portfolio
DESCRIPTION
A collection of work that has been created during my tenure at Southern Illinois University and University of North Carolina at CharlotteTRANSCRIPT
Material Exploration
Conceptual Design
Design Details & Research
Steel Spine
Truss
digital fabrication _ fall 2010
thesis _ spring 2011-spring 2012
LIC Cinema Competition studio _ spring 2011
5
Light Bench studio _ fall 2011
Multi-Media Library studio _ fall 2010
8
141822
Material Strategies in Digital Fabrication26
Table of Contents
4
Material Exploration
a material case study looking at the cut and fold methods that can be placed upon sheet steel.
Steel Spine
5
This assignment was a product of a digital fabrication course at
the University of North Carolina - Charlotte.
The goal for this project was to use 2’ x 4’ pieces of 16 gauge sheet steel to create a window covering.
Each group received a particular production method to create this covering. The method which was
chosen for this project was the cut and score. This method had
its limitations as the sheet had to remain solid. This meant finding
a way to fold the product into a 3 dimensional form only using cuts
the cuts and dashes.
Through a process of simple fold testing and tessellating a surface
into triangles, we learned the materials strengths and weaknesses. This was a needed process to figure
out the dashing pattern, so the final product could be assembled easily.
Our final form was inspired by an equally geometric building, the Air Force Academy Chapel in Colorado
Springs, Colorado. Using alternating patterns, we were able to create a
simple cut and score pattern while creating an interesting surface that
held variations depending on the severity of the folds in the ‘legs’ of
the final form.
Steel Spine
Team Leader:Daniel Corte
Team Members:Carson RussellRyan Martinez
Joseph Coradini
Pre-Construction Rendering
Concept Model
Inspiration
Fold Testing
1 2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
8
Material Exploration
a thesis study which investigates plasma cutting and folding 22 gauge sheet steel into structural truss members. The investigation spans 3 semesters, going through various variations of ‘bi-chord’ and ‘tri-chord’ trusses. Through the experimentation, these become parametric using grasshopper that adopts the structural expression by using the loading moment diagram.
Truss
9
The original formation of the foldable truss started as a bi-chord. This was so
named because of the two adjacent enclosed triangles on the top and bottom. In between the top and
bottom chords, I created a web section with triangular fold patterns to support
the chords. The sizing of these are created based on the loading pattern.
Essentially, the larger the moment diagram at that point, the larger the triangle. This means these triangles will support more of the load being
placed on the web by the upper chord, thusly transferring it down to the
bottom chord. In the case of the truss which was built, there is a uniform
load placed on the graphic.
The parametric piece of this truss is how the moment diagram can change
to whatever you may want it to. For the bi-chord, this would change the
appearance of each truss, making them aesthetically pleasing as well as adding
structural stability.
The next stage of experimentation with this truss was to test its
carrying load capacity. Through the construction of the truss, there was
back and forth with paper models to fix the geometry to ensure once built full
scale, there would be no mistakes. The full scale mock up was then plasma cut
and folded into the correct formation.
The final testing showed the usual suspect of beam failure. It
experienced localized failure in the compression chord. This occurred after the truss was loaded with 410
pounds of weight. The impressive fact about this holding capacity is how the
truss itself only weighs 7 pounds.
Bi-Chord Truss
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”D
e�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
Uniform Load & Corresponding Cut Sheet
Centered Point load + Uniform Load & Corresponding Cut Sheet
Uniform Load + 1/3 Cantilever & Corresponding Cut Sheet
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3/
4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1/
16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
Profile and basic folding pattern
Digital mock-up of truss form
Plasma cut cutting process Fold 1st Set Fold 2nd Set
Finished, Pre-Tested Truss - Moment Curve Evident Finished, Pre-Tested Truss
Localized Crippling
The final form suffered from a design flaw which was not apparent in small scale testing methods. The dashes used to create the folded corners were too long in length in comparison to the amount of steel between them. This allowed for the material to deflect as seen in the image to the left. For the future iterations, this was changed to better adapt itself to the possibility of local failure such as this. By placing the dashes closer together, it minimizes the chances of this occurring. The next stages incorporated these lessons with a new profile type.
The new system created was formed over thorough investigation through
multiple phases of testing. This method led through many different series of
iterations. The original truss started as a simple equilateral shape, but through testing, was realized that it was not the most optimum profile for the distance I was spanning. A series of trials then
identified the most appropriate shape.
Through various other stages, the best folding angle for the plates was
determined, as well as the distance of dashes to use for the folds. Once the basics of the design was determined,
the folding shape was to be determined through a similar process.
Through the 4 iterations of design, there were a variety of changes through the
general shape of the cut patterns inside of the steel. The 1st iteration was a base
set that just relied on the triangulated geometries and fold patterns to keep
it rigid. This pattern performed better than profile, however still failed at a point where extra reinforcement was necessary.
The 2nd & 3rd iteration added those necessary reinforcements. There were
extra pieces cut out of the webs to fold up and hold the top chords. Although
this added strength, the truss deflected more than its predecessor, making it a
poor final choice.
The 4th iteration took the advantages of the 2nd and 3rd but placed those cuts in the flange of the truss. This allowed
for little additional deflection while still supporting the chords, giving the truss a
30% better weight/deflection ratio than the previous tests.
Tri-Chord Truss
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel ShapeProfile Shape to Weight held graph
Weight (oz)
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
0%
1/8”
5/32”
3/32”
25% 50% 75%
3/16”
De�ection
Amount Cut
0%
25%
Dash Cut Pattern
50%
75%
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
30
45
60
50
60
40
Weight (oz)
Steel Shape
1st Iteration 2nd Iteration
3rd Iteration 4th Iteration
top fold over detail
profile of built truss
close up of side with dashes & folds edge condition
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
point offset 45 degree angles top plate lines bottom plate line
web plate lines connection of points offset for connection area
trim lines trimmed plates close shapes offset for top fold
offset line constraints
triangulation for plates
trimmed up fold over cut lines to dash cut
Y 13 - 1/8” 13 - 1/8”X
7 - 3
/4”
6 - 3/16”
7 - 1
/16”
1”2”
2”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”
1”1”1” 1”
The overall process is ready to become baked. This then creates the geometry inside of Rhinoceros, ready to be output to the plasma cutter.
From here, the fold lines are identi�ed. These are then made into dashed patterns in the 1/2” on, 1/2” o�.
Create a curve using the endpoints of the top and bottom line.O�set the top most curve 1” for the fold over for what will become the bottom chord. This allows for the connectionto be made.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle.
The script starts with the pro�leof the truss. This pro�le has beenpreviously optimized througha set of tests.
The next step is for the triangle to be rotated 90 degrees, then unfolded. The end points are then highlighted.
The pointsdisplayed are the points o�set for the starting angles. They areoriginally drawn on this single chord. Y and X are variables that have a smallrange, depending on the length of the truss. Those ranges are X = .4” - .85“and Y = 3/4” - 3”
These next lines drawn are from the previous points. They are drawn tothe next chord point at the 45 degree angle. This angle was derived from a previous test.
The 2nd and 3rd set of triangles being formed start at the base point of bothlines. They then extend at 31.7 degrees from the original line. These lines alsohave strict distances traveled, between 3.82” and 5.93”. This is determinedby the moment diagram.
The endpoints of the previously drawn line and the original 68 degree linethat was drawn are connected. This completes this set of trianles in the basicformation.
The chord o�set is then put into place. All the chords are o�set 1”, whichis the predetermined length to allow for the material to fold properly awayfrom each of the chords.
The trangulated pieces are then o�set 1/4” to allow for a slight overlap ofeachother while folded. This creates an area for connections later in the process.
The �rst set of triangular forms start from the midpoint of the 45 degree lines.It then goes perpendicular a particular distance. The distance it moves is a variable between 1.36” - 3.32”. This distance is depent on the moment diagram.
The lines here are drawn from the endpoints of the 45 degree curves. The lines here were derived from the intersection of a plane made from the 45degree angle. They are drawn down to the lowest plane available.
45 4545 45
68 6868 68
68 6868 68
Then, using the trim command, the trianges are formed out of the previous 5 lines.
The 2nd chord from the bottom is then o�set upward. The �rst two times it is done to 2”. This allows for the fold to cover the truss body on top. The �nal o�set is 1”, which allows for the wrap around of the corner.
The 45 angles are referenced once again. They are o�set the 1” to the inside empty space to start the creation of the top fold.
The triangle pieces are then used to trim the 1” o�set lines. Thiscompletes the shape for the �nal cut.
The o�set chord pieces are then used to trim down the original triangulated pieces.
31.7 31.731.7 31.7
31.7 31.731.731.7
Grasshopper
final cut sheet
grasshopper re-creation of parametric cut sheet
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Conceptual Design
International design competition which was focused on how we as a society should start to view a new type of movie theater. This competition also added in an ecological element; a goal to preserve or create a habitat for a species originally from the New York City area.
LIC Cinema Competition
15
This assignment was a product of a topical studio which focused on a
variety of constraints. This instance was the habitation of bog turtles.
The proposal which was submitted suggested a different type of site-building interaction. The normal
theater digs into the site, thusly destroying the landscape and ridding
the site of any previous inhabitants.
The site layout we proposed was to lift all circulation and building
components off the ground to allow for the breeding and protection of the bog turtle. The site is also modified so
a natural water supply can soak certain portions of the land during high tide,
a necessary part to the habitation and breeding cycles of the bog turtle.
Raised exterior deck systems are placed on site for the main circulation
to and from the building. Seating decks are also included for the outside
movie shows which take place in the evening.
The theater’s themselves have a particular orientation on the site.
They are placed directly on the East River, focused on the views of New York. Each theater is outfitted with
large vertical fins which stay open with views to the city before and after the films, and close to create a standard
movie complex.
LIC Cinema Competition
Team Members:Daniel Corte
Carson Russell
Site Entry & Views
Man
hatta
n
Broo
klynEast
River
Context
Site
View from Theaters with Slats Open
exterior rendering as viewed from the entry decks
theaters movement structure
theater unit
The theaters were broken up into tower units which held 3 theaters, the structure for those theaters, as well as the movement bars. This unit was replicated at the respected viewing angles. Each theater in these units are a different size to host different movies with different crowd sizes, according to the program.
18
Conceptual Design
A comprehensive studio project which lead student designers to create a media hub and library for students and faculty on an alternative university campus.
University of Wisconsin Media Hub
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The multi-media library designed here is for the University of Wisconsin - Madison. This particular building is
to serve as a compliment to the large library system already in place. This
outpost is to serve the sciences which are stationed directly west. It is also at the intersection of a few different
parts of the campus. This building can connect the natural landscape to the
north with the neighboring athletic fields, research park, as well as the rest
of campus to the east. This position makes it a landmark to the landscape.
The parti of the building comes from the movement on the site. It takes the
people coming from all the different sections of the university and funnels
them into the space. This allows for the building to be partitioned into three different zones with a common area.
This library is host to a variety of different functions. It hosts four
stories of book stacks, a wing dedicated to office and meeting
spaces, as well as a spot for classrooms. There is also one section devoted to
digital and monologue presentations, located on the overhang portion of
the building.
The folding nature of the building form creates building shading devices which cover the library stacks from the degenerative nature of the sun. It also folds around to create walk out spaces
for patrons to use them during the summer months.
Multi-Media Library
Site Plan + Movement
Concept Evolution
Book Stacks / Offices / Classrooms
Concept Structure Model
Concept Rendering
1st Floor Plan 2nd Floor Plan 3rd Floor Plan
Wall Section and Call Outs
Exterior Sun Control DeviceFlexible Flashing2” x 4” Tube Steel
Aluminum Windows
Composite PanelsGypsum Board
Non-Load Bearing Wall Framing
Flexible FlashingAnchor Bolt
Soil
4” InsulationStructural Concrete
#4 Rebar
Sheet Waterproofing
22
Conceptual Design
A project which experimented with moving light through a space using parabolic curves and removing glare inside of a building.
Light Bench
23
2PM RAY TRACING
4PM RAY TRACING
6PM RAY TRACING
The light bench is a group product of a topical design studio in fall of 2011. This studio focused on transforming spaces through unusual means. The
presentation space adjacent to the Storrs Library contains a western
facing facade with a fully glazed wall. The space is very inefficient, especially
during its peak occupation hours (2pm-6pm). The sun’s altitude causes
increased levels of solar radiation and an overabundance of light. The space
feels uncomfortable and the quality of light is not conducive for visual
presentations. Our goal for this space is to decrease solar heat gain, provide even light distribution, and lessen the
glare in the space.
To do this, we started to look at precedents of reflecting solar rays, thusly decreasing glare and giving
the space a more even light. It was noted that depending on a curve of a reflected surface, you can focus light to a specific point in space. This idea
would allow us to redirect the light with mirrors deep into the space.
This left us with the want to decrease solar heat gain near the windows,
which created a heat island which was uncomfortable to be in. This is done
by the design and integration of a moving shade and bench component.
The shade moves in accordance to the angle of the sun, and never allows
for direct light to enter the space. The bench blocks the light too low
to diffuse, allows for students to utilize the space against the windows
comfortably, and protects the louvers which are behind it.
Light Bench
Team Members:Daniel CorteRyan Barkes
Wynn Buzzell
Using Grasshopper we devised a code that traces solar rays and adjusted louver angles simultaneously. This helped us optimize the mirror angles to fractions of a degree.
Materials:-Mirrored louvers-Layered 3/4” plywood bench-Wooden buttresses-Fabric shade-Steel connections-Arduino sensors & motors
Shade Component
Solar Ray Tracing Using Parabolic Curves
Exploded 3D View of Bench
2pm
4pm
6pm
Servo
Fixed Louvers
Gears
Fabric Shade
Moving Louvers?
Fixed Wire Connection
ServoCircuit Board
Control Arms
Exploded 3D view of connection Units aligned
Rendering of fully installed pieces
Single Bench UnitMirror ComponentsMoving Components
26
Design Details & ResearchThis section is dedicated to smaller scale projects. This includes work done in the digital arts center for project research and investigation due to material constraints in digital fabrication.
27
Research conducted on the 290 Mulberry project by SHoP Architects in NYC was based on their custom form work and the constraints to the size of a standard brick.
The shape which was created served SHoP as a panelized unit which bricks could be laid into the CNC’ed spaces. The process to do this had them create a piece of simple form work which had points that were pushed and pulled. This created a base geometry that the panel would then sit on. As shown in the diagrams, bricks would then be placed in the appropriate slots. The panel would then have a concrete mixture poured on top of the bricks to make the panel structurally stable. Once cured, the panel could be lifted out of the form worm, and transported on site. The form work would be left in tact to allow for additional panels to be made.
290 Mulberry
brick grid applied to surfacepush and pull points CNC out brick negatives
inlay bricksclose up of CNC form work concrete over pour
final product
surface created through section rebuild to create squares extrude linearly in the z-axis
triangulate curved surfacesmove units down incrementallyfocus in on 3x3 section
final product with flaps openfinal product with flaps closed
Research done by Achim Menges, the biomimetic responsive surface incorporates dimensional changes which are triggered by changing climatic conditions. To break that down, the system at
hand is allowed to be applied to any surface. This was tested with this project at hand.
The idea behind the dimensional changes by a climatic conditions stems from the idea of a pinecone. Under the correct humidity, the shell opens itself to release the seeds. Menges uses a similar wood to adapt the surface in the same way. This provides a conceptual climatic response
system which has the ability to conform to any surface. The advantage of this system is that there is no need for an outside power source , making the material elements key. This idea is looked to
expand itself into other circumstances other than the simplistic open/closed condition.
Biomimetic Responsive Surface
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
12'-2
1 2"
21'-1014"
Research for project was conducted by Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design that investigated new materials and novel applications of known materials.
This project is in a set of projects that explore different types of fabrication. The hope is that the evolution of a process and the concept of form would continue the evolution of architecture. For this particular process, Wood paneling was laser cut into rectilinear like forms with different cut and score marks in the center face. This allowed for the material to move in unconventional ways. The relationships between material and design in this project shows that flexibility of the material while creating form has an extreme effect on its final form and the way it reacts to different loading types.
Immaterial - Ultramaterial
3D surface createdsectional line work call out of connection pieces
cut and insert methodclose up of small material connection detail
final rendered product
