population change 5 impact of migration
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8/6/2019 Population Change 5 Impact of Migration
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Impact of Migration
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The impact of Migration on population structur e : Consequences of Emigration
Reasons for emigrating
� Economic Migrants ² few opportunities to
earn money other than poorly paid farm work.
Leave to seek higher paid and more regular
wages of factory or service work. This is the
main cause for those leaving LEDCs and
moving to MEDCs E.g Polish workers
migrating to Lincolnshire to work on farms, incatering or as plumbers.
� Political Migrants ² refugees from civil war,
or a persecuted minority within their own
country. Seeking safety. E.g Kurds leaving N.
Iraq and E. Turkey and being rehoused in Hull.� Social Migrants ² seeking a better
opportunity for their future lifestyle. Often
affects families seeking a future with more
opportunities for their children. E.g families
leaving Britain for Australia / New Zealand.
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Category Example area Push & Pull factors +ve consequences (SOCIAL + ECONOMIC) -ve consequences (SOCIAL,ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL)
MEDCinternal
From NorthernEngland to SouthEast England
yFactory closure in traditional industrialareas (North East)yHigh rates of unemployment (NE)yHigher salaries (South East)yMore professional jobs (SE)yUniversities and social life (SE)
yReduced competition for jobs (North East)yLarge pool of labour (South East)yLarge market for goods (SE)yInflux of young, ambitious, talented peoplein 20·s-30·s (SE)
yLoss of ¶active population· (NE)yLoss of tax revenue (NE)yHigh demand for
accommodation --> rising houseprices (SE)yCongestion and overcrowdedservices (SE)
MEDCinternational
From Britain toAustralia / NewZealand
yCool grey climate (UK)yHigh urban crime rates (UK)yLack of unskilled/semi skilled jobs (UK)yOutdoor ¶sporty· way of life (Aus)
yYouthful, energetic culture (Aus)yLarge open spaces (Aus)
yLarger market for goods (Aus)yInflux of skilled workers (Aus)yIncreasing population in an underpopulatedcountry (Aus)
yLarger tax-paying population (Aus)yMoney sent back to elderly relatives (UK)
yLoss of families (UK)yIncrease in congestion (Aus)yIncreased demand for services(health / schooling) (Aus)
yRising demand for housing -->urban growth and rising houseprices (Aus)yPoor integration of newarrivals (Aus)
LEDCinternal
Rural-urbanmigration fromNE Brazil tocoastal citiessuch as Sao Paulo
yDrought/floods causing fall in farmingincomeyLack of schools/doctors for familyyNo desirable future for your kidsyLittle chance to own your own landyHope of regular paid work in the cityySense of modern lifestyle in the cityyShops, parks, buildings of the city
yLarger workforce in the city enablesindustries to select from a large pool oflabouryConstant influx of migrants means wagesare kept low (good for business owners)yThriving business culture in the city
yLack of affordable housingleads to slums (favelas)emergingyHigh levels of disease frompoor sanitation and watersupply in citiesyLow wages = bad for pooremployeesyGangs, crime and lawlessnesscharacterise the worst slumareasyRural areas lose youngestpopulation
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The impact of Migration on population structur e : Consequences of Emigration
Country of Origin Country of Destination
Advantages � Money is sent back to families on a regular basis
� reduces pressure on jobs ² more vacancies
for those who stay
� reduces pressure for farmland, health
services, education«etc
� reduces the birth rate (only ¶good· if the
country is overpopulated) as there are fewer
in the ¶parenting· age-group of 20s-40s as
they are those most likely to migrate.
� Provides an increase to the economically activepopulation and increases income-tax revenue
� brings essential skills to the workplace
� provides a low-wage workforce
� provides a larger ¶economically active·
population.
� increases consumer market for goods and
services� increases the birth rate as immigrants are often
of parenting age, and if coming from a Stage 2 or
3 country have a higher fertility rate than the
Stage 5 ¶host· population. This may be welcome
in an ¶ageing· destination where the number of
indigenous young people has been falling in
recent years.
Disadvantages � lose the most ambitious, intelligent and
skilled people
� lose the ¶parenting generation· ² may
reduce the birth rate (could be ¶good· if
overpopulated)
� leaves behind an ageing population
� those left behind become dependent on
money sent back
� lowers the general wages for all workers
� increases the need for housing
� increases the birth rate leading to a need for
more maternity care and school places.
� schools have to teach students with many
languages
� may contribute to racial conflict or ethnic
tensions with host population or between
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Impact of Migration on Population Structur e
Inner London Bradford, West Yorkshir e
In-migration to Inner London r esults in a
significantly higher µyounger adult¶ population
of 20-39. This is the age group most likely to
emigrate from one country to another. The
larger-than-UK-average of this age group is
starting to produce a larger number of 0-4
year olds. Mor e people of par enting age
incr easing number of births.
Bradford shows a µtypical¶ UK profile for most
age-groups except for the µunder 25s. The
historical migration of immigrants from India
and Pakistan to work in the traditional textile
industry is still evident in 2nd and 3rd
generation families with higher-than-UK-
average f ertility rates and slightly larger
average family sizes.
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See news r eport on who is mostwelcoming to migrants
Migrant workers 'boost UK growth'
Migrant workers from Eastern Europe are providing a
positive boost to Britain's economy, according to a report.
New immigration has helped to keep inflation under control,boost output and raise tax r evenue, r esearch by Ernst & Younghas suggested.
Workers from Poland and Slovenia ar e among those "plugginggaps in a variety of industries", the r eport said.TheUK is one of only thr ee EU states to grant full labour rightsto citizens from the 10 r ecent accession countries.
The Ernst & Young Item Club Spring For ecast said immigrationhad helped keep UK inter est rates half a percent lower than they
would have otherwise been.
Crest of wave
Some 300,000 immigrants have taken jobs in ar eas rangingfrom agricultur e to hospitality in the last thr ee years, the r eportsaid."We ar e on the cr est of a new immigration wave," said Prof essor Peter Spencer, the r eport's author. "The steady flow to the UKhas proved r emarkably positive for the economy
."As a dir ect r esult, the UK workforce has become younger, mor e flexible and economical, easing the pensions burden andkeeping inter est rates lower than many commentators wouldhave pr edicted."
See news r eport on who is not
welcoming to migrants