population rates of population change
DESCRIPTION
AS GeographyTRANSCRIPT
Rates of Population Change
A2 Geography
Rates of Growth
• These vary around the world but overall there is an upward trend.
• Changing fertility has effected birth rates around the world
Birth Control
• Is affected by 5 different factors:– Development– Social Traits– Cultural Heritage– Environment– Government
Development
• Improving living standards and quality of life
• Rising personal aspirations and wealth• Materialism• Increasing awareness of need for
sustainability and conservation• Extending Social services
Social Traits• Awareness of the wider need for birth control• Recognition of women's rights and career aspirations• Perception of children as an impediment• Sensitivity to the cost of raising children Expect to spend around £180,137 on their child from birth until the
age of 21 (Times online 2006)
Cultural Heritage
• Religious beliefs• Children as a symbol of male virility• Ignorance of possible birth controls• Focus on fertility
Environment
• High Infant mortality• No access to contraception or healthcare• Large extended families and support of
elderly• Reliance on cheap child labour
Government
• Need to balance population and resources• Facilitate access to contraceptives• Healthcare provision• Promotion through state education
Young Mothers
Family Size
Total fertility rate (TFR) and average completed family size (CFS), UK, 1951-2025
Teenage Pregnancies
Spread of Aids
• 1999 – 33 million people infected with Aids• China – 400,000 HIV positive• Rising cases in Russia, India and Nigeria• India accounts for 60% of all Aids victims
in Asia• Nigeria 1 person per minute is becoming
infected
• How will this affect Population Growth?
Key Terms for Unit
KEY TERMS
Endogenetic Optimum Population
Preventative Checks
Congenital Under population Sustainability
Exogenetic Overpopulation Dependency Ratio
Degenerative Distribution Female infanticide
Replacement level Structure Infant Mortality Rate
Natural Change Carrying Capacity Crude Death Rate
Choropleth Population Density Standardised Birth Rate
Migrational Change
Open System General Fertility Rate
Spider Diagram
• Draw a spider diagram of all the factors you would include when thinking of mortality rates and how they change
The Demographic Transition• Is a model that describes population change
over time.• It is based on observed changes, or
transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the past two hundred years or so
• it is an idealized• The model is a generalization that applies to
these countries as a group and may not accurately describe all individual cases. Whether or not it applies to less developed societies today remains to be seen.
Rostow’s Model