OOS=

SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

pTorCTroAi AkAivpfp lc efpTlofCAi obfkcloCba ClkCobTb pTorCTrobW CApb pTrav lc Teb alTobMlkT elrpb ENVPOF `ollette nuentinNI sanbeveren pteéhaneOI ptoffel mierreP ABpToACT

=Built=in=NVPO=by=the=recçgnized=Belgian=mçdern=architect=içuis=eerman=ae=hçninck=ENUVSJNVUQFI=the=structure=çf=the=açtremçnt=hçuse=lçcated=in=Brussels=is=characterized=by=thin=reinfçrced=cçncrete=castJinJélace=shellsK=qhe=bearing=structure=highlights=a=design=aéérçach=based=çn=structural=efficiency=and=the=use= çf= innçvative=building= techniques= EeKgK= the= finishing= techniques= çf= the= façadesFK= qçday= this=structure=needs=maintenance=and=éçtential=reéairs=have=tç=be=carried=çut=in=çrder=tç=avçid=majçr=future=damagesK= fn= çrder= tç= reséect= this= heritage= cçnstructiçn= Elisted=building= since= NVTTFI= any= rençvatiçn=attemét=shçuld=be=based=çn=an=integrated=aéérçach=with=sufficient=theçretical=and=technical=knçwJhçwK=qhe=research=éresented=in=this=éaéer=aims=tç=assess=the=bearing=caéacity=and=the=structural=safety=çf=the=açtremçnt= hçuse’s= structureK= A= multidisciélinary= analysis= is= used= tç= reach= this= gçalI= based= çn=histçricalI= architectural= and= structural= cçnsideratiçnsK= qhe= histçrical= and= architectural= analyses= deal=with= the=general=cçntext= çf= the=NVOMJPMs=Eneeds=and=design=éhilçsçéhyI=use=çf= reinfçrced=cçncreteFI=the=architectI=and=the=erectiçnI=survey=and=detailed=descriétiçn=çf=the=structure=Ein=situ=measurementsI=drawing=çf= the=élansFK=qhe=structural=analysis= investigates=the=cçntent= çf= the=fçrmer=design=érinciéles=and= calculatiçn= methçdsI= and= carries= çut= a= cçnfrçntatiçn= with= the= éresent= regulatiçns= Enumerical=mçdelingI= burçcçdesFK= cinallyI= the= rençvatiçn= érçcess= is= discussed= and= underlines= the= use= çf= less=intrusive=rençvatiçn=interventiçns=reséecting=the=histçrical=character=çf=the=hçuseK=

=heywords: eistorical reinforced concrete structuresI aotremont houseI ptructural analysis

and safetyI cormer calculation methodsI kumerical modelingI Maintenance and reéair

NK fkTolarCTflk =barly= reinfçrced= cçncrete= structures= frçm= the= beginning= çf= the= OMth= century= are= characterized= by=theçries=EeKgK=cçncrete=cçméçsitiçnI=material=érçéertiesI=calculatiçn=methçdsI=éermissible=stressI=etcKF=and=éractices=EeKgK=executiçn=technçlçgiesI=fçrmwçrk=systemI=cçncrete=vibratiçnI=éattern=çf=the=rebarsI=etcKF=that=were=in=éeréetual=evçlutiçn=xNzK==qhese=cçnstructiçns=reflect=knçwJhçwI=majçr=breakthrçughs=and=technçlçgical= imérçvements=develçéed=by=érecursçr= engineersI= theçreticians=and=architects=EeKgK=cK= eennebiqueI= bK= creyssinetI= dK= jagnelI= ie= CçrbusierI= iK= jies= van= der= oçheI= etcKFK= kçwadaysI=a=deélçrable= situatiçn= linked= tç= mçdern= architectural= heritage= attracts= attentiçnK= fn= mçst= cases= the=interest=fçr=emblematic=cçncrete=buildings=is=the=çutcçme=çf=a=crucial=needW=either=an=urgent=rençvatiçn=tç=avçid= irreversible=damages=çr=a= legal=érçtectiçn=tç=érevent= the=demçlitiçn= EeKgK= destructiçn=çf= the=Canneel= hçuse= ENVPNF= in= NVSV= tç= erect= a= brand= new= hçusing= cçmélexF= xOzK= qhis= research= aims= tç=highlight= the= remarkable= character= çf= heritage= cçncrete= structures= thrçugh= a= structural= analysis=integrating=alsç=histçrical=and=architectural=cçnsideratiçnsK=An=integrated=aéérçach=that=systematically=refers= tç= the= çriginal= cçntext= EdesignI= theçry= and= éracticeF= is= used= tç= gather= the= indiséensable=infçrmatiçn=needed=fçr=a=rençvatiçn=érçjectK=================================================N=mhKaK=fellçwshié=çf=the=oesearch=cçundatiçn=–=clanders=EctlFI=srije=rniversiteit=Brussel=EBelgiumFI==

aeétK=çf=Architectural=bngineering=EAoCeFI=quentinKcçllette]vubKacKbe=O=mrçfK=and=éresident=çf=the=aeétK=ØCçnstructiçn=and=Architecture’I=rniversité=iibre=de=Bruxelles=EBelgiumFI=

aeétK=BuildingI=Architecture=C=qçwn=élanning=EBAqirFI=steéhaneKvanbeveren]ulbKacKbe=P=peniçr=assçciate=engineerI=gwe=C=martnersI=éKstçffel]jzhKbe=

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qhe= açtremçnt= hçuseI= designed= in= NVPO= by= the= mçdern= architect= içuis= eerman= ae= hçninck= and=lçcated= in= Brussels= EBelgiumFI= was= the= chçsen= case= fçr= this= studyK= oesulting= frçm= mçre= than= SM=éreliminary=architectural=schemes=drawn=by=the=architect=tçgether=with=the=client=mhiliéée=açtremçntI=the= fully= reinfçrced= cçncrete= structure= avçided= a= demçlitiçn= in= NVTT= by= being= listed= as= a= heritage=building=that= same=yearI= thanks= tç= the=suééçrt=çf=tinstçn=périetI=Anne=san=içç=and=jaurice=Culçt=xOzK= By= merging= the= bearing= elementsI= the= walls= and= the= external= finishing= all= tçgether= intç= çne=cçméçnent=–=a=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shellI=the=revçlutiçnary=design=çf=the=hçuse=eméhasises=structural=efficiencyK= jçreçverI= the= façades= éresent= a= unique= distinctive= feature= with= bush= hammering= and=chiselingK=rnder=discussiçn=fçr=rençvatiçn=since=OMMSJMTI=an=agreement=was=fçrtunately=reached=and=the=rençvatiçn=wçrk=has=started=at=the=end=çf=OMNNK==

=OK Teb alTobMlkT elrpbI A obslirTflkAov abpfdk

OKNK The pioneer modern architect iouis eerman ae honinck ENUVS-NVU4F ‘fl n’y a éas d’esthétièue du béton armé E…F la beauté EestF le résultat de calculs exactsK’=xPzI=stated=the= architect= içuis= eerman= ae= hçninck= EiKeKaKhKF= in= NVPRK= qhis= statement= exéresses= well= his=innçvative=design=éhilçsçéhyI=symbçlized=by=the=symbiçsis= ØarchitectureJstructure’= that=cçnsisted=çf=imélementing=a= sçéhisticated=and=adequate=building=technçlçgy=tç=érçmçte=a=refined=architecture=çf=high=séatial=quality=xOzK=bager= tç=learn=abçut= the=structural=behaviçr=çf=reinfçrced=cçncreteI=iKeKaKhK=fçllçwed=a=séecific=training=abçut=this=material=at=the=Øbcçle=industrielle=de=Bruxelles’=and=tççk=later=advantage=çf=his=new=skills=tç=design=efficient=and=slender=bearing=elements=EeKgK=çétimizatiçn=çf=the=beam=deéthI=calculatiçn=çf=the=needed=rebar=diameterFK=curthermçre=he=éaid=attentiçn=tç=the=quality=çf=the=cçnstructiçn=çn=site=EeKgK=stirrués=séacingF=by=cçntrçlling=cautiçusly=xOzK=jçreçverI=his=érçfessiçnal=career= underlines= his= interest= fçr= the= develçément= çf= new= standardizatiçn= systems= fçr= the= building=sectçrX=see=fçr=examéle=the=érefabricated=system=fçr=lightweight=wççden=structures=Øjbqofhlp’I=the=hçllçw= masçnry= blçcks= ØpqAkaAoq’I= stud= wall= cçnstructiçn= using= metal= studs= Øisj’I= the=standardizatiçn=çf=dççrs=and=windçwsI=etcK=xOzK=qhe=technique=çr=technicité=was=the=selected=tççl=fçr=imélementing=the=new=érinciéles=érçmulgated=by=mçdern=architecture=in=terms=çf=functiçnalityI=cçmfçrt=and=séatial=quality=EeKgK=bearing=masçnry=walls=reélaced=by=beamJcçlumn=skeletçnsI=enlarged=bay=windçws=tç=érivilege=daylightI= etcKFK=eaving=been=a=member=çf=the=Belgian=divisiçn=Eestablished=by=sictçr=BçurgeçisF=çf=the=fnternatiçnal=Cçngresses=çf=jçdern= Architecture= ECfAjF=since=NVOVI= iKeKaKhK= had=been= influenced=by= the=CfAj’s= ideçlçgies=cçncerning=the=need=fçr=an=architectural=refçrm=in=adequacy=with=the=ecçnçmical=and=sçcial=mutatiçns=çf=that=timeX=new=techniques=and=standardizatiçn=were=indeed=necessary=tç=meet=the=massive=demand=fçr=accçmmçdatiçn=xOzK==OKOK The UM-year morphogenesis of the aotremont house ENVPO-OMNOF qhe=distinctive=feature=çf=the=Brussels’=cçntext=lies=in=the=length=and=narrçwness=çf=its=élçtsI=which=had=led=tç=high=and=deeé= terraced=hçuses=that=were=çften=insufficiently=lightedK=tith=the=avantJgarde=and=cubistic=geçmetry=çf=the=açtremçnt=hçuseI=iKeKaKhK=had=brilliantly=sçlved=this=érçblem=thanks=tç=the=use= çf= an= çéen=séace= Eie= Cçrbusier’s= élan libreF= reélacing= the= traditiçnal= Øsuite= çf= three= adjçining=rççms’I= éançramic=windçwsI=a=rççf= terraceI= and=small= inner=éatiçs=called= aéras=Esee=xQJTz=fçr=further=exélanatiçns=abçut=the=architecture=çf=the=hçuseF=xOzK=qhe=twç=façades=çf=the=hçuse=are=made=çf=NR=cmJthick=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shells=–=castJinJélace=–=that=suééçrt= the=lçngitudinal=bearing=beams=and=the=flççrs=made=çf=dçuble=qJbeamsK=Althçugh=nçwadays=the=Øcçncrete=shell’= terminçlçgy=wçuldn’t=be=used=fçr= such=a= thicknessI= the=technçlçgical= challenges=faced=at=that=time=Esçéhisticated=timber=falsewçrk=and=fçrmwçrk=system=tç=cçméensate=the=cçncrete’s=hydrçstatic= éressureI= vibratiçn= techniqueF= cçmbined= with= the= high= rebar= density= Erebar= meshes= and=cagesI =stirruésF =allçw=us =tç =refer =tç =the =wçrd =Øshell’ =EcigK =NFK =iKeKaKhK’s =use =çf =reinfçrced =cçncrete =shells=resulted=frçm=a=trial=and=errçr=érçcess=carried=çut=çn=the=hçuses=he=had=built=éreviçuslyK=cirstI=he=standardized= the= classic= brick= veneer= wall= EA= Caméç= hçuseI= NVOPF= with= his= ØpqAkaAoq’= hçllçw=masçnry=blçcks=EiKeKaKhK’s=hçuseI=NVOQFI=and=çéted=finally=fçr=cçating=frçm=NVOS=çnwards=Ewith=the=ienglet=hçuseFK=ee=then=develçéed=the=ØcAoCl’=system=tç=érçject=cçncrete=çn=the=façade=withçut=any=fçrmwçrk=ECanneel=hçuseI=NVPNFI=but=the=çbtained=surface=was=tçç=rçughK=cinallyI=fçr=the=first=timeI=in=NVPOI= the= finishing= and= the= bearing= structure= çf= the= façade= merged= intç= çne= unique= elementW= the=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shells=çf=the=açtremçnt=hçuseK=qhese=shells=were=erected=with=a=nçnJstandardized=fçrmwçrk= system= and= finished= with= bush= hammering= and= chiseling= EcigK= NFK= As= a= resultI= technical=

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=

cigK N EieftF=oebars’=élan=çf=the=main=frçntage=Eçriginal=drawingI=NVPOF=xUzX=Building=wçrks=çf=the=main=frçntage=with= EtçéJcentreF= and= withçut= EbçttçmJcentreF= the= sçéhisticated= timber= fçrmwçrk= system= xUzX= EoightF= mresent= ===========================state=çf=the=façade=during=the=rençvatiçn=érçject=EOMNOF=xnuentin=Cçllettez=

=PK mobifMfkAov AkAivpfp

PKNK Appraisal of the bearing structure and determination of the loads descent =

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cigK O ptructural=élan=çf=the=grçund=flççr=drawn=by=iKeKaKhK=in=NVPO=EleftF=xUz=and=BK=Baines=in=OMMS=EcentreJleftF=xVzX=aetailed=survey=çf=the=bearing=structureW=élan=çf=the=grçund=flççr=EcentreJrightF=–=with=a=view=çf=the=éçrch==

rççf=at=the=back=çf=the=hçuse=–=and=transversal=sectiçn=çf=the=hçuse=ErightF=Enuentin=CçlletteI=OMMVF=xOz==

Befçre =any =structural =analysis =can =be =carried =çutI =an =accurate =aééraisal =çf =the =bearing =structure =is =needed=tç=determine=and=calculate=the=aéélied=lçadsK=qhe=reliability=and=érecisiçn=çf=the=architectural=

OOV=

élans= drawn= by= BK= Baines= in= OMMS= xVz= clarified= sçme= cçntradictçry= infçrmatiçn= érçvided= by= the=çriginal =élans=EarchitectureI =structure=and=rebarsF =çf =iKeK =ae=hçninck=xUz =EcigK =OFK =eçweverI =thçugh=the=real=geçmetry=çf=the=hçuse=cçuld=be=cçnfirmed=by=cçnfrçnting=xUz=with=xVzI= the=determinatiçn=çf=the= bearing= elements= and= their= érecise= dimensiçns= were= still= unknçwnK= qhis= is= the= reasçn= why=structural=élans=çf=the=hçuseI=frçm=fçundatiçns=tç=flççrs=were=surveyed=in=OMMV=xOz=EcigK=OFK==Accçrding= tç= this= surveyI= the= flççrs= çf= the= açtremçnt= hçuse= cçnsist= çf= cçntinuçus= reinfçrced=cçncrete= dçuble= qJbeams= Elçngitudinal= directiçnF= cçvering= fçur= bays= EcigK= OFK= qhe= éattern= çf= the=rebars=çf=the=qJbeams=–=cçmbined=with=the=results=çf=a=lçcalized=numerical=mçdeling=–=indicates=that=each= flççr= bay= had= been= seéarately= designed= as= a= juxtaéçsitiçn= çf= fixedJend= beams= EcigK= PF= xOzK=qhese= flççrs= are= rested= çn= an= Øexternal= structure’= reéresented= by= the= twç= cçncrete= shells= çf= the=façades=and=an=Øinternal=structure’I=namely=a=beamJcçlumn=systemK=bach=transversal=bearing=beam=is=statically=indeterminateI=being=systematically=suééçrted=by=twç=cçlumns=Ered=sçlid=cçlçrF=and=fixed=by=a=bearing=éad=Esmall= cçncrete= lçad=distributiçn=beamI=cigK=PF= at= its= right= endI= in= the=éarty=wall=açtremçntJmauwels=EcigK=OFK===qhe=surface=lçads=aéélied=çn=the=flççrs=accçrding=tç=the=burçcçde=N=xNMz=are=equivalent=tç=the=values=mentiçned=in=the=çriginal=building=séecificatiçns=çf=NVPO=EtabK=NF=xUzW==TabK N mermanent=and=variable=lçads=EselfJweight=includedF=çf=the=flççrs=calculated=in=perviceability=EpipF=and=

rltimate=iimit=ptates=EripF=xOz==

mtot EpipF [kkLm²] mtot EripF [kkLm²]

oççf=flççr= QKNR= RKRN=

lther=flççrs= SKOR= UKTQ=

=PKOK Mechanical properties and design principles of reinforced concrete structures around NVPMs fn= the= building= séecificatiçnsI= iKeKaKhK= had= discussed= the= cçncrete= fçrmulatiçn= and= the= adequate=érçéçrtiçn=çf=aggregate=and=cement=xUzW=‘pauf stiéulation éarticulière de l’ingénieur en béton arméI le dosage du béton sera éour UMM litres de élaèuettes de éoréhyres de nuenast à granulométrie combinée R à OM mm: QMM litres de sable rude èuartzeux éur sans trace d’argile C PRM âg de ciment mKAKkK=EiKeK=kçrmal=Artificial=mçrtland=slçw=setting=cementF’K aecçrative=stçnes=EquartziteF=were=added=because=çf=the=Øexéçsed=aggregate=finish’=induced=by=the=bush=hammering=techniqueK=Accçrding=tç=the=cçncrete= designatiçn= çf= cçrestier= xNNz= and= micalausa= xNOz= –= whç= were= cçnteméçrary= with= the=cçnstructiçn=çf= the=hçuseI= this=cçméçsitiçn=Edesignatiçn=k°UF=belçngs= tç= the=categçry=çf= the=éçured=castJinJsitu= shaked=cçncrete= Ebétons coulésFK= ln=the=çther= handI= rammed= cçncrete= Ebétons damésF=–=higher =sustainability =and =resistance =érçvided =by =a =smaller =wLc =ratiç =– =was =characterized =by =a =high =fluidity= needed= in= case= çf= narrçw= fçrmwçrk= walls= andLçr= high= rebar= density= Eissue= linked= tç= the=wçrkabilityF= EcigK= NFK= ActuallyI= even= if= the= mechanical= vibratiçn= technique= already= existed= in= the=NVOMsI=manual=dynamic=ramming=was=still=the=mçst=cçmmçn=methçd=used=at=that=timeK=As=a=resultI=this=cçncrete=strength=can=be=cçméared=tç=a=CORLPM=class=tçday=Eburçcçde=OF=xOzK==

TabK O jaterial=strength=and=admissible=stresses=fçr=cçncrete=in=cçméressiçn=and=steel=in=tensiçn=accçrding==tç=cçrestier=xNNz=

=

Material Mechanical strength [Mma] Admissible stresses [Mma]

Cçméressive=strength=çf=Cçncrete=k°U=EPRM=kg=cementF==

OPKR== SKR==

qensile=strength=çf=steel=bars== ORM== NPM===qhe=design=érinciéles=çf= reinfçrced=cçncrete=structures= in=the=NVOMJPMs= largely=differ= frçm= the=çnes=used= nçwadaysK= pimilarly= tç= éresent= cçnsideratiçnsI= the= tensile= strength= çf= cçncrete= was= stated= as=a=ratiç=çf=its=cçméressive=strength=Ebetween=NLNM=and=NLNRFI=but=in=mçst=cases=it=was=recçmmended=tç=neglect=itK=Accçrding=tç=cçrestier=xNNzI=it=was=éreferable=tç=çét=fçr=a=design=strategy=that=avçided=the=need= çf= cçméressiçn= rebarsI= as= steel= was= a= mçre= exéensive= material= than= cçncrete= at= that= timeK=CçnverselyI=if=the=éredçminant=design=criteriçn=was=the=search=fçr=a=limited=flççr=thickness=Eand=thus=beam=deéthFI= the=beam=had= tç=be= symmetrically= reinfçrcedI= which= meant= that= the= same= number= and=

OPM=

same=diameter=çf=rebars=were=used=in=cçméressiçn=and=in=tensiçn=xNNzK=curthermçreI=rebars=were=made=çut= çf= mild= steel= Eqhçmas= érçcessF= –= smççth= surface= –= and= with= an= average= yield= strength= çf=ORM=kLmm²I=which=is=cçméarable=tç=a=pOPR=steel=grade=tçday=Ewhere=fy=Z=OPR=kLmm²FK=xOz=fn= çrder= tç= take= intç= accçunt= éçtential= cçnstructiçn= defects= and= the= relative= inaccuracy= çf= the=calculatiçn= methçdsI= safety= factçrs= were= aéélied= çn= the= mechanical= strengths= çf= bçth= materials= –=cçncrete=and=steel=–=but=nçt=çn=the=aéélied=lçads=xNNJNPzK=cçrestier=xNNz=recçmmended=safety=factçrs=çf=PKS=and=O=fçr=cçncrete=and=steel=barsI=reséectivelyI=tç=calculate=the=safety=stresses=alsç=called=Øtaux de fatigue à la coméression du bétonLdu métal à l’extension’=EtabK=OF=xOzK=

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4KNK Case study of the statically indeterminate bearing beam ØmoO4’ qhe=structural=analysis= cçnfrçnts= fçrmer= calculatiçn=methçds= and=éresent= regulatiçns= fçr= çne=chçsen=beamK=qhe=statically=indeterminate=transversal=beam=ØmçOQ’=shall=be=the=structural=element=at=the=basis=çf= this= dçuble=cçméarative=analysis= EcigK= PFK= puééçrted=by= twç=cçlumns= and= the= bearing=éad= çf= the=éarty= wall= açtremçntJmauwelsI= the= ØmçOQ’= beam=carries= the= dçuble=qJbeams= çf= the= first= level= flççr=Efçurth= lçadbearing=axis= Øa’I=cigK=OF=via= a= cçnstant= mçment=çf= inertia= Ebeam=deéth=Z=MKOU=mX=beam=width=Z=MKP=mF=EcigK=PF=xOzK==QKNKNK cormer calculation methodsI analytical aééroach qhe=first=cçméarative=analysis=aims=tç=clarify=and=understand=the=çriginal=design=chçices=çf=the=ØmçOQ’=beam=thrçugh=the=cçntent=çf=histçrical=manuals=and=bççksI=namely=cçrestier=xNNz=and=Cçsyn=xNPzK=qhe=çriginal=rebars’=élan=indicates=that=the=beam=was=symmetrically=EhighlyF=reinfçrced=in=cçméressiçn=and=in=tensiçn=with=steel=bars=çf=a=diameter=çf=PR=mm=EcigK=PFK=ealf=çf=the=lçngitudinal=bars=çf=the=secçnd=bay=Eéart=ØaNN’F=were=extended=intç=the=first=bay=Eéart=ØaON’F=and=anchçred=in=cçncrete=with=a=hççkJfçrm=Ethe=lçnger=anchçring=length=is=exélained=by=the=absence=çf=ridgesF=xNNzK==

=

==cigK P EqçéJleftF= oebars’= élan= çf= the= bearing= beam= ØmçOQ’= and= crçss= sectiçn= çf= the= bearing= éad= EtçéJrightF=Eçriginal=drawingI=NVPOF=xUzX=EqçéJrightF=ptirrués’=éattern=and=séacing=çf=a=qJbeam=under=single=bending=mçment=accçrding=tç=Cçsyn=xNPzX=jçdeling=çf=the=statically=indeterminate=beam=ØmçOQ’W=twç=juxtaéçsed=fixedJend=beams==

Ebays=k°N=C=OF=EbçttçmJleftF=and=their=reséective=crçss=sectiçn=AA’=and=BB’=EbçttçmJrightF=xOz==Based=çn=the=fçrmulas=çf=cçrestier=and=CçsynI=the=recalculatiçn=çf=the=needed=rebars’=sectiçn=in=the=tensile= zçne= çf= the= beam= Esecçnd= bayF= érçvides= values= ranging= frçm= NIRMM= tç= NITMM= mm²I= which=seems=tç=underline=the=çversizing=çf=the=élaced=lçngitudinal=bars=EQØPR=Z=PIUQU=mm²F=EcigK=PFK=qhe=çverestimatiçn=çf= the= lever=arm=Efçrce=equilibriumF= dçne=by=bçth=authçrs= –= taking=a= value=çf=MKVd=intç= accçunt= cçrreséçnding= tç= the= effective= deéth= –= might= be= the= cause= çf= this= differenceK=curthermçre= the= symmetric= reinfçrcement= çf= ØmçOQ’= reflects= the= extremely= safe= design= aéérçach=mentiçned=by=these=çld=manualsI=by=cçnsidering=that= cçncrete=dçes=nçt=cçntribute=at=all= in=bearing=cçméressiçn=fçrces=xOzK=

OPN=

QKNKOK mresent regulations EburocodeF and numerical modeling EmowercrameF qhe=secçnd=cçméarative=analysis=cçnfrçnts=the=rebars’=élan=çf=ØmçOQ’=drawn=in=NVPO=with=the=results=derived= frçm= calculatiçns= fçllçwing= the= éresent= regulatiçns= Ebk= NVVOI= burçcçde= OF= xNQzK= qhçugh=cçntinuçusI= the=élacement= çf= the=rebars=érçves= that= the=beam=ØmçOQ’= was= virtually=divided= intç= twç=bays=Etwç=fixedJend=beams=ØaON’=and=ØaNN’F=by=the=engineer=whç=designed=it=çriginallyX=he=resçrted=tç=simélifying=assumétiçns=tç=ease=the=calculatiçnsK==qhe =table =belçw =érçvides =the =results =çf =the =numerical =mçdeling =Ewith =mçwercrame =sçftware =xNRzF =regarding= the= minimal= sectiçn= çf= the= uééer= EsuééçrtF= çr= bçttçm= Eat= midJséanF= lçngitudinal= rebars= at=variçus=lçcatiçns=EtabK=PFK=thile=the=results=fçr=the=mçst=critical=sectiçn=çf=ØmçOQ’=Eleft=fixedJend=çf=bay=k°OF=shçw=similar=values=with=the=çnes=çf= the=rebars’=élan=EQØPO=vsK= QØPRFI= the=çther= reinfçrcements=can=be=cçnsidered=as=largely=çversized=EcigK=PFK=mractical=matters=Eérçlçngatiçn=çf=the=rebars=tç=limit=the=number= çf= different= rebars’= diameters= usedF= and= aesthetic= cçnsideratiçns= Esymmetric= reinfçrcement=needed=tç=minimize=the=beam=deéthF=justify=the=çversized=rebars’=sectiçns=çf=bay=k°N=xOI=NNzK==TabK P Cçméarative=analysisW=lçngitudinal=rebars’=sectiçn=AsIN mentiçned=çn=the=çriginal=élan=versus=the=results=

frçm=the=numerical=mçdeling=Esçftware=mçwercrameF=xOz==

iocation of the calculation oebars’ plan ENVPOFW AsIN [mm²] kumerical modelingW AsIN [mm²]

Bay=k°N=at=midJséan=EAA’F= NIVOQ=EOØPRF= QMO=EOØNSF=

Bay=k°N=at=the=right=fixedJend= NIVOQ=EOØPRF= SOU=EOØOMF=

Bay=k°O=at=the=left=fixedJend= PIU4U E4ØPRF PIONT E4ØPOF

Bay=k°O=at=midJséan=EBB’F= PIUQU=EQØPRF= UMQ=EQØNSF==Cçnsulting= histçrical= treatises= and= manuals= xNNI= NPz= éinéçinted= the= imérecise= and= littleJmastered=character=çf=the=shear=fçrce=theçryK=ActuallyI=the=stirrués=were=Øçéen’=sç=they=did=nçt=élay=the=rçle=çf=fçrce=transmissiçn=effectively=EeKgK=the=stirrués’=geçmetry=çf=ØmçOQ’I=clearly=visible=çn=the=elevatiçn=çf=the=bearing=éadI= cçnfirms= the= drawing= çf= Cçsyn= EcigK= PFFK= eçweverI= the= shçrtening= in= the= stirrués’=séacing=near=the=suééçrts=demçnstrates=the=engineer’s=insight=intç=the=shear=fçrce=diagram=EcigK=PFK=qhe=stirrués’=sectiçn=asw=Eéer=beam’s=unit=lengthF=was=calculated=at=the=critical=sectiçn=çf=the=beam=Eleft=fixedJend=çf= bay=k°OI= shear= fçrce=spd=Z=UUKSR=kkF=accçrding=tç= the= methçds= çf=burçcçde=O= EbCOF=EtabK= QFK= An= çutstanding= fact= is= the= high= similarity=between= the= bCO’s= calculatiçn= and= the= stirrués’=sectiçn=inferred=frçm=the=çriginal=rebars’=élan=EtabK=QFI=even=with=a=limited=understanding=çf=the=shear=fçrce=theçry=in=the=NVOMJPMs xOzK=

TabK 4 EqçéF=phear=fçrce=diagrams=EspdF=çf=the=beam=ØmçOQ’=Ebays=k°N=EleftF=and=O=ErightFFX=EBçttçmF=Cçméarative=analysisW=stirrués’=sectiçn=asw mentiçned=çn=the=çriginal=élan=versus=the=results=derived==

frçm=the=calculatiçn=based=çn=the=burçcçde=O=EbCOF=xOz=

spd xkkz

oebars’ plan ENVPOFW asw [mm²Lm] bCOW asw [mm²Lm]

NIVTV=EØSLNMcmF= NITTU==4KOK lverall structural safety qhe= results= çf= the= imélemented= structural= analysis= underlined= the= efficient= design= çf= the= bearing=elementsI= given= the= relative= gççd= cçrrelatiçn= with= the= requirements= çf= the= éresent= regulatiçnsK= fn=éarticularI=the=sectiçns=çf=rebars=in=tensiçn=and=çf=the=stirrués=fit=well=with=the=results=derived=frçm=the=burçcçdes’= calculatiçnsK= ln= the= çther= handI= the= analysis= éinéçinted= the= underuse= çf= the= rebars= in=cçméressiçnI=due=tç=aesthetic=cçnsideratiçns=that=cçnditiçned=the=design=çf=the=beams=–=iKeK=minimize=the=flççr=thicknessK=kçnethelessI=engineers=and=theçreticians=çf=that=time=were=aware=çf=the=çversizing=çf=these=cçméressiçn=rebarsI=which=çnly=reflects=design=simélificatiçns=and=ratiçnalizatiçn=fçr=the=çnJsite= building= wçrksK= As= a= resultI= inasmuch= as= the= infçrmatiçn= érçvided= by= the= çriginal= rebars’= élan=cçrreséçnds=with=realityI=the=bearing=structure=çf=the=açtremçnt=hçuse=is=safe=and=dçes=nçt=need=any=heavy=structural=rençvatiçns=xOI=NSzK=

OPO=

RK TltAoap A obpmbCTcri obklsATflk

RKNK deneral state of the structureI non-intrusive interventions diven= the= high= histçrical= significance= çf= the= hçuse= EavantJgarde= designI= innçvative= techniquesFI= the=main= rençvatiçn= éhilçsçéhy= had= tç= rely= çn= a= reséectful= aéérçach= érçmçting= lessJintrusive=interventiçns=EeKgK=wish=tç=cçnserve=the=çriginal=rebarsI=reséect=çf=the=cçncrete’s=cçlçur=and=textureFK==qhe=engineering=çffice=gwe=C=martners=–=reséçnsible=fçr=the=assessment=çf=the=çverall=stability=and=state=çf=the=hçuse=–=carried=çut=three=main=interventiçnsK=cirstI=underéinning=wçrks=were=carried=çut=tç= stabilize= the= sçil= underneath= the= çriginal= fçundatiçns= by= injecting= dolrqbu= Estructural= grçut=with= séecific= thixçtrçéic= and= rheçlçgical= érçéertiesF= tç= fill= the= vçidsK= A= éeculiar= detailI= the=reinfçrced=cçncrete=éçrch=rççf= Ecantilever= shellFI= attracted=attentiçn=due= tç= its=slenderness= EcigK= OFK=qhe=érinciéal=rebars=were=strengthened=in=çrder=tç=rectify=their= inaéérçériate=çriginal=geçmetry=and=élacement=Eéresence=çf=an=çutward=thrustFK=cinallyI=the=bush=hammered=cçncrete=çf=the=façades=was=reéairedK=qhe=very=small=and=suéerficial=cçncrete=cracks=were= injected= with=a= mineral= grçut=which=had= tç= be= very= liquid= and= with= a= lçw= shrinkage= effectK= AlsçI= a= limited= number= çf= small= cçncrete=séallings=caused=by=the=cçrrçsiçn=çf=rebars=were=reéaired=thçrçughlyK=All=in=allI=the=structural=survey=érçved= that= the= infçrmatiçn= érçvided= by= the= rebars’= élans= cçrreséçnds= quite= well= with= the= reality=Enumber= and= diameter= çf= the= rebarsFI= exceét= fçr= the= layçut= çf= sçme= çf= the= rebars= EeKgK= inadequate=cçver=deéthF=xOI=NTzK==RKOK oeinforced concrete shells peveral=éreliminary=steés= were=undertaken=befçre=the=reéair= çf= the=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shellsK=cirstlyI=a=visual=analysis=was=carried=çut=tç=determine=the=cçncrete=cçlçurI=the=average=size=çf=the=aggregatesI=etcK= EcigK= QFK= AlsçI= results= çf= a= éetrçgraéhic= analysis= Ecçre= saméles= çf= RM= mm= in= diameterF= shçwed=a=high= cement= cçntent= çf= QRBK= ln= the= whçleI= the= average= carbçnatiçn= deéth= is= smaller= than= the=cçvering= deéth= çf= the= rebars= and= stirruésK= qç= avçid= any= Øéatchwçrk’= effect= and= tç= remçve= the=iméurities= integrallyI= the= cçncrete= façades= were= cçméletely= washedK= qhis= alsç= enabled= a= better=çverview=tç=determine=the=rençvatiçn=interventiçns=needed=xNSI=NUzK==

=

cigK 4 EieftF=sisual=analysis=çf=the=bush=hammered=cçncrete=Emain=frçntageI=wall=belçw=the=windçw=sill=çf=the=first=flççrF=xNUzX=EqçéJcentreF=Aggregates=resulting=frçm=a=granulçmetric=analysis=çf=a=cçncrete=séecimen=Esifter=k°R=–=NO=xmmz=mesh=çéeningFW==the=chçsen=new=aggregates=EleftF=versus=the=çriginal=çnes=ErightF=xNSzX=EBçttçmJcentreF=sisual=cçméarisçn=between=the=çriginal=cçncrete=EleftF=and=a=testJséecimen=çne=ErightF=xNSzX=EqçéJ=and==

bçttçmJrightF=oençvatiçn=interventiçns=çf=bush=hammered=cçncrete=çn=the=main=frçntage=xnuentin=Cçllettez==pecçndlyI= the=adequate=cçncrete=cçméçsitiçn=had= tç=be=defined=sç=as= tç= reérçduce= the=same=texture=and= cçlçur= çf= the= çriginal= cçncreteK= A= granulçmetric= analysis= heléed= tç= reach= this= gçalK= A= cçncrete=séecimen==Esize=PM=cm=x=PM=cmI=NM=cm=thickF=was=taken=frçm=the=façade=and=dissçlved=in=hydrçchlçric=acid= EOPB= dilutedF= tç= extract= the=different= aggregatesK=qhe=aggregate=mix= marketed=under= the=name=ØClBl=silex=blanc=SLNO’ =seemed=tç=be=the=best =chçice=Ein=terms=çf =aééearanceI =cçlçurF =fçr =the=new=cçncrete= cçméçsitiçnI= but= its= size= distributiçn= curve= was= nçt= aéérçériateX= fçr= this= reasçnI= all= the=aggregates= were=sifted= intç=sifters=çf= different= mesh=çéenings= ENOI= QI=PI=O=and=N= mm=mesh=çéeningFK=qhe=results=were=satisfactçryW=the=new=aggregates=were=quite=similar=tç=the=çriginal=çnes=EcigK=QFK=qhe=cut= éieces= çf= the= cçncrete= séecimen= –= befçre= being= dissçlved= –= allçwed= tç= determine= the= çriginal=cçlçur= çf= the=cement= which= was= whiteK= qhe= white=cement= ØCBo= Cbj= ffLAJii= QOKR= k’= Eminimum=

OPP=

cçméressive=strength=çf=QOKR=jma=çn=the=OUth=day=after=éçuringF=was=chçsen=fçr=the=manufacturing=çf=cçncrete= testJséecimensK= eçweverI= the=cçlçur= çbtained= çn= the= first= testJséecimens= was= tçç= white= in=cçméarisçn=with=the=slightly=yellçw=tint=çf=the=çriginal=cçncrete=çf=the=façadesX=this=éhençmençn=can=be=exélained=by=the=fact=that=the=çriginal=NVPO=white=cement=was=less=éure=than=the=çne=manufactured=nçwadaysK= A= small= érçéçrtiçn= çf= çchre= éigment= was= added= tç= the= cçncrete= mixture= tç= cçrrect= the=cçlçur= EcigK= QFK= qhus= the= gained= insight= intç= the= sizeI= cçlçur= and= tyée= çf= aggregatesI= the= tyée= çf=cementI=and=the=cçlçur=çf= the=bush=hammered=cçncrete=allçwed=tç=bear=a=clçse=resemblance=with=the=çriginal=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shells=çf=the=façades=xNSI=NUzK=qhe= final= steé= was= the= reéair= çf= the= cçncrete= séallings= itselfK= After= remçving= the=damaged=cçncrete=areasI=the=cçrrçded=rebars=were=cleaned=çff=and=then=rust=érççfedK=An=imérçved=hydraulic=mçrtar=with=twç= éreJmeasured= cçméçnents= was= used= fçr= the= cçncrete= reéairsK= qhe= mçrtar= cçntained= hydraulic=bindersI=sandI=additives=and=synthetic=fibersK=diven=the=small=areas=tç=be=reéairedI=a=handJheld=chisel=was= used= as= a= tççl= tç= reérçduce= the= çriginal= distinctive= finishing= çf= the= façadesI= namely= bush=hammering=EcigK=QF==xNTzK==SK ClkCirpflkp =qhe= design= éhilçsçéhy= çf= the= açtremçnt= hçuse= érçves= that= architectural= and= structural= matters= are=inseéarableK=qhanks=tç=his=exéerience=and=technical=backgrçundI=iKeKaKhK=had=ingeniçusly=exélçited=the= mechanical= érçéerties= çf= reinfçrced= cçncrete= tç= imérçve= the= séatiality= and= functiçnality= çf= the=hçuseK=qhis= was=made=éçssible=by=the=use=çf=reinfçrced=cçncrete=shellsI=castJinJélaceI=which=reflects=the=çutcçme=çf=an=innçvative=research=érçcessK=qhese=Ømultifunctiçnal’=shells=cçmbined=the=finishing=and= the=bearing= structure= intç= çne=unique= element= –= in= the= same= line= as= the=éreviçus= merge= çf= the=masçnry= wall= with= the= lintelK= qhe= çversized= cçméressiçn= rebars= çf= the= beams= cçnfirm= çne= çf= the=design=érinciéles=éçstulated=by= the= histçrical=handbççksW= the= symmetric= reinfçrcement= Ein= tensiçn=and= in= cçméressiçnF= as= a= way= çf= çétimizing= the= beam= deéthK= qhe= clçse= results= between= the=calculatiçns=derived=frçm=the=fçrmer=and=the=éresent=regulatiçns=underline=the=remarkable=relevance=and=accuracy=çf=the=fçrmerK=qhe=structural=analysis=and=çnJsite=surveys=highlighted=the=çverall=gççd=state=çf= the=UMJyearJçld= hçuseI=sç=that=çnly=minçr= reéairs=were=needed=Elçcalized= injectiçnsI= limited=number=çf=cçncrete=séallingsFK=fnJdeéth=éreliminary=analyses=–=visualI=granulçmetric=and=éetrçgraéhic=–=cçmbined=with=the=manufacture=çf=testJséecimens=were=required=befçre=any=rençvatiçn=interventiçn=was= dçne= çn= the= cçncrete= çf= the= façadesK= By= taking= advantage= çf= the= cçmbinatiçn= çf= histçricalI=architectural= and= structural= cçnsideratiçnsI= the= érçvided= backgrçund= infçrmatiçn= cçntributed= tç= the=aéérçériate= and= successful= rençvatiçn= çf= a= listed= reinfçrced= cçncrete= structure= finished= with= bush=hammering=and=chiselingI=which=was=a=unique=érçject=in=Belgium!===AChkltibadbMbkTp =qhe=authçrs=wçuld=like=tç=thank=cabrice=oans=–=the=éreviçus=çwner=çf=the=açtremçnt=hçuse=–=fçr=his=kind= and= essential= helé= Erewarding= meetingsI= éicturesI= élansI= etcKFK= te= are= alsç= grateful= tç= Bernard=BainesI =Bernard =bséiçnI =jichel =mrçvçstI =oenaud =aesmetI =ptééhane =auquesneI =tç =the =staff =çf =the =library= and= archives= deéartments= çf= the= ØAAj’= EArchives d’Architecture ModerneI= BrusselsI=BelgiumFI=and=tç=the=engineering=çffice=gwe=C=martners=EwwwKjzhKbeF=fçr=their=cçllabçratiçnK=cinallyI=the=authçrs=are=extremely=grateful=tç=Armande=eellebçis=Erniversité iibre de BruxellesI=BelgiumF=and=frenka=pchmalzried=ErpAF=fçr=their=revisiçnsK= obcbobkCbp xNz eellebçis= AKI= bséiçn= BK= EOMNNF= Cçncrete=érçéerties= çf= a= NVMQ= eennebique= reinfçrced=cçncrete=

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