Our Portfolioin

Educational Technology II

Title Outline o1. My Portfolio in Educational

Technologyo2. Title Outline

The Students’ Profile What is Educational Technology?Technology: Boon or Bane?Systematic Approach to

TeachingThe Rules of Educational

Technology in Learning The Roles of Educational

Technology in Learning Cone of Experience Learning Through Educational

Technology 2Conceptual Model of Learning The Student after Educational

Technology 2

Name: Ronalyn C. DalojoAge: 19 yrs. oldBirthday: July 20, 1997Address: Bgy. Aribungos Brooke’s Point PalawanSchool: Palawan State University Brooke’s Point Campus Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics

Name: Roxan P. Lagrosa Age: 19 yrs. oldBirthday: January 1, 1997Address: Bgy. Aribungos, Brooke’s Point Palawan Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics School: Palawan State University Brooke’s Point Campus

What is Educational technology?

Educational Technology is defined as “The development of asset of systematic techniques and accompanying

practical knowledge for designing, testing and operating schools as educational system.”

-Robert M. Gange

“Educational Technology is the application of scientific knowledge and learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching

and training.”-G. O. Lieth

First, let us define the word technology. Technology is body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and extracting of materials or simply it talks about machines or electronic tools while, education is a process of inviting truth and possibility of encouraging and giving time to discovery. In simple words, education is the learning. Through the definition of the two different words we can say that educational technology is the combination of the word ‘education’ and ‘technology’ which means the integration of technology in education for more purposeful, meaningful, and interesting learning.

Educational technology was more focusing on the process of something rather than the technology itself. As what they said, “educational technology” is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization for analysing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems, involve in all aspects of human learning.

Technology: Boon or Bane?Educational technology is the use of technological tools to

improve education, it is a systematic process for designing instruction or training used to improve performance. It facilitates the learning processes and increases performance. In the 21st century technological advances has exploded. Schools have not been left out in these advancements. Classroom technology has become increasingly more popular. Each tool provides teachers with a method in which they can actively engage their students. These tools or devices are Internet, LCD Projector, Smart Broad, Laptop or Computer, Digital Camera, Tablets, etc. these can help students to make lessons fun, interesting, and more effective. Using technology reduces the work load and helps students to understand subject better. Essentially it is also driving the way the teachers teach and students learn. Technology based learning and assessment systems will be pivotal in improving student learning and generating data that can be used to continuously improve the education systems at all levels. Technology becomes a bane when the student, who surfs the internet, look for unsavoury subjects. The abuse and misuse of the internet will have far reaching unfavourable effects on life. Allowing the students to surf the internet doesn't necessarily mean that all the things that they are going to discover are good for their mind and studies. We can say that educational technology is a blessing for students but cannot teach about poetry or arts. So, it can never replace a teachers.

Technology could be boon and/or bane in different ways. It depends upon the user of a particular technology to be a boon or bane the technology is.

Technology could be boon because it was useful in our daily lives. It help us to make our work easier and faster we use it to extract material, for transportation, learning, manufacturing, creating artefacts, securing data, scaling businesses and so much more. Also, nowadays, technologies are one of the instructional materials use by he teachers in teaching.

Technology could also be bane, especially when it is wrongly applied. It can cause harms to humans if it is being abused. Over-dependence on technology can cause disconnectedness which means killing work place relationships, employees and business managers communication through email, phones, text messages, and video conferences, this kills face-face communication.

All in all , technology could be boon if it is will applied because it benefit humans while bane if it is wrongly applied because it harm humans. Be wise in using technologies. Don’t let them control over you, you must be the one whose controlling it.

Systematic Approach to Teaching The systematic approach to teaching provides a method for the

functional organization and development of instruction. This method applies to preparation of materials for classroom use, as well as for print and non-print media. Inputs to the systems approach include well defined objectives, analysis of the intended audience, special criteria desired by the costumer, analysis and use of existing resources, and a team of instructional system specialists, subject matter experts, writers, and visual specialists. Outputs are functional relations trees, functional block diagrams, a teaching sequence chart, and frames (a combination of words and visuals on a specific topic from the teaching sequence chart). The three step production flow consists of content requirements, content development, and use. Material is divided into levels of detail, so that the student studies only until he has reached the level he needs. At each level of detail, the material is treated as a whole, then in its parts, and finally recombined into a functional whole. Visuals illustrating the concepts are included.

The system approach views the entire educational program as a system of interrelated parts. It is an orchestrated learning pattern with all parts harmoniously integrated in to the whole: the school, the teacher, the students, the objectives, the media, the materials, and assessment tools and procedures. Such an approach integrates the older, more familiar methods and tools of instruction with the new ones such as the computer.

The focus of the systematic approach to teaching is the students.

Define objectives- instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider the students’ needs, interests and readiness.

Choose appropriate methods- on the basis of these objectives the teacher selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used.

Choose appropriate experiences- based on the teaching method selected, the appropriate learning experiences, an appropriate material, equipment and facilities will also be selected.

Select materials, equipment and facilities- the use of learning materials, equipment, and facilities necessitates assigning the personnel to assist the teacher.

Assign personnel roles- defining the role of any personnel involved in the preparation, setting, and returning of these learning resources would also help the learning process.

Implement the instruction- with the instructional objectives in mind, the teacher implements planned instructions with the use of the selective teaching method, learning activities, and learning materials with the help of other personnel whose role has been defined by the teacher.

Evaluate outcomes- after instructions, teacher evaluates the outcome of instruction. From the evaluation results, teacher comes to know if the instructional objective was attained.

Refine the process- if the instructional objective was attained, teacher proceeds to the next lesson going through the same cycle ones more.

The Rules of Educational Technology in Learning

The rules of educational technology in learning is very broad because if we talk about technology it include everything that is useful in education, for example: ball pen, paper, black/white board and etc… It does not just talk about computers, laptops, projectors and everything that is high technology. This technology is very helpful to the students in a way that it makes the life of the students easier and it makes connections more accessible. For example: a projector with your laptop makes your discussion easier in a manner that the students are learning better and easier because you have your visual aids that really can help the students to understand the lesson. Imagine the classroom that is not using ball pen or any product of technology, it is very hard for both the students and the teachers to have their lessons in a fast way because writing using a bamboo stick is a very time consuming.

The Roles of Educational Technology in Learning

“Technology makes the world a new place”

TECHNOLOGY can play a traditional role, as a delivery vehicles for instructional lessons or in a constructivist way as partners in learning process. In the traditional way, the learner learns from the technology and the technology serves as a teacher. In the constructivist way, technology helps the learner build more meaningful personal interpretations of life and his/her world. Technology is a learning to learn with, not to learn from. The following are the roles of technology in learning (CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW):

Technology as tools to support knowledge instructionTechnology as information vehicles for exploring knowledge to

support learning-by-constructing Technology as context to support learning by learning-by-doingTechnology as a social medium to support learning by conversing Technology as intellectual partner to support learning-by-

reflecting.

TECHNOLOGY AS TOOLS TO SUPPORT KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION - For representing learners’ ideas, understanding and beliefs.

- For producing organized, multimedia knowledge bases by learners. TECHNOLOGY AS INFORMATION VEHICLES FOR EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE TOSUPPORT LEARNING-BY-

CONSTRUCTING- For accessing needed information.- For comparing perspective, beliefs and world views.

TECHNOLOGY AS CONTEXT TO SUPPORT LEARNING-BY-DOING- For representing and simulating meaningful real-world problems, situations and context.- For representing beliefs, perspectives, arguments, and stories of others.- For defining a safe, controllable problem space for student thinking.

TECHNOLOGY AS SOCIAL MEDIUM TO SUPPORT LEARNING BY CONVERSING- For collaborating with others.- For discussing, arguing, and building consensus among members of community.- For supporting discourse among knowledge-building communities.

TECHNOLOGY AS INTELLECTUAL PARTNER TO SUPPORT LEARNING BY REFLECTING- For helping learners to articulate and represent what they know.- For reflecting on what they have learned and how they came to know it.- For supporting learners’ internal negotiation and meaning making.- For constructing personal representation of meaning for supporting mindful thinking.

Dale’s Cone of Experience is a visual model that is composed of eleven (11) stages starting from concrete experiences at the bottom of the cone. Then it becomes more and more abstract as it reach the peak of the cone. Also, according to Dale, the arrangement in the cone is not based on its difficulty but rather based on abstraction and on the number of senses involved. The experiences in each stages can be mixed and are interrelated that fosters more meaningful learning.

According to the one of the principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies, the more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning will be but it does not mean that concrete experience is the only effective experience that educators should use in transferring knowledge to the learner. Like what was mentioned above, the experiences in each stages can be mixed and are interrelated thus, a balance must be achieved between concrete and abstract experiences in order to cater the and address all the need of the learner in all the domains of development and in order to help each learner in their holistic development.

Moreover, the generation about the cone of experience that was presented above is not enough. Actually, we should try to go deeper in each of the component of the cone since educational technology basically revolves around the cone of experience. By going one-by-one, starting from concrete to abstract, we will understand more the different components of the cone that will help us in grasping the real meaning of educational technology.

To expand on each of the components, let us begin with the Direct Purposeful Experiences. These are first hand experiences which serve as the foundation of the learning. In this level, more senses are use in order to build up the knowledge. Also, in this level, the learner learned by doing things by him/herself. Learning happens through actual hands-on experiences. This level explains and proves one of the principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies, the more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning will be. This level also proves that educational technology is not limited to the modern gadget and software that are commercially available nowadays. This shows that even the simple opportunity that you give to each child could help them learn.

The next level would be the Contrived Experiences. In this level, representative models and mock-ups of reality are being used in order to provide an experience that are close as reality. This level is very practical and it makes learning experience more accessible to the learner. In this stage, it provides more concrete experiences, even if not as concrete as Direct Experiences, that allows visualization that fosters better understanding of the concept.

On the other hand, the next level would be the Dramatized Experiences. In this level, learners can participate in a reconstructive experiences that could give them better understanding of the event or of a concept. Through dramatized experiences, learners become more familiar with the concept as they emerged themselves to the “as-if” situation.

The next level would be the Demonstrations. It is a visualize explanation of important fact, idea, or process through the use of pictures, drawings, film and other types of media in order to facilitate clear and effective learning. In this level, things are shown based on how they are done.

Another level would be the Study Trips. This level extends the learning experience through excursions and visits on the different places that are not available inside the classroom. Through this level, the learning experience will not be limited to the classroom setting but rather extended in a more complex environment.

The level of the Study Trips is followed by Exhibits. It is a somewhat a combination of some of the first levels and the cone. Actually, exhibits are combination of several mock up and models. Most of the time, exhibits are experiences that is “for your eyes” only but some exhibits includes sensory experiences which could be related to Direct Purposeful Experiences. In this level, meanings ideas are presented to the learners in a more abstract manner. This experience allows student to see the meaning and relevance of things based on the different pictures and representations presented.

Next levels would be the combination of the level of Television and Motion Pictures and Still Pictures, Recordings and Radio since it is related to one another because of the rapid development of the modern technology, a lot of people believe that educational technology is limited to these stages. They are not aware that these stages are only a small portion of EdTech. For Televisions and Motion Pictures, it implies values and messages through television and films. On the other hands, Still Pictures, Recordings, and Radio are visual and auditory devices that can be used by a learner/group of the learner that could enhance and extend learning experience.

Lastly, is the combination of the last two levels because they are use hand and hand. The last two levels would be the Visual symbolic and Verbal symbol. These two levels are the most complex and abstract among all the components of the cone of experience. And the visual symbolic level, charts, maps, graphs, and diagrams are used for abstract representations. And the other hand, the verbal symbolic level does not involve visual representation or clues to their meanings. Mostly, the things involved in this level are words, ideas, principles, formula, and the likes.

After going through the different components of the cone of Experience, it could be said that in facilitating learning, we can use variety of materials and medium in order to maximize the learning experience. One medium is not enough thus if we can take advantage of the other media. There’s nothing wrong with trying to combine several medium for as long as it could benefit the learners. Also through the levels provided by the cone of experience, it could be said that concrete experiences must be provided first in order to support abstract learning. Lastly, staying on the concrete experiences is not even ideal because through providing abstract experiences to the learner, the more he/she will develop his/he higher order thinking skills which is important for more complex way of thinking and for dialling with more complex life situations. Through understanding each component of the cone of Experience, it could be said that educational technology is not limited to the modern gadgets that we have right now but rather it is a broad concept that includes all the media that we can use to attain balance as we facilitate effective and meaningful learning.

Through EdTech we learned about:

Making Power-Point and Slide Presentations with special effects, transitions, animations and clip arts.

Encoding and editing of our assignments, outputs, reports and etc. through the use of Microsoft word which made our works easier and our output presentable.

Sending messages and important files through email. Tweeting our comments on current and trending issues in our

country and through twitter and instagram also we can share our unforgettable moments, express our feelings and thoughts and it help us to be updated on different issues, news and trends in and out of our country.

Exploring facebook and other social media accounts like Slideshare, LinkedIn and etc. which help us to be connected with each other and to the other people in different places in the world.

There exists a number of models and theories about learning that is ideal in achieving instructional goals through preferred application of educational technology.

These are: oMeaningful LearningoDiscovery LearningoGenerative LearningoConstructivism

Meaningful Learning

If the traditional learning environment gives stress to rote learning and simple memorization, meaningful learning gives focus to new experience that departs from the learning of a sequence of words but gives attention to meaning.

Meaningful Learning

It assumes that:Students already have prior knowledge that is relevant

to new learning.Students are willing to perform class work to find

connection between what they already know and what they can learn.

Discovery Learning

This is differentiated from reception (meeting point of meaningful and discovery learning) in which ideas are presented to students in a well-organized way, such as through detailed set of instructions to complete an experiment.Ever recalled why you are so nervous, yet very excited in doing experiments? It is because of the idea that you are about to discover something first hand.

Discovery Learning

In discovery learning, students perform tasks to uncover what is to be learned. New ideas and new decisions are generated in the learning process, regardless of the need to move on and depart from the structured lesson previously set. In here, it is important that the students become personally engaged and NOT subjected by the teacher.

Dimensions of Meaningful and Discovery Learning

Notice the increase in Discovery from rote learningMath Drills Trial and Error puzzles Applying science lab formulas Lecture/Textbook Reading SimulationsAdventure Activities Data Probing/ResearchArt/Music Creation

Generative Learning

Here, we have active listeners who attend to learning events and generate meaning from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model of explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge.This is viewed as different from the simple process of storing information. Motivation and Responsibility are crucial to this domain of learning.

Constructivism

Here, the learner builds a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. The most accepted constructivism principles are:

Learning consists in what a person can actively assemble for himself and not what he can just ask from someone else.

Role of learning is to help the individual live to his personal world.

Implications of Constructivism

The learner is directly responsible for learning. He creates personal understanding and transforms it into knowledge.

The context of meaningful learning consists in the learner “connecting” his school activity with real life.

The purpose of education is the acquiring of practical and personal knowledge and not the abstract or trivial truths.

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After the EdTech 2 we, the students are now very able to operate our personal computers and also we are now able to explore the world of technology such as different social networking sites.Through EdTech we become computer literate students whose able to use technology in teaching-learning process. We are now expert in doing power-point presentation and slide presentation with special effects on it, transitions and animations which make presentations interesting, attention-seeker and meaningful.

Thank You for Viewing

Presented By: Ronalyn Dalojo Roxan Lagrosa BSEd-III Mathematics

Presented To: Jovengrace F. Cabahug Instructress