Port Orford Ocean Resource Port Orford Ocean Resource Team: Team:

Partnering Local and Scientific Partnering Local and Scientific Knowledge With GIS for Knowledge With GIS for

Community-based ManagementCommunity-based Management

Vicki A. Wedell, Oregon State UniversityVicki A. Wedell, Oregon State UniversityDavid Revell, University of California Santa CruzDavid Revell, University of California Santa Cruz

AAAS Annual Meeting Feb 13AAAS Annual Meeting Feb 13thth 2004 2004

Today’s PresentationToday’s PresentationBackgroundBackground Physical settingPhysical setting Management ContextManagement Context The Port of Port Orford The Port of Port Orford Port Orford Ocean Resource TeamPort Orford Ocean Resource Team

Participatory GIS Research Design Participatory GIS Research Design and Methodsand Methods

Local knowledge interviewsLocal knowledge interviews Data AggregationData Aggregation Initial resultsInitial results ConclusionsConclusions

Port Orford...Port Orford...Latitude/Longitude: 42 44 45 N / 124 29 46 W Latitude/Longitude: 42 44 45 N / 124 29 46 W

Active Tectonics Lab, OSU

www.pcouncil.org

CharlestonCharlestonOregonOregon

Port OrfordPort Orford

Gold BeachGold Beach

BandonBandon

Cape BlancoCape Blanco

Port OrfordPort Orford

Port Orford DockPort Orford Dock

Coos BayCoos Bay

Current Management Current Management ContextContext

1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act (MSFCMA)(MSFCMA) Standard 8: we Standard 8: we mustmust assess assess

impacts to fishing communitiesimpacts to fishing communities Issue of scaleIssue of scale

Pacific groundfish crisis Pacific groundfish crisis (NOAA Fisheries Jan 2000)(NOAA Fisheries Jan 2000) Quota reductionsQuota reductions 50% capacity reduction50% capacity reduction 100-250 fathom in-season shelf 100-250 fathom in-season shelf

closureclosure

Port OrfordPort Orford

The Port Orford Fishing The Port Orford Fishing CommunityCommunity Small scale fishing-dependant Small scale fishing-dependant

communitycommunity ~40 vessels (<45 feet)~40 vessels (<45 feet) 100-150 people involved in commercial 100-150 people involved in commercial

fishing (10-15% of population)fishing (10-15% of population) 40 fishing families40 fishing families

No Coast Guard StationNo Coast Guard StationDiversity of Fisheries

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

Number of Fishermen

Number of fisheries executed

73% of 73% of interviewees interviewees participate in participate in 4-4-77 different different

fisheriesfisheries

Current Fisheries ExecutedCurrent Fisheries ExecutedPort Orford Fisheries

81.8%

63.6%

90.9%

0.0%

72.7%

45.5%

36.4%

18.2% 18.2%

4.5% 4.5% 4.5%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Dungeness crab

Sablefish Salmon

Shelf groundfishLive groundfish

AlbacoreHalibut Urchin Hagfish

Red abalone

Coon Striped Prawn

Mussels

Changes caused by Mgt. Changes caused by Mgt. RegulationsRegulations

Port Orford Ocean Port Orford Ocean Resources TeamResources Team

(POORT)(POORT) Local Advisory BoardLocal Advisory Board Science Advisory Science Advisory

Committee Committee Project ManagerProject Manager Communications Communications

CoordinatorCoordinator The key to our success!The key to our success!

POORT Vision: A sustainable fishery that combines the best science and local experiential knowledge for the community to make local fishery management decisions.

From Vision to Results…Science and Management ?s

Spatial data to answer ?s

New

Basemaps Interviews

Coop. Research

Biological

Socio-econ.

SubstrateSubstrate

Fish Fish CountsCounts

UrchinsUrchins

Etc…Etc…

Existing

http://http://www.coastalatlas.netwww.coastalatlas.net

Some Coastal Atlas Some Coastal Atlas layers…layers…

1996 ODFW Fish 1996 ODFW Fish SurveySurvey

ODFW Nearshore Rocky ODFW Nearshore Rocky Reef Project (1997-2000)Reef Project (1997-2000)

NOAA Nautical NOAA Nautical ChartsCharts

Seafloor Mapping Lab, OSUSeafloor Mapping Lab, OSU

Groundfish Fleet Groundfish Fleet Restructuring and Restructuring and

Information Analysis Information Analysis ProjectProject

ConceptuaConceptua

l Modell Model

GIS GIS LayersLayers

High resolution High resolution case study of Port case study of Port OrfordOrford

Documenting Local Documenting Local KnowledgeKnowledge

Pilot interview and community

presentation

Create base maps

and interview protocol

Conduct LKI with

community members

Validation interviews with

participants

Aggregate individual maps into

draft inventory

Transcribe and digitize individual interviews

Community validation workshop

Incorporate edits and

create final inventory maps

In progressIn progress

Nautical chartsNautical charts

Fathom contoursFathom contours

Local place namesLocal place names

––focus groupfocus group

GIS base maps: GIS base maps: communication & communication & process toolprocess tool

Confidentiality AgreementsConfidentiality Agreements Semi-structured interviewsSemi-structured interviews

1.1. Demographics & vessel Demographics & vessel informationinformation

2.2. Distribution of human usesDistribution of human uses3.3. Relative economic importanceRelative economic importance4.4. Distribution of species and Distribution of species and

resourcesresources5.5. Open microphoneOpen microphone

Location information recordedLocation information recorded Drew on acetate Drew on acetate overlaysoverlays Verbally referenced place nameVerbally referenced place name Depth delineated areasDepth delineated areas

Local knowledge Local knowledge interviewsinterviews

LKI LKI ParticipantsParticipants

Average age: 51 yearsAverage age: 51 years

Average experience: 20+ Average experience: 20+ yearsyears

31 males: 5 females31 males: 5 females

33 interviews with 36 people

24 Commercial fishermen24 Commercial fishermen 2 2 DiversDivers

3 Recreational fishermen3 Recreational fishermen 3 3 BuyersBuyers

4 Recreationalists4 Recreationalists 2 2 ScientistsScientists

~50% Port Orford vessels represented, average ~50% Port Orford vessels represented, average length: 34 feetlength: 34 feet

17 owners and/or captains17 owners and/or captains

7 deckhands7 deckhands

524 years combined experience524 years combined experience

24 years average experience24 years average experience

7 second-generation fishermen7 second-generation fishermen

1 third generation fisherman1 third generation fisherman

20/25 work a combined total of over 2200 days/year 20/25 work a combined total of over 2200 days/year on the ocean, presently averaging ~120 days/year on the ocean, presently averaging ~120 days/year

Port Orford commercial Port Orford commercial fishermenfishermen

Data aggregationData aggregation Convert vector data into 30 m grid Convert vector data into 30 m grid Assigned grid cell value of 1 for Assigned grid cell value of 1 for polygon presence and 0 for absencepolygon presence and 0 for absence Cumulative totals for each grid cellCumulative totals for each grid cell Nearest neighbor analysis (6 cell Nearest neighbor analysis (6 cell focal mean) to smooth the data.focal mean) to smooth the data. Data classified using an equal area Data classified using an equal area distribution of 7 classes and re-distribution of 7 classes and re-categorized into Low, Medium, and categorized into Low, Medium, and High usage. High usage.

Thanks to our partners at Ecotrust, Thanks to our partners at Ecotrust, especially Charles!especially Charles!

Dungeness crabDungeness crab

POPO

SalmonSalmon

POPO

HalibutHalibut

POPO

High SpotHigh Spot

Sablefish (aka black cod)Sablefish (aka black cod)

POPO

BandonBandon

High SpotHigh Spot

CanyonCanyon

Relative economic importance of sablefishRelative economic importance of sablefish

High SpotHigh Spot

CanyonCanyon

ConclusionsConclusionsTo meet requirements of the Sustainable Fisheries Act To meet requirements of the Sustainable Fisheries Act 1996 Standard 8, we need to address community issues 1996 Standard 8, we need to address community issues at the community level. It comes down to a matter of at the community level. It comes down to a matter of scale. For Port Orford 150m is appropriate.scale. For Port Orford 150m is appropriate.

Local knowledge interviews are a successful tool to Local knowledge interviews are a successful tool to understand a fishing community, its resources, and understand a fishing community, its resources, and dependence on various areas. dependence on various areas.

Coupling scientific and local knowledge in GIS is a Coupling scientific and local knowledge in GIS is a powerful way to support community management powerful way to support community management objectives.objectives.

Spatial representation of human uses, economic Spatial representation of human uses, economic dependence, and species distribution can guide area-dependence, and species distribution can guide area-based management strategies including: local area based management strategies including: local area management and/or the selection of less controversial management and/or the selection of less controversial areas for MPAs. areas for MPAs.

Next Steps for POORTNext Steps for POORT

Phase IIPhase II1)1) More in depth economic More in depth economic

surveys and spatial analysissurveys and spatial analysis

2)2) Cooperative research Cooperative research projects: port sampling and projects: port sampling and genetic researchgenetic research

Future Phases:Future Phases:1)1) Develop a management plan Develop a management plan

and long-term monitoring and long-term monitoring programprogram

2)2) Examine Substrate/Species Examine Substrate/Species RelationshipsRelationships

Thank Thank YouYou

Partners:Partners:

Port Orford Ocean Resources TeamPort Orford Ocean Resources Team

Port Orford CommunityPort Orford Community

Terra Cognita – OSU GIS labTerra Cognita – OSU GIS lab

Pacific Marine Conservation CouncilPacific Marine Conservation Council

Surfrider FoundationSurfrider Foundation

Funders:Funders:

Cooperative Institute for Marine Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesResources Studies

Environmental Defense Environmental Defense

NOAA Cooperative ResearchNOAA Cooperative Research

Penny Family FundPenny Family Fund

Oregon Coastal Management Oregon Coastal Management Program Ocean Enhancement Program Ocean Enhancement GrantGrant

Data:Data: ODFWODFW Coastal AtlasCoastal Atlas Dr. Chris Goldfinger Lab – OSUDr. Chris Goldfinger Lab – OSU EcotrustEcotrust