port performance measures for the megaship...
TRANSCRIPT
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Port Performance Measures for The Megaship Era Frank Harder & Dan Smith The Tioga Group, Inc. From Sail to Satellite: Delivering Solutions for Tomorrow’s MTS June 2016 [email protected]/925-631-0742
• Draft?
• TEU Capacity?
• Length?
• Height & Beam?
2
The Geography of Transport Systems, Jean-Paul Rodrigue
What makes a Megaship different?
Vessel TEU/TEU per Vessel Call
As of 2013, most U.S. ports were handling much smaller vessels on average and many fewer TEU per vessel
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LA & LB average 114% of vessel TEU per call
Other major U.S. ports average 45% of vessel TEU per call
4
Vessel TEU vs. Design Draft
Megaship designs depart from past practice by limiting draft to 50-51 feet
y = 63.214e0.098x
R2 = 0.9112
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Design Draft
Lis
ted
TE
U
Megaship Beam & Height
Megaship beam and height mean:
• 64% more containers per hatch than Post Panamax vessels
• 133% more containers per hatch than Panamax vessels
5
1 7
Post Panamax
7,000 TEU
247 Containers
9
6
2 3
10
8
Maersk Triple E
18,000 TEU
406 Containers
Drawn to Scale
6
Container Terminal Capacity Dimensions
DRAFTDRAFT
BERTH LENGTHBERTH LENGTH
STACKING HEIGHTSTACKING HEIGHTCY DEPTH (AREA)CY DEPTH (AREA)
OPERATING HOURSOPERATING HOURS
DRAFTDRAFT
BERTH LENGTHBERTH LENGTH
STACKING HEIGHTSTACKING HEIGHTCY DEPTH (AREA)CY DEPTH (AREA)
OPERATING HOURSOPERATING HOURS CRANES
• What do we have to work with?
• Where do megaships make a difference?
TEU per Foot of Berth
Megaships double or triple TEU per foot of berth
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Panamax 4000 TEU 950ft LOA
Post Panamax
7000 TEU 985ft LOA
Megaship
18000 TEU 1300ft LOA
Drawn to Scale
VesselTEU
Capacity
Vessel LOA
Feet
Vessel
Beam Feet
Berth Feet
Required
Port TEU @
45% (other US)
TEU per
Foot
Port @ 114%
(LALB)
TEU per
Foot
Panamax 4,000 950 105 1,055 1,800 1.7 4,560 4.3
Post Panamax 7,000 985 141 1,126 3,150 2.8 7,980 7.1
Megaship 18,000 1300 193 1,493 8,100 5.4 20,520 13.7
Berths and Cranes per Berth
Megaships require 1500ft berths and 4-7 cranes per vessel
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LA: 7 cranes on 1200ft ship Yantian: 6 cranes on 1200ft ship
2012 Berths and Cranes
NY
NJ
Balt
imo
re
Vir
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ia
Ch
arl
esto
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Savan
nah
Jackso
nvil
le
Po
rt
Everg
lad
es
Mia
mi
Mo
bil
e
New
Orl
ean
s
Ho
usto
n
LA
LB
Oakla
nd
Po
rtla
nd
Seatt
le
Taco
ma
Berths 18 3 14 9 9 11 8 10 3 2 8 51 21 2 11 9
Average Berth Length 1,523 1,042 1,047 882 1,077 895 766 650 967 1,000 1,000 1,117 1,069 1,410 1,163 1,507
Cranes per Berth 3.2 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.4 2.6 1.6 4.5 2.5 2.8
1500' "Berths" 18 2 10 5 6 7 4 4 2 1 5 38 15 2 9 9
Cranes per 1500' Berth 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.2 4.8 3.2 2.8
Baltimore Seagirt Example
• 4350ft wharf face = 4 berths
• 7 Post-Panamax cranes (18 containers wide)
• 4 Super Post-Panamax cranes (22 containers wide)
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• 4 berths become 2+ berths
• 4 Super Post-Panamax cranes can handle 1 megaship with limited discharge
Drawn to Scale
Cranes and Spacing
10 Drawn to Scale
Post Panamax (LALB)
7,980 TEU – 985ft LOA
3 cranes
2,660 TEU/crane
215 feet between cranes
Megaship (LALB)
20,520 TEU – 1300ft LOA
7 cranes
2,931 TEU/crane
88 feet between cranes
Tight crane spacing limits productivity and risks CY congestion
Crane Moves per Hour
On average, cranes must move containers 28% farther on each cycle to serve megaships
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1 7
Post Panamax
7,000 TEU
247 Containers
9
6
2 3
10
8
Maersk Triple E
18,000 TEU
406 Containers
68.0 feet
92.0 feet 76.5
feet
60.0
feet
Drawn to Scale
Cargo Peaking – Vessel TEU
At multi-berth terminals, arrival of multiple large vessels causes daily and weekly cargo peaking
Example: APM Los Angeles, 5 berths & 14 Super Post-Panamax cranes
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Vessel TEU
CMA CGM Nabucco 9000
Maersk Edison 9000
Xin Fei Zhou 6260
APL Thailand 4640
Cargo Peaking – Utilization
Vessel capacity surges lead to alternate underutilization and of berths, cranes, CY equipment, gates, and rail
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TEU per Man-Hour/TEU per CY Acre
Wheeled container yard means:
• Low storage density and no CY lift equipment
• Two longshore moves, one trucker move
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Oakland Terminal June, 2007
Densifying = Higher Costs
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Stacked container yard with chassis pool means:
• Higher storage density with CY lift equipment
• Four longshore moves, two trucker moves
Oakland Terminal June, 2014
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Thank you! Questions?
Contacts and Follow-ups
CHCP Productivity Report http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/070810_Tioga_CHCP_Productivity_Report.pdf
Tioga website: www.tiogagroup.com
Email: [email protected], 925-631-0742