population management
DESCRIPTION
Population Management. Population Management. We will discuss techniques we will need to use to save species after we have already learned its basic population structure and the factors effecting it We will concentrate on techniques for: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Population Management
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Minimum Viable Population
• The smallest population for a species which can be expected to survive for a long time
• Many factors effect MVP – the study of those factors is often called Population Viability Analysis – or Population Vulnerability Analysis – or PVA
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English Skylark
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Metapopulations
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Metapopulation
• A series of small, separate populations united together by dispersal
• Thus even if all members of one population go extinct, other populations survive and dispersal from survivor populations can recolonize the area – a rescue effect
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Metapopulation Dynamics
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Bay Checkerspot Butterfly
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Populationdynamicsof BayCheckerspotButterfly
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Bay Checkerspot
Jasper Ridge
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Species persistence in metapopulations
Varies with factors effecting extinction and colonization such as:
• Distances between patches• Species dispersal ability• Number of patches
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Types of Metapopulations
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Possible mountain (desert bighorn) sheep dispersal routesDispersal corridors predicted by the best-fitting dispersal model (15/0̣10) and the HM population model, depicted with hill-shade topography. Black lines indicate least-costly corridor routes for corridors with, yellow lines indicate least-costly corridor routes that (a) were severed by anthropogenic barriers; or (b) were re-established by translocated populations. Corridors are presented based on (a) all extant populations within the study area, with and without current anthropogenic barriers considered; and (b) extant populations with and without those successfully reestablished by translocation, with current anthropogenic barriers considered. Epps et al. 2007
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Furbish’s Lousewort
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Population Management
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Population ManagementWe will discuss techniques we will need to use to save species
after we have already learned its basic population structure and the factors effecting it
We will concentrate on techniques for:• providing resources that may be scarce such as food or
water• controlling threats such as predators, especially human
predators• directly manipulating populations such as moving
individuals to new sites
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Providing Resources
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Coal tit at bird feeder in the U.K.
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Tufted Titmouse
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Distribution of Tufted Titmouse
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California Condor
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California Condor distribution – Pre-Historic
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California Condor in Southern California
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American Burying Beetle
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Feeding animals has two potential drawbacks:
1) it may foster long-term dependence on people, leaving animals vulnerable to starvation when feeding stops;
2) feeding concentrates animals and may make it easier for diseases to spread or for predators to find them
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Cooper’s Hawk
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Cooper’s Hawk at Bird Feeder
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Black Bear at Bird Feeder
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Chimps Eating
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Small Whorled Pogonia
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Adding water – Houbara Bustard
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Houbara Bustard
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Physical Environment -Thornber’s Fishhook Cactus
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Saguaro Cacti with Palo Verde Nurse Tree
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Red-cockaded woodpecker
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Red-cockaded woodpecker distribution
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Red cockaded woodpecker nest
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Artificial Reefs
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Artificial Reefs
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Artificial Reefs
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Hedgerows in England
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Hedge row complexity
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Species Interactions –Black-footed Ferret
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Black-tailed Prairie Dog
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Eastern Fringed Prairie Orchid
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Distribution of Eastern Fringed Prairie Orchid
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Sphinx Moth
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Hand Pollinating Fringed Prairie Orchid
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Cooperative Breeding in Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers
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Controlling threats to populations
• Especially small-scale, local threats
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Poaching – South Dakota
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Yellow Lady-slipper Orchid
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Letter to a Wild-flower Digger• “This letter is addressed, through the
columns of the State Journal, to that unknown person who last week dug up the only remaining yellow ladyslipper in the Wingra Woods. While your name is unknown, your action sufficiently portrays the low estate of either your character or your education. On the chance that the latter rather than the former is at fault, I address to you this letter. I address it to all whose gardens at this season suddenly blossom forth with new wildflowers lifted from other people’s woods.” – Aldo Leopold 1938
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Types of Mortality
Compensatory mortality occurs when human harvesting does not increase mortality above natural levels
Additive mortality occurs when human harvesting does increase mortality above natural levels
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Northern Bobwhite – Quail
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Native American Whale Hunting
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Limits to human caused mortality
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Black Rhinoceros
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Rhinoceros protection
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Indirect threats
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Florida Panther
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Florida Panther Distribution
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Panther mortality
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Panther Road Sign and Underpass
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Wildlife Overpass Banff NP, Canada
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Wildlife Overpass Catalonia, Spain
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Wildlife Overpass Netherlands
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Red Crab Crossing - Australia
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Grate at Entrance to Bat Cave