’eergA ylgnortS=1‘ morf gnign ot ’eergasiD=4‘ ,’eruS toN=3‘ ,’eergA=2‘ ssessa ot desu saw ’eergasiD ylgnortS=5‘ gnidrager stnapicitrap fo esnopser eht ohw esoht deifissalc eW .sedutitta sa ’eergA‘ dna ’eergA ylgnortS‘ derewsna

ohw esoht dna deerga gnivah derewsna gnivah sa ’eergasiD‘ dna ’eergasiD ylgnortS‘

.sisylana eht yfilpmis ot redro ni deergasid owt ni dengised saw eriannoitseuq ehT .)yalaM dna hsilgnE( snoisrev egaugnal saw eriannoitseuq eht fo noisrev hsilgnE neht saw hcihw yllaitini depoleved

rt dna ecaF .egaugnal yalaM otni detalsna saw eriannoitseuq eht fo noitadilav tnetnoc dna srerutcel ,srosivrepus eht yb enod noisrev yalaM ehT .stsicamrahp deretsiger tcerroc erusne ot dekcehcretnuoc osla saw toliP .edam saw noitalsnart etairporppa dna

yduts stcejbus 02 htiw detcudnoc saw .etis yduts eht morf detceles ylmodnar erew stnednopser ,yduts tolip siht morF rewsna dna dnatsrednu ot elba eb ot dnuof rehtruf on dna dedivorp eriannoitseuq eht enod saw eriannoitseuq fo noitacifidom

rus lautca eht ot roirp gnitset ytilibaileR .yev stnemetats 4 traP eht rof tuo deirrac saw egasu citoibitna sdrawot sedutitta gnidrager .gnitset tolip morf sesnopser eht no desab fo ycnetsisnoc lanretni dewohs stluser ehT α s’hcabnorC eht htiw detset smeti eht

.67.0 eulav

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

5

ydutS eziS elpmaS dna noitalupoP dednetta stneitap fo egareva ylhtnom ehT ,tnemtraped ycamrahp tneitaptuo ot rebmun sihT .000,33 saw latipsoH gnaneP elpmas eht etaluclac ot ediug a sa desu saw elpmas gnisu yB .yduts siht rof dedeen ezis

soaR morf rotaluclac ezis tfo ® ,bew ]91[ eht saw dedeen ezis elpmas evitceffe muminim

fnoc a htiw 083 dna %59 lavretni ecnedi selpmas 024 ,revewoH .%5 rorre fo nigram rof tnuocca ot yduts siht ni dedulcni erew

.etar esnopser non %01 noitaredisnoC lacihtE

lacinilC eht yb detnarg neeb dah lavorppA lanoitaN rednu )CRC( ertneC hcraeseR

HIN( htlaeH fo etutitsnI htlaeH fo yrtsiniM ,) .gnaneP ni yevrus siht tcudnoc ot aisyalaM

sisylanA ataD ssessa ot desu saw metsys gnirocs yrartibrA eht no desab egdelwonk fo level eht saw kram enO .3 traP ni dedivorp srewsna orez dna rewsna tcerroc hcae rof dedrawa

gnorw hcae rof ehT .esnopser erusnu ro .41 saw egdelwonk rof erocs tcerroc latot dezirogetac erew erocs egdelwonk latot ehT ,roop yb detacidni slevel eerht otni

:woleb nwohs sa doog dna etaredom .1 0( rooP – )4 .2 5( etaredoM – )9 .3 01( dooG – )41

lacitsitatS eht gnisu dezylana erew atad llA ,.cnI SSPS( secneicS laicoS eht rof egakcaP evitpircseD .0.31 noisrev )LI ,ogacihC atad eht ezirammus ot desu saw citsitats ,scitsiretcarahc cihpargomed gnidrager dna egdelwonk ,citoibitna fo esu tnecer

edutitta ehT .egasu citoibitna fo s ihC gnisu detset saw atad lacirogetac saw tset tcaxE rehsiF .dohtem erauqS

ni sllec eht fo erom ro %52 nehw deilppa

5 naht ssel tnuoc detcepxe evah elbat eht .1 naht ssel si ycneuqerf detcepxe yna fi ro

is olraC etnoM tluafed A eht ni noitalum rehsiF etamitse ot desu saw erawtfos SSPS

p tcaxE - dna egral saw tes atad eht sa seulav taerg a eriuqer noitatupmoc tcaxe lamron

yromem dna emit retupmoc fo tnuoma ,02[]12 ot desu saw noitalerroc knar namraepS .

d dna noitcerid eht ezylana fo eerge dna egdelwonk neewteb pihsnoitaler fo level ehT .etairporppa erehw sedutitta

.50.0<p ta tes saw ecnacifingis lacitsitats STLUSER

fo scitsiretcarahC cihpargomeDstnednopseR

erew seriannoitseuq 024 fo latot A ta cilbup lareneg eht ot detubirtsid

tuo gnaneP fo tnemtraped ycamrahp tneitap seriannoitseuq eht fo 21 ,revewoH .latipsoH erofereht dna etelpmocni dnuof erew pu dedne sihT .sisylana eht morf dedulcxe

.yduts siht rof 804 fo elpmas latot a htiw fo yrammus eht morf nwohs sA

tsiretcarahc cihpargomed ,1 elbaT ni sci rof noitubirtsid lauqe na tsomla saw ereht 06> esoht tpecxe spuorg ega eht fo tsom ssel sa flah dnuora erew dlo sraey fo ega naem ehT .srehto eht ot derapmoc .sraey 41 ± 34 saw stnednopser eht elam erew stnednopser eht fo ytirojaM

a )%9.35( .)%1.64( elamef ot derapmoc s nwohs saw ti ,secar fo noitubirtsid eht morF tsehgih eht rof detnuocca yalaM taht naidnI ,)%8.53( esenihC yb dewollof )%8.64( hgih A .)%7.1( srehto dna )%7.51( saw stnednopser eht fo )%8.07( noitroporp

t fo lla tsomlA .deirram stnednopser eh yradnoces detelpmoc dah )593=n ;%8.69(

.evoba dna loohcs

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

6

.1 elbaT fo yrammuS C cihpargomeD scitsiretcarah .

scitsiretcarahC )804=n( rebmuN )%( egatnecreP

egA 81 - 03 13 - 04 14 - 05 15 - 06

06>

redneG elaM

elameF

ecaR yalaM

esenihC naidnI srehtO

sutatS latiraM

elgniS deirraM

detarapeS/decroviD/dewodiW

noitacudE tsehgiH la sutatS rewol ro yramirP

yradnoceS ytisrevinU/egelloC

sutatS tnemyolpmE

segaw rof deyolpmE deyolpme fleS

efiwesuoH deyolpmenU/deriteR

emocnI ylhtnoM

enoN 0001MR<

0001MR - 0002 1002MR - 0004

39 19 39 38 84

022 881

191 641 46 7

801 982 11

31 902 681

002 84 74 311

201 25 811 301

8.22 3.22 8.22 3.02 8.11 9.35 1.64 8.64 8.53 7.51 7.1 5.62 8.07 7.2

2.3 2.15 6.54 0.94 8.11 5.11 7.72 0.52 7.21 9.82 2.52

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

7

0004MR>

htlaeh ot detaler noitapuccOerac

seY oN

noitapucco ’srebmem ylimaF

erac htlaeh ot detaler seY

oN

gnikomS seY

oN

lohoclA gniknirD seY

oN

noitidnoC lacideM cinorhC seY

oN

tisiV ycamrahP/cinilC fo rebmuN enoN

1- semit 4 5- semit 01

semit 01>

33

47 433

78 123

85 053

82 083

102 702

54 722 49 24

1.8 1.81 9.18 3.12 7.87 2.41 8.58 9.6 1.39 3.94 7.05 0.11 6.55 0.32 3.01

saw ereht ,sutats tnemyolpme eht rof sA rof deyolpme erew meht fo flah tsomla yb dewollof ,)%94( segaw stneduts gnidulcni deyolpmenu/deriter noitubirtsid lauqe na saw erehT .)%7.72( ehT .efiwesuoh dna deyolpme fles neewteb

m dah stnednopser eht fo ytirojam ylhtno0001MR morf degnar emocni - ,)%9.82( 0002

ylnO .)%1.8( 0004MR> puorg tsael eht htiw ylimaf dna ’stnednopser eht fo ytironim a

ot detaler erew noitapucco ’srebmem %3.12 dna %1.81 htiw erac htlaeh non erew meht fo tsoM .ylevitcepser

n dna )%8.58( rekoms .)%1.39( cilohocla no egasU citoibitnA gnoma stnednopseR

eht fo )811=n( %9.82 saw erehT gnisu fo ecneirepxe eht dah stnednopser eht erofeb htnom eno nihtiw citoibitna yllacitsitatS .detcudnoc saw yevrus neewteb deton erew secnereffid tnacifingis

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

8

uorg ega dna ,)410.0=p( ecar ,)720.0=p( p eht ni ycamrahp/cinilc ot tisiv fo ycneuqerf eht ot esnopser ni )100.0<p( shtnom 21 tsal ot htnom eno roirp nihtiw citoibitna fo esu citoibitna koot ohw esohT .yevrus eht tsehgih eht htiw puorg ega gnoma deirav

ht gnoma esu 13 fo noitareneg regnuoy e - 0481 dna )%3.63( dlo sraey - dlo sraey 03

.)%3.23( tsael eht saw )dlo sraey 06>( ylredle ehT yltnecer citoibitna eht desu ohw puorg ni secar tnereffid eht gnomA .)%4.01(

tsehgih eht rof detutitsnoc naidnI ,aisyalaM fo egasu yb dewollof )%1.93( citoibitna

.)%9.12( esenihC dna )%9.13( yalaM tneuqerf tsom eht dah ohw stnednopseR eht revo ycamrahp/cinilc ot )semit 01>( tisiv eht rof detnuocca shtnom 21 suoiverp elihw ,)%5.04( citoibitna fo egasu tsehgih

5 detisiv esoht - a semit 01 1 dn - erew semit 4 erew erehT .ylevitcepser %2.82 dna %4.93 esu citoibitna ni secnereffid tnacifingis on

ma selbairav cihpargomed rehto gno )2 elbaT( .

.2 elbaT fo noitaicossA D cihpargome C htiw citsiretcarah R tnece U fo es A citoibitn .

scitsiretcarahC

)htnom eno roirP( citoibitnA fo esU tneceR eulav P

χ( 2 rehsiF /tset)tset tcaxE seY oN

egA 81 - 03 13 - 04 14 - 05 15 - 06

06>

)%3.23( 03 )%3.63( 33 )%0.82( 62 )%9.82( 42

)%4.01( 5

)%7.76( 36 )%7.36( 85 )%0.27( 76 )%1.17( 95 )%6.98( 34

720.0

ecaR yalaM

esenihC naidnI srehtO

)%9.13( 16 )%9.12( 23 )%1.93( 52

)%0.0( 0

)%1.86( 031 )%1.87( 411

)%9.06( 93 )%0.001( 7

*410.0

tisiV ycamrahP/cinilC enoN

1- semit 4 5- semit 01

semit 01>

)%0.0( 0

)%2.82( 46 )%4.93( 73 )%5.04( 71

)%0.001( 54 )%8.17( 361

)%6.06( 75 )%5.95( 52

100.0<

.tset tcaxe rehsiF morf seulav P*

%7.04 ,deniatbo sesnopser eht morF rof scitoibitna gnikat erew yeht detroper yrotaripser htiw dewollof saw sihT .revef

noitammalfni dna niap ,)%9.22( ssenlli yraniru htob rof %9.11 lauqe na dna )%3.51( rehtO .melborp niks dna noitcefni tcart

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

9

erew egasu citoibitna fo snosaer detroper ,melborp lanitsetniortsag elpmaxe rof

noitcefni rae dna niap tnioj ,ehcahtoot . nK fo leveL egdelwo

eht fo flah naht erom saw erehT evah ot nwohs )322=n ,%7.45( stnednopser naidem htiw egdelwonk fo level etaredom

.6 egdelwonk fo erocs latot )811=n( %9.82 roop gnivah fo yrogetac rednu llaf meht fo )76=n( %4.61 ylno dna egdelwonk fo level

snoc erew .egdelwonk doog gnivah sa deredi fo ecnereffid tnacifingis yllacitsitats A ega neewteb deton erew level egdelwonk fo slevel ,)100.0<p( secar ,)300.0<p( spuorg

emocni ylhtnom dna )100.0<p( noitacude saw egdelwonk fo level rooP .)100.0<p(

egnuoy eht ni dnuof ega noitareneg r81 neewteb - srehto sv %8.93( dlo sraey 03

gnoma ecnarednoperp rehgih ,)%23< ro yramirp ,)%43< srehto sv %1.63( syalaM srehto sv %8.35( level lanoitacude rewol

puorg emocni dna )%63< %9.15( 0001<MR)%13< srehto sv )3 elbaT( .

A fo ecruoS .1 erugiF citoibitn .

4.29

5.2 1.5

0010203040506070809001

debircserP tuohtiw cinilCnoitpircserp

ycamrahp liateR

)%( egatnecreP

citoibitna fo secruoS

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

01

D fo noitaicossA .3 elbaT cihpargome C htiw scitsiretcarah K egdelwon S stnemetat .

.oN tnemetatS tcerroC

rewsnA

tcerrocnI rewsnA

erusnU

( eulav P χ 2 )tset tcaxE rehsiF /tset

egA

redneG ecaR

acudE . .yolpmE emocnI .uccO ylimaF .uccO

.orhC ssenllI

/cinilC mrahP

tisiV

gnikomS

citoibitnA fo eloR 1 senicidem era scitoibitnA

.airetcab llik nac taht

313 )%7.67(

72 )%6.6(

86 )%7.61(

587.0 619.0 318.0 * 750.0 * 131.0 100.0 331.0 879.0 671.0 075.0 424.0

2 ot desu eb nac scitoibitnA.snoitcefni lariv taert

55 )%5.31(

472 )%2.76(

97 )%4.91(

407.0 219.0 273.0 * 286.0 * 870.0 395.0 100.0< 520.0 128.0 555.0 339.0

3 lla eruc nac scitoibitnA.snoitcefni

281 )%6.44(

401 )%5.52(

221 )%9.92(

047.0 037.0 *100.0< 300.0 * 671.0 100.0 041.0 344.0 746.0 532.0 001.0

4 detacidni era scitoibitnA /niap feiler ot .noitammalfni

621 )%9.03(

802 )%0.15(

47 )%1.81(

715.0 340.0 220.0 * 065.0 * 682.0 665.0 371.0 466.0 191.0 934.0 333.0

5 desu era scitoibitnA ot.revef pots

551 )%0.83(

091 )%6.64(

36 )%4.51(

360.0 324.0 < 00.0 *1 853.0 * 869.0 820.0 740.0 311.0 551.0 960.0 944.0

citoibitnA fo noitacifitnednI 6 .citoibitna na si nillicineP

481

)%1.54( 55

)%5.31( 961

)%4.14( 900.0

870.0 *100.0< *100.0< 901.0 230.0 922.0 880.0 900.0 926.0 560.0

7 wen a si niripsA.citoibitna fo noitareneg

931 )%1.43(

48 )%6.02(

581 )%3.54(

< 00.0 1 240.0 200.0 * 470.0 * 020.0 510.0 557.0 861.0 412.0 773.0 722.0

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

11

.tset tcaxe rehsiF morf seulav P*

8 si lomatecaraP na sa deredisnoc

.citoibitna

232 )%9.65(

65 )%7.31(

021 )%4.92(

200.0 545.0 640.0 * *100.0< 310.0 710.0 768.0 880.0 130.0 100.0< 100.0

9 ton si enimardyhnehpiD.citoibitna na

34 )%5.01(

84 )%8.11(

713 )%7.77(

100.0 352.0 *018.0 893.0 * 652.0 221.0 500.0 525.0 190.0 *063.0 617.0

sregnaD citoibitnA fo 01 nac citoibitna fo esurevO

citoibitna esuac.ecnatsiser

142 )%1.95(

12 )%1.5(

641 )%8.53(

< 00.0 *1 424.0 500.0 * 191.0 * 921.0 772.0 020.0 331.0 100.0< 744.0 * 640.0

11 esuac yam scitoibitnA.noitcaer cigrella

022 %9.35( )

36 )%4.51(

521 )%6.03(

561.0 016.0 630.0 * 301.0 * 468.0 510.0 275.0 205.0 651.0 792.0 803.0

21 ton od scitoibitna llA.stceffe edis esuac

681 )%6.54(

49 )%0.32(

821 )%4.13(

797.0 044.0 *100.0< 100.0 * 739.0 322.0 134.0 515.0 490.0 803.0 442.0

esruoC tnemtaerT fo noitelpmoC 31 lluf a gnikat pots nac uoY

fi citoibitna fo esruoc era smotpmys ruoy

.gnivorpmi

092 )%1.17(

19 )%3.22(

72 )%6.6(

900.0 427.0 333.0 * 400.0 * 651.0 724.0 235.0 704.0 183.0 653.0 312.0

41 fo ssenevitceffe ehT a fi decuder si tnemtaert si citoibitna fo esruoc lluf

.detelpmoc ton

352 )%0.26(

09 )%1.22(

56 )%9.51(

050.0 372.0 360.0 * 550.0 * 621.0 368.0 386.0 231.0 520.0 835.0 302.0

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

isaW inalliG 2:)1(1 ;1102 PCRPJ ,la.te S f - 71

21

citoibitnA sdrawot sedutittA egasU sedutitta gnidrager sesnopser eht morF

egasu citoibitna sdrawot )4 elbaT( %83 , a gnivah nehw citoibitna gnikat deveileb erom retteb teg meht pleh dluoc dloc ot citoibitna detcepxe %3.74 elihw ylkciuq gnireffus erew yeht nehw debircserp eb

nommoc morf saw hcihw smotpmys dloc ni esnopser evitagen fo etar tsehgih eht taht deerga %73 saw erehT .noitces siht nehw citoibitna gnikat pots dluow yeht

rewol ylbaredisnoC .retteb gnileef detrats

deerga stnednopser eht fo noitroporp rieht htiw scitoibitna gnirahs erew yeht citoibitna gnipeek ,)%1.9( srebmem ylimaf )%51( esu ycnegreme rof emoh ta kcots rof citoibitna revotfel gnisu dna eht fo %09 revO .)%2.3( ssenlli yrotaripser

demialc stnednopser wollof dluow yeht fo eton ekat dna lebal eht no noitcurtsni .citoibitna gnikat elihw etad yripxe eht stnednopser fo %11 naht ssel erew erehT

rof ’erusnu‘ detroper ni stnemetats eht lla.noitces sedutitta

2 erugiF P fo sesnopseR . A gnidrageR cilbu edutitt S stnemetat .

4.4

4.4

2.3

51

1.9

73

3.74

83

4.3

5.2

3.8

9.4

7.2

2.3

5.01

8.8

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

fo etad yripxe eht ta kool lliw yllamron I )8ti gnikat erofeb citoibitna

eht ot gnidrocca citoibitna ekat lliw I )7lebal eht no noitcurtsni

yrotaripser a rof citoibitna revotfel esu lliw I )6ssenlli

ni emoh ta kcots citoibitna peek yllamron I )5ycnegreme fo esac

evig lliw yllausu I ,kcis si rebmem ylimaf ym fI )4meht ot citoibitna ym

trats I nehw citoibitna gnikat pots yllamron I )3retteb gnileef

ym yb debircserp eb ot citoibitna tcepxe I )2smotpmys dloc nommoc morf reffus I fi rotcod

pleh ot citoibitna ekat lliw I ,dloc a teg I nehW )1 ylkciuq erom retteb teg em

)%( egatnecrePesnopser evitageN

erusnU

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

inalliG S fisaW ,la.te PCRPJ 1102 :)1(1 ; 2- 71 31

4 elbaT . fo noitaicossA D cihpargome S edutittA htiw scitsiretcarahC stnemetat .

sesnopser evitisoP .tset tcaxe rehsiF morf seulav P* – 1 tnemetats rof ’eergasid‘ - .8 & 7 tnemetats rof ’eerga‘ ,6

.oN tnemetatS eergA

eergasiD erusnU

( eulav P χ 2 )tset tcaxE rehsiF /tset

egA redneG ecaR

noitacudE .yolpmE emocnI .uccO cinorhC ssenllI

gnikomS

1 lliw I ,dloc a teg I nehW em pleh ot citoibitna ekat

.ylkciuq erom retteb teg

551 )%0.83(

712 )%2.35(

63 )%8.8(

680.0 287.0 *100.0< *300.0 011.0 513.0 525.0 887.0 894.0

2 eb ot citoibitna tcepxe I rotcod ym yb debircserp

nommoc morf reffus I fi .smotpmys dloc

391 )%3.74(

271 )%2.24(

34 )%5.01(

750.0 732.0 *410.0 *010.0 804.0 002.0 736.0 231.0 841.0

3 gnikat pots yllamron I trats I nehw citoibitna

.retteb gnileef

151 )%0.73(

442 )%8.95(

31 )%2.3(

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4 si rebmem ylimaf ym fI ym evig lliw yllausu I ,kcis

.meht ot citoibitna

73 )%1.9(

063 )%2.88(

11 )%7.2(

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5 citoibitna peek yllamron I

fo esac ni emoh ta kcots.ycnegreme

16 )%0.51(

723 )%1.08(

02 )%9.4(

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6 revotfel esu lliw I a rof citoibitna

.ssenlli yrotaripser

31 )%2.3(

163 )%5.88(

43 )%3.8(

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7 citoibitna ekat lliw I eht ot gnidrocca

.lebal eht no noitcurtsni

083 )%1.39(

81 )%4.4(

01 )%5.2(

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8 ta kool lliw yllamron I eht citoibitna fo etad yripxe

.ti gnikat erofeb

673 )%2.29(

81 )%4.4(

41 )%4.3(

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naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

inalliG S fisaW ,la.te PCRPJ 1102 :)1(1 ; 2- 71 41

NOISSUCSID ,selbairav cihpargomed suoirav gnomA ot nwohs saw egdelwonk fo ycauqedani ,ega htiw yltneuqerf tsom detaler eb .level emocni dna noitacude ,ecar nwohs selbairav cihpargomed ,ylralimiS erew level noitacude dna ecar ,ega yb selbairav tneuqerf tsom eht gnoma eht htiw detaicossa yltnacifingis sihT .egasu citoibitna sdrawot sedutitta

81( ega regnuoy yb detacidni saw - 03 rewol ro yramirp ,yalaM ,)dlo sraey level emocni dna level noitacude .puorg elbarenluv tsom eht sa 0001<MR ralimis detroper osla syevrus rehtO

if puorg regnuoy taht sgnidn ]9 ,8[ rewol , noitacifilauq lanoitacude ]01 ,9 ,8[ dna

puorg emocni rewol ]01 ,8[ ssel erew .scitoibitna tuoba elbaegdelwonk rehgih htiw stnednopser erom ,revewoH evah ot deton erew )0004MR( emocni eht ot gniniatrep egdelwonk etauqedani

oibitna fo elor noitcefni lairetcab rof cit hcihw stnemetats rehto ot desoppo sa rewol htiw esoht ni ycauqedani dewohs nwohs noitalupop yalaM ediseB .emocni ereht ,puorg elbarenluv tsom eht eb ot dnuof naidnI htiw snoitpecxe emos erew egdelwonk etauqedani evah ot

iniatrep fo noitacifitnedisim eht ot gn dna citoibitna sa lomatecarap noitatcepxe htiw sedutitta etairporppani rehtO .sdloc nommoc rof citoibitna fo ssenlli cinorhc gnivah sa hcus elbairav egdelwonk retteb htiw detaicossa saw

tad tnetsisnocni saerehw ,sedutitta dna a cihpargomed rof deniatbo saw noitapucco ot noitaler ni scitsiretcarahc elaM .sutats tnemyolpme dna osla erew rekoms non dna stnednopser erehT .egdelwonk retteb evah ot nwohs devresbo ecnereffid ecnacifingis on saw hcihw selbairav cihpargomed rehto rof

w lanoitacudE .evoba denoitnem ton ere detegrat eb dluohs ygetarts dna troffe

evorpmi ot puorg sucof eht ta yliramirp

ni sedutitta fo segnahc dna egdelwonk

.egasu citoibitna tuohtiw citoibitnA fo ytilibaliavA lagellI

noitpircserP t fo lortnoc tneiciffusnI fo ytilibaliava eh

ot detubirtnoc yltrap eb dluoc citoibitna eht ni esu citoibitna reporpmi eht rehto ni detroper saw tI .ytinummoc ot ytilibissop saw ereht taht seirtnuoc lacidem a tuohtiw scitoibitna teg si ecitcarp siht hguoht neve noitpircserp

lagelli ]11 ,7[ ,ogaboT dna dadinirT nI .niatbo stnednopser eht fo evif ni eno de

retnuoc eht revo sa scitoibitna rieht seicamrahp etavirp ta snoitacidem

,noitpircserp s’rotcod tuohtiw ]11[ gnoK gnoH ni yevrus rehtona saerehw scitoibitna gniniatbo %9 detartsnomed

noitpircserp tuohtiw ]01[ yduts ruO . lagelli fo )%6.7( egatnecrep rewol htiw eb dluoc citoibitna fo ecruos saw yevrus siht sa detamitserednu latipsoh tnemnrevog a ni detcudnoc dedeen saw noitpircserp lamrof hcihw dluow eW .snoitacidem gnitteg rof

itroporp rehgih a etamitse gnoma no citoibitna deniatbo evah dluoc cilbup dna weiver rotcod reporp tuohtiw fo ytissecen eht fo noitatlusnoc sevresed aera yarg sihT .citoibitna eht wonk ot noitagitsevni rehtruf retnuoc eht revo fo ecnatropmi evitaler

per dah yevrus naeporuE A .selas detro sa citoibitna fo gnisnepsid eht saw senicidem ylno noitpircserp fo etar rewol eht ot detaler wohemos esusim yltneuqesbus dna derots emoh

citoibitna fo ]42 ,32[ htlaeh ,hcus sA . eht erahs dluohs slanoisseforp erac fo esusim eht fo seitilibisnopser

.cilbup yb citoibitna esU citoibitnA evorpmI ot serusaeM

fo aera eht gnitcelfer atad eht htiW eht ni tnemevlovni cilbup fo ycauqedani ygetarts dnuos a ,citoibitna fo esusim .cilbup eht etacude ot dennalp eb dluoc

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

inalliG S fisaW ,la.te PCRPJ 1102 :)1(1 ; 2- 71 51

neeb dah sngiapmac citoibitna lareveSirtnuoc rehto ni nekatrednu sa hcus se

teG‘ ,niatirB ni ngiapmaC ’citoibydnA‘ sguB oD‘ dna SU ni ngiapmaC ’tramS ’tramS teG‘ ehT .adanaC ni ’?sgurD deeN CDC yb detaitini ngiapmac lanoitan dna lortnoC esaesiD rof sretneC( eht ot dethgilhgih dah )noitneverP

ht )1 :sgniwollof eht cilbup secnereffid e ,snoitcefni lairetcab dna lariv neewteb lariv rof krow ton od scitoibitna )2 tsom ,sdloc nommoc sa hcus snoitcefni dnamed ton od )3 ,ulf dna shguoc ot ecnailpmoc )4 ,rotcod morf citoibitna ekat ton od )5 dna ,citoibitna debircserp

scitoibitna rehtona rof debircserp esu erutuf rof scitoibitna evas ro nosrep

]52[ eb dluoc stnemele yek esehT . ruo ni margorp noitacude otni detpoda ruoy wonk‘ ,aisyalaM nI .gnittes ecnis detaitini saw ngiapmac ’enicidem

hcihw 6002 raey dna etacude ot demia dna wonk ot slliks htiw cilbup piuqe esu ot ,senicidem rieht dnatsrednu ot thgir rieht dna yllanoitar senicidem

senicidem no noitamrofni teg ]9[ sihT . ta yliramirp detegrat ton saw ngiapmac emos ,yltnecer tub ,es rep scitoibitna

neeb dah sucof sa citoibitna ot nevig edam saw citoibitna gnidrager telhpmap yduts siht fo dne raen eht ta elbaliava cilbup eht ot noitidda nI .)9002 caM 61( cinilc ,segassem elpmis htiw ngiapmac ytinummoc dna noitacude tneitap desab

tseggus rehto era seitivitca hcaertuo de cilbup eht rof snoitnevretni lanoitacude

]22[ tca lanoitacude ehT . dluohs seitivi cilbup esaercni ot troffe deniatsus a eb dluohs taht esu citoibitna fo ssenerawa larutluc ,gnitekram laicos yolpme dna gnitegrat noitalupop ,noitatpada

serusaem emoctuo etairporppa ]2[ . margorp noitacude eht naht rehtO suounitnoc ,cilbup eht ta detegrat eht ot dedivorp eb dluohs noitacude gnithgilhgih yb srotcod dna stsicamrahp dna ecnatsiser citoibitna fo eussi eht

ni citoibitna fo esusim fo secneuqesnocairporppani ehT .ytinummoc eht et

eht ni scitoibitna fo gnilles /gnibircserp eht yb nevird eb dluoc ytinummoc tseretni tiforp dna dnamed ’stneitap eht ezidrapoej yam hcihw devresed erac lacidem /lacituecamrahp xelpmoc a si sihT .tneitap eht yb eb ot sdeen ecnalab a hcihw ni noitautis

ca dna msilanoisseforp neewteb deveih .laog ssenisub elbatiforp

eht ni citoibitna fo ytilibaliava ysae ehT lacidem tuohtiw ytinummoc tcirts detpmorp dluohs noitpircserp eroM .snoitaluger eht fo tnemecrofne tuo deirrac eb dluoc ecnallievrus evitca

rotinom ot eht ot ecnerehda eht erew scitoibitna erusne dna snoitaluger .snoitacidem ylno noitpircserp sa nevig htlaeH lanoitaN fo noitatnemelpmi ehT ecuder ot nwohs dah margorp ecnarusnI fo noitpircserp yrassecennu eht eb dluoc hcihw nawiaT ni citoibitna

tla rehtona yb detpoda eb ot evitanre seitirohtua htlaeh ruo ]71[ .

NOISULCNOC fo aera eht gnitcelfer atad ehT eht ni tnemevlovni cilbup fo ycauqedani ygetarts dnuos a ,citoibitna fo esusim

ht etacude ot dennalp eb dluoc .cilbup e cihpargomed tneuqerf tsom ehT detaicossa yltnacifingis scitsiretcarahc erew sedutitta dna egdelwonk htob htiw htiw level lanoitacude dna ecar ,ega rewol dna yalaM ,noitareneg regnuoy tsom eht sa deifitnedi level noitacude

rewoL .puorg elbarenluv saw emocni htiw detaicossa dnuof yltsom eht ton tub egdelwonk fo ycauqedani si tI .esu citoibitna sdrawot sedutitta ,dennalp llew a detseggus erofereht lanoitacude derutcurts dna dezinagro elbarenluv tsom eht ta gnimia margorp

pmi ot nekatrednu eb ot puorg evor.citoibitna fo esu etairporppa

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

inalliG S fisaW ,la.te PCRPJ 1102 :)1(1 ; 2- 71 61

SECNEREFER

.1 troper htlaeh dlrow ehT :7002 refas a :erutuf ts12 eht ni ytiruces htlaeh cilbup labolg

nagrO htlaeH dlroW .yrutnec .7002 noitazi elbaliavA ;detic[ :morf

.7002/rhw/tni.ohw.www//:ptth .2 ot sngiapmac lanoitaN ,.la te ,.H ,snessooG

,locamrahP nilC J ruE .esu citoibitna evorpmi373 .p :26 .6002 - .973

.3 .5002 enicidem no scitsitats naisyalaM eht dna noisiviD secivreS lacituecamrahP

niM .ertneC hcraeseR lacinilC htlaeH fo yrtsi :morf elbaliavA ;detic[ .aisyalaM

.sumn/ym.vog.crc.www//:ptth .4 ,namledE .R dna ,arnakimaL .A ,.N.I ,ekekO

srotcaf laroivaheb dna cimonoceoicoS ot ecnatsiser lairetcab deriuqca ot gnidael gnigremE .seirtnuoc gnipoleved ni scitoibitna

cefnI 81 .p :)1(5 .9991 ,sesaesiD suoit - .72 .5 dna larutluC ,nomoloS .H.D dna .J ,nrovA

citoibitna epahs)sim( taht srotcaf cimonoce fo sisab cigolocamrahpnon ehT :esu .p :331 .0002 ,deM nretnI nnA .scituepareht

821 - .531 .6 lroW no tropeR noitazinagrO htlaeH d

fnI gnimocrevO .sesaesiD suoitce htlaeH dlroW .ecnatsiser laiborcimitna

nagrO noitazi elbaliavA ;detic[ .0002 :morf suoitcefni/tni.ohw.www//:ptth - esaesid -

.0002/troper .7 esusim dna sweivretni s'tneitaP ,.C.J ,erehceP

sesaesiD suoitcefnI lacinilC .scitoibitna fo ,071S .p :)3 lppuS( 33 .1002 - .371

.8 dna sedutitta remusnoC ,.la te ,.J gnE nednaV suoitcefnI gnigremE .scitoibitna fo esu

8211 .p :)9(9 .3002 sesaesiD - .5311 .9 tuo em raew t'noD ,.la te ,.M.A.C ,ytluNcM -

ot sedutitta dna fo egdelwonk s'cilbup ehtibitna laiborcimitnA fo lanruoJ .esu cito

727 .p :95 .7002 ,yparehtomehC - .837 .01 sedutitta ,egdelwonk cilbuP ,.la te ,.S.H.J ,uoY

enohpelet A :esu citoibitna no roivaheb dna .p :63 .8002 ,noitcefnI .gnoK gnoH ni yevrus

351 - .751 .11 na ,ariereP .P.M.L ,.N ,imiraP ,rakahbarP .P d

fo esu dna snoitpecrep s’cilbup lareneg ehT naP .ogaboT dna dadinirT ni slaiborcimitna

11 .p :)1(21 .2002 ,htlaeH cilbuP J mA - .71 .21 dna esu citoibitnA ,.la te ,.A.E ,aignoleB

fo yevrus a :snoitcefni yrotaripser reppu,sedutitta ,egdelwonk ni ecneirepxe dna

evitneverP .atosenniM dna nisnocsiW643 .p :43 .2002 ,enicideM - .253

.31 cilbuP ,hcniF .R dna .M ,daehdooWnoitacude — fo lanruoJ .troper ssergorp a

.lppuS(06 .7002 ,yparehtomehC laiborcimitnA35i .p :)1 - .55i

.41 tacudE ,.la te ,.G.R ,hcniF snoitnevretni lanoi :ytinummoc eht ni esucitoibitna evorpmi ot no muroF lanoitanretnIeht morf troper .2002 ,muiuqolloc )RAFI(ecnatsiseR citoibitnA

44 .p :4 .4002 siD tcefnI tecnaL - .35 .51 ,egdelwonk latneraP ,gnaT .F.S dna .C.G nahC

itoibitna dna sedutitta reppu etuca rof esu c nerdlihc ni noitcefni tcart yrotaripser ni cinilc erachtlaeh yramirp a gnidnetta .p :)4(74 .6002 ,J deM eropagniS .aisyalaM

662 - .072 .61 latneraP ,irahaB .B.M dna .B ,aniaN

tcart yrotaripser reppu no egdelwonkmtaert sti dna noitcefni naisyalaM .tne

fo lanruoJ 1 .p :)1(2 .4002 ,secneicS lacituecamrahP - .7

.71 dna sedutitta ,roivaheB ,.la te ,.C ,nehC gnoma egasu citoibitna tuoba egdelwonk loiborciM J .nawiaT ,auhgnahC fo stnediser

35 .p :83 .5002 ,tcefnI lonummI - .95 .81 ,.A.F ,ottepiliF nk tneitaP ,.la te dna egdelwo

reppu fo noitpecrep ser ,snoitcefni yrotarip citoibitna tneitaP .ecnatsiser dna snoitacidni

53 .p :2 .8002 ecnerehdA dna secnereferP - .93 .91 ezis elpmaS .rotaluclac elbaliavA ;detic[ :morf

eziselpmas/moc.tfosoar.www//:ptth .lmth. .02 rof ecnerefni tcaxe fo yevrus A ,.A ,itsergA

.2991 ,ecneicS lacitsitatS .selbat ycnegitnoc131 .p :)1(7 - .351

.12 ni ,tset tcaxE ,letaP .R.N dna .R.C ,atheM ,6991 .swodniw rof 0.7 tset tcaxe SSPS

11 .p .cnI SSPS :LI ,ogacihC - .73 .22 aignoleB rof seigetartS ,ztrawhcS .B dna .A.E ,

yb scitoibitna fo esu suoiciduj gnitomorp866 .p :713 .8991 ,JMB .stneitap dna srotcod -

.17 .32 sdrawot sedutittA ,.la te ,.N ,´civeˇsodaR

laiborcimitna lareneg gnoma sgurd noitalupop ,aitaorC ni ,eceerG ,moryF

yragnuH dna aibreS , .ainevolS gurD dna ygoloimedipeocamrahP ,ytefaS

.9002 .42 dna lortnoC esaesiD rof sretneC( CDC

nehw wonK :tramS teG .)noitneverP

naJ ,ecitcarP lacinilC & hcraeseR lacituecamrahP fo lanruoJ - :)1(1 ;1102 hcraM 2-17

inalliG S fisaW ,la.te PCRPJ 1102 :)1(1 ; 2- 71 71

a .skrow scitoibitn elbaliavA ;detic[ 8002:morf oc/ecnatsisergurd/vog.cdc.www//:ptth

./ytinumm

.52 lacituecamrahP fo yrtsiniM( noisiviD secivreSoy wonK .)aisyalaM htlaeH enicidem ru

;detic[ .ngiapmac :morf elbaliavA .ym.vog.enicidemruoywonk.www//:ptth