portof seattle disparity study · final sept po prep port 2711 seatt prep bbc r 1999 denv 303.3 www...
TRANSCRIPT
Final
Sept
Po
PrepPort2711Seatt
PrepBBC R1999Denv303.3wwwbbc@
l Report
ember 12, 20
ort of S
ared forof Seattle1 Alaskan Waytle, Washingto
ared byResearch & Co9 Broadway, Suver, Colorado 8321.2547 faxw.bbcresearch@bbcresearch
014
eattle
yon 98121
onsultinguite 220080202 9750303.399.0448.com.com
Dispar
8
rity Stuudy
Table of Contents
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING i
Chapter ES. Executive SummaryAnalyses in the 2014 Disparity Study ...................................................................................... ES–1Utilization and Disparity Analysis Results for Individual Groups............................................. ES–2Implementing the Federal DBE Program and the SCS and SBE Programs...............................ES–6Next Steps............................................................................................................................... .ES–7
Chapter 1. IntroductionA. Background......................................................................................................................... 1–2B Study Scope ........................................................................................................................ 1–4C. Study Team......................................................................................................................... 1–7
Chapter 2. Legal FrameworkA. Measures that are Part of the Federal DBE Program .........................................................2–1B. Measures that are Part of State and Local Programs.........................................................2–3C. Legal Standards that Race and Gender Conscious Programs Must Satisfy........................2–3
Chapter 3. Collection and Analysis of Port DataA. Overview of Port Contracts ................................................................................................3–1B. Collection and Analysis of Contract Data ...........................................................................3–2C. Collection of Vendor Data ..................................................................................................3–4D. Location of Vendors Performing Port Work .......................................................................3–5E. Types of Work Involved in Port Contracts .........................................................................3–5
Chapter 4. Marketplace ConditionsA. Entry and Advancement .....................................................................................................4–1B. Business Ownership............................................................................................................4–5C. Access to Capital................................................................................................................. 4–8D. Success of Business...........................................................................................................4–15
Chapter 5. Availability AnalysisA. Purpose of the Availability Analysis....................................................................................5–1B. Definitions of Minority and Women Owned Businesses ..................................................5–1C. Information Collected about Potentially Available Businesses ..........................................5–3D. Businesses Included in the Availability Database...............................................................5–5E. MBE/WBE Availability Calculations ....................................................................................5–6F. Availability Results..............................................................................................................5–9
Table of Contents
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING ii
Chapter 6. Utilization AnalysisA. Overview of the Utilization Analysis...................................................................................6–1B. Overall Utilization Results...................................................................................................6–2C. Utilization Results for Construction and Construction Related Professional
Services Contracts ..............................................................................................................6–4
Chapter 7. Disparity AnalysisA. Overview of Disparity Analysis ...........................................................................................7–1B. Overall Disparity Analysis Results.......................................................................................7–5C. Disparity Analysis Results for Construction and Construction Related
Professional Services Contracts..........................................................................................7–7D. Statistical Significance of Disparity Analysis Results...........................................................7–8
Chapter 8. Further Exploration of DisparitiesA. Are there Disparities for Prime Contracts and Subcontracts?............................................8–1B. Are there Disparities for Large and Small Prime Contracts? ..............................................8–2C. Are there Disparities in Different Time Periods during the Study Period?.........................8–3D. Do Bid/Proposal Processes Explain Any Disparities for Prime Contracts? .........................8–4
Chapter 9. Race and Gender Neutral MeasuresA. Is there evidence of discrimination within the local construction and
construction related professional services contracting marketplace forany racial/ethnic or gender groups? ..................................................................................9–3
B. What has been the agency’s past experience in meeting its overall DBE goal? ................9–3C. What has DBE participation been when the agency did not use race or gender
conscious measures?..........................................................................................................9–3D. What is the extent and effectiveness of race and gender neutral measures
that the agency could have in place for the next fiscal year? ............................................9–4
Chapter 10. Implementation of the Federal DBE Program, the SCS Program, andthe SBE Program
Reporting to DOT – 49 CFR Part 26.11 (b)...............................................................................10–1Bidders List – 49 CFR Part 26.11 (c) .........................................................................................10–1Prompt Payment Mechanisms – 49 CFR Part 26.29................................................................10–2DBE Directory – 49 CFR Part 26.31 ..........................................................................................10–2Overconcentration – 49 CFR Part 26.33 ..................................................................................10–3
Table of Contents
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING iii
Business Development Programs – 49 CFR Part 26.35 and Mentor ProtégéPrograms – 49 CFR Appendix D to Part 26 .......................................................................10–3
Responsibilities for Monitoring the Performance of Other ProgramParticipants – 49 CFR Part 26.37 ......................................................................................10–4
Fostering Small Business Participation – 49 CFR Part 26.39 ...................................................10–4Prohibition of DBE Quotas and Set asides for DBEs Unless in Limited and
Extreme Circumstances – 49 CFR Part 26.43....................................................................10–5Setting Overall DBE Goals – 49 CFR Part 26.45 .......................................................................10–5Analysis of Reasons for not Meeting Overall DBE Goal – 49 CFR Part 26.47(c) ......................10–5Maximum Feasible Portion of Goal Met through Race and Gender Neutral Measures
49 CFR Part 26.51(a) .........................................................................................................10–6Use of DBE Contract Goals – 49 CFR Part 26.51 (d).................................................................10–7Flexible Use of any Race and Gender Conscious Measures – 49 CFR Part 26.51 (f)...............10–8Good Faith Effort Procedures – 49 CFR Part 26.53 .................................................................10–8Counting DBE and MBE/WBE Participation – 49 CFR Part 26.55 ............................................10–9DBE Certification – 49 CFR Part 26 Subpart D .......................................................................10–10Monitoring Changes to the Federal DBE Program ................................................................10–10Locally Funded Contracts ......................................................................................................10–11
AppendicesA. Definitions of Terms .......................................................................................................... A–1B. Report on Legal Analysis.................................................................................................... B–1C. Utilization Analysis Methodology.......................................................................................C–1D. General Approach to Availability Analysis ......................................................................... D–1E. Entry and Advancement in the Seattle Metropolitan Area Construction and
Engineering Industries ........................................................................................................ E–1F. Business Ownership in the Seattle Metropolitan Area Construction and
Engineering Industries ........................................................................................................ F–1G. Access to Capital for Business Formation and Success ..................................................... G–1H. Success of Businesses in the Seattle Metropolitan Area Construction and
Engineering Industries ....................................................................................................... H–1I. Description of Data Sources for Marketplace Analyses ......................................................I–1J. Qualitative Information from Personal Interviews, Public Hearings, and
Other Meetings................................................................................................................... J–1K. Detailed Disparity Results...................................................................................................K–1
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER ES, PAGE 1
CHAPTER ES.Executive Summary
disparitystudy
Analyses in the 2014 Disparity Study
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER ES, PAGE 2
Utilization and Disparity Analysis Results for Individual Groups
— —
Official Western States Paving Company Case Q&A
BBC
Uti
FiguOveconprofand
Note:
Includ
Darke
The stcontr
For mAppe
Sourc
BBC R
Dis
C RESEARCH & C
lization res
ure ES 1.erall MBE/WBstruction andfessional servd subcontracts
:
des FAA and locally
er portion of bar pres
tudy team analyzedacts/subcontracts.
more detail and resultndix K.
ce:
Research & Consultin
sparity analy
ONSULTING— F
ults.
BE utilization od constructionvices prime cos
funded Port contract
sents certified DBE u
1,048 prime
ts by group, see Figu
ng from the Port’s co
ysis results.
FINAL REPORT
on Portn relatedontracts
ts.
tilization.
re K 2 in
ntracting data.
.
T CCHAPTER ES, PA
utilizatio
AGE 3
on—
BBC
All c
FiguDispPortconprofprimsub
Note:
Numbcontr1,048
For mAppe
Sourc
BBC Ravaila
of Soand C
C RESEARCH & C
construction
ure ES 2.parity indicest constructionstruction relafessional servme contracts acontracts
:
ber of primeacts/subcontracts an8.
more detail, see Figurndix K.
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilization
outh Florida, Inc. vCounty of Denver
ONSULTING— F
and construc
forn andatedvicesand
nalyzed was
e K 2 in
nganalyses.
Rothv. Metropolitan Da
FINAL REPORT
ction related
e Development Coade County
T
professional
orp v. U.S. Dept of
l services con
f Defense
C
ntracts.
EngConcrete Work
CHAPTER ES, PA
g’g Contractors Asks of Colo., Inc. v. C
AGE 4
ss’nCity
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER ES, PAGE 5
Construction and construction related professional services.
BBC
FiguDispPortconprofcon
Note:
The stconstcontrconstserviccontr
For mand K
Sourc
BBC Ravaila
Oth
Im
C RESEARCH & C
ure ES 3.parity indicest constructionstruction relafessional servtracts
:
tudy team analyzedruction primeacts/subcontracts anruction related profeces primeacts/subcontracts.
more detail, see FigurK 4 in Appendix K.
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilization
her informa
plementin
ONSULTING— F
forn andatedvices
681
nd 367essional
es K 3
nganalyses.
ation.
ng the Fede
FINAL REPORT
eral DBE P
T
Program annd the SCS
C
S and SBE P
CHAPTER ES, PA
Programs
AGE 6
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 2
A. Background
Federal DBE Program.
Setting an overall goal for DBE participation.
annual
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 3
Projecting the portion of the overall DBE goal to be met through race and gender neutralmeans.
Determining whether all groups will be eligible for race or gender conscious measures.
SCS Program and the SBE Program.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 4
B. Study Scope
Racial/ethnic and gender groups examined in the study.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 5
MBE/WBEs, DBEs, and Potential DBEs.
Analyses in the disparity study.
Legal framework and analysis.
Chapter 2 Appendix B
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 6
Data collection and analysis.
Chapter 3
Marketplace conditions.
Chapter 4 and Appendices E, F, G, H, I, and J.
Availability analysis.
Chapter 5 and Appendix C
Utilization analysis.
Chapter 6 and Appendix D
Disparity analysis.
Chapter 7 and Appendix K.
Further exploration of disparities.
Chapter 8
Race and gender neutral measures.
— — awardawarding
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 1, PAGE 7
Chapter 9
Implementation of the Federal DBE Program and the SCS and SBE Programs.
Chapter 10
C. Study Team
BBC (prime consultant).
Holland & Knight.
Keen Independent Research.
Pacific Communications Consultants (PCC).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 2.Legal Framework
— —
A. Measures that are Part of the Federal DBE Program
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2, PAGE 2
1. Applying a combination of race and gender neutral and race and genderconscious measures with all certified DBEs considered eligible for race and genderconscious measures.
2. Applying a combination of race and gender neutral and race and genderconscious measures with only certain groups of certified DBEs considered eligiblefor conscious measures.
3. Applying a combination of race and gender neutral and more aggressive raceand gender conscious measures in extreme circumstances.
4. Operating an entirely race and gender neutral program.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2, PAGE 3
B. Measures that are Part of State and Local Programs
C. Legal Standards that Race and Gender Conscious Measures MustSatisfy
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2, PAGE 4
compelling governmental interest
narrowly tailored
Examples of race conscious programs that have not satisfied the strict scrutinystandard.
Western States Paving Co. v. WashingtonState DOT
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT
Constitutionality of the Federal DBE Program on its face.— —
NorthernContracting, Inc. v. Illinois DOT, Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minn DOT Gross Seed v. NebraskaDepartment of Roads, Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT, AdarandConstructors, Inc. v. Slater
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois DOT. Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois DOTMilwaukee County
Pavers v. Fielder
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOTSherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater cert. granted then dismissed as improvidently granted subnom Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Mineta
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT, and Gross Seed Company v. Nebraska Department of Roadcert. denied
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2, PAGE 5
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT.Western States Paving Co. v.
Washington State DOT
Western StatesPaving Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. CaliforniaDepartment of Transportation, et al.
Guidance from decisions that have upheld state and local programs.
Concrete Works of Colorado v. City and County of DenverH.B. Rowe Company, Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, North Carolina Department of
Transportation, et al.
Id
Id
Id
AGC, San Diego Chapter v. California DOT
Concrete Works of Colorado v. City and County of Denver cert. denied
H.B. Rowe Company., Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, North Carolina Department of Transportation, et alappeal pending
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 3.Collection and Analysis of Port Data
A. Overview of Port Contracts
Construction
.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 2
Professional services.
B. Collection and Analysis of Contract Data
Study period.
Data sources.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 3
Total number of Port contracts.
Contracts included in the study team’s analyses.
subindustry
Figure 3 1.Number of Port contracts included in the study
Note: Numbers rounded to nearest dollar and thus may not sum exactly to totals.The figure includes Port contracts executed on or before September 30, 2013.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from Port contract data.
Contracts not included in the study team’s analyses.
Contract types
Construction 681 $190
Construction related Professional Services 367 52
Total 1,048 $242
Dollars(millions)Number
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 4
Prime contract and subcontract amounts.
C. Collection of Vendor Data
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 5
D. Location of Vendors Performing Port Work
—
E. Types of Work Involved in Port Contracts
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 3, PAGE 6
Figure 3 2.Port contract dollars bysubindustry, 2010 2013
Note:
Numbers rounded to nearest dollar andthus may not sum exactly to totals.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from Portcontract data.
Industry
Construction
Heavy construction $61,849
Electrical work 26,042
Water, sewer, and utility lines 20,002
Vertical construction trades 18,932
Plumbing and HVAC 6,694
Vertical construction 5,898
Marine construction 5,571
Excavation and drilling 3,233
Steel building materials 2,197
Landscape services 1,482
Wrecking and demolition 1,251
Signs, installation and manufacture 777
Trucking 623
Asphalt and concete supply 593
Other construction services 14,600
Other construction equipment and supplies 4,081
Total Construction $173,826
Construction related Professional Services
Engineering $53,847
Environmental research, consulting, and testing 10,871
Construction management 1,983
Transportation consulting 1,551
Surveying and mapmaking 237
Total Engineering $68,489
Total (in thousands)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 4.Marketplace Conditions
A. Entry and Advancement
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT Adarand Constructors, Inc.Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 2
Quantitative information about entry and advancement in construction.
Overall representation.
Advancement.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 3
Quantitative information about entry into the construction related professionalservices industry.
Overall representation.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 4
Qualitative information about entry and advancement.
Paths to starting a business.
Discriminatory work environments.
Effects of entry and advancement.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 5
B. Business Ownership
——
Quantitative information about business ownership in construction.
Figure 4 1.Use of regression analyses of businessownership in defense of the Federal DBEProgram
State and federal courts have considereddifferences in business ownership ratesbetween minorities and women and nonHispanic whites and males when reviewing theimplementation of the Federal DBE Program,particularly when considering DBE goals. Forexample, disparity studies in California,Minnesota, and Illinois used regressionanalyses to examine the impact ofrace/ethnicity and gender on businessownership in the construction andprofessional services industries. Results fromthose analyses helped determine whetherdifferences in business ownership existbetween minorities and women and nonHispanic white males after statisticallycontrolling for race and gender neutralcharacteristics. Those analyses were includedin materials submitted to the courts insubsequent litigation concerning theimplementation of the Federal DBE Program.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 6
Figure 4 2.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated rates forSeattle Metropolitan Area construction workers, 2009 2011
Note: Because benchmarks can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparisons are made using only that subset of the sample. For that reason, actualself employment rates may differ slightly from those shown in Figure 4 2.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2009 2011 ACS data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Quantitative information about business ownership in construction relatedprofessional services.
Group
Hispanic American 12.2% 23.5% 52
Non Hispanic white female 15.6% 23.0% 68
Business ownership rate Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 7
Figure 4 3.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated rates for Seattle MetropolitanArea workers in the construction related professional services industry, 2009 2011
Note: Because benchmarks can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparisons are made using only that subset of the sample. For that reason, actualself employment rates may differ slightly from those shown in Figure 4 3.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2009 2011 ACS data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Qualitative information about business ownership.
Group
Non Hispanic white female 11.8% 18.9% 62
Business ownership rate Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 8
Effects of business ownership.
C. Access to Capital
Quantitative information about homeownership and mortgage lending.
Homeownership rates.
Mortgage lending.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 9
——
Quantitative information about business credit.
3
Business loan approval rates.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 10
Figure 4 4.Comparison of actual business loan approval rates to simulated rates(“benchmark”), Pacific Census Division, 2003
Source: BBC Research & Consulting analysis of 2003 NSSBF data.
Loan values and interest rates.
Experiences of MBEs, WBEs, and majority owned businesses with obtaining lines of credit andbusiness loans.
Finally,we’re interested in whether your company has experienced barriers or difficulties associated withstarting or expanding a business in your industry or with obtaining work. Think about yourexperiences in the Seattle Metropolitan Area within the past five years as we ask you thesequestions.”
Has your company experienced any difficulties in obtaining lines of creditor loans?”
Group
Black American 49.1% 69.0% 71
Loan approval rates Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC
FiguHasexpdiffline
Sourc
BBC R2012
Qu
Bon
FiguHashadobtnee
Sourc
BBC R2012
Insu
C RESEARCH & C
ure 4 5.s your companerienced anyiculties in obtes of credit or
ce:
Research & Consultin2014 Availability Int
antitative in
nding.
Has your com
[And if so] Ha
ure 4 6.s your compand any difficultiaining bondseded for a pro
ce:
Research & Consultin2014 Availability Int
urance.
“Have a
ONSULTING— F
ny
tainingloans?
ng fromerviews.
nformation
mpany obtain
as your comp
nyies
ject?
ng fromerviews.
any insurance
FINAL REPORT
about bon
ed or tried to
any had any d
e requirement
T
ding and in
obtain a bond
difficulties ob
ts on projects
surance.
d for a projec
taining bonds
s presented a b
C
ct?
s needed for a
barrier to bid
CHAPTER 4, PAG
a project?
dding?”
GE 11
BBC
FiguHavreqprojbarr
Sourc
BBC R2012
Qu
C RESEARCH & C
ure 4 7.ve any insuranuirements onjects presenterier to bidding
ce:
Research & Consultin2014 Availability Int
alitative inf
ONSULTING— F
nce
ed ag?
ng fromerviews.
formation a
FINAL REPORT
about acces
T
s to capital..
CCHAPTER 4, PAGGE 12
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 13
Qualitative information about access to bonding.
Minority and female business owners, in general, said that they did not perceive overt racial orgender discrimination in obtaining bonding. However, the size and capitalization of businessesappears to have an effect on the ability to obtain bonding.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 14
Qualitative information about access to insurance.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 15
Effects of access to capital, bonding, and insurance.
D. Success of Businesses
Quantitative analysis of participation in the public and private sectors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 16
Quantitative analysis of relative capacity.
Quantitative analysis of business closures, expansions, and contractions.
Initiative 200.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 17
Quantitative analysis of business receipts and earnings.
Business receipts.
Business owner earnings.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 18
Qualitative information about success of businesses.
Disadvantages for small businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 4, PAGE 19
Impact of the recent economic downturn.
Impact of disadvantages for small businesses on MBE/WBEs.
Stereotypes, “good ol’ boy” network, and other factors potentially affecting MBE/WBEs.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 5. Availability Analysis
BBC analyzed the availability of minority- and women-owned business enterprises (MBE/WBEs) that are ready, willing, and able to perform on Port of Seattle (Port) construction and construction-related professional services prime contracts and subcontracts. The Port can use that and other information to help refine its implementations of the Federal Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Program, the Small Business Enterprise (SBE) Program, and the Small Contractors and Suppliers (SCS) Program. Chapter 5 describes BBC’s availability analysis in six parts:
A. Purpose of the availability analysis;
B. Definitions of Minority- and Women-owned businesses;
C. Information collected about potentially available businesses;
D. Businesses included in the availability database;
E. MBE/WBE availability calculations; and
F. Availability results.
Appendix D provides supporting information related to the availability analysis.
A. Purpose of the Availability Analysis BBC examined the availability of MBE/WBEs for Port prime contracts and subcontracts to use as inputs in the disparity analysis. In the disparity analysis, BBC compared the percentage of Port contract dollars that went to MBE/WBEs during the study period (i.e., utilization) to the percentage of dollars that might be expected to go to those businesses based on their availability for specific types and sizes of Port contracts (i.e., availability). Comparisons between utilization and availability allowed the study team to determine whether any MBE/WBE groups were underutilized during the study period relative to their availability for Port work.
B. Definitions of Minority- and Women-Owned Businesses To interpret the availability analysis, as well as other analyses presented in the disparity study, it is useful to understand the differences between all MBE/WBEs and MBE/WBEs that are DBE-certified or could be DBE-certified. In addition, it is important to understand how BBC treated businesses owned by minority women.
MBE/WBEs. The definitions that the study team used for MBE/WBE groups in the disparity study were consistent with the definitions specified in 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 26. The study team examined utilization, availability, and disparities separately for Black American-, Asian-Pacific American-, Subcontinent Asian American-, Hispanic American-, Native American-, and non-Hispanic white women-owned businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 2
The study team analyzed the possibility that race- or gender-based discrimination affected the participation of MBE/WBEs in Port work based on the race/ethnicity and gender of business ownership and not on DBE/MBE/WBE certification status. Therefore, the study team counted businesses as minority- or women-owned regardless of whether they were, or could be, certified as DBEs and regardless of whether they were certified as MBEs or WBEs through the Washington State Office of Minority and Women’s Business Enterprises (OMWBE). Analyzing the availability and utilization of MBE/WBEs regardless of DBE/MBE/WBE certification allows one to assess whether there are disparities affecting all MBE/WBEs and not just certified businesses. Businesses may be discriminated against because of the race or gender of their owners regardless of whether they are certified.
Moreover, the study team’s analyses of whether MBE/WBEs face disadvantages include the most successful, highest-revenue MBE/WBEs. A disparity study that focused only on MBE/WBEs that are, or could be, DBE-certified would improperly compare outcomes for “economically disadvantaged” businesses with all other businesses, including both non-Hispanic white male-owned businesses and relatively successful MBE/WBEs. Limiting the analyses to low-revenue companies would have inappropriately made it more likely for the study team to observe disparities for MBE/WBE groups. Courts that have reviewed disparity studies have accepted analyses based on race/ethnicity and gender of ownership rather than on certification status.
Certified DBEs. Certified DBEs are businesses that are certified as such through OMWBE, which means that they are businesses that:
Are owned and controlled by one or more individuals who are presumed to be both socially and economically disadvantaged according to 49 CFR Part 26;1 and
Meet the gross revenue and personal net worth requirements described in 49 CFR Part 26.
Because implementation of the Federal DBE Program requires the Port to track DBE utilization, BBC reports utilization results for all MBE/WBEs and separately for those MBE/WBEs that are DBE-certified. However, BBC does not report availability or disparity analysis results separately for certified DBEs.
Businesses owned by minority women. BBC considered four options for coding businesses owned by minority women:
Coding those businesses as both minority-owned and women-owned;
Creating unique groups of minority women-owned businesses;
Grouping minority women-owned businesses with all other women-owned businesses; and
Grouping minority women-owned businesses with their corresponding minority groups.
1 The Federal DBE Program specifies that Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, Asian-Pacific Americans, Subcontinent Asian Americans, women of any race or ethnicity, and any additional groups whose members are designated as socially and economically disadvantaged by the Small Business Administration are presumed to be disadvantaged.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 3
Figure 5-1. Summary of the strengths of BBC’s “custom census” approach
Federal courts have reviewed and upheld “custom census” approaches to examining availability. Compared with some other previous court-reviewed custom census approaches, BBC added several layers of screening to determine which businesses are potentially available for work in the construction and construction-related professional services contracting industry in the Seattle Metropolitan Area.
For example, the BBC analysis included discussions with businesses about their interest in local government work, contractor roles, and geographic locations of their work—items not included in some of the previous court-reviewed custom census approaches. BBC also analyzed the sizes of contracts and subcontracts on which businesses have bid on or performed in the past.
BBC chose not to code businesses as both women-owned and minority-owned to avoid double-counting certain businesses when reporting total MBE/WBE utilization and availability. Creating groups of minority women-owned businesses that were distinct from minority male-owned businesses (e.g., Black American women-owned businesses versus Black American male-owned businesses) was also unworkable because some minority groups had utilization and availability so low that further disaggregation by gender made it even more difficult to interpret the results.
After rejecting the first two options, BBC then considered whether to group minority women-owned businesses with all other women-owned businesses or with their corresponding minority groups. BBC chose the latter (e.g., grouping Black American women-owned businesses with all other Black American-owned businesses). Thus, “WBEs” in this report refers to non-Hispanic white women-owned businesses. The study team’s definition of WBE gives the Port information to answer questions that sometimes arise pertaining to the utilization of non-Hispanic white women-owned businesses, such as whether the work that goes to MBE/WBEs disproportionately goes to those businesses.
Majority-owned businesses. Majority-owned businesses are businesses that are not owned by minorities or women (i.e., businesses owned by non-Hispanic white males). In the utilization and availability analyses, the study team coded each business as minority-, women-, or majority-owned.
C. Information Collected about Potentially Available Businesses BBC’s availability analysis focused on specific areas of work (i.e., subindustries) related to the types of construction and construction-related professional services contracts that the Port awarded during the study period. BBC identified specific subindustries for inclusion in the availability analysis and identified the geographic areas in which the Port awarded most of the corresponding contract dollars (i.e., the relevant geographic market area). BBC considered the Seattle Metropolitan Area as the relevant geographic market area for the study. The Seattle Metropolitan Area includes King, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties.2 The study team then developed a database of potentially available businesses through surveys with business establishments located in the Seattle Metropolitan Area that do work within relevant subindustries. That method of examining availability is sometimes referred to as a “custom census” and has been accepted in federal court. Figure 5-1 summarizes the strengths of BBC’s custom census approach to examining availability.
2 The U.S. Census Bureau officially defines the relevant metropolitan area as the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA area.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 4
Overview of availability surveys. The study team conducted telephone surveys with business owners and managers to identify local businesses that are potentially available for Port construction and construction-related professional services prime contracts and subcontracts.3
BBC began the survey process by collecting information about business establishments from Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) Marketplace listings.4 BBC collected information about all business establishments listed under 8-digit work specialization codes (as developed by D&B) that were most related to the construction and construction-related professional services contracts that the Port awarded during the study period. D&B provided 9,626 business listings related to those work specialization codes.5
Information collected in availability surveys. BBC worked with Customer Research International (CRI) to conduct telephone surveys with the owners or managers of identified business establishments. Survey questions covered many topics about each organization:
Status as a private business (as opposed to a public agency or not-for-profit organization);
Status as a subsidiary or branch of another company;
Primary lines of work;
Qualifications and interest in performing construction or construction-related professional services work for the Port or other local government agencies;
Qualifications and interest in performing construction or construction-related professional services work as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor;
Largest prime contract or subcontract bid on or performed in the previous five years;
Year of establishment; and
Race/ethnicity and gender of ownership.
Appendix D provides details about specific survey questions and an example of the availability survey instrument.
Considering businesses as potentially available. CRI asked successfully contacted business owners and managers several questions concerning:
The types of work that their companies performed;
Their past bidding histories;
Their qualifications and interest in working on contracts for the Port or other local government agencies; and
Other relevant topics.
3 The study team offered business representatives the option of completing surveys via fax or e-mail if they preferred not to complete surveys via telephone.
4 D&B Marketplace is accepted as the most comprehensive and complete source of business listings in the nation.
5 Seven hundred sixty-seven of those business listings did not include a phone number. Thus, BBC attempted availability surveys with 8,859 business establishments.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 5
BBC considered businesses to be potentially available for Port construction or construction-related professional services prime contracts or subcontracts if they reported having a location in the Seattle Metropolitan Area and reported possessing all of the following characteristics:
Being a private business (as opposed to a nonprofit organization);
Having performed work relevant to Port construction or construction-related professional services contracting;
Having bid on or performed construction or construction-related professional services prime contracts or subcontracts in either the public or private sector in Washington in the past five years; and
Being qualified for and interested in work for Port or other state or local governments.6
BBC also considered the following information to determine if businesses were potentially available for specific contracts that the Port awarded during the study period:
The largest contract bid on or performed in the past; and
The year the business was established.
D. Businesses Included in the Availability Database After conducting availability surveys with thousands of local businesses, the study team developed a database of information about businesses that are potentially available for Port construction and construction-related professional services contracting work. Data from the availability surveys allowed BBC to develop a representative depiction of businesses that are qualified and interested in Port or other local agency work, but it should not be considered an exhaustive list of every business that could potentially participate in Port construction or construction-related professional services work. Appendix D provides a detailed discussion about why the database should not be considered an exhaustive list of potentially available businesses.
Figure 5-2 presents the percentage of businesses in the study team’s availability database that corresponded to each racial/ethnic and gender group. The information in Figure 5-2 solely reflects a simple count of businesses with no analysis of availability for specific Port contracts. Thus, it represents only a first step toward analyzing the availability of MBE/WBEs for Port work. The study team’s analysis included 620 businesses that were potentially available for specific construction or construction-related professional services contracts that the Port awarded during the study period. As shown in Figure 5-2, of those businesses, 24 percent were MBEs or WBEs.
6 That information was gathered separately for prime contract and subcontract work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 6
Figure 5-2. Percentage of firms in the availability database that corresponded to each racial/ethnic and gender group
Note:
Numbers rounded to nearest tenth of 1 percent and thus may not sum exactly to totals.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting 2012-2014 availability analysis.
E. MBE/WBE Availability Calculations BBC analyzed information from the availability database to develop dollar-weighted availability estimates for use in the disparity analysis. Dollar-weighted availability estimates represent the percentage of Port construction and construction-related professional services contracting dollars that MBE/WBEs would be expected to receive based on their availability for specific types and sizes of Port construction and construction-related professional services prime contracts and subcontracts. BBC’s used a bottom up, contract-by-contract “matching” approach to calculate availability.
Steps to calculating availability. Only a portion of the businesses in the availability database was considered potentially available for any given Port construction or construction-related professional services prime contract or subcontract (referred to collectively as “contract elements”). BBC first examined the characteristics of each specific contract element, including type of work, contract size, and contract date. BBC then identified businesses in the availability database that perform work of that type, in that location, of that size, in that role (i.e., prime contractor or subcontractor), and that were in business in the year that the contract element was awarded.
BBC identified the specific characteristics of each of the 1,048 Port prime contracts and subcontracts that the study team examined as part of the disparity study and then took the following steps to calculate availability for each contract element:
1. For each contract element, the study team identified businesses in the availability database that reported that they:
Are qualified and interested in performing construction or construction-related professional services work in that particular role for that specific type of work for the Port and other local agencies;
Have bid on or performed work of that size; and
Were in business in the year that the Port awarded the contract.
Race/ethnicity and gender
Black American-owned 2.6 %
Asian-Pacific American-owned 3.7
Subcontinent Asian American-owned 1.3
Hispanic American-owned 3.9
Native American-owned 2.3
Total MBE 13.7 %
WBE (white women-owned) 10.2
Total MBE/WBE 23.9 %
Total majority-owned firms 76.1
Total firms 100.0 %
Percent of firms
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 1
2. The study team then counted the number of MBEs (by race/ethnicity), WBEs, and majority-owned businesses among all businesses in the availability database that met the criteria specified in Step 1.
3. The study team translated the numeric availability of businesses for the contract element into percentage availability.
BBC repeated those steps for each contract element that the study team examined as part of the disparity study. BBC multiplied the percentage availability for each contract element by the dollars associated with the contract element, added results across all contract elements, and divided by the total dollars for all contract elements. The result was a dollar-weighted estimate of overall availability of MBE/WBEs and estimates of availability for each MBE/WBE group. Figure 5-3 provides an example of how BBC calculated availability for a specific subcontract associated with a construction prime contract that the Port awarded during the study period.
Improvements on a simple “head count” of businesses. BBC used a custom census approach to calculating MBE/WBE availability for Port work rather than using a simple “head count” of MBE/WBEs (i.e., simply calculating the percentage of all local construction and construction-related professional services businesses that are minority- or women-owned). There are several important ways in which BBC’s custom census approach to measuring availability is more precise than completing a simple head count.
BBC’s approach accounts for type of work. USDOT suggests calculating availability based on businesses’ abilities to perform specific types of work. USDOT gives the following example in “Tips for Goal-Setting in the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Program:”
If 90 percent of an agency’s contracting dollars is spent on heavy construction and 10 percent on trucking, the agency would calculate the percentage of heavy construction businesses that are MBEs or WBEs and the percentage of trucking businesses that are MBEs or WBEs, and weight the first figure by 90 percent and the second figure by 10 percent when calculating overall MBE/WBE availability.7
7 Tips for Goals Setting in the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Program, http://www.osdbu.dot.gov/dbeprogram/tips.cfm.
Figure 5-3. Example of an availability calculation for a Port subcontract
On a contract that the Port awarded in 2010, the prime contractor awarded a subcontract worth $58,246 for heavy construction work. To determine the overall availability of MBE/WBEs for that subcontract, the study team identified businesses in the availability database that:
a. Were in business in 2010;
b. Indicated that they performed heavy construction work;
c. Reported bidding on work of similar or greater size in the past; and
d. Reported qualifications and interest in working as a subcontractor on Port or other local agency construction or construction-related professional services projects.
The study team found 177 businesses in the availability database that met those criteria. Of those businesses, 41 were MBEs or WBEs. Thus, MBE/WBE availability for the subcontract was 23 percent (i.e., 41/177 X 100 = 23).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 1
The BBC study team took type of work into account by examining 22 different subindustries related to construction and construction-related professional services as part of estimating availability for Port work.
BBC’s approach accounts for qualifications and interest in construction and construction-related professional services prime contract and subcontract work. The study team collected information on whether businesses are qualified and interested in working as prime contractors, subcontractors, or both on Port or other local agency construction or construction-related professional services work, in addition to the consideration of several other factors related to Port prime contracts and subcontracts (e.g., contract types, sizes, and locations):
Only businesses that reported being qualified for and interested in working as prime contractors were counted as available for prime contracts;
Only businesses that reported being qualified for and interested in working as subcontractors were counted as available for subcontracts; and
Businesses that reported being qualified for and interested in working as both prime contractors and subcontractors were counted as available for both prime contracts and subcontracts.
BBC’s approach accounts for the size of prime contracts and subcontracts and relative capacity. BBC considered the size—in terms of dollar value—of the prime contracts and subcontracts that a business bid on or received in the previous five years (i.e., relative capacity) when determining whether to count that business as available for a particular contract element. When counting available businesses for a particular prime contract or subcontract, BBC considered whether businesses had previously bid on or received at least one contract of an equivalent or greater dollar value. BBC’s approach is consistent with many recent, key court decisions that have found relative capacity measures to be important to measuring availability (e.g., Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter vs. California Department of Transportation, et al.,8 Western States Paving Company v. Washington State DOT, Rothe Development Corp. v. U.S. Department of Defense,9 and Engineering Contractors Association of S. Fla. Inc. vs. Metro Dade County10).
BBC’s approach generates dollar-weighted results. BBC examined availability on a contract-by-contract basis and then dollar-weighted the results for different sets of contract elements. Thus, the results of relatively large contract elements contributed more to overall availability estimates than those of relatively small contract elements. BBC’s approach is consistent with USDOT’s “Tips for Goal-Setting in the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Program,” which suggests a dollar-weighted approach to calculating availability.
8 AGC, San Diego Chapter v. California DOT, 2013 WL 1607239 (9th Cir. April 16, 2013).
9 Rothe Development Corp. v. U.S. Department of Defense, 545 F.3d 1023 (Fed. Cir. 2008).
10 Engineering Contractors Association of S. Fla. Inc. vs. Metro Dade County, 943 F. Supp. 1546 (S.D. Fla. 1996).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING — FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 5, PAGE 2
F. Availability Results BBC used a custom census approach to estimate the availability of MBE/WBEs and majority-owned businesses for the 1,048 construction and construction-related professional services prime contracts and subcontracts that the Port awarded during the study period. Figure 5-4 presents overall dollar-weighted availability estimates by MBE/WBE group for those contracts.
Figure 5-4. Overall dollar-weighted availability estimates by MBE/WBE group
Note: Numbers rounded to nearest tenth of 1 percent and thus may not sum exactly to totals. For more detail and results by group, see Figure K-2 in Appendix K.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting 2012-2014 availability analysis.
Overall, MBE/WBE availability for Port construction and construction-related professional services contracts is 18.2 percent. WBEs (4.5%) and Hispanic American-owned businesses (4.8%) exhibited the highest availability percentages among all MBE/WBE groups. Note that availability estimates varied when the study team examined different subsets of those contracts.
Race/ethnicity and gender
Black American-owned 2.4 %
Asian-Pacific American-owned 2.2
Subcontinent Asian American-owned 1.8
Hispanic American-owned 4.8
Native American-owned 2.4
Total MBE 13.7 %
WBE (white women-owned) 4.5
Total MBE/WBE 18.2 %
Availability Estimate
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 6, PAGE 1
Figure 6 1.Defining and measuring “utilization”
“Utilization” of MBE/WBEs refers to the share ofprime contract and subcontract dollars that anagency awarded to MBE/WBEs during aparticular time period. BBC measures theutilization of all MBE/WBEs, regardless ofcertification, and separately of MBE/WBEs thatare DBE certified. BBC examines utilizationseparately for different racial/ethnic and gendergroups.
BBC measures MBE/WBE utilization as apercentage of total prime contract andsubcontract dollars that an agency awarded. Forexample, if 5 percent of prime contract andsubcontract dollars went to WBEs on a particularset of contracts, WBE utilization for that set ofcontracts would be 5 percent.
CHAPTER 6.Utilization Analysis
A. Overview of the Utilization Analysis
Definition of utilization.
—
Differences between BBC’s analysis and the Port’s Uniform Reports of DBEAwards/Commitments and Payments.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 6, PAGE 2
All MBE/WBEs, not only certified DBEs.
all —
Locally funded contracts, not only FAA funded contracts.
B. Overall Utilization Results
BBC
FiguOveconprofsub
Note:
Includ
Darke
The st
For m
Sourc
BBC R
FiguOvetheconprofconMB
Note:
Includ
Numband th
The stcontr
For m
Sourc
BBC Rcontr
C RESEARCH & C
ure 6 2.erall MBE/WBstruction andfessional servcontracts
:
des FAA and locally
er portion of bar pres
tudy team analyzed
more detail, see Figur
ce:
Research & Consultin
ure 6 3.erall MBE/WBPort’s constrstruction relafessional servtracts and subE/WBE group
:
des FAA and locally
bers rounded to nearhus may not sum exa
tudy team analyzedacts/subcontracts.
more detail, see Figur
ce:
Research & Consultinacting data.
ONSULTING— F
BE utilization od constructionvices prime co
funded Port contract
sents certified DBE u
1,048 prime contract
e K 2 in Appendix K.
ng from the Port’s co
BE utilization ouction andatedvices primebcontracts byp
funded Port contract
rest tenth of 1 perceactly to totals.
1,048 prime
e K 2 in Appendix K.
ng from the Port’s
FINAL REPORT
on the Port’sn relatedontracts and
ts.
tilization.
ts/subcontracts.
ntracting data.
on
y
ts.
nt
MBE/W
Blac
Asia
Subc
Hisp
Nati
WBE
To
Majo
To
DBEs
Blac
Asia
Subc
Hisp
Nati
WBE
To
Non
To
T
WBEs
ck American owned
n Pacific American
continent Asian Am
panic American ow
ve American owne
E (white women ow
otal MBE/WBE
ority owned
otal
ck American owned
n Pacific American
continent Asian Am
panic American ow
ve American owne
E (white women ow
otal DBE
DBE
otal
d
n owned
merican owned
ned
ed
wned)
d
n owned
merican owned
ned
ed
wned)
$5
1
2
2
12
$24
217
$242
1
2
2
$8
233
$242
$ in tho
CHAPTER 6, PA
5,606 2.3
1,556 0.6
371 0.2
2,417 1.0
2,499 1.0
2,182 5.0
4,631 10.2
7,684 89.8
2,315 100.0
$782 0.3
910 0.4
301 0.1
1,791 0.7
2,081 0.9
2,453 1.0
8,319 3.4
3,996 96.6
2,315 100.0
TotalPercenousands
GE 3
%
%
%
%
%
%
nt
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 6, PAGE 4
C. Utilization Results for Construction and Construction RelatedProfessional Services Contracts
BBC
FiguMBconrelacon
Note:
Includ
Darkeutiliza
The stcontr
For m
Sourc
BBC Rdata.
C RESEARCH & C
ure 6 4.E/WBE utilizastruction andated professiotracts
:
des FAA and locally
er portion of bar presation.
tudy team analyzedacts/subcontracts.
more detail, see Figur
ce:
Research & Consultin
ONSULTING— F
ation on the Pd constructiononal services
funded Port contract
sents certified DBE
1,048 prime
es K 3 and K 4 in App
ng from the Port’s co
FINAL REPORT
ort’sn
ts.
pendix K.
ntracting
T CHAPTER 6, PAGE 5
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 1
Figure 7 1.Calculation of disparity indices
The disparity index provides a way of assessinghow closely the actual utilization of anMBE/WBE group matches the percentage ofcontract dollars that the group might beexpected to receive based on its availability fora specific set of contracts. One can directlycompare a disparity index for one group tothat of another group and compare disparityindices across different sets of contracts. BBCcalculates disparity indices using the followingformula:
For example, if actual utilization of WBEs on aset of contracts was 2 percent and theavailability of WBEs for those contracts was 10percent, then the disparity index would be 2percent divided by 10 percent, which wouldthen be multiplied by 100 to equal 20. In thisexample, WBEs would have actually received20 cents of every dollar that they might beexpected to receive based on their availability.
CHAPTER 7.Disparity Analysis
A. Overview of Disparity Analysis
% actual utilization% availability x 100
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 2
all
Rothe Development Corp v. U.S. Dept of Defense Eng’g ContractorsAss’n of South Florida, Inc. v. Metropolitan Dade County Concrete Works of Colo.,Inc. v. City and County of Denver
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTCH
APTER7,PA
GE3
Figure
72.
Exam
pleof
adisparity
analysistablefrom
Appe
ndixK(sam
eas
Figure
K2inAp
pend
ixK)
Notes:
Spreadsheetrou
ndsn
umbe
rsto
nearesttho
usanddo
llarsor
tenthof
onepe
rcen
t.WBE
iswhite
wom
enow
nedbu
sinesses.
*Unkno
wnMBE
,Unkno
wnDB
EMBE
,and
Unkno
wnDB
Edo
llarswereallocatedto
MBE
subgroup
spropo
rtionaltotheknow
ntotaldollarsof
thosegrou
ps.For
exam
ple,iftotaldollarsof
BlackAm
erican
owne
dbu
sinesses(columnb,row5)
accoun
tedfor2
5pe
rcen
toftotalMBE
dollars(colum
nb,row4),the
n25
percen
tofcolum
nb,row10
wou
ldbe
adde
dto
columnb,row5andthesum
wou
ldbe
show
nincolumnc,
row5.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
gDisparity
Analysis.
(1)Allfirm
s1,048
$228
,225
$242,315
(2)
MBE
/WBE
198
$24,15
5$2
4,631
10.2
18.2
8.0
56.0
(3)
WBE
104
$11,80
1$1
2,182
5.0
4.5
0.6
112.7
(4)
MBE
94$1
2,35
4$1
2,449
5.1
13.7
8.6
37.5
(5)
BlackAm
erican
owne
d31
$5,605
$5,606
2.3
2.4
0.1
95.6
(6)
AsianPacific
American
owne
d21
$1,482
$1,556
0.6
2.2
1.6
28.8
(7)
Subcon
tinen
tAsia
nAm
erican
owne
d13
$350
$371
0.2
1.8
1.7
8.4
(8)
HispanicAm
erican
owne
d20
$2,417
$2,417
1.0
4.8
3.8
20.8
(9)
NativeAm
erican
owned
9$2
,499
$2,499
1.0
2.4
1.4
42.3
(10)
Unknow
nMBE
0$0
(11)
DBEcertified
97$8
,035
$8,319
3.4
(12)
Wom
anow
nedDB
E36
$2,233
$2,453
1.0
(13)
Minority
ownedDB
E61
$5,802
$5,866
2.4
(14)
BlackAm
erican
owne
dDB
E16
$781
$782
0.3
(15)
AsianPacific
American
owne
dDB
E14
$848
$910
0.4
(16)
Subcon
tinen
tAsia
nAm
erican
owne
dDB
E10
$301
$301
0.1
(17)
HispanicAm
erican
owne
dDB
E15
$1,791
$1,791
0.7
(18)
NativeAm
erican
ownedDB
E6
$2,081
$2,081
0.9
(19)
Unknow
nDB
EMBE
0$0
(20)
White
maleow
nedDB
E0
$0$0
0.0
(21)
Unkno
wnDB
E0
$0
(a)
(b)
(c)
totaldollars
Num
bero
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Type
contracts
(sub
contracts)
insample
insample
Dollars
(tho
usan
ds)
%columnc,row1)
(colum
nc/
Actualutilizatio
n(d)
(e)
Utilization
benchm
ark
(availability)
%
(f)Differen
ce(colum
nd
columne)
%
(g)
Disparity
inde
x(d
/e)
x100
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 4
Utilization.
Availability (utilization benchmark).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 5
Differences between utilization and availability.
Disparity indices.
Results when disparity indices were very large or when availability was zero.
B. Overall Disparity Analysis Results
BBC
FiguOveforandrelaserv
Note:
The stprime
For mAppe
Sourc
BBC Ravaila
C RESEARCH & C
ure 7 3.erall disparityPort construcd constructionated professiovices contract
:
tudy team analyzede contracts/subcontr
more detail, see Figurndix K.
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilization
ONSULTING— F
indicesctionnonalts
1,048racts.
e K 2 in
nganalyses.
FINAL REPORTT CHAPTER 7, PAAGE 6
BBC
C.Pro
FiguDispPortconprofcon
Note:
The stconstcontrconstserviccontr
For mand K
Sourc
BBC Ravaila
C RESEARCH & C
Disparity Aofessional
ure 7 4.parity indicest constructionstruction relafessional servtracts
:
tudy team analyzedruction primeacts/subcontracts anruction related profeces primeacts/subcontracts.
more detail, see FigurK 4 in Appendix K.
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilization
ONSULTING— F
Analysis ReServices C
forn andatedvices
681
nd 367essional
es K 3
nganalyses.
FINAL REPORT
esults for CContracts
T
Constructiion and Coonstruction
CHAPTER 7, PA
n Related
AGE 7
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 8
Figure 7 5.Statistical confidence in availability andutilization results
As part of the availability analysis, BBCconducted telephone surveys with more than1,900 business establishments—a number ofcompleted surveys that is generallyconsidered large enough to be treated as a“population,” not a sample. The confidenceinterval around BBC’s estimate of MBE/WBErepresentation among all businessesavailable for Port construction andconstruction related professional serviceswork—23.9 percent—is accurate withinabout +/ 1.6 percentage points at the 95percent confidence level (BBC applied thefinite population correction factor whendetermining confidence intervals). Bycomparison, many survey results forproportions reported in the popular pressare accurate within about +/ 5.0 percentagepoints.
D. Statistical Significance of Disparity Analysis Results
Monte Carlo analysis.
Results.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 9
Figure 7 6.Monte Carlo Analysis
The study team began the Monte Carlo analysis by examining individual contract elements. For eachcontract element, BBC’s availability database provided information on individual businesses thatwere available for that contract element based on type of work, contractor role, contract size, andlocation of the work. The study team assumed that each available business had an equal chance ofwinning that contract element. For example, the odds of a WBE receiving that contract elementwere equal to the number of WBEs available for the contract element divided by the total numberof businesses available for the work. The Monte Carlo simulation then randomly chose a businessfrom the pool of available businesses to win the contract element.
The Monte Carlo simulation repeated the above process for all other elements in a particular set ofcontracts. The output of a single Monte Carlo simulation for all contract elements in the setrepresented simulated utilization of MBE/WBEs, by group, for that set of contract elements. Theentire Monte Carlo simulation was then repeated one million times for each set of contracts. Thecombined output from all one million simulations represented a probability distribution of theoverall utilization of MBE/WBEs if contracts were awarded randomly based on the availability ofbusinesses working in the local construction and construction related professional servicescontracting industry.
The output of the Monte Carlo simulations represents the number of runs out of one million thatproduced a simulated utilization result that was equal or below the observed utilization in the actualdata for each MBE/WBE group and for each set of contracts. If that number was less than or equalto 25,000 (i.e., 2.5% of the total number of runs), then the study team considered that disparityindex to be statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level. If that number was less thanor equal to 50,000 (i.e., 5.0% of the total number of runs), then the study team considered thatdisparity index to be statistically significant at the 90 percent confidence level.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 7, PAGE 10
Figure 7 7.Monte Carlo simulation results for disparity analysis results
Note: Numbers rounded to nearest tenth of 1 percent. Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting availability and utilization analyses.
MBE/WBE Group
All contracts
WBE 112 N/A N/A
MBE 37 364 <0.1 %
Construction contracts
WBE 134 N/A N/A
MBE 41 10,944 1.1 %
Professional services contracts
WBE 47 51,827 5.2 %
MBE 21 76 <0.1
Disparityindex
Number of simulationruns out of one million
that replicatedobserved utilization
Probability ofobserved disparityoccurring due to
"chance"
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 8, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 8.Further Exploration of Disparities
A. Are there Disparities for Prime Contracts and Subcontracts?
BBC
FiguDispforandrelaconsub
Note:
The stprimesubco
For mK 9 an
Sourc
BBC Ravailaanaly
B. A
C RESEARCH & C
ure 8 1.parity indicesconstructiond constructionated primetracts andcontracts
:
tudy team analyzede contracts and 704ontracts.
more detail, see Figurnd K 12 in Appendix
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilizationses.
Are there
ONSULTING— F
n
344
esK.
ng
Disparities
FINAL REPORT
s for Large
T
e and Smalll Prime Coontracts?
CHAPTER 8, PAAGE 2
BBC
FiguDisplargconprim
Note:
The stsmalllarge
Smallconst$2 miconstprofeworthprimeconstmoreconstprofeworth
For mK 15 a
Sourc
BBC Ravailaanaly
C. A
C RESEARCH & C
ure 8 2.parity indicesge primetracts and smme contracts
:
tudy team analyzedprime contracts andprime contracts.
prime contracts werruction contracts woillion or less andruction relatedssional services conth $500,000 or less. Lae contracts wereruction contracts wothan $2 million andruction relatedssional services conth more than $500,00
more detail, see Figurand K 16 in Appendix
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilizationses.
Are there
ONSULTING— F
for
mall
305d 39
reorth
tractsarge
orth
tracts00.
esx K.
ng
Disparities
FINAL REPORT
s in Differe
T
ent Time PPeriods during the St
CHAPTER 8, PA
tudy Perio
AGE 3
od?
BBC
FiguDisp201201
Note:
The stprimefor 20contr2012
For mK 5 an
Sourc
BBC Ravailaanaly
D.
Con
Num
C RESEARCH & C
ure 8 3.parity indices10 2011 and12 2013
:
tudy team analyzede contracts/subcontr010 2011 and 419 practs/subcontracts fo2013.
more detail, see Figurnd K 6 in Appendix K
ce:
Research & Consultinability and utilizationses.
Do Bid/Pr
nstruction.
mber of bids
ONSULTING— F
in
629ractsimeor
esK.
ng
oposal Pro
from MBE/W
FINAL REPORT
ocesses Ex
WBEs.
T
plain Any Disparities for Prime
CHAPTER 8, PA
e Contract
AGE 4
ts?
BBC
Suc
FiguPercPortconcon
Note:
Basedcontr
Sourc
BBC RSeatt
Con
Num
C RESEARCH & C
ccess of bids.
ure 8 4.centage of bidt constructiontracts that retract awards
:
d on analysis of 576 bacts.
ce:
Research & Consultinle contract records.
nstruction r
mber of bids
ONSULTING— F
ds onnsulted in
bids on 139
ng from Port of
related prof
from MBE/W
FINAL REPORT
fessional se
WBEs.
T
ervices.
CHAPTER 8, PAAGE 5
BBC
Suc
FiguPercPortprofconcon
Note:
Based43 co
Sourc
BBC Rof Sea
C RESEARCH & C
ccess of propo
ure 8 5.centage of bidt constructionfessional servtracts that retract awards
:
d on analysis of 175 pntracts.
ce:
Research & Consultinattle contract record
ONSULTING— F
osals.
ds onn relatedvicessulted in
proposals on
ng from Ports.
FINAL REPORTT CHAPTER 8, PAAGE 6
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 9.Race and Gender Neutral Measures
— —
——
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 2
Figure 9 1.Excerpt from Explanation of Approvalof [State] DBE Goal Setting Process forFY [Year]
You must also explain the basis for theState’s race neutral/race consciousdivision and why it is the State’s bestestimate of the maximum amount ofparticipation that can be achievedthrough race neutral means. There are avariety of types of information that canbe relied upon when determining arecipient's race neutral/race consciousdivision. Appropriate information shouldgive a sound analysis of the recipient’smarket, the race neutral measures itemploys and information on contractingin the recipient’s contracting area.Information that could be relied onincludes: the extent of participation ofDBEs in the recipient’s contracts that donot have contract goals; past primecontractors’ achievements; excess DBEachievements over past goals; how manyDBE primes have participated in thestate’s programs in the past; orinformation about state, local or privatecontracting in similar areas that do notuse contracting goals and how manyminority and women’s businessesparticipate in programs without goals.
Source: FHWA, Explanation for Approval of [State]DBE Program Goal Setting Process for FY [Year].http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/civilrights/dbe_memo_a4.htm.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 3
A. Is there evidence of discrimination within the local construction andconstruction related professional services contracting marketplace for anyracial/ethnic or gender groups?
B. What has been the agency’s past experience in meeting its overall DBEgoal?
Figure 9 2.Past certified DBE participation in the Port’sFAA funded contracts, FFYs 2009, 2010, and 2011.
Note: The Port of Seattle did not award any USDOT funded contracts in FFY 2012,so the agency did not set an overall DBE goal for that year.
Source: Port of Seattle DBE Program, 2012.
C. What has DBE participation been when the agency did not use race orgender conscious measures?
FFY
2009 17.5 % 3.0 % 14.5 %2010 11.9 4.0 7.92011 3.3 0.0 3.3
DBEattainment
AnnualDBE goal Difference
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 4
D. What is the extent and effectiveness of race and gender neutralmeasures that the agency could have in place for the next fiscal year?
Current race and gender neutral measures.—
—
Business outreach and communication.
Meetings and relationship building.
Website and communications.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 5
Advertisements of contract opportunities.
Technical assistance.
Business and financial management.
Technological training.
Improved contracting practices.
Potential race and gender neutral measures.
— —
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 9, PAGE 6
Figure 9 3.Examples of race and gender neutral programs that Washington organizations have in place
Source: BBC Research & Consulting.
Neutral measure Description
Technical assistance Technical assistance programs are available throughout Washington. Those programs primarily providegeneral information and assistance for business start ups and growing businesses. Industry specificresources often take the form of checklists of issues of which businesses should be aware and easilyaccessible business forms. Examples of general support providers include SCORE, Washington StateNetwork Small Business Development Centers, and the Washington State Small Business Administration.Some large organizations that offer trade specific classes and seminars are the Associated GeneralContractors and the American Council of Engineering Companies.
Other programs focus on market development assistance and the use of electronic media andtechnology. Those programs are available through organizations such as The Foundation for theAdvancement of Marketing Excellence in Entrepreneurs. More locally focused programs include theBusiness Development Center at UW Bothell, INROADS in Seattle and Northern Idaho, the SeattleCommunity Capital Development, and the Washington State Department of Transportation.
Small business finance Washington State offers a program called the Linked Deposit Program which links the deposit of statefunds to loans made by participating financial institutions to qualified MBE/WBEs. The deposit of thestate funds is made at below market rates, and the savings are passed on by the bank to the LinkedDeposit borrowers in the form of an interest rate not to exceed 2 percent. Sound Transit currentlyparticipates in the Linked Deposit Program.
Other organizations providing financing or help finding financing in Washington include CommunityCapital Development, which provides both loans and training and technical assistance; the RuralWashington Loan Fund, which provides loans to businesses that would create jobs or help retain existingjobs in specific areas, especially for low income persons; the Coastal Revolving Loan Fund/TechnicalAssistance Loan Fund, which provides loans to businesses that would create jobs in regions affected bydeclines in fishing and timber industries; Evergreen Community Development; and organizations such asACCION USA. Other local organizations, including minority and regional chambers, provide training andsupport on how to obtain financing and prepare funding documents.
Bonding programs Bonding programs offering bonding and finance assistance and training have become more popular.Programs such as the SBA Bond Guarantee Program provide bid, performance, and payment bondguarantees for individual contracts. The USDOT Bonding Assistance Program also provides bondingassistance in the form of bonding fee cost reimbursements for DBEs performing transportation work andis a major bonding source for Washington DBE firms.
The Washington Economic Development Finance Authority offers resources, bonds, and information forobtaining bond financing in Washington, particularly for smaller manufacturing and processing facilitiesand environmental preservation, energy, technology, and applied biological sciences as they overlap withwaste disposal.
Mentor protégé programs The City of Tacoma’s Historically Underutilized Business Program (HUB) offers a mentor protégé programthat connects HUB certified businesses with a successful business owner mentor.
Community Capital Development and the City of Shoreline, through their contracts with ShorelineCommunity College Small Business Accelerator, both provide free business mentoring.
The Small Business Administration 8(a) Business Development Mentor Protégé Program is an example ofa mentor protégé program that pairs subcontractors with prime contractors to assist in management,financial, and technical assistance and exploration of joint ventures and subcontractor opportunities forfederal contracts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 1
CHAPTER 10.Implementation of the Federal DBE Program,the SCS Program, and the SBE Program
Reporting to DOT – 49 CFR Part 26.11 (b)
Uniform Reports of DBEAwards or Commitments and Payments
Bidders List – 49 CFR Part 26.11 (c)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 2
Improving vendor data.
Information from availability telephone surveys.
Prompt Payment Mechanisms – 49 CFR Part 26.29
DBE Directory – 49 CFR Part 26.31
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 3
Overconcentration – 49 CFR Part 26.33
Business Development Programs – 49 CFR Part 26.35 and Mentor ProtégéPrograms – 49 CFR Appendix D to Part 26
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 4
Responsibilities for Monitoring the Performance of Other ProgramParticipants – 49 CFR Part 26.37
Uniform Report of DBEAwards or Commitments and Payments
Fostering Small Business Participation – 49 CFR Part 26.39
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 5
Prohibition of DBE Quotas and Set asides for DBEs Unless in Limited andExtreme Circumstances – 49 CFR Part 26.43
Setting Overall DBE Goals – 49 CFR Part 26.45
Analysis of Reasons for not Meeting Overall DBE Goal – 49 CFR Part26.47(c)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 6
Need for separate accounting for participation of potential DBEs.
potentially
Uniform Reports of DBE Awards or Commitments and Payments
Other steps to evaluate how the Port might better meet its overall goal.
Maximum Feasible Portion of Goal Met through Race and Gender NeutralMeasures – 49 CFR Part 26.51(a)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 7
Use of DBE Contract Goals – 49 CFR Part 26.51(d)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 8
Flexible Use of any Race and Gender Conscious Measures –49 CFR Part 26.51(f)
Good Faith Effort Procedures – 49 CFR Part 26.53
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 9
Counting DBE and MBE/WBE Participation – 49 CFR Part 26.55
Uniform Report of DBE Awards or Commitments andPayments
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 10, PAGE 10
DBE Certification – 49 CFR Part 26 Subpart D
,
Monitoring Changes to the Federal DBE Program
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 1
APPENDIX A.Definitions of Terms
Anecdotal information.
Availability analysis.
Business.
Business listing.
Business establishment.
Certified minority owned business enterprise (certified MBE).
Certified women owned business enterprise (certified WBE).
Contract.
Contract element.
Contractor.
Control.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 2
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE).
Disparity.
Disparity analysis.
Disparity index.
Dun & Bradstreet (D&B).
Employer firms.
Enterprise.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 3
Establishment.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Federal DBE Program.
Firm.
Federally funded contract.
Industry.
Locally funded contract.
Majority owned business.
MBE.
Minorities.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 4
Minority owned business enterprise (MBE).
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes.
Non DBEs.
Non response bias.
Owned.
Port of Seattle (the Port).
Potential DBE.
Prime consultant.
Prime contract.
Prime contractor.
Project.
Race and gender conscious measures.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 5
Race and gender neutral measures.
Relevant geographic market area.
Small business enterprise (SBE).
Small Business Administration (SBA).
Statistically significant difference.
Subconsultant.
Subcontract.
Subcontractor.
United States Departments of Transportation (USDOT).
Utilization.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A, PAGE 6
Washington State Office of Minority and Women’s Business Enterprises (OMWBE).
WBE.
Women owned business enterprise (WBE).
HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP
APPENDIX B
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIALATTORNEY CLIENT PRIVILEGEATTORNEY WORK PRODUCTNOT FOR PUBLIC DISSEMINATION
CONFIDENTIALFINAL REPORT
PORT OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
REPORT ON LEGAL FRAMEWORKAND ANALYSIS
Keith M. WienerPartner
Holland & Knight LLPOne Atlantic Center1201 West Peachtree Street, N.E.Suite 2000Atlanta, Georgia 30309 3473(404) 817 8515
I
Table of Contents
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.,
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (“Adarand I”),
Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. CaliforniaDepartment of Transportation
Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. CaliforniaDepartment of Transportation, et al.
appeal dismissed based on standing, on othergrounds Ninth Circuit held Caltrans' DBE Program constitutional, AssociatedGeneral Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California Department ofTransportation, et al., 713 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. April 16, 2013)
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOTcert. denied
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington DOT, US DOT & FHWA
M.K. Weeden Construction v. State of Montana, Montana Department ofTransportation, et al.
Monterey Mechanical v. Wilson
Associated Gen. Contractors of California, Inc. v. Coalition for Econ. Equity (“AGCC”)
Coral Construction Co. v. King County
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinoisaff’d
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. State of Illinois, Illinois DOT, and USDOT
II
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT, and Gross Seed Company v. NebraskaDepartment of Road cert. denied
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOTaff’d
Gross Seed Co. v. Nebraska Department of Roadsaff’d
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater cert. grantedthen dismissed as improvidently granted sub nom. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v.Mineta
Geod Corporation v. New Jersey Transit Corporation et. al
Geod Corporation v. New Jersey Transit Corporation et. seq
South Florida Chapter of the Associated General Contractors v. Broward County,Florida
Klaver Construction, Inc. v. Kansas DOT
Recent Decisions in Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal
H. B. Rowe Co., Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, NCDOT et al.,
Jana Rock Construction, Inc. v. New York State Dept. of Economic Development
Rapid Test Prods., Inc. v. Durham Sch. Servs., Inc.
Virdi v. DeKalb County School District
Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc. v. City and County of Denvercert. denied
Kornhass Construction, Inc. v. State of Oklahoma, Department of Central Services
In re City of Memphis
Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. County of Cook
Associated Gen. Contractors v. Drabik affirming
W.H. Scott Constr. Co. v. City of Jackson,
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n of S. Florida v. Metro. Dade County
H.B. Rowe Corp., Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, North Carolina DOT et alaffirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded
Thomas v. City of Saint Paul affirmed
cert. denied
III
Thompson Building Wrecking Co. v. Augusta, Georgia
Hershell Gill Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Miami Dade County
Florida A.G.C. Council, Inc. v. State of Florida
The Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. The City of Chicago
Associated Utility Contractors of Maryland, Inc. v. Mayor and City Council ofBaltimore
Associated Utility Contractors of Maryland, Inc. v. The Mayor and City Council ofBaltimore
Webster v. Fulton County a’ffd per curiam
Associated Gen. Contractors v. Drabik
Phillips & Jordan, Inc. v. Watts
Rothe Development Corp. v. U.S. Department of Defense
DynaLantic Corp. v. United States Dept. of Defense, et al.appeal pending
DynaLantic Corp. v. United States Dept. of Defense
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 1
APPENDIX B.Report on Legal Analysis
A. Introduction
Cityof Richmond v. J.A. Croson Croson
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena Adarand ICroson
Adarand I Croson
Croson Adarand I
Associated General Contractors of America, SanDiego Chapter, Inc. v. California Department of Transportation (“Caltrans”), et al. WesternStates Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT6.
Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California Department ofTransportation (“Caltrans”), et al.
Western States Paving
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena
Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California Department of Transportation, et al.AGC, SDC v. Caltrans
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT cert. denied
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 2
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois DOT,7 Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. MinnDOT and Gross Seed v. Nebraska Department of Roads, Adarand Construction, Inc. v. Slater9(“Adarand VII”) Geod Corporation v. New Jersey Transit Corporation10, South Florida Chapterof the A.G.C. v. Broward County, Florida.
AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Western States Paving,
Western States Paving
cert. denied
Adarand VII
See AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois DOTWestern States Paving Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minn. DOT
cert. denied Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater Adarand VII
Western States Paving Company v. Washington State Department ofTransportation available at
see see also
Id
Id.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 3
Western States Paving
AGC, SDC v. Caltrans( AGC,SDC v. Caltrans
WesternStates Paving
Western States Paving see also
Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California DOT (Caltrans ,Associated General Contractor of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California DOT (Caltrans U.S.D.C. E.D. Cal.,
appeal dismissed based on standing, on other groundsNinth Circuit held Caltrans' DBE Program constitutional, Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v.California DOT (Caltrans , et al.,
Id Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California DOT (Caltrans),
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 4
B. U.S. Supreme Court Cases1. City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989)
Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 5
2. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (“Adarand I”), 515 U.S. 200 (1995)
Adarand I Croson
Adarand I
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 6
C. The Legal Framework Applied to the Federal DBE Program and Stateand Local Government MBE/WBE Programs
1. The Federal DBE Program
Adarand
Appendix The Compelling Interest for Affirmative Action in Federal Procurementsee Adarand VII citing The Compelling
Interest
Pub
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 8
MAP 21 (July 2012).
U.S. DOT Final Rule, 76 Fed. Reg. 5083 (January 28, 2011).
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 10
e.g.
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) for the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise:Program Implementation Modifications for 49 CFR Part 26 (September 6, 2012)
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 12
2. Strict Scrutiny Analysis
Id
Id
Id
Id
roson Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena Adarand I See, Fisher v. Universityof Texas,
Adarand I AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Northern ContractingWestern States Paving Sherbrooke Turf Adarand VII
Associated Gen. Contractors of Ohio, Inc. v. Drabik (“Drabik II”) Eng’g Contractors Ass’n of SouthFlorida, Inc. v. Metro. Dade County Contractors Ass’n of E. Pa. v. City of Philadelphia (“CAEP I”)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 13
a. The Compelling Governmental Interest Requirement
e.g.
Barriers to minority business formation.
See e.g
Id
N. Contracting Western States Paving Sherbrooke Turf Adarand VII
Id Rothe Dev. Corp. v. U.S. Dept. of Defense
i.e.
RotheN.
Contracting Sherbrooke Turf Adarand VII Western States Paving
Rothe Rothe’s
Rothe Devel. Corp. v. U.S. Dept. of Defense
Sherbrooke TurfAdarand VII Western States Paving
Rothe See alsoDynaLantic Corp. v. U.S. Department of Defense, et al
Sherbrooke Turf citing Adarand VII Western States Paving
See e.g Adarand VII see also Western States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 14
Barriers to competition for existing minority enterprises.
Local disparity studies.
Results of removing affirmative action programs.
MAP 21
Burden of proof.
Adarand VII Western States Paving see DynaLantic,
Adarand VII see DynaLantic,
Id see DynaLantic,
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 15
77
Statistical evidence.
Availability analysis.
See Rothe Development Corp. v. Department of Defense N. Contracting, Inc. IllinoisWestern States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOTAdarand Constructors Inc. v. Slater (“Adarand VII”)
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Monterey Mechanical Co. v. WilsonDynaLantic Hershell Gill Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Miami Dade County
Adarand VII Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
See e.g Adarand VII Eng’g Contractors Ass’n see also Sherbrooke TurfN. Contracting
See e.g. Croson AGC, SDC v. Caltrans . ContractingWestern States Paving Adarand VII
Croson quoting Hazelwood School Dist. v. United States
Croson see AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Rothe Concrete Works ofColo., Inc. v. City and County of Denver Concrete Works II Drabik II
See e.g Croson AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Rothe Concrete Works IIsee Western States Paving
Western States Paving
See e.g Croson AGC, SDC V. Caltrans RotheN. Contracting Western States Paving
Contractors Ass’n of Eastern Pennsylvania, Inc. v. City of Philadelphia (“CAEP II”)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 16
Utilization analysis.
Disparity index.
Two standard deviation test.
Anecdotal evidence.
Id
See, e.g. AGC, SDC v. Caltrans ; Eng’g Contractors Ass’n N. ContractingSherbrooke Turf
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n W.H. Scott Constr. Co. v. City of JacksonContractors Ass’n of Eastern Pennsylvania, Inc. v. City of Philadelphia
See e.g Ricci v. DeStefano AGC, SDC v. Caltrans RotheEng’g Contractors Ass’n Concrete Works I
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
Peightal v. Metropolitan Eng’g Contractors Ass’nKadas v. MCI Systemhouse Corp
See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Coral Constr. Co. v.King County O’Donnell Constr. Co. v. District of Columbia
See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, ; Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Concrete WorksContractors Ass’n Coral Constr. Co. v. King County
Concrete Works I
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 17
b. The Narrow Tailoring Requirement
See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, Northern Contracting affirmede.g Concrete Works Adarand VII
see Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Concrete Works Cone Corp. v.Hillsborough County DynaLantic, Florida A.G.C.Council, Inc. v. State of Florida
See e.g Concrete Works II Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Cone CorpNorthern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois aff’d
See e.g See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, Rothe Western States PavingSherbrooke Turf Adarand VII Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 18
Northern ContractingMilwaukee County Pavers v. Fielder
Western States PavingSherbrooke Turf
Northern Contracting
Western States Paving
Western StatesPaving
Western States Paving
Western States Paving Sherbrooke Turf
Id
Id
Id
Id , e.g., Geod Corp. v. New Jersey Transit Corp., et al South Florida Chapter of the A.G.C.v. Broward County, Florida
Western States Paving
Id Northern Contracting WesternStates Paving Milwaukee County Pavers
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 19
Associated Gen. Contractors v. Drabik (“Drabik II”)Adarand
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District110
106 See, e.g., See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, Western States PavingAdarand VII Kornhass Construction, Inc. v. State of Oklahoma, Department of Central Services
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n see also Virdi v. DeKalb County School DistrictWebster v. Fulton County
aff’d per curiam
See Grutter v. Bollinger Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co AGC, SDC v.Caltrans Western States Paving see also Adarand I
Associated Gen. Contractors of Ohio, Inc. v. Drabik
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 20
Race , ethnicity , and gender neutral measures.
Croson
see also Grutter v. Bollinger
See e.g AGC, SDC v. Caltrans, ; Western States Paving Sherbrooke TurfAdarand VII Eng’g Contractors Ass’n Coral Constr
See Croson Drabik I see also Eng’g ContractorsAss’n Virdi
Croson
See e.g Adarand VII Western States PavingSherbrooke Turf
AdarandAdarand
AdarandAdarand
See e.g Northern Contracting Western States Paving citing
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 21
AGC, SDC v. Caltrans
Western States PavingAGC, SDC v. Caltrans
See see e.g Croson N. Contracting Adarand VIIEng’g Contractors Ass’n
Western States Paving
AGC, SDC v. Caltran ,
AGC, SDC v. Caltrans
AGC, SDC v. Caltrans citing Grutter v. Bollinger
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 22
Additional factors considered under narrow tailoring.
3. Intermediate Scrutiny Analysis
Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
CAEP I Associated Gen. Contractors of Ca., Inc. v. Coalition for Economic Equality (“AGC of Ca.”)Coral Constr. Co. v. King County Cone Corp. v. Hillsborough
County
CAEP Cone Corp
CAEP AGC of Ca. Cone Corp
Id
Id
Western States Paving AGC of Ca
Peightal
Coral Constr
See generally AGC, SDC v. Caltrans Western States Paving Coral Constr. Co.Equal. Found. v. City of Cincinnati Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
Ensley Branch N.A.A.C.P. v. Seibels see also U.S. v. Virginia
Id
Id Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. County of Cook, Chicago
Builders Ass’n Engineering Contractors
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 23
4. Washington State Civil Rights Act: RCW 49.60.400
5. Pending Cases (at the time of this report)
Midwest Fence Corporation v. United States Department of Transportation and FederalHighway Administration, the Illinois Department of Transportation, the Illinois State TollHighway Authority, et al. In Midwest Fence Corporation v. USDOT, the FHWA, the Illinois DOTand the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority,
Coral Constr. Co. See Eng’g Contractors Ass’n
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 24
Midwest Fence Corp. v. United States DOT, IllinoisDOT, et al
Geyer Signal, Inc., et al. v. Minnesota DOT, the United States DOT, the Federal HighwayAdministration, et al. Geyer Signal, Inc., et al. v. Minnesota DOT, U.S. DOT, Federal HighwayAdministration, et al.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 25
Dunnet Bay Construction Company v. Gary Hannig, in its official capacity as Secretary ofTransportation for the Illinois DOT and the Illinois DOT. Dunnet Bay Construction Companyv. Gary Hannig, in its official capacity as Secretary of the Illinois DOT and the Illinois DOT,
See Dunnet BayConstruction Company v. Hannig
See also, Dunnet Bay 2011
Mountain West Holding Co., Inc. v. The State of Montana, Montana DOT, et al. MountainWest Holding Co., Inc. v. The State of Montana, Montana DOT, et al.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 28
D. Recent Decisions Involving the Federal DBE Program and State orLocal Government MBE/WBE Programs In The Ninth Circuit.
1. Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v.California Department of Transportation, et al., 713 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. April16, 2013)
Id.
Id.
Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT.Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State Department of Transportation
Id. Western States Paving
Id
Id Western States Paving Co
Western States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 29
Id Western States Paving Co
Evidence Gathering and the 2007 Disparity Study.
Western States PavingId
Id
IdId
Id.
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Idevery
IdId.
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 30
Id.Id
Caltrans’ DBE Program.Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
District Court Proceedings.
Id
Subsequent Caltrans Study and Program.
Id
Id
IdId
Jurisdiction Issue.
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 31
Id
IdId
Caltrans’ DBE Program Held Constitutional on the Merits.Id
Id
Id AdarandConstructors, Inc. v. Peña, Adarand III Adarand III
Id. ( Adarand III
Id.Western States Paving,
Id
A. Application of Strict Scrutiny Standard Articulated inWestern States Paving.
Western States Paving. Western States Paving
Id. WesternStates Paving,
1. Evidence of Discrimination in California Contracting Industry
IdId City
of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.,
Id Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters v.United States,
Western States Paving
Id.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 32
Id WesternStates Paving,
Id.
Id
IdWestern States Paving
Western States,
see Croson,
Id
Id CrosonId.
Croson
CrosonId. Croson
Id.
Id.Id.
Id. quoting Croson
everyWestern States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 33
Id. quoting Croson
Id.Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id citing Western States AGCC II
Id.every
Id.Id
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 34
2. Program Tailored to Groups Who Actually Suffered Discrimination.Western States Paving
IdId
IdId.
Id
Id.Western
States. Id.
Id.
Id.
not Id.
and Id.
B. Consideration of Race–Neutral Alternatives.
Id. Western States Paving
Id.
Id. citing Grutter v. Bollinger,
Id.
C. Certification Affidavits for Disadvantaged Business Enterprises.
in California. Id.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 35
Id.
D. Application of Program to Mixed State and Federally Funded Contracts.
Id.
Id.
E. CONCLUSION.
Id.Id
2. Associated General Contractors of America, San Diego Chapter, Inc. v.California Department of Transportation, et al., U.S.D.C., E.D. Cal. CivilAction No. S 09 1622, Slip Opinion (E.D. Cal. April 20, 2011), appealdismissed based on standing, on other grounds Ninth Circuit held Caltrans'DBE Program constitutional, Associated General Contractors of America,San Diego Chapter, Inc. v. California Department of Transportation, et al.,713 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. April 16, 2013)
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 36
Western States Paving Company v. Washington State DOT
quoting WesternStates Paving citing City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
Western States Paving
Western States Paving
Western States Paving
Western States Paving
IdWestern States
Paving Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 37
Western States Paving
Western States Paving Id Western States Paving
Id
Western States Paving
Id
Id
AGC, SDC v. Cal. DOT
3. Western States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT, 407 F.3d 983 (9th Cir.2005), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 1170 (2006)
Western States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 38
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
e.g.Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 39
Id
Id
Id
IdId
IdId
Facial challenge (Federal Government).
Id citing City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater (“Adarand VII”)
Id
Id
Id
IdId
As applied challenge (State of Washington).
IdId
Id see also Br. for the United States
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 40
onlyonly
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT cert.denied Id
IdId
nationalId
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdTennessee Asphalt Co. v. Farris
Id
Id citing Croson MontereyMechanical Co. v. Wilson
Id Monterey Mechanical
Idciting Monterey Mechanical Id
citing Builders Ass’n of Greater Chi. v. County of CookAssociated Gen. Contractors of Ohio, Inc. v. Drabik O’DonnellConstr. Co. v. District of Columbia
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 41
Id
Id
IdId
Id
i.e.Id
Id
Id
Id
supra Id
Id Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 42
4. Western States Paving Co. v. Washington DOT, US DOT & FHWA, 2006 WL1734163 (W.D. Wash. June 23, 2006) (unpublished opinion)
WesternStates Paving Co. Washington DOT, US DOT, and FHWA cert. denied
supra
Western States
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 43
5. M.K. Weeden Construction v. State of Montana, Montana Department ofTransportation, et al., 2013 WL 4774517 (D. Mont.) (September 4, 2013)
Factual Background and Claims.
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 44
Idpro forma
Id
Id.
No proof of irreparable harm and balance of equities favor Montana DOT.
Id
IdId
Id
Id
No Standing.
Id
itId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 45
Court applies AGC v. California DOT case; evidence supports narrowly tailored DBE program.
Id citing Associated General Contractors v. CaliforniaDept. of Transportation
Id citing Associated General Contractors v. California DOT
quoting AGC v. California DOTAGC v. California DOT
Idquoting AGC v. California DOT
AGC v. California DOTId
Due Process claim.
responsible
Id.
Holding and Voluntary Dismissal.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 46
6. Monterey Mechanical v. Wilson, 125 F.3d 702 (9th Cir. 1997)
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Idde minimis Id
Id
Id
IdConcrete
Works of Colorado v. DenverId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 47
e.g. Id
IdId
e.g. Id citing Wygant v. Jackson Board of EducationCity of Richmond v. J.A. Croson, Co.
Id citing Hopwood v.State of Texas
7. Associated Gen. Contractors of California, Inc. v. Coalition for Econ. Equity(“AGCC”), 950 F.2d 1401 (9th Cir. 1991)
Associated Gen. Contractors of California, Inc. v. Coalition for Econ. Equity (“AGCC”)
AGCC
Id.
Id
Id
Id
Id
City of Richmond v. CrosonCroson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 48
Id citingCroson
Id quoting Coral Construction Company v. King County
Idquoting Coral Construction
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
IdId
Coral Construction
Id citing Coral Construction Croson
Id quoting CoralConstruction
Id
IdId
quoting Coral Construction
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 49
Id
Id
Id
Croson
IdId
Id
IdId quoting Coral Construction
Id quoting Coral Construction
IdId
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 50
Id
CrosonId
Id
Id quoting Coral Construction
Id
8. Coral Construction Co. v. King County, 941 F.2d 910 (9th Cir. 1991)
Coral Construction Co. v. King County
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
i.e.
Id Croson
Id quoting Hazelwood SchoolDist. v. United States Croson
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 51
Id
IdId
quoting International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States
Idciting Cone Corp. v. Hillsborough County
Id
someId
some
Id
Id
Id
Id
Croson
Id citing CrosonCroson
Id
Id
Id citing
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 52
IdId
Id
Idevery
Id
IdId
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 54
E. Recent Decisions Involving the Federal DBE Program and itsImplementation in Other Jurisdictions
1. Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois, 473 F.3d 715 (7th Cir. 2007)
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois
(“
Id
IdId
Id
IdId
IdId
IdId
Id
IdId
IdAdarand
Id citing WesternStates Paving Co., Inc. v. Washington State DOT cert. denied
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 55
cert. denied
Id quoting Milwaukee County Pavers Association v. Fielder
Id Milwaukee
Id AdarandConstructors v. Pena
Id
MilwaukeeWestern States Sherbrooke Id
Western States MilwaukeeMilwaukee Id
SherbrookeMilwaukee
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id citing
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 56
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
2. Northern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois, 2005 WL 2230195 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 8,2005), aff’d 473 F.3d 715 (7th Cir. 2007)
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. State of Illinois, Illinois DOT, and USDOTinfra.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 57
Id
Id
Statistical evidence
Id
Id
Marketplace
Id
Id Id
IdIdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 59
Id
Anecdotal evidence Id
Id
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Strict scrutiny Id
before
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 60
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
because
Id citing Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc. v. City and County of Denver,
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
private
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 61
Id Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. County of Cookaff’dId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id citing Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater “Adarand VII”
3. Northern Contracting, Inc. v. State of Illinois, Illinois DOT, and USDOT, 2004WL 422704 (N.D. Ill. March 3, 2004)
Northern Contracting, Inc.see
i.e.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 62
Northern Contracting
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v.Minnesota Department of Transportation Adarand Constructors,Inc. v. Slater Adarand VII cert. granted then dismissed asimprovidently granted
Adarand VII Sherbrooke Turf
citingAdarand VII
Sherbrooke TurfAdarand VII
citing quoting Sherbooke Turfquoting Grutter v. Bollinger
Adarand VII Sherbrooke Turf
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 63
Sherbooke Turf
Sherbrooke Turf
Sherbrooke Turf
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 64
4. Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT, and Gross Seed Company v.Nebraska Department of Road, 345 F.3d 964 (8th Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 541U.S. 1041 (2004)
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT Gross Seed Company v. Nebraska Department ofRoad,
Adarand
Adarand
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 65
Id
Id
See
See
See
See
SeeSee
citing Grutter v. Bollinger
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 67
Id
Id
Gross Seed Sherbrooke Seeinfra
5. Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota DOT, 2001 WL 1502841, No. 00 CV 1026(D. Minn. 2001) (unpublished opinion), aff’d 345 F.3d 964 (8th Cir. 2003)
Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke
SherbrookeAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 68
Sherbrooke, 2001
Croson’s
Id
Id
Id
6. Gross Seed Co. v. Nebraska Department of Roads, Civil Action File No.4:00CV3073 (D. Neb. May 6, 2002), aff’d 345 F.3d 964 (8th Cir. 2003)
Gross Seed Co. v. Nebraska
Sherbrooke Turf
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 69
7. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater, 228 F.3d 1147 (10th Cir. 2000) cert.granted then dismissed as improvidently granted sub nom. AdarandConstructors, Inc. v. Mineta, 532 U.S. 941, 534 U.S. 103 (2001)
Adarand
See Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater
see also
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 70
Id
Id
Id
Id
8. Geod Corporation v. New Jersey Transit Corporation, et. al., 746 F. Supp.2d642, 2010 WL 4193051 (D. N. J. October 19, 2010)
NJT
NJT’s
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 71
New Jersey Transit Program and Disparity Study
Id
Id
IdId Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 72
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id citing Geod v. N.J. Transit Corp
Id citing Northern Contracting, Inc. v. IllinoisDepartment of Transportation
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 73
Applying Northern Contracting v. Illinois
seeNorthern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois
Id quoting Northern ContractingGeod
Idciting Northern Contracting
Id quoting Northern Contractingciting also Tennessee Asphalt Co. v. Farris
Northern ContractingSherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota Department of
Transportation Id
Id citing Sherbrooke Turf
Id quoting Western States Paving Co., Inc. v. Washington State Department ofTransportation
citing South Florida Chapter of the Associated General Contractors v. Broward County
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 74
IdId
Id citingId
Id
Id citing Northern Contracting
Id
Id citingId
Id
Id
Id WesternStates Paving
Id quoting Western States Paving
Id
IdNorthern Contracting, Inc. v. Illinois
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 75
Western States Paving Co., Inc. v.Washington State DOT Id
Northern Contracting, Inc. v. IllinoisWestern States Paving Co. v. Washington State DOT IdWestern States Paving
Id quoting Western States Paving
ApplyingWestern States Paving
Western States Paving
Id citing Western States Paving
IdWestern States Paving
i.e. Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id citing Sherbrook Turf quoting Grutter v. Bollinger
Id
IdId
Idciting Western States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 76
Id citing Western States Paving
Western States Paving
Id citing WesternStates Paving
Id
Western States PavingId
9. Geod Corporation v. New Jersey Transit Corporation, et. seq. 678 F.Supp.2d276, 2009 WL 2595607 (D.N.J. August 20, 2009)
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 77
Id
Id
Western States Paving Company v.Washington State DOT
IdNorthern Contracting, Inc. v. State of Illinois
Id
Id
Western States PavingNorthern Contracting Western States Paving
Id
Id
Northern Contracting
Id citing Northern ContractingNorthern Contracting
Id
Id
Sherbrook Turf, Inc. v.Minnesota DOT
Sherbrook
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 78
Id citing Western States Paving Company
Id citing
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 79
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
10. South Florida Chapter of the Associated General Contractors v. BrowardCounty, Florida, 544 F. Supp.2d 1336 (S.D. Fla. 2008)
Western States Paving Company v. Washington State Department of Transportation
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 80
Id
citingNorthern Contracting v. Illinois
citing Western States PavingId
Ninth Circuit Approach:Western States
Western States PavingMilwaukee County Pavers Association v. Fiedler
Northern Contracting Broward CountyWestern States Paving
Western States Paving
Broward County WesternStates Paving
citing Western States Paving
Broward County
Western States Paving
Western StatesWestern States Paving
quoting Western States Paving
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v.Minnesota Department of Transportation
Western States Paving SherbrookeWestern States Paving
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 81
Seventh Circuit Approach:Milwaukee County and Northern Contracting
Broward CountyBroward County
Id
Milwaukee County Pavers Association v. FiedlerNorthern Contracting
quoting Milwaukee County Pavers
Milwaukee County Pavers Western States Paving
Milwaukee County PaversWestern States Paving Northern
Contracting Id Northern ContractingWestern States Paving Milwaukee County Pavers
Sherbrooke citing Northern Contracting
Northern Contracting
citing Northern Contracting
Broward CountyTennessee Asphalt Company v.
Farris Broward CountyEllis v. Skinner
Broward County
Broward CountyMilwaukee County Pavers Northern Contracting
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 82
Broward CountyId
11. Klaver Construction, Inc. v. Kansas DOT, 211 F. Supp.2d 1296 (D. Kan. 2002)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 83
F. Recent Decisions Involving State or Local Government MBE/WBEPrograms in Other Jurisdictions
Recent Decisions in Federal Circuit Courts of Appeal
1. H. B. Rowe Co., Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, NCDOT, et al., 615 F.3d 233 (4th Cir.2010)
Id
Id citing Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 84
Idquoting
Id
Id
Id quoting
Id
Id
Strict scrutiny.
Idquoting Alexander v. Estepp
Id., quoting Shaw v. Hunt
quoting CrosonWygant v. Jackson Board of Education
Crosonquoting Rothe Dev. Corp. v. Department of Defense,
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 85
citing Concrete Works
Id citing Croson
Id quotingMaryland Troopers Association, Inc. v. Evans
Id citing Concrete Works
Id
Idciting Concrete Works
citing Alexander citing Adarand
Intermediate scrutiny. Id
quotingMississippi University for Women v. Hogan,
Id
Id
i.e.
quoting Engineering ContractorsConcrete Works
Id quoting Hogan
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 86
Plaintiff’s burden.
Statistical evidence.
Id
IdId.
Croson
Id
IdId
quoting Eng’g Contractors
Id citing Eng’gContractors
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 88
IdId
Id
Id Concrete Works
Id citing Concrete WorksSherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minn. Department of Transportation
number
dollars
IdId
Id
Id Rothe II
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 89
Id citing Adarand v. Slater
Id
Anecdotal evidence.
Id.
IdId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 90
quotingConcrete Works
Id
IdId
Id
Strong basis in evidence that the minority participation goals were necessary to remedydiscrimination.
Id
Id
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 91
Narrowly tailored.
Neutral measures.
Id.
Id.
citing
Id
Duration.
Id
Program’s goals related to percentage of minority subcontractors.
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 92
Flexibility.
Id.Id
Id.
Burden on non MWBE/DBEs.
Id.
Overinclusive.
Id.
Id
Women owned businesses overutilized.
Id.
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 93
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Holding.
IdId
Concurring opinions.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 94
2. Jana Rock Construction, Inc. v. New York State Dept. of EconomicDevelopment, 438 F.3d 195 (2d Cir. 2006)
i.e.
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 95
Id
3. Rapid Test Prods., Inc. v. Durham Sch. Servs., Inc., 460 F.3d 859 (7th Cir.2006)
Rapid Test Products, Inc. v. Durham School Services Inc
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 96
4. Virdi v. DeKalb County School District, 135 Fed. Appx. 262, 2005 WL 138942(11th Cir. 2005) (unpublished opinion)
Virdi v. DeKalb County School District
Virdi
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 97
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id citing Grutter v.Bollinger Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
IdId
Id Id citing GrutterWalker v. City of Mesquite, TX
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 98
Id
Id
Id
Id
5. Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc. v. City and County of Denver, 321 F.3d 950(10th Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1027, 124 S. Ct. 556 (2003) (Scalia,Justice with whom the Chief Justice Rehnquist, joined, dissenting from thedenial of certiorari)
Concrete Works
Concrete Works
Case history.
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 99
Id
Id
IdId
Id IdId
Id Richmond v.J.A. Croson Co.
societal
Idquoting Shaw v. Hunt
Id
Id quoting Croson
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 100
Id quoting Miss. Univ. forWomen v. Hogan
The studies.
Id Id
Id
Id
IdId
,Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 101
Id
inter alia,
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 103
Id
Id
The legal framework applied by the court.
Id quoting Concrete Works II
Id.quoting Concrete Works II
Id.quoting Croson
Id., quoting AdarandVII
IdCroson.
Croson
Id quoting Croson
Id
Id citing Croson
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 104
Id
Id
Concrete Works II Croson.Id
and privateId quoting Concrete Works II,
Concrete Works II,Id
quoting Concrete Works II,
Id
Id
Id quoting Concrete WorksII,
Id
The Court’s rejection of CWC’s arguments and the district court findings
Use of marketplace data.
Id.
Id., citing Adarand VII
Croson
Shaw v. Hunt. Id Shaw,Croson
Id quoting Shaw Shaw
Id quoting Shaw
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 105
public or private, Id citing Shawquoting Croson,
Id.Shaw
Id
Adarand VII,
Id citing Adarand VII
any findingsCongress has made as to the entire construction industry are relevant.
Id quoting Concrete Works II,
private construction market in the Denver MSAId quoting Concrete Works II,
Concrete Works II,
Id
Id quoting Croson,
Adarand VII,
Id quoting Adarand VII
at the outset
existing
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 106
IdAdarand VII,
Id quoting Adarand VII
Adarand VII
Id quoting Adarand VII
supra,
Id
Adarand VII
Idquoting Adarand VII
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 107
Id
Variables.
Id.
because Id
Id
Idinter alia,
Id
Specialization.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 108
Id.
IdId
Id
Id
Utilization of MBE/WBEs on City projects.
Id
Concrete Works II,
Id quotingConcrete Works II
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 109
Id
Anecdotal evidence.
Id.
Id
Id quoting Concrete Works III
Id citing Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters v.United States,
Summary.
Id quoting ConcreteWorks II,
Id quoting Adarand VII,hypothesized
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 110
Narrow tailoring.
Id
Concrete Works II.
Croson’si.e.
Id citing Concrete WorksII,
6. Kornhass Construction, Inc. v. State of Oklahoma, Department of CentralServices, 140 F.Supp.2d 1232 (W.D. OK. 2001)
Id
Adarand Constructors, Inc.v. Slater Adarand VII
Id
citing Adarand VII
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 111
Compelling state interest. Adarand VII
Id.
Id.
Id.
Id
Id
Id citing Associated General Contractors of Ohio, Inc. v.Drabik City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
Id
Id Adarand VII
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 112
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Drabik
IdDrabik
Id
Id
Narrow tailoring.
Adarand VII
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 113
IdAdarand VII
Id citing Adarand VII
Adarand VII CrosonId
Id
all
Id citing Adarand VII
Id
Id
Id
IdAdarand VII
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 114
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Adarand VII
IdAdarand VII
Id
Idciting Adarand VII
Adarand VII
Id
Adarand VII
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 115
allId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
7. In re City of Memphis, 293 F.3d 345 (6th Cir. 2002)
8. Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. County of Cook, Chicago, 256 F.3d 642(7th Cir. 2001)
Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. County of Cook, Chicago
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 116
United States v. Virginia VMICook County
IdVMI
quoting VMIEngineering Contract Association of South Florida, Inc. v. Metropolitan
Dade County
Id
before
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 117
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
9. Associated Gen. Contractors v. Drabik, 214 F.3d 730 (6th Cir. 2000),affirming Case No. C2 98 943, 998 WL 812241 (S.D. Ohio 1998)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 118
Ritchie Produce
10. W.H. Scott Constr. Co. v. City of Jackson, 199 F.3d 206 (5th Cir. 1999)
11. Eng’g Contractors Ass’n of S. Florida v. Metro. Dade County, 122 F.3d 895(11th Cir. 1997)
Engineering Contractors Association of South Florida v. Metropolitan Engineering ContractorsAssociation
Engineering Contractors Association
IdId
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 119
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
1.
2.
3.
4.
Id
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 120
Id citing Croson
Id citing Ensley Branch, NAACP v. SeibelsCroson
Id
United States v. Virginia
Id
Id
Id
i.e.Id
Idmight Id
The statistical evidence.
Id
Id
Id
County contracting statistics.
Id
more
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 121
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id citing
Id citingConcrete Works v. City & County of Denver
Contractors Ass’n v. City of Philadelphia
IdId
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 123
IdId
Id
Id
i.e.Id
Id
Id Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
IdId
i.e.Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 124
Id
Id
County subcontracting statistics.
Id.
Id
IdId
Marketplace data statistics. Id
Id
Id
Id.
Id.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 125
Id
Id
Idquoting Croson quoting Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. United States
Id
supra Id
The Wainwright Study.
Id.
Id
Id.
Id
IdId
Id
CrosonId Croson
as well as both black and white career and entrepreneurial choices.Blacks may be disproportionately attracted to industries other than construction. Id quotingCroson Croson
Id quoting Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 126
Id
Id
Id
The Brimmer Study. Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Anecdotal evidence.
Id
Id
Id
IdId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 127
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id Crosonif supported by
appropriate statistical proofId quoting Croson
IdId
Id
i.e.
Id
Narrow tailoring. Id., quoting Hayes v. North Side Law
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 128
Enforcement Officers Ass’n citing Croson
Id citing Ensley BranchId
Id
Idciting Croson
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 129
Id
IdId
Croson
Id quoting Croson
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Substantial relationship.
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 130
Recent District Court Decisions
12. H.B. Rowe Corp., Inc. v. W. Lyndo Tippett, North Carolina DOT, et al., 589 F.Supp.2d 587 (E.D.N.C. 2008), affirmed in part, reversed in part, andremanded, 615 F.3d 233 (4th Cir. 2010)
H.B. Rowe Company v. Tippett, North Carolina Department of Transportation, et al Rowe
Rowe
Background.
IdId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 131
March 29, 2007 Order of the District Court.
Ex Parte Young
September 28, 2007 Order of the District Court.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 132
December 9, 2008 Order of the District Court (589 F.Supp.2d 587).
North Carolina’s MWBE program.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 133
IdId
Compelling interest.
Croson
citing Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 134
Narrowly tailored.
quoting Belk v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 135
See
13. Thomas v. City of Saint Paul, 526 F. Supp.2d 959 (D. Minn 2007), affirmed,321 Fed. Appx. 541, 2009 WL 777932 (8th Cir. March 26, 2009) (unpublishedopinion), cert. denied, 130 S.Ct. 408 (2009)
Thomas v. City of Saint Paul
IdId
IdId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 136
The VOP. Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Analysis and Order of the Court.
Id
Id
IdId
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Plaintiff’s claims.
IdId
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 137
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Thomas v. City ofSaint Paul
14. Thompson Building Wrecking Co. v. Augusta, Georgia, No. 1:07CV019, 2007WL 926153 (S.D. Ga. Mar. 14, 2007)(Slip. Op.)
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 138
Id
Croson Engineering ContractorsAssociation
Crosonciting Croson
Id
Id
e.g.
Id
Id
Id
Adarand
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 139
15. Hershell Gill Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Miami Dade County, 333 F.Supp.2d 1305 (S.D. Fla. 2004)
Hershell Gill Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Miami Dade CountyEngineering Contractors Association
Hershell Gill
Hershell Gill
Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc. v. City and County of DenverSee infra
Engineering Contractors Association
Engineering Contractors Association
Id
IdId
IdId
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 140
Id
IdId
IdGratz v.
Bollinger Grutter v. Bollinger Id
Gratz GrutterAdarand Croson Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 141
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Concrete Works ofColorado, Inc. v. City and County of Denver
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 142
Id
Id
Engineering Contractors AssociationId
Engineering Contractors AssociationId
Id
Id
Id
EngineeringContractors Association Id Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
Id citing GrutterId
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 143
Id
Id
Id
Id
Croson Adarand Engineering ContractorsAssociation Id
Croson Adarand Id
IdId
IdId
16. Florida A.G.C. Council, Inc. v. State of Florida, 303 F. Supp.2d 1307 (N.D. Fla.2004)
Engineering Contractors Association
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 144
et seq.
et seq.
Florida A.G.C. Councilquoting Eng’g Contractors Ass’n quoting Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 145
Florida A.G.C. Council
17. The Builders Ass’n of Greater Chicago v. The City of Chicago, 298 F. Supp.2d725 (N.D. Ill. 2003)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 146
Id
18. Associated Utility Contractors of Maryland, Inc. v. Mayor and City Council ofBaltimore, 218 F. Supp.2d 749 (D. Md. 2002)
Associated Utility Contractors of Maryland, Inc. v. Mayorand City Council of Baltimore
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 147
19. Associated Utility Contractors of Maryland, Inc. v. The Mayor and CityCouncil of Baltimore, 83 F. Supp.2d 613 (D. Md. 2000)
20. Webster v. Fulton County, 51 F. Supp.2d 1354 (N.D. Ga. 1999), a’ffd percuriam 218 F.3d 1267 (11th Cir. 2000)
Engineering Contractors Association
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 148
citing Engineering Contractors Association of S. Florida, Inc. v. Metro. EngineeringContractors Association
Id
Engineering Contractors AssociationId Engineering Contractors Association
Id
Id
Id citingEng’g Contractors Ass’n
Engineering Contractors Association
Id citing Eng’gContractors Assoc.
Id
Id City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 149
Id
IdId
IdId
Id
IdId
Id
Engineering ContractorsAssociation
Id quoting Eng’g Contractors Ass’nId
Id
IdId
Id citing Eng’g Contractors Assoc.
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 150
quoting Eng’g Contractors Ass’nId
Id
Id
Id
IdId
Id
Engineering Contractors Association Id
Id
Id
IdWebster v. Fulton County,
Georgia
21. Associated Gen. Contractors v. Drabik, 50 F. Supp.2d 741 (S.D. Ohio 1999)
F. BuddieContracting v. Cuyahoga Community College
Ritchey Produce
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 151
22. Phillips & Jordan, Inc. v. Watts, 13 F. Supp.2d 1308 (N.D. Fla. 1998)
Phillips & Jordan
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 152
G. Recent Decisions and Authorities Involving Federal ProcurementThat May Impact DBE and MBE/WBE Programs
1. Rothe Development Corp. v. U.S. Department of Defense, et al., 545 F.3d1023 (Fed. Cir. 2008)
Rothe
RotheDevelopment Corp. v. U.S. Dept. of Defense
Rothe,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 153
Concrete Works AdarandConstructors Sherbrooke Turf Western States Paving
2007 Order of the District Court (499 F.Supp.2d 775).
Rothe,
Id
Id
Sherbrooke Turf Western States Paving Concrete Works Adarand VIIRothe
Adarand VII Sherbrooke TurfWestern States Paving
The Compelling Interest
Rothe
Adarand VII Sherbrooke Turf Western States PavingId
Concrete Works IV
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 154
Id
Concrete Works IV
Id
Id
IdId
IdId
Id
Appendix
IdAppendix
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 155
Id quoting 61 Fed.Reg.
IdId
Id
Sherbrooke Turf Adarand VII Western StatesPaving Id
Appendix
Id
,
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Rothe IIIId quoting Rothe III
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 156
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
IdId
November 4, 2008 decision by the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals.
Strict scrutiny framework.
Croson
quoting Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 157
quoting Croson
Id
Id
Compelling interest – strong basis in evidence.
citing Rothe VI
Id
Six state and local disparity studies.
Croson
quoting CrosonW.H. Scott
Constr. Co. v. City of Jackson Croson
quoting W.H. Scott
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 158
Staleness. Rothe
WesternStates Paving v. Washington State Department of Transportation
Sherbrooke Turf, Inc. v. Minnesota Department of Transportation
RotheId
Before Congress.
quoting Rothe V
Id
Id
quotingDean v. City of Shreveport
Methodology.
i.e.
Rothe VI citing EngineeringContractors Association of South Florida, Inc. v. Metropolitan Dade County
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 159
Croson
Id
Id
quoting Engineering Contractors Association
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 160
Id
citing Engineering Contractors Association
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Geographic coverage.
Id
Id
Anecdotal evidence.
Croson
citing Croson
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 161
quoting Concrete Works
Crosonquoting W.H. Scott Constr. Co
Narrowly tailoring.
i.e.,
2. DynaLantic Corp. v. United States Dept. of Defense, et al., 885 F.Supp.2d237, 2012 WL 3356813 (D.D.C. Aug. 15, 2012), appeal pending, UnitedStates Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, Docket Number 125330
Id
Id
Id
DynaLantic Corp. v. United States Department of Defense
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 162
The Section 8(a) Program.
see
see also
see also DynaLantic Corp ,
Id quoting see also
Id see
See DynaLantic
See IdId
DynaLantic
DynaLantic, at 245; 13 C.F.R. 124.501(b).
Plaintiff's Business and the Simulation and Training Industry.
DynaLantic .
Compelling Interest.
DynaLantic, .Id
quoting Sherbrooke Turf v. Minn. DOT.,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 163
DynaLantic, quoting Sherbrooke
DynaLantic, quoting Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc. v. City and County ofDenver,
DynaLantic Rothe Dev. Corp. v. U.S. Dep't of Def. Rothe III
DynaLantic
DynaLantic
DynaLantic citing Western States Paving v. Washington State DOT
DynaLantic quoting City of Richmond v. J. A. CrosonCo., 488 U.S. 469, 492 (1995), and Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater,
DynaLantic, 252, quoting Adarand VII,
DynaLantic, citing Concrete Works IV,
Evidence before Congress.
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 164
IdAdarand VII
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Id
DynaLantic,
Id
State and Local Disparity Studies.
DynaLantic,
utilizedavailable DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
availability capacityDynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Croson O'Donnell Construction Co. v.District of Columbia, et al.,
DynaLantic,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 165
Analysis: Strong Basis in Evidence.
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic, citing
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Rejection of DynaLantic's Rebuttal Arguments.
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Croson
DynaLantic,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 166
DynaLantic, citing Concrete Work IV
prima facieId, citing Crowson,
Id. DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Id
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Facial Challenge: Conclusion
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,Id
Id
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 167
As Applied Challenge DynaLantic
DynaLantic,
Id.
DynaLantic,
Id
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Croson, O'DonnellConstruction Company, Croson's DynaLantic,
CrosonDynaLantic,
Croson's DynaLantic,citing Croson
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,citing Cortez III Service Corp. v. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
Cortez
DynaLantic,
Croson Adarand DynaLantic,
Croson, Adarand O'Donnell
DynaLantic,Croson
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 168
DynaLantic,
Id.
DynaLantic,
Narrowly Tailoring
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 169
Id
DynaLantic,
DynaLantic,
Id
Id.
Conclusion
DynaLantic DynaLantic,
Appeal Pending
3. DynaLantic Corp. v. United States Dept. of Defense, et al., 503 F. Supp.2d262 (D.D.C. 2007)
DynaLantic Corp.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 170
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Western States PavingId
Rothe
Id
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 171
4. “Federal Procurement After Adarand” (USCCR Report September, 2005)
AdarandAdarand
Adarand available atciting Adarand
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena,
Adarand
Scope and methodology of the Commission’s report.
Adarand
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 172
Findings and recommendations.
Adarand
Serious consideration [P. 71]
Finding:
Recommendation:
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 173
Antidiscrimination policy and enforcement [P. 72]
Finding:
Recommendation:
Finding:
Recommendation:
Finding:
Recommendation:
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 174
Ongoing review [P. 73]
Finding:
Recommendation:
Data and measurement [P. 73 75]
Finding:
Recommendation:
Finding:
Recommendation:
Finding:
Recommendation:e.g.,
Communication and collaboration [P. 75]
Finding:
Recommendation:
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX B, PAGE 175
Outreach [P. 76]
Finding:
Recommendation:
Conclusion
Adarand
i.e.
Rothe Development Corp. v. US DODreversed Rothe see
Rothedeleted
Rothe
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C, PAGE 1
APPENDIX C.Utilization Analysis Methodology
all
A. Collection of the Port’s Contract Data
Prime contract data collection.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C, PAGE 2
Subcontract data collection.
Surveys of professional services prime contractors.
2013 professional services invoice records.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C, PAGE 3
Methodology for construction related professional services contract data.
B. Collection of Vendor Information
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX C, PAGE 4
C. Collection of the Port’s Bid and Proposal Data
Construction contracts.
Professional services contracts.
D. Port Review
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 1
APPENDIX D.General Approach to Availability Analysis
A. General Approach to Collecting Availability Information
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 2
B. Development of the Business Establishments List
——
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXD,
PAGE
3
Figure
D1.
Constructio
nan
dconstructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
workspecializations
includ
edintheavailabilityan
alysis
Indu
stry
code
Indu
stry
descrip
tion
Indu
stry
code
Indu
stry
descrip
tion
Constructio
n
Excavatio
n,grad
ing,draina
ge,d
rillin
g,an
dde
molition
Water,sew
er,and
utility
lines
1611
0203
Grading
1623
0000
Water,sew
er,and
utility
lines
1629
0400
Land
prep
arationconstructio
n16
230200
Commun
icationlineandtransm
issiontower
constructio
n1629
9902
Earthm
ovingcontractor
1623
0203
Teleph
oneandcommun
icationlineconstructio
n1794
0000
Excavatio
nwork
1623
0300
Water
andsewer
lineconstructio
n17
949901
Excavatio
nandgrading,bu
ildingconstructio
n1623
0303
Water
mainconstructio
n1795
0000
Wreckingandde
molition
work
1623
9904
Pipe
lineconstructio
n,nsk
1795
9901
Concrete
breaking
forstreetsandhighways
1623
9906
Und
ergrou
ndutilitie
scon
tractor
1795
9902
Demolition
,buildings
andothe
rstructures
1731
0302
Fibe
ropticcableinstallatio
n17
990900
Buildingsiteprep
aration
1799
0901
Borin
gforb
uildingconstructio
nElectricalwork,lighting,an
dsig
nals
1799
9906
Core
drillingandcutting
1731
0000
Electricalwork
1731
0100
Electricpo
wer
system
scon
tractors
Constructio
n,sand
,and
gravel
1731
0103
Standb
yor
emergencypo
wer
specialization
1442
0000
Constructio
nsand
andgravel
1731
0200
Electron
iccontrolsinstallatio
n14
420201
Gravelmining
1731
9903
Gene
ralelectric
contractor
5211
0506
Sand
andgravel
1731
9904
Lightin
gcontractor
Paintin
g,strip
ing,an
dmarking
Trucking
andha
uling
1721
0200
Commercialpaintin
g4212
0000
Localtrucking,with
outstorage
1721
0300
Indu
stria
lpainting
4212
9905
Dumptruckhaulage
1721
0303
Pavemen
tmarking
contractor
4212
9908
Heavymachine
rytransport,local
4212
9912
Steelhauling,local
Heavyconstructio
neq
uipm
entren
tal
4213
9905
Heavymachine
rytransport
3531
9908
Road
constructio
nandmainten
ance
machine
ry7353
0000
Heavyconstructio
neq
uipm
entren
tal
Marineworkan
ddred
ging
7389
9909
Craneandaeria
llift
service
1629
0106
Dred
ging
contractor
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXD,
PAGE
4
Figure
D1.
Constructio
nan
dconstructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
workspecializations
includ
edintheavailabilityan
alysis(con
tinue
d)
Constructio
n(con
tinue
d)
Heavyconstructio
nHe
avyconstructio
n(con
tinue
d)1611
0000
Highway
andstreet
constructio
n1771
9902
Concrete
repair
1611
0200
Surfacingandpaving
1771
9904
Foun
datio
nandfootingcontractor
1611
0202
Concrete
constructio
n;roads,highways,sid
ewalks,etc.
1791
9902
Concrete
reinforcem
ent,placingof
1611
0204
Highway
andstreet
paving
contractor
1611
0205
Resurfacingcontractor
Land
scap
ingan
derosioncontrol
1611
0207
Gravelor
dirtroad
constructio
n0781
0200
Land
scapeservices
1611
9901
Gene
ralcon
tractor,highway
andstreet
constructio
n0782
9903
Land
scapecontractors
1611
9902
Highway
andstreet
mainten
ance
1622
0000
Bridge,tun
nel,andelevated
highway
constructio
nAsph
alta
ndconcrete
supp
ly1622
9901
Bridge
constructio
n2951
0000
Asph
altp
avingmixturesa
ndblocks
1622
9902
Highway
constructio
n,elevated
2951
0200
Paving
mixtures
1622
9903
Tunn
elconstructio
n2951
0201
Asph
alta
ndasph
altic
paving
mixtures
1622
9904
Viaductcon
struction
2951
0203
Concrete,asphaltic
1629
0105
Drainage
system
constructio
n3272
0000
Concrete
prod
ucts,nec
1629
9904
Piledrivingcontractor
3273
0000
Readymixed
concrete
1741
0100
Foun
datio
nandretainingwallcon
struction
3531
0401
Asph
altp
lant,including
gravel
mixtype
1741
0102
Retainingwallcon
struction
5032
0100
Paving
materials
1771
0000
Concrete
work
5211
0502
Cemen
t1771
0100
Stucco,gun
ite,and
grou
tingcontractors
5211
0503
Concrete
andcind
erblock
1771
0102
Grou
tingwork
1771
0103
Gunite
contractor
Fencing,guardrails,
barriers,and
signs
1771
0201
Curb
constructio
n16
110100
Highway
signs
andguardrails
1771
0202
Side
walkcontractor
1611
0101
Guardrailcon
struction,
highways
1771
0300
Drivew
ay,parking
lot,andblacktop
contractors
1611
0102
Highway
andstreet
signinstallatio
n1771
0301
Blacktop
(asphalt)
work
1799
9912
Fenceconstructio
n1771
0303
Parkinglotcon
struction
3993
0100
ElectricSigns
1771
9901
Concrete
pumping
3993
9907
Signs,no
tmadeincustom
paintin
gshop
s73
599912
Workzone
traffic
equipm
ent(flags,con
es,barrels,
etc.)
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXD,
PAGE
5
Figure
D1.
Constructio
nan
dconstructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
workspecializations
includ
edintheavailabilityan
alysis(con
tinue
d)
Constructio
n(con
tinue
d)
Other
constructio
nservices
Other
constructio
nsupp
lies
1542
0101
Commercialandofficebu
ildings,n
ewconstructio
n32
720300
Precastterrazo
orconcrete
prod
ucts
1542
0103
Commercialandofficebu
ildings,ren
ovationandrepair
3312
0405
Structuralshapes
andpilings,steel
1711
0000
Plum
bing,heatin
g,aircond
ition
ing
3449
0000
Misc
ellane
ousm
etalwork
1711
0401
Mechanicalcon
tractor
3449
0101
Bars,con
cretereinforcing:fabricated
steel
1731
0201
Compu
terized
controlinstallatio
n5039
9912
Soilerosioncontrol fabrics
1731
0300
Commun
ications
specialization
5051
0209
Form
s,concrete
constructio
n(steel)
1742
0000
Plasterin
g,dryw
all,andinsulatio
n50
630202
Cablecond
uit
1761
0000
Roofing,sid
ing,andsheetm
etalwork
5063
0504
Signalingeq
uipm
ent,electrical
1791
9907
Precastcon
cretestructuralfram
ingor
pane
ls,placingof
3441
0000
Fabricated
structuralmetal
1796
0000
Installingbu
ildingeq
uipm
ent
3441
9901
Buildingcompo
nents,structuralsteel
1799
0302
Servicestationeq
uipm
entinstallatio
n,maint.,andrepair
3699
0500
Securityde
vices
1799
0500
Exterio
rcleaning,includ
ingsand
blastin
g50
510214
Pipe
andtubing,steel
1799
0801
Absestorsrem
ovalanden
capsulation
5063
0205
Electricalconstructio
nmaterials
4959
0100
Road,airp
ort,andparkinglotm
ainten
ance
service
7699
2501
Elevators:Inspectio
n,service,andrepair
Traffic
controland
flaggingservices
7389
9921
Flagging
services
(trafficcontrol)
Structuralsteelerection
1791
0000
Structuralsteelerection
Railroa
dconstructio
n17
919905
Ironwork,structural
1629
0200
Railroadandsubw
ayconstructio
n
Constructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
Surveying
Environm
entalresearch,
consultin
gan
dtesting
7389
0800
Mapmakingservices
7389
0200
Inspectio
nandtestingservices
7389
0801
Mapmakingor
draftin
g,includ
ingaeria
l87
340300
Pollutio
ntesting
7389
0802
Photogrammetric
mapping
8734
0301
Hazardou
swaste
testing
8713
0000
Surveyingservices
8734
9909
Soilanalysis
8748
9905
Environm
entalcon
sulta
nt
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXD,
PAGE
6
Figure
D1.
Constructio
nan
dconstructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
workspecializations
includ
edintheavailabilityan
alysis(con
tinue
d)
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
g.
Constructio
nrelatedprofession
alservices
(con
tinue
d)
Engine
ering
Engine
ering(con
tinue
d)8711
0000
Engine
eringservices
8742
0410
Transportatio
nconsultant
8711
0400
Constructio
nandcivilengineerin
g8748
0204
Traffic
consultant
8711
0402
Civilengineerin
g8711
9901
Acou
sticalen
gine
ering
Other
profession
alservices
8711
9902
Aviatio
nand/or
aeronauticalen
gine
ering
0781
0201
Land
scapearchite
cts
8711
9903
Consultin
gen
gine
er87
330201
Archeo
logicalexped
ition
s8711
9905
Electricalor
electron
icen
gine
ering
8711
9908
Marineen
gine
ering
Constructio
nman
agem
ent
8712
0100
Archite
cturalen
gine
ering
8741
9902
Constructio
nmanagem
ent
8712
0101
Archite
cturalen
gine
ering
8742
0402
Constructio
nprojectm
anagem
entcon
sulta
nt
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 7
C. Development of the Survey Instrument
Survey structure
1. Identification of purpose.
2. Verification of correct business name.
3. Verification of work related to relevant projects.
4. Verification of for profit business status.
5. Confirmation of main lines of business.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 8
6. Sole location or multiple locations.
7. Past bids or work with government agencies and private sector organizations.
8. Qualifications and interest in future work.
9. Geographic areas.
10. Year established.
11. Largest contracts.
12. Ownership.
13. Business size.
14. Potential barriers in the marketplace.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 9
15. Contact information.
D. Execution of Surveys
Establishments that the study team successfully contacted.
Figure D 2.Disposition ofattempts to surveybusinessestablishments
Note:
CRI made up to five attempts tocomplete a survey with eachestablishment.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from2012 2014 availability surveys.
Non working or wrong phone numbers.
Working phone numbers.
Beginning list 8,859Less duplicate numbers 203Less non working phone numbers 1,759Less wrong number/business 418
Unique business listings with working phone numbers 6,479 100.0 %Less no answer 796 12.3Less could not reach responsible staff member 2,431 37.5Less language barrier 48 0.7Less unreturned fax/email 314 4.8
Establishments successfully contacted 2,890 44.6 %
Percent ofbusinessNumber of
establishments listings
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 10
Establishments included in the availability database.
Figure D 3.Disposition ofsuccessfullycontacted businessestablishments
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from2012 2014 availability surveys.
Establishments successfully contacted 2,890Less establishments not interested in discussing availability for 973local public agency work
Establishments that completed interviews about firm characteristics 1,917Less no relevant work 1,137Less not a for profit business 16Less line of work outside scope 32Less no past bid/award 44Less no interest in future work 21Less established after the study period (2013) 1Less multiple establishments 46
Establishments available for Port work 620
Number ofestablishments
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 11
Establishments not interested in discussing availability for Port work.
Establishments available for Port work.
Coding responses from multi location businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 12
E. Additional Considerations Related to Measuring Availability
Not providing a count of all businesses available for Port work.
Not basing the availability analysis on MBE/WBE or DBE directories,prequalification lists, or bidders lists.
.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 13
Using D&B lists as the sample frame.
Selection of specific subindustries.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 14
Non response bias.
Research sponsorship.
Work specializations.
Language barriers.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 16
Port of Seattle Disparity Study —Availability Survey Instrument [Construction]Hello. My name is [interviewer name] from Customer Research International. We arecalling on behalf of the Port of Seattle, which operates harbor facilities in the Seattle areaand the Seattle Tacoma International Airport.
This is not a sales call. The Port of Seattle is developing a list of companies involved inconstruction, maintenance, or design on a wide range of port and airport relatedprojects. Who can I speak with to get the information we need from your firm?
[After reaching an appropriately senior staff member, the interviewer should re introduce thepurpose of the survey and begin with questions]
[IF ASKED, THE INFORMATION DEVELOPED IN THESE INTERVIEWS WILL ADD TO THE PORT OFSEATTLE’S EXISTING DATA ON COMPANIES INTERESTED IN WORKING WITH THE PORT]
X1. I have a few basic questions about your company and the type of work you do. Can youconfirm that this is [firm name]?
SKIP TO A1
TERMINATE
Y1. Can you give me any information about [firm name]?
SKIP TO Y4
SKIP TO Y4
TERMINATE
TERMINATE
Y3. Can you give me the complete address or city for [firm name]? – SKIP TO Y5
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER RECORD IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:
. STREET ADDRESS
. CITY
. STATE
. ZIP
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 17
Y4. And what is the new name of the business that used to be [firm name]?
(ENTER UPDATED NAME)
Y5. Can you give me the name of the owner or manager of the new business?
(ENTER UPDATED NAME)
Y6. Can I have a telephone number for him/her?
(ENTER UPDATED PHONE)
Y7. Can you give me the complete address or city for [new firm name]?
Y8. Do you work for this new company?
TERMINATE
A1. First, I want to confirm that your firm does work or provides materials related toconstruction, maintenance, or design on transportation related projects. Is this correct?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER – includes any work related to construction, maintenance or design suchas building and parking facilities, paving and concrete, tunnels, bridges, roads, rail, and othertransportation related projects. it also includes trucking and hauling and any construction orengineering work for the Port of Seattle.)
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER includes having done work, trying to sell this work, or providingmaterials)
TERMINATE
A2. Let me confirm that [firm name / new firm name] is a business, as opposed to a nonprofit organization, a foundation, or a government office. Is that correct?
TERMINATE
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 18
A3. Next, we’re interested in the types of work that [firm name / new firm name]performs. Does your firm do work in the area of:
NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES CEMENT CONCRETECURB AND GUTTER; ASPHALT CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER; CEMENT CONCRETEPAVING; ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVING; CONCRETE RESTORATION; CONCRETE SAWING,CORING, AND GROOVING; CONCRETE SURFACE TREATMENT; PRODUCTION ANDPLACING OF CRUSHED MATERIALS; BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT; AND DRILLEDLARGE DIAMETER SLURRY SHAFTS]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES BRIDGES ANDSTRUCTURES; STEEL FABRICATION; BRIDGE DECK REPAIR; PILEDRIVING; AND DECKSEAL]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES CLEARING, GRUBBING,GRADING, AND DRAINING; DEMOLITION; TUNNELS AND SHAFT EXCAVATION; GROUNDMODIFICATION; ASBESTOS ABATEMENTS; DRILLING AND BLASTING; ANDWELLDRILLING]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES SEWER ANDWATERMAINS; ANDWATER DISTRIBUTION AND IRRIGATION]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES PAINTING; PAVEMENTMARKING (EXCLUDING PAINTING); SANDBLASTING AND STEAM CLEANING; PAINTSTRIPING; AND STRUCTURAL TILE CLEANING]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES CONCRETESTRUCTURES EXCEPT BRIDGES; RIPRAP AND ROCKWALLS; SIGNING; FENCING; PRECASTMEDIAN BARRIERS; WIRE MESH SLOPE PROTECTION; PERMENANT TIE BACK ANCHOR;GUARDRAIL; GABION AND GABION CONSTRUCTION; IMPACT ATTENUATORS; ANDSLURRY DIAPHRAGM AND CUT OFF WALLS]
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 19
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES ILLUMINATION ANDGENERAL ELECTRIC; TRAFFIC SIGNALS; ELECTRONICS FIBER OPTIC BASEDCOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS; AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS)]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES MATERIALSTRANSPORTING; HAZARDOUS WASTE REMOVAL; AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES PLUMBING, HVAC, ANDOTHER MECHANICAL WORK]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES EROSION CONTROL;LANDSCAPING; AND STREET CLEANING]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION AND REMODELING]
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THIS WORK AREA INCLUDES RAILROAD SUBGRADECONSTRUCTION; PLACING OF BALLAST, TIES, AND TRACK; AND OTHER RAILROADRELATEDWORK]
A4a. Let me also confirm what kind of business this is. The information we have from Dun& Bradstreet indicates that your main line of business is [SIC Code description]. Is thiscorrect?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER IF ASKED, DUN & BRADSTREET OR D&B, IS A COMPANY THATCOMPILES BUSINESS INFORMATION THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY)
SKIP TO A5
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 20
A4b. What would you say is the main line of business at [firm name / new firm name]?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT INDICATES THAT FIRM’S MAIN LINE OF BUSINESS IS“GENERAL CONSTRUCTION” OR GENERAL CONTRACTOR,” PROBE TO FIND OUT IF MAIN LINE OFBUSINESS IS CLOSER TO INDUSTRIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OR HIGHWAY AND ROADCONSTRUCTION.)
(ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSE)
A5. Is this the sole location for your business, or do you have offices in other locations?
A8. Is your company a subsidiary or affiliate of another firm?
SKIP TO B1
SKIP TO B1
SKIP TO B1
A9. What is the name of your parent company?
A9. ENTER NAME OF PARENT COMPANY
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 21
B1. Next, I have a few questions about your company’s role in transportation relatedconstruction, maintenance, or design. During the past five years, has your companysubmitted a bid or a price quote for any part of a contract for a state or local governmentagency in Washington?
SKIP TO B3
SKIP TO B3
SKIP TO B
B2. Were those bids or price quotes to work as a prime contractor, a subcontractor, atrucker/hauler, or as a supplier?
[MULTIPUNCH]
B3. During the past five years, has your company worked on any part of a contract for astate or local government agency inWashington?
SKIP TO B5
SKIP TO B5
B4. Did your company work on those contracts as a prime contractor, a subcontractor, atrucker/hauler, or as a supplier?
[MULTIPUNCH]
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 22
B5. During the past five years, has your company submitted a bid or a price quote for anypart of a contract for a private sector organization inWashington?
SKIP TO B7
SKIP TO B7
B6. Were those bids or price quotes to work as a prime contractor, a subcontractor, atrucker/hauler, or as a supplier?
[MULTIPUNCH]
B7. During the past five years, has your company worked on any part of a contract for aprivate sector organization in Washington?
SKIP TO B10
SKIP TO B10
SKIP TO B10
B8. Did your company work on those contracts as a prime contractor, a subcontractor, atrucker/hauler, or as a supplier?
[MULTIPUNCH]
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 23
B10. Is your company qualified and interested in working with the Port of Seattle as aprime contractor?
B12. Is your company qualified and interested in working with the Port of Seattle as asubcontractor, trucker/hauler, or supplier?
Now I want to ask you about the geographic areas your company serves withinWashington. As you answer, think about whether your company could be involved inpotential transportation related projects in that region.
C1a. Could your company do work in the Tacoma area?
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, TACOMA IS IN PIERCE COUNTY.]
C1c. Could your company do work in the Seattle and Everett areas?
[NOTE TO INTERVIEWER: IF ASKED, THE SEATTLE AND EVERETT AREAS INCLUDES KING ANDSNOHOMISH COUNTIES.]
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 24
D1. About what year was your firm established?
(RECORD FOUR DIGIT YEAR, e.g., '1977')
D2. In rough dollar terms, what was the largest transportation related contract orsubcontract your company won in Washington during the past five years?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER – IF ASKED, INCLUDES EITHER PRIVATE SECTOR OR PUBLIC SECTOR)
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER INCLUDES CONTRACTS NOT YET COMPLETE)
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER READ CATEGORIES IF NECESSARY)
D3. Was that the largest transportation related contract or subcontract that yourcompany bid on or submitted quotes for in Washington during the past five years?
SKIP TO E1
SKIP TO E1
SKIP TO E1
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 25
D4. What was the largest transportation related contract or subcontract that yourcompany bid on or submitted quotes for in Washington during the past five years?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER – IF ASKED, INCLUDES EITHER PRIVATE SECTOR OR PUBLIC SECTOR)
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER – READ CATEGORIES IF NECESSARY)
E1. My next questions are about the ownership of the business. A business is defined aswoman owned if more than half — that is, 51 percent or more— of the ownership andcontrol is by women. By this definition, is [firm name / new firm name] a woman ownedbusiness?
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 26
E2. A business is defined as minority owned if more than half — that is, 51 percent ormore— of the ownership and control is African American, Asian, Hispanic, NativeAmerican or another minority group. By this definition, is [firm name || new firm name] aminority owned business?
SKIP TO F1
SKIP TO F1
SPECIFY
E2. OTHER GROUP SPECIFY
E3. Would you say that the minority group ownership of your company is mostly AfricanAmerican, Asian Pacific American, Subcontinent Asian American, Hispanic American, orNative American?
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 27
E3. OTHER SPECIFY
F1. Dun & Bradstreet indicates that your company has about [number] employeesworking out of just your location. Is that an accurate estimate of your company’s averageemployees during the most recent three year period?
(NOTE TO INTERVIEWER INCLUDES EMPLOYEES WHOWORK AT THAT LOCATION AND THOSEWHOWORK FROM THAT LOCATION)
SKIP TO F3
SKIP TO F3
SKIP TO F3
F2. About howmany employees did you have working out of just your location, onaverage, during the most recent three year period?
(RECORD NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES)
F3. Dun & Bradstreet lists the average annual gross revenue of your company, justconsidering your location, to be [dollar amount]. Is that an accurate estimate for yourcompany’s average annual gross revenue during the most recent three year period?
SKIP TO F5
SKIP TO F5
SKIP TO F5
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 28
F4. Roughly, what was the average annual gross revenue of your company, justconsidering your location, during the most recent three year period?Would you say . . .(READ LIST)
F5. About howmany employees did you have, on average, for all of your locations duringthe most recent three year period? – ONLY ASK IF A5 = 2
F5. RECORD NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES – ONLY ASK IF A5 = 2
F6. Roughly, what was the average annual gross revenue of your company, for all of yourlocations during the most recent three year period? Would you say . . . (READ LIST) – ONLYASK IF A5 = 2
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 29
Finally, we're interested in whether your company has experienced barriers ordifficulties associated with starting or expanding a business in your industry or withobtaining work. Think about your experiences in the Seattle Metropolitan area within thepast five years as we ask you these questions.
G1a. Has your company experienced any difficulties in obtaining lines of credit or loans?
G1b. Has your company obtained or tried to obtain a bond for a project?
SKIP TO G1d
SKIP TO G1d
SKIP TO G1
G1c. Has your company experienced any difficulties obtaining bonds needed for aproject?
G1d. Have any insurance requirements on projects presented a barrier to bidding?
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 30
G1e. Has the size of projects presented a barrier to bidding?
G1f. Has your company experienced any difficulties learning about bid opportunities withthe Port of Seattle?
G1h. Has your company experienced any difficulties with learning about bidopportunities in the private sector in the Seattle Metropolitan area?
G1i. Has your company experienced any difficulties learning about subcontractingopportunities in the Seattle Metropolitan area?
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 31
G1j. Has your company experienced any difficulties receiving payment in a timelymanner?
G2. Finally, we're asking for general insights on starting and expanding a business in yourindustry or winning work in the Seattle Metropolitan area. Do you have any thoughts tooffer on these topics?
G3. Would you be willing to participate in a follow up interview about any of these issues?
H1. Just a few last questions. What is your name?
(RECORD FULL NAME)
H2. What is your position at [firm name / new firm name]?
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX D, PAGE 32
H2. OTHER SPECIFY
H3. For purposes of receiving information from the Port of Seattle, is your mailingaddress [firm address]:
SKIP TO H5
H4. What mailing address should they use to get any materials to you?
H5. What fax number could the Port of Seattle use to fax any materials to you?
H6. What e mail address could the Port of Seattle use to get any materials to you?
H6. (RECORD EMAIL ADDRESS) (VERIFY ADDRESS LETTER BY LETTER: EXAMPLE:'John@CRI RESEARCH.COM' SHOULD BE VERIFIED AS: J O H N at C R I hyphen R E S E AR C H dot com)
Thank you very much for your participation. If you have any questions, please contactMian Rice at Port of Seattle at 206 787 7951 or via email at [email protected].
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 1
APPENDIX E.Entry and Advancement in the SeattleMetropolitan Area Construction andEngineering Industries
Construction Industry
Education.
Race/ethnicity.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 2
Gender.
Apprenticeship and training.
Employment.
areer Guide to Industries.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 3
Figure E 1.Demographics of workers in construction and all industries, 1980, 2000, and 2009 2011
Note: ** Denotes that the difference in proportions between workers in the construction industry and all industries for the given Census/ACS
year is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from 1980 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% sample and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Microdata samples. The raw dataextracts were obtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicityBlack American 4.0 % 5.0 % 5.8 % 2.2% ** 2.9 % ** 3.1 % **Asian Pacific American 3.5 8.5 11.7 0.9 ** 2.8 ** 4.1 **Subcontinent Asian American 0.1 0.7 1.7 0.1 ** 0.1 0.2 **Hispanic American 2.0 4.8 7.9 1.6 6.3 ** 13.3 **Native American 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 2.1Other minority group 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2Total minority 10.7 % 21.5 % 29.2 % 6.1 % 14.5 % 23.0 %
Non Hispanic white 89.3 78.5 70.8 93.9 ** 85.5 ** 77.0 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
GenderFemale 41.7 % 45.7 % 46.2 % 8.3 % ** 12.8 % ** 11.8 % **Male 58.3 54.3 53.8 91.7 ** 87.2 ** 88.2 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Washington
Race/ethnicityBlack American 2.5 % 3.4 % 4.0 % 1.4% ** 1.8 % ** 2.0 % **Asian Pacific American 2.4 5.9 8.0 0.5 ** 1.9 ** 2.7 **Subcontinent Asian American 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 **Hispanic American 2.7 6.4 9.9 2.0 ** 5.7 11.0Native American 1.3 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.5Other minority group 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.3Total minority 9.0 % 19.0 % 25.3 % 5.7 % 12.6 % 18.7 %
Non Hispanic white 91.0 81.0 74.7 94.3 ** 87.4 ** 81.3 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
GenderFemale 40.8 % 45.8 % 46.3 % 8.7 % ** 11.8 % ** 11.7 % **Male 59.2 54.2 53.7 91.3 ** 88.2 ** 88.3 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
United States
Race/ethnicityBlack American 10.1 % 10.9 % 11.9 % 7.4 % ** 6.2 % ** 6.0 % **Asian Pacific American 1.4 3.4 4.3 0.6 ** 1.2 ** 1.6 **Subcontinent Asian American 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.1 ** 0.2 ** 0.3 **Hispanic American 5.7 10.7 15.4 5.9 ** 15.0 ** 23.8 **Native American 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.9 ** 1.6 ** 1.3 **Other minority group 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2Total minority 18.1 % 27.3 % 34.1 % 14.9 % 24.5 % 33.2 %
Non Hispanic white 81.9 72.7 65.9 85.1 ** 75.5 ** 66.8 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
GenderFemale 42.2 % 46.5 % 47.2 % 0.8 % ** 9.9 % ** 9.0 % **Male 57.8 53.5 52.8 92.1 ** 90.1 ** 91.0 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 92.9 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
All industries Construction
All industries Construction
2009 111980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000(n=6,938)(n= 99,341) (n=7,147) (n=10,598)(n=148,859) (n=102,372)
1980(n=5,287,471)
2000(n=6,832,970)
2009 11(n=1,521,561)
1980(n=330,464) (n=480,280) (n=98,508)
2000 2009 11
All industries Construction1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=3,423)(n= 53,471) (n=74,555) (n=53,463) (n=3,441) (n=5,076)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 4
Race/ethnicity.
Gender.
Politics & Society
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 5
Academic research concerning the affect of race and gender based discrimination.
Importance of unions to entry in the construction industry.
Journal of Career Development
Feminist Economics
Politics & Society
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 6
Ibid
Ibid
UnitedSteelworkers of America v. Weber Taylor v. United States Department of Labor
Social Problems
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 7
Education& Training,
International Journal of Manpower
Journalof Labor Research, 57(1).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 8
Advancement.
Racial/ethnic composition of construction occupations.
BBC
FiguMinSea
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure E 2.norities as a pattle Metropo
e: ** Denotes thatstatistically sign
Crane and toweoperators; and
ce: BBC Research &the IPUMS prog
CONSULTING—F
percentage ofolitan Area, 20
t the difference in prnificant at the 95% co
er operators; dredge,miscellaneous const
& Consulting from 20gram of the MN Popu
INAL REPORT
selected cons000
roportions betweenonfidence level.
, excavating and loadruction equipment o
000 U.S. Census 5% saulation Center: http:/
struction occu
all workers in the co
ding machine and draoperators were comb
ample Public Use Mi//usa.ipums.org/usa
upations in th
nstruction industry a
agline operators; pavbined into the single
cro sample data. Thea/.
he
and those in specific
ving, surfacing and tcategory of equipme
e raw data extract w
APPENDIX E, PA
occupations is
amping equipmentent operators.
was obtained through
AGE 9
h
BBC
FiguMinAre
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure E 3.norities as a pea, 2009 2011
e: ** Denotes thatstatistically sign
Crane and toweoperators; and
ce: BBC Research &program of the
CONSULTING—F
percentage of1
t the difference in prnificant at the 95% co
er operators; dredge,miscellaneous const
& Consulting from 20MN Population Cent
INAL REPORT
selected cons
roportions betweenonfidence level.
, excavating and loadruction equipment o
009 2011 American Cter: http://usa.ipums
struction occu
all workers in the co
ding machine and draoperators were comb
Community Survey das.org/usa/.
upations in th
nstruction industry a
agline operators; pavbined into the single
ata. The raw data ext
A
he Seattle Met
and those in specific
ving, surfacing and tcategory of equipme
tract was obtained t
APPENDIX E, PAG
tropolitan
occupations is
amping equipmentent operators.
hrough the IPUMS
GE 10
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 11
Gender composition of construction occupations.
BBC
FiguWoMe
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure E 4.omen as a peretropolitan Ar
e: ** Denotes thatstatistically sign
Crane and toweoperators; and
ce: BBC Research &the IPUMS prog
CONSULTING—F
centage of coea, 2000
t the difference in prnificant at the 95% co
er operators; dredge,miscellaneous const
& Consulting from 20gram of the MN Popu
INAL REPORT
onstruction wo
roportions between aonfidence level.
, excavating and loadruction equipment o
000 U.S. Census 5% saulation Center: http:/
orkers in selec
all workers in the co
ding machine and draoperators were comb
ample Public Use Mi//usa.ipums.org/usa
cted occupati
nstruction industry a
agline operators; pavbined into the single
cro sample data. Thea/.
A
ions in the Se
and those in specific
ving, surfacing and tacategory of equipme
e raw data extract w
APPENDIX E, PAG
attle
occupations is
amping equipmentent operators.
was obtained through
GE 12
h
BBC
FiguWoMe
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure E 5.omen as a peretropolitan Ar
e: ** Denotes thatstatistically sign
Crane and toweoperators; and
ce: BBC Research &program of the
CONSULTING—F
centage of coea, 2009 2011
t the difference in prnificant at the 95% co
er operators; dredge,miscellaneous const
& Consulting from 20MN Population Cent
INAL REPORT
onstruction wo1
roportions between aonfidence level.
, excavating and loadruction equipment o
009 2011 American Cter: http://usa.ipums
orkers in selec
all workers in the co
ding machine and draoperators were comb
Community Survey das.org/usa/.
cted occupati
nstruction industry a
agline operators; pavbined into the single
ata. The raw data ext
A
ions in the Se
and those in specific
ving, surfacing and tcategory of equipme
tract was obtained t
APPENDIX E, PAG
attle
occupations is
amping equipmentent operators.
hrough the IPUMS
GE 13
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 14
Percentage of minorities and women who are managers.
Racial/ethnic composition of managers.
Gender composition of managers.
Engineering Industry
Education.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 15
Figure E 6.Percentage of constructionworkers who worked as amanager, 1980, 2000, and2009 2011
Note:
** Denotes that the difference inproportions between the minoritygroup and non Hispanic whites (orbetween females and males) for thegiven Census/ACS year is statisticallysignificant at the 95% confidence level.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from the2000 U.S. Census 5% sample and 20092011 ACS Public Use Microdatasamples. The raw data extracts wereobtained through the IPUMS programof the MN Population Center:http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Social Problems
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicityBlack American 5.3 % 1.9 % ** 6.5 %Asian Pacific American 3.2 6.0 7.1Subcontinent Asian American 0.0 0.0 0.0Hispanic American 5.6 1.2 ** 2.2 **Native American 2.6 7.5 8.5Other minority group 0.0 8.8 0.0Non Hispanic white 5.6 10.3 11.2
GenderFemale 7.4 % 5.4 % ** 6.0 % **Male 5.4 9.8 10.1All individuals 5.5 % 9.3 % 9.6 %
Washington
Race/ethnicityBlack American 5.0 % 1.9 % ** 5.3 %Asian Pacific American 2.6 5.5 5.6 **Subcontinent Asian American 0.0 0.0 0.0Hispanic American 2.8 1.9 ** 1.9 **Native American 1.9 ** 4.3 5.1 **Other minority group 0.0 8.4 0.0Non Hispanic white 5.2 9.2 10.3
GenderFemale 6.4 % 4.7 % ** 5.2 % **Male 4.9 8.9 9.5All individuals 10.1 % 8.4 % 9.0 %
United States
Race/ethnicityBlack American 1.5 % ** 3.1 % ** 4.2 % **Asian Pacific American 4.2 7.7 7.4 **Subcontinent Asian American 5.7 11.7 8.1Hispanic American 2.0 ** 2.5 ** 2.7 **Native American 2.5 ** 4.6 ** 5.7 **Other minority group 4.8 6.2 5.2Non Hispanic white 4.9 7.5 8.7
GenderFemale 5.7 % ** 4.1 % ** 5.0 % **Male 4.4 6.7 7.1All individuals 4.5 % 6.5 % 6.9 %
1980 2000 2009 2011
1980 2000 2009 2011
1980 2000 2009 2011
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 16
Figure E 7.Percentage of all workers 25 andolder with at least a four yeardegree, 2000 and 2009 2011
Note:
** Denotes that the difference in proportionsbetween the minority and non Hispanic whitegroups (or female and male gender groups) for thegiven Census/ACS year is statistically significant atthe 95% confidence level.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2000 U.S. Census5% sample and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Microsample data. The raw data extracts were obtainedthrough the IPUMS program of the MN PopulationCenter: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicityBlack American 24.1 % ** 25.4 % **Asian Pacific American 41.4 44.9Subcontinent Asian American 65.5 ** 77.6 **Hispanic American 19.6 ** 19.0 **Native American 21.9 ** 25.7 **Other minority group 30.9 36.6Non Hispanic white 39.0 43.0
GenderFemale 36.7 % ** 41.4 % **Male 38.2 40.3
Washington
Race/ethnicityBlack American 24.5 % ** 26.2 % **Asian Pacific American 39.7 ** 42.9 **Subcontinent Asian American 64.7 ** 76.4 **Hispanic American 12.8 ** 13.7 **Native American 17.7 ** 21.1 **Other minority group 27.2 33.4Non Hispanic white 33.7 36.9
GenderFemale 31.7 % ** 35.7 % **Male 32.8 34.5
United States
Race/ethnicityBlack American 19.1 % ** 23.1 % **Asian Pacific American 45.4 ** 48.9 **Subcontinent Asian American 68.4 ** 74.2 **Hispanic American 13.4 ** 15.5 **Native American 17.3 ** 20.6 **Other minority group 30.0 ** 37.2Non Hispanic white 32.5 36.9
GenderFemale 29.3 % ** 34.2 % **Male 30.2 31.9
2000 2009 2011
2000 2009 2011
2000 2009 2011
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 17
Race/ethnicity.
—
Gender.
Additional indices of educational attainment.
Reading.
Mathematics.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 18
College readiness.
College participation.
Engineering related degrees.
Engineering Industry Employment.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 19
Figure E 8.Demographic distribution of engineering related workers and workers 25 and olderwith a four year college degree in all industries, 1980, 2000, and 2009 2011
Note: ** Denotes that the difference in proportions between engineers and workers in all industry groups for the given Census/ACS year is
statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.
The engineering–related industry in 2000 and 2009 2011 is “architectural, engineering, and related services,” and in 1980 is “engineering,architectural and surveying services.” Though closely related, the groups are not exactly comparable.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from 1980 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% sample and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Micro sample data. The raw dataextracts were obtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicity
# Black American 2.0 % 3.1 % 3.4 % 1.0 % ** 1.6 % 1.2 % **
# Asian Pacific American 4.9 9.2 12.9 6.9 9.8 9.7 **
# Subcontinent Asian American 0.2 1.2 3.4 0.2 1.1 1.0 **
# Hispanic American 1.2 2.2 3.4 1.0 2.5 4.6
# Native American 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.7
# Other minority group 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3
Total minority 8.8 % 17.2 % 24.4 % 10.0 % 16.0 % 17.5 %
# Non Hispanic white 91.2 82.8 75.6 90.0 84.0 82.5 **
7 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender
8 Female 33.7 % 44.3 % 46.4 % 21.4 % ** 31.7 %** 32.6 % **
9 Male 66.3 55.7 53.6 78.6 ** 68.3 ** 67.4 **
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Washington
Race/ethnicity
# Black American 1.5 % 2.4 % 2.8 % 0.9 % 1.1 %** 1.3 % **
# Asian Pacific American 3.6 7.1 9.9 5.6 ** 7.1 7.4 **
# Subcontinent Asian American 0.2 1.0 2.4 0.1 1.0 0.9 **
# Hispanic American 1.2 2.2 3.5 1.1 2.7 4.2
# Native American 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.5
# Other minority group 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3
Total minority 7.1 % 14.4 % 20.0 % 9.3 % 13.4 % 15.7 %
# Non Hispanic white 92.9 85.6 80.0 90.7 ** 86.6 84.3 **
7 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender
8 Female 33.0 % 44.5 % 46.6 % 20.8 % ** 28.5 %** 29.4 % **
9 Male 67.0 55.5 53.4 79.2 ** 71.5 ** 70.6 **
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
United States
Race/ethnicity# Black American 5.3 % 6.8 % 8.1 % 3.1 % ** 4.2 %** 4.7 % **# Asian Pacific American 2.7 5.2 6.6 2.8 4.6 ** 6.0 **# Subcontinent Asian American 0.6 1.7 2.7 1.1 ** 1.3 ** 1.8 **# Hispanic American 2.5 4.4 6.9 3.5 ** 5.5 ** 7.6 **# Native American 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 ** 0.7 0.8# Other minority group 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2
Total minority 11.4 % 19.1 % 25.2 % 10.9 % 16.7 % 21.3 %
# Non Hispanic white 88.6 80.9 74.8 88.9 83.3 ** 78.7 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.8 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender8 Female 34.7 % 45.6 % 48.8 % 21.1 % ** 26.0 %** 27.1 % **9 Male 65.3 54.4 51.2 78.9 ** 74.0 ** 72.9 **
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
(n=1,306)
Workers 25+ with college degree Engineering industry workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=18,139) (n=38,976) (n=32,701) (n=744) (n=1,745)
(n=15,919)
Workers 25+ with college degree Engineering industry workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=858,511) (n=1,631,919) (n=452,049) (n=28,869) (n=58,221)
Workers 25+ with college degree Engineering industry workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=741)(n=11,042) (n=23,656) (n=20,211) (n=481) (n=994)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 20
Race/ethnicity.
Gender.
Civil Engineering Employment.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING—FINAL REPORT APPENDIX E, PAGE 21
Figure E 9.Demographics of civil engineers and workers 25 and older with a college degree,1980, 2000, and 2009 2011
Note: ** Denotes that the difference in proportions between civil engineers and workers 25+ with a college degree for the given Census/ACSyear is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from the 1980 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% sample s and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Micro sample data. The rawdata extracts were obtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicity# Black American 2.0 % 3.1 % 3.4 % 1.4 % 3.2 % 3.5 %# Asian Pacific American 4.9 9.2 12.9 5.8 14.1 13.2# Subcontinent Asian American 0.2 1.2 3.4 0.7 1.1 3.0# Hispanic American 1.2 2.2 3.4 1.4 2.5 6.2# Native American 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.6 2.3# Other minority group 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0
Total minority 8.8 % 17.2 % 24.4 % 9.4 % 22.1 % 28.3 %
# Non Hispanic white 91.2 82.8 75.6 90.6 77.9 71.77 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender8 Female 33.7 % 44.3 % 46.4 % 4.3 % ** 18.1 % ** 17.5 % **9 Male 66.3 55.7 53.6 95.7 ** 81.9 ** 82.5 **
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Washington
Race/ethnicity
# Black American 1.5 % 2.4 % 2.8 % 0.7 % 2.3 % 2.4 %
# Asian Pacific American 3.6 7.1 9.9 4.5 9.4 9.9
# Subcontinent Asian American 0.2 1.0 2.4 0.7 0.8 2.2
# Hispanic American 1.2 2.2 3.5 0.7 3.2 5.9 **
# Native American 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 2.6# Other minority group 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0
Total minority 7.1 % 14.4 % 20.0 % 7.9 % 17.4 % 23.1 %
# Non Hispanic white 92.9 85.6 80.0 92.1 82.6 76.97 Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender8 Female 33.0 % 44.5 % 46.6 % 4.5 % ** 14.4 % ** 15.7 % **9 Male 67.0 55.5 53.4 95.5 ** 85.6 ** 84.3 **
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
United States
Race/ethnicity
# Black American 5.3 % 6.8 % 8.1 % 2.5 % ** 3.7 % ** 4.4 % **
# Asian Pacific American 2.7 5.2 6.6 4.0 ** 6.2 ** 8.6 **
# Subcontinent Asian American 0.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 ** 2.6 ** 3.1
# Hispanic American 2.5 4.4 6.9 2.9 ** 4.4 6.0
# Native American 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.8
# Other minority group 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 ** 0.4 0.7 **Total minority 11.4 % 19.1 % 25.2 % 11.8 % 18.2 % 23.7 %
# Non Hispanic white 88.6 80.9 74.8 88.2 81.8 76.3Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Gender
8 Female 34.7 % 45.6 % 48.8 % 3.0 % ** 10.3 % ** 13.5 % **
9 Male 65.3 54.4 51.2 97.0 ** 89.7 ** 86.5 **Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
(n=3,295)(n=858,511) (n=1,631,919) (n=452,049) (n=10,088) (n=12,912)
Workers 25+ with college degree Civil engineering workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
Workers 25+ with college degree Civil engineering workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=358)(n=18,139) (n=38,976) (n=32,701) (n=267) (n=437)
Workers 25+ with college degree Civil engineering workforce1980 2000 2009 11 1980 2000 2009 11
(n=204)(n=11,042) (n=23,656) (n=20,211) (n=139) (n=253)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 1
APPENDIX F.Business Ownership in the SeattleMetropolitan Area Construction andEngineering Industries
Business Ownership Rates
Construction industry.
Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship.Ethnic and Racial Self Employment Differences and Possible
Explanations. Whyare Black Owned Businesses Less Successful than White Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances and BusinessHuman Capital. Race, Familiesand Business Success: A Comparison of African American , Asian , and White Owned Businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 2
Figure F 1.Percentage of workers in the construction industry who were self employed,1990, 2000, and 2009 2011
Note: Other race minority includes Subcontinent Asian Americans.
*, ** Denotes that the difference in proportions between the minority and non Hispanic white groups (or female and male groups) forthe given Census/ACS year is statistically significant at the 90% or 95% confidence level, respectively.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% sample and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Microdata samples. The rawdata extract was obtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicity
Black American 5.8 % ** 8.1 % ** 15.6 % 79 128 76
Asian Pacific American 18.3 21.5 22.6 66 143 131
Hispanic American 9.1 ** 8.9 ** 12.0 ** 79 322 359
Native American 6.6 ** 16.9 10.8 ** 80 115 67
Other race minority 0.0 4.3 ** 26.8 6 37 13
Non Hispanic white 18.0 21.0 21.5 3,711 4,332 2,777
Gender
Female 14.9 % 12.4 % ** 13.9 % ** 483 651 430
Male 17.6 20.7 20.7 3,538 4,426 2,993
All individuals 17.3 % 19.7 % 19.9 % 4,021 5,077 3,423
Washington
Race/ethnicity
Black American 5.8 % ** 7.8 % ** 13.9 % * 97 157 102
Asian Pacific American 17.3 21.4 21.1 88 188 170
Hispanic American 7.0 ** 9.1 ** 13.3 ** 163 566 570
Native American 8.8 ** 12.9 ** 8.3 ** 179 366 195
Other race minority 0.0 11.9 30.8 9 66 24
Non Hispanic white 18.9 22.6 21.8 7,260 9,261 5,877
Gender
Female 16.6 % 16.1 % ** 15.9 % ** 883 1,228 850
Male 18.4 22.0 21.0 6,913 9,376 6,088
All individuals 18.2 % 21.3 % 20.4 % 7,796 10,604 6,938
United States
Race/ethnicity
Black American 10.5 % ** 15.2 % ** 18.9 % ** 25,166 26,752 4,847
Asian Pacific American 14.5 ** 21.3 ** 25.0 * 3,889 5,297 1,488
Hispanic American 11.1 ** 12.2 ** 17.4 ** 36,411 66,531 18,084
Native American 12.6 ** 19.2 ** 18.0 ** 4,397 8,089 1,580
Other race minority 11.3 ** 22.2 * 24.7 844 2,648 416
Non Hispanic white 21.0 25.4 27.5 339,345 371,152 72,093
Gender
Female 13.5 % ** 16.8 % ** 16.4 % ** 39,376 46,791 9,567
Male 19.7 23.3 25.2 370,676 433,678 88,941
All individuals 19.1 % 22.6 % 24.4 % 410,052 480,469 98,508
1990 2000 2009 2011200019902009 2011Sample sizeSelf Employment Rate
1990 2000 1990 2000 2009 20112009 2011Sample sizeSelf Employment Rate
Sample size1990 2000 2009 2011 1990 2000 2009 2011
Self Employment Rate
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 3
Business ownership rates in 2000.
Changes in business ownership rates since 2000.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 4
Engineering industry.
Figure F 2.Percentage of workers in the engineering industry who were self employed,1990, 2000, and 2009 2011
Note: Other race minority includes Black Americans, Subcontinent Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans and other minorities.
*, ** Denotes that the difference in proportions between the minority and non Hispanic white groups (or female and male groups) for thegiven Census/ACS year is statistically significant at the 90% or 95% confidence level, respectively.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census 5% sample and 2009 2011 ACS Public Use Microdata samples. The raw dataextract was obtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Seattle Metropolitan Area
Race/ethnicity
Asian Pacific American 10.6 6.1 10.7 30 93 82
Other race minority 18.4 7.4 9.9 27 61 46
Non Hispanic white 14.7 13.8 17.6 487 840 613
Gender
Female 7.6 % ** 6.6 % ** 10.3 % ** 152 322 249
Male 17.4 15.5 19.3 392 672 492
All individuals 14.7 % 12.7 % 16.4 % 544 994 741
Washington
Race/ethnicity
Asian Pacific American 9.8 5.9 * 9.4 33 117 109
Other race minority 20.1 6.9 7.3 ** 39 108 96
Non Hispanic white 13.8 13.8 13.5 728 1,520 1,155
Gender
Female 6.6 % ** 7.0 % ** 8.7 % ** 208 497 412
Male 16.5 15.1 14.4 592 1,248 948
All individuals 13.9 % 12.8 % 12.7 % 800 1,745 1,360
United States
Race/ethnicity
Asian Pacific American 10.0 ** 8.5 ** 8.3 ** 1,249 2,620 876
Other race minority 9.9 ** 7.6 ** 7.2 ** 2,846 6,781 2,084
Non Hispanic white 15.8 14.2 13.2 28,944 48,823 13,510
Gender
Female 6.8 % ** 7.5 % ** 7.1 % ** 7,901 15,191 4,369
Male 17.7 15.1 13.8 25,138 43,033 12,101
All individuals 15.1 % 13.2 % 12.1 % 33,039 58,224 16,470
1990 2000 2009 2011 2009 20111990 2000Sample sizeSelf Employment Rate
1990 2000 2009 2011 1990 2000Sample size
2009 2011Self Employment Rate
Sample size1990 2000 2009 2011 1990 2000 2009 2011
Self Employment Rate
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 5
Business ownership rates in 2000.
Changes in business ownership rates since 2000.
Potential causes of differences in business ownership rates.
Hispanic Self Employment: A Dynamic Analysis of Business Ownership.
Race, Families and Business Success: A Comparison of African American , Asian , and White Owned Businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 6
Business Ownership Regression Analysis
Hispanic Self Employment: A Dynamic Analysis of Business Ownership.
Ethnic and Racial Self Employment Differences and Possible Explanations.Ethnicity and
Entrepreneurship in America: Toward an Explanation of Racial and Ethnic Group Variations in Self Employment.
Race, Families and Business Success: A Comparison of African American ,Asian , and White Owned Businesses. Why are BlackOwned Businesses Less Successful than White Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances and Business Human Capital.
Ethnic and Racial Self Employment Differences and Possible Explanations.Ethnicity and
Entrepreneurship in America: Toward an Explanation of Racial and Ethnic Group Variations in Self Employment.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 7
—
—
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Availability Study
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Availability Study
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 8
Construction industry.
Construction industry in 2000.
Simulations of business ownership rates.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 9
Figure F 3.Seattle Metropolitan Areaconstruction industry businessownership model, 2000
Note:
Other race minority includes Subcontinent AsianAmericans.
*,** Denote statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence levels, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2000 Census data. Theraw data extract was obtained through the IPUMS programof the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
—
Variable
Constant 3.0748 **
Age 0.0553 **
Age squared 0.0003 *
Married 0.0158
Disabled 0.0589
Number of children in household 0.0766 **
Number of people over 65 in household 0.1527 *
Owns home 0.1321
Home value ($000s) 0.0014 **
Monthly mortgage payment ($000s) 0.0086
Interest and dividend income ($000s) 0.0049 **
Income of spouse or partner ($000s) 0.0012
Speaks English well 0.3960 **
Less than high school education 0.1041
Some college 0.0511
Four year degree 0.1696 **
Advanced degree 0.0182
Hispanic American 0.1043
Black American 0.3504 *
Native American 0.0444
Asian Pacific American 0.0734
Other race minority 0.9032 *
Female 0.4651 **
Coefficient
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 10
Figure F 4.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated ratesfor Seattle Metropolitan Area construction workers, 2000
Note: As the benchmark figure can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparison is made with only this subset of the sample. For this reason, actual selfemployment rates may differ slightly from those in Figure F 1.
Other race minority includes Subcontinent Asian Americans.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2000 Census data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Construction industry in 2009 through 2011.
Group
Black American 9.3% 16.0% 58
Other race minority 3.2% 16.6% 19
Non Hispanic white female 12.6% 25.1% 50
(100 = parity)Disparity indexSelf employment rate
Actual Benchmark
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 11
Figure F 5.Seattle Metropolitan Area constructionindustry business ownership model,2009 2011
Note:
Other race minority includes Subcontinent Asian Americans.
*,** Denote statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence levels, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2009 2011 ACS data. The rawdata extract was obtained through the IPUMS program of theMN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Simulations of business ownership rates.
Figure F 6.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated ratesfor Seattle Metropolitan Area construction workers, 2009 2011
Note: As the benchmark figure can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparison is made with only this subset of the sample. For this reason, actual selfemployment rates may differ slightly from those in Figure F 1.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2009 2011 ACS data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Variable
Constant 2.3850 **
Age 0.0662 **
Age squared 0.0005 **
Married 0.0876
Disabled 0.0848
Number of children in household 0.0392
Number of people over 65 in household 0.1504
Owns home 0.1766 *
Home value ($000s) 0.0003 **
Monthly mortgage payment ($000s) 0.0833 **
Interest and dividend income ($000s) 0.0026
Income of spouse or partner ($000s) 0.0005
Speaks English well 0.3604 *
Less than high school education 0.0664
Some college 0.0270
Four year degree 0.0294
Advanced degree 0.2516
Hispanic American 0.2594 *
African American 0.0337
Native American 0.3516
Asian Pacific American 0.1707
Other race minority (incl subcont asian) 0.3147
Female 0.3713 **
Coefficient
Group
Hispanic American 12.2% 23.5% 52
Non Hispanic white female 15.6% 23.0% 68
Self employment rate Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 12
Engineering industry.
Engineering industry in 2000.
Simulations of business ownership rates.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 13
Figure F 7.Seattle Metropolitan Area engineeringindustry business ownership model,2000
Note:
Other race minority includes Black Americans,Subcontinent Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, NativeAmericans and other minorities.
*,** Denote statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence levels, respectively.
“Speaks English Well” was excluded from the modelbecause all engineering business owners spoke Englishwell.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2000 Census data. Theraw data extract was obtained through the IPUMS programof the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Figure F 8.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated ratesfor Seattle Metropolitan Area workers in the engineering industry, 2000
Note: As the benchmark figure can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparison is made with only this subset of the sample. For this reason, actualself employment rates may differ slightly from those in Figure F 2.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2000 Census data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Engineering industry in 2009 through 2011.
Variable
Constant 4.6570 **
Age 0.0949 **
Age squared 0.0008 *
Disabled 0.3255
Married 0.2146
Number of children in household 0.0626
Number of people over 65 in household 0.3197 **
Owns home 0.1184
Home value ($000s) 0.0012 **
Monthly mortgage payment ($000s) 0.0044
Interest and dividend income ($000s) 0.0042
Income of spouse or partner ($000s) 0.0004
Speaks English well
Less than high school education 0.6740
Some college 0.6483
Four year degree 0.8631 *
Advanced degree 0.7186
Asian Pacific American 0.2156
Other race minority 0.1212
Female 0.3298 **
Coefficient
excluded
Group
Non Hispanic white female 7.2% 13.7% 53
Self employment rate Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX F, PAGE 14
Figure F 9.Seattle Metropolitan Area engineeringindustry business ownership model,2009 2011
Note:
Other race minority includes Black Americans, SubcontinentAsian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans andother minorities.
*,** Denote statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence levels, respectively.
“Less than High School” was excluded from the modelbecause only one engineering business owners had notcompleted high school.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2009 2011 ACS data. The rawdata extract was obtained through the IPUMS program of theMN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Simulations of business ownership rates.
Figure F 10.Comparison of actual business ownership rates to simulated rates forSeattle Metropolitan Area workers in the engineering industry, 2009 2011
Note: As the benchmark figure can only be estimated for records with an observed (rather than imputed)dependent variable, comparison is made with only this subset of the sample. For this reason, actualself employment rates may differ slightly from those in Figure F 2.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from statistical models of 2009 2011 ACS data. The raw data extract wasobtained through the IPUMS program of the MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Variable
Constant 2.4936 *
Age 0.0778 *
Age squared 0.0005
Disabled 0.1145
Married 0.1702
Number of children in household 0.1178
Number of people over 65 in household 0.0551
Owns home 0.0953
Home value ($000s) 0.0002
Monthly mortgage payment ($000s) 0.0195
Interest and dividend income ($000s) 0.0108 **
Income of spouse or partner ($000s) 0.0020
Speaks English well 1.5775 **
Less than high school education
Some college 0.4099
Four year degree 0.6791
Advanced degree 0.5583
Asian Pacific American 0.2397
Other race minority 0.3814
Female 0.4111 **
excluded
Coefficient
Group
Non Hispanic white female 11.8% 18.9% 62
Self employment rate Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 1
APPENDIX G.Access to Capital for Business Formationand Success
Race and Entrepreneurial Success
Ibid.
Race and Entrepreneurial Success
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 2
Homeownership and Mortgage Lending
Homeownership.
Homeownership rates.
California Building Industry Association.
Social Forces.
Journal of Banking and Finance.
Journal ofBusiness.
The American Economic Review
Signs.
BBC
FiguHomrate200
Note
The shous
** Dediffefromfor thstatisthe 9
Sourc
BBCfrom2009raw dobtaIPUMPopuhttp:
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 1.meownershipes, 2000 and09 2011
e:
sample universe is aleholds.
enotes that therence in proportionsnon Hispanic whitehe given year isstically significant at95% confidence level
ce:
Research & Consultin2000 U.S. Census an
9 2011 ACS data. Thedata extract wasined through theMS program of the Mulation Center://usa.ipums.org/usa
CONSULTING—
p
l
s
.
ngnde
N
a/.
FINAL REPORTT AAPPENDIX G, PAAGE 3
BBC
FiguMe
Note
Sourc
Mo
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 2.edian home va
e: The sample univ
ce: BBC Research &Population Cen
ortgage lend
CONSULTING—
alues, 2000
verse is all owner oc
& Consulting from 20ter: http://usa.ipum
ding.
FINAL REPORT
ccupied housing units
000 U.S. Census data.s.org/usa/.
T
s.
. The raw data extracct was obtained thro
A
ough the IPUMS prog
NYTimes.c
APPENDIX G, PA
gram of the MN
com
AGE 5
BBC
FiguMe
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 3.edian home va
e: The sample univ
ce: BBC Research &program of the
CONSULTING—
alues, 2009 20
verse is all owner oc
& Consulting from 20MN Population Cent
FINAL REPORT
011
ccupied housing units
009 2011 American Cter: http://usa.ipums
T
s.
Community Survey das.org/usa/.
ata. The raw data ext
A
tract was obtained t
APPENDIX G, PA
hrough the IPUMS
AGE 6
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 7
Mortgage denials.
Federal Reserve Bulletin
BBC
FiguDenconpurhighou200201
Note
Highthosemoremedi
Sourc
FFIECand 2
Add
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 4.nial rates ofnventionalrchase loans th incomeuseholds,06, 2009, and12
e:
income borrowers ae households with 12e than the HUD areaian family income (M
ce:
C HMDA data 2006, 22012.
ditional resea
The Am
CONSULTING—
to
are20% or
MFI).
2009
arch.
merican Economic
FINAL REPORT
Review
T
The Journal of
A
of Economic Persp
APPENDIX G, PA
pectives
AGE 8
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 9
Subprime lending.
Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination
Southern Economic Journal
American Journal of Economics and Sociology
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 10
Subprime home purchase loans.
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
BBC
FiguPerconpurwe200201
Sourc
FFIECand 2
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 5.rcent ofnventional horchase loans tre subprime,06, 2009, and12
ce:
C HMDA data 2006, 22012.
CONSULTING—
methat
2009
FINAL REPORTT AAPPENDIX G, PAGGE 11
BBC
Sub
FiguPerconrefiwe200201
Sourc
FFIECand 2
C RESEARCH & C
bprime refin
ure G 6.rcent ofnventionalinance loans tre subprime,06, 2009, and12
ce:
C HMDA data 2006, 22012.
CONSULTING—
ance loans.
that
2009
FINAL REPORTT AAPPENDIX G, PAGGE 12
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 13
Additional research.
Implications of the recent mortgage lending crisis.
HUD Fannie MaeFoundation
Freddie Mac.Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 14
Ibid.
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
Testimony before the Committee on Small Business,U.S. House of Representative on November 20
Presented at the Federal Reserve Meeting Series:Addressing the Financing Needs of Small Businesses on July 12.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 15
—
Redlining.
——
Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
The Journal of Economic Perspectives.
The Journal of Finance.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 16
Steering by real estate agents.
Gender discrimination in mortgage lending.
Access to Business Capital
Economic Geography.
The American Economic Review
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 17
Pacific region
Race and Entrepreneurial Success
Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University.
BBC
Loa
FiguBusden199
Note
** Dediffefrommalestatisthe 9
Sourc
BBCCons2003Busin
Oth
C RESEARCH & C
an denial ra
ure G 7.siness loannial rates,98 and 2003
e:
enotes that therence in proportionnon Hispanic white
e owned businesses istically significant at95% confidence level
ce:
Research &ulting from 1998 and3 Survey of Smallness Finances.
her researche
CONSULTING—
ates.
s
.
d
ers’ regressio
Journal
FINAL REPORT
on analyses of
l of Business.
T
f loan denial rates.
AAPPENDIX G, PAGGE 18
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 19
BBC regression model for denial rates.
The Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship.
FEDS WorkingPaper No. 2002 35.
The Review of Economics and Statistics.
Prepared for Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 20
1998 SSBF regression results.
?” Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University
The Review of Economics and StatisticsPrepared for the City of Austin, Texas
Prepared for Santa ClaraValley Transportation Authority.
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
21
Figure
G8.
Likelih
oodof
busine
ssloan
denial(probitregression)
intheU.S.inthe19
98SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:loan
denial
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
Fore
aseof
interpretatio
nthemarginaleffe
ctso
fthe
prob
itcoefficientsa
redisplayedinthefigure.Significanceiscalculated
usingtstatisticsfromtheprob
itcoefficientsa
ssociatedwith
themarginaleffe
cts.
"NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
"and
"Miningindu
stry"p
erfectlypred
ictedloan
outcom
eandwereexclud
edfrom
thefin
alregressio
n.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
1998
SSBF
data.
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itandfin
ancialhealth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
African
American
0.357
**D&
Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.09
4Partne
rship
0.01
5AsianAm
erican
0.015
D&Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.11
0Scorporation
0.02
2HispanicAm
erican
0.213
**D&
Bcred
itscore=sig
nificantrisk
0.06
3Ccorporation
0.03
0Female
0.024
D&Bcred
itscore=high
risk
0.06
6Co
nstructio
nindu
stry
0.098
**Pacific
region
0.012
Totalemployees
0.00
0Manufacturin
gindu
stry
0.005
African
American
inPacific
region
0.064
Percen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principal
0.000
Transportatio
n,commun
ications
AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.041
Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.076
**andutilitie
sind
ustry
0.074
HispanicAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.008
Firm
purchased
0.03
9Finance,insuranceand
FemaleinPacific
region
0.093
Firm
inhe
rited
0.02
2realestate
indu
strie
s0.02
2
Firm
age
0.00
2Engine
eringindu
stry
0.12
2Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itandresources
Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.030
Other
indu
stry
0.03
5Ag
e0.002
*Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.029
Herfindahlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.39
0**
Owne
rexperience
0.001
Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.124
**He
rfindahlinde
x=.18or
above
0.36
9**
Lessthan
high
scho
oled
ucation
0.075
Existingcapitalleases
0.00
8LocatedinMSA
0.006
Somecollege
0.017
Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.04
5*
Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.02
1Four
year
degree
0.061
**Existingvehicleloans
0.06
7**
Loan
amou
nt0.00
0Ad
vanced
degree
0.043
Existingeq
uipm
entloans
0.05
6**
Capitallease
application
0.02
4Logof
HomeEq
uity
0.010
**Existingloansfrom
stockholde
rs0.111
**Bu
sinessm
ortgageapplication
0.06
6**
Bankruptcy
inpast7years
0.315
**Other
existingloans
0.01
0Ve
hicleloan
application
0.09
3**
Judgem
enta
gainstinpast3years
0.228
**Firm
used
tradecred
itinpastyear
0.038
Equipm
entloanapplication
0.07
2**
Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.001
Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.00
0Loan
foro
ther
purposes
0.03
6Owne
rhas
negativene
tworth
0.025
Negativesalesinpriory
ear
0.07
3Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.00
2Logof
totalassets
0.00
5Negativetotalassets
0.04
5Logof
totalequ
ity0.015
Negativetotalequ
ity0.241
Firm
bankruptcy
inpast7years
0.22
8*
Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.258
**
Varia
ble
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
Margina
lEffe
ct
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 23
—
Figure G 9.Comparison of actual loan approval rates to simulated loan approval rates, 1998
Note: Actual approval rates presented here and denial rates in Figure G 7 do not sum to 100% becausesome observations were excluded from the probit regression.
“Loan approval” means that a business owner always or at least sometimes had his or her businessloan applications approved over the previous three years.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting analysis of 1998 NSSBF data.
Group
Black American 46.4% 76.8% 60
Hispanic American 53.7% 75.9% 71
Loan approval rates Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
25
Figure
G10.
Likelih
oodof
busine
ssloan
denial(probitregression)
intheU.S.inthe20
03SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:loan
denial
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
Fore
aseof
interpretatio
nthemarginaleffe
ctso
fthe
prob
itcoefficientsa
redisplayedinthefigure.Significanceiscalculated
usingtstatisticsfromtheprob
itcoefficientsa
ssociatedwith
themarginaleffe
cts.
"Lessthanhigh
scho
oled
ucation,""
Negativesalesinpriory
ear"and"M
iningindu
stry"p
erfectlypred
ictedloan
outcom
eandwereexclud
edfrom
thefin
alregressio
n;"O
wne
rhas
negativ
ene
tworth"a
nd"N
egative
totalassets"drop
pedbe
causeof
colinearity.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
2003
SSBF
data.
Margina
lEffe
ctMargina
lEffe
ctMargina
lEffe
ct
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dfin
ancialhe
alth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
BlackAm
erican
0.25
6**
D&Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.007
Partne
rship
0.00
6AsianAm
erican
0.01
7D&
Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.03
6*
Scorporation
0.03
0**
Hispan
icAm
erican
0.01
1D&
Bcred
itscore=sig
nificantrisk
0.01
7Ccorporation
0.040
*NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
0.03
1D&
Bcred
itscore=high
risk
0.05
9**
Constructio
nindu
stry
0.02
9Female
0.01
9Totalemployees
0.00
0Man
ufacturin
gindu
stry
0.01
3Pacific
region
0.05
7**
Percen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principa
l0.00
0Tran
sportatio
n,commun
ications
African
American
inPacific
region
0.03
2Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.023
andutilitie
sind
ustry
0.17
7**
AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.03
3Firm
purcha
sed
0.00
2Finance,insurancean
dHispan
icAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.02
6Firm
inhe
rited
0.036
**realestate
indu
strie
s0.01
6
0.01
7Firm
age
0.001
**En
gine
eringindu
stry
0.00
3FemaleinPacific
region
0.03
0*
Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.147
*Other
indu
stry
0.00
3Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.025
**He
rfinda
hlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.00
0Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dresources
Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.085
**He
rfinda
hlinde
x=.18or
above
0.02
8Ag
e0.00
1Existingcapitalleases
0.006
LocatedinMSA
0.023
*Owne
rexperience
0.00
2**
Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.02
1Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.01
4Somecollege
0.01
0Existingvehicleloan
s0.01
8Loan
amou
nt0.00
0Four
year
degree
0.00
3Existingeq
uipm
entloa
ns0.012
Capitallease
application
0.01
7Ad
vanced
degree
0.02
6*
Existingloan
sfrom
stockholde
rs0.02
1Bu
sinessm
ortgageap
plication
0.03
2**
Logof
homeeq
uity
0.00
1Other
existingloan
s0.03
0*
Vehicleloan
application
0.05
1**
Bankruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.09
8*
Firm
used
trad
ecred
itinpastyear
0.00
0Eq
uipm
entloanap
plication
0.01
9Judgem
enta
gainstinpa
st3years
0.017
Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.012
*Loan
foro
ther
purposes
0.02
2*
Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.000
Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.002
Logof
totalassets
0.00
1Logof
totalequ
ity0.001
Negativetotalequ
ity0.01
0Firm
bankruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.026
Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.01
2
NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
inPacific
region
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 26
Figure G 11.Comparison of actual loan approval rates to simulated loan approval rates, 2003
Note: Actual approval rates presented here and denial rates in Figure G 7 do not sum to 100% because someobservations were excluded from the probit regression.
“Loan approval” means that a business owner always or at least sometimes had his or her business loanapplications approved over the previous three years.
Source: BBC Research & Consulting analysis of 2003 NSSBF data.
Applying for loans.
Other researchers’ regression analyses of fear of denial.
Group
Black American 49.1% 69.0% 71
Loan approval rates Disparity indexActual Benchmark (100 = parity)
BBC
FiguBusneedidto f199
Note
** Dediffefrommalestatisthe 9
Sourc
BBCfromof Sm
BBC
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 12.sinesses thateded loans bunot apply dufear of denial,98 and 2003
e:
enotes that therence in proportionsnon Hispanic white
e owned businesses istically significant at95% confidence level
ce:
Research & Consultin1998 and 2003 Surv
mall Business Finance
C regression
Jou
Prepa
CONSULTING—
ute,
s
s
.
ngveyes.
model for fea
urnal of Developm
ared for Santa Cla
FINAL REPORT
ar of denial.
mental Entreprene
ara Valley Transpo
T
urship
ortation Authorityty.
AAPPENDIX G, PAGGE 27
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
29
Figure
G13.
Likelih
oodof
forgoing
aloan
applicationdu
eto
fear
ofde
nial(probitregression)
intheU.S.inthe19
98SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:ne
eded
aloan
butd
idno
tapp
lydu
eto
fear
ofde
nial
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
Fore
aseof
interpretatio
nthemarginaleffe
ctso
fthe
prob
itcoefficientsa
redisplayedinthefigure.Significanceiscalculated
usingtstatisticsfromtheprob
itcoefficientsa
ssociatedwith
themarginaleffe
cts.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
1998
SSBF
data.
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itandfin
ancialhe
alth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
BlackAm
erican
0.29
4**
D&Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.07
9Partne
rship
0.00
8AsianAm
erican
0.04
9D&
Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.103
**Scorporation
0.001
Hispan
icAm
erican
0.02
5D&
Bcred
itscore=sig
nificantrisk
0.16
3**
Ccorporation
0.03
6NativeAm
erican
0.06
9D&
Bcred
itscore=high
risk
0.209
**Miningindu
stry
0.07
8Female
0.00
6Totalemployees
0.001
Constructio
nindu
stry
0.03
4Pacific
region
0.07
4**
Percen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principal
0.000
Man
ufacturin
gindu
stry
0.00
6African
American
inPacific
region
0.11
0*
Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.02
2Transportatio
n,commun
ications
AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.09
9*
Firm
purchased
0.07
0**
andutilitie
sind
ustry
0.048
Hispan
icAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.03
4Firm
inhe
rited
0.00
3Finance,insuranceand
NativeAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.02
5Firm
age
0.00
3**
realestate
indu
strie
s0.03
1FemaleinPacific
region
0.06
6Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.050
Engine
eringindu
stry
0.00
1Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.05
6**
Other
indu
stry
0.03
4Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itandresources
Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.062
**He
rfinda
hlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.00
0Ag
e0.00
1Existingcapitalleases
0.03
7He
rfinda
hlinde
x=.18or
above
0.01
1Owne
rexperience
0.00
1Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.10
5**
LocatedinMSA
0.03
1Lessthan
high
scho
oled
ucation
0.08
8Existingvehicleloan
s0.04
9**
Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.01
7Somecollege
0.00
3Existingeq
uipm
entloans
0.034
Four
year
degree
0.01
4Existingloansfrom
stockholde
rs0.097
**Ad
vanced
degree
0.02
9Other
existingloan
s0.06
7**
Logof
homeeq
uity
0.00
7**
Firm
used
tradecred
itinpastyear
0.01
6Ba
nkruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.32
4**
Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.02
2**
Judgem
enta
gainstinpast3years
0.09
3**
Negativesalesinpriory
ear
0.16
7**
Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.03
4**
Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.00
2Owne
rhas
negativ
ene
tworth
0.16
8Logof
totalassets
0.02
0**
Negativetotalassets
0.11
5Logof
totalequ
ity0.00
9Negativetotalequ
ity0.01
0Firm
bankruptcy
inpast7years
0.56
7**
Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.237
**
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
31
Figure
G14.
Likelih
oodof
forgoing
aloan
applicationdu
eto
fear
ofde
nial(probitregression)
intheU.S.inthe20
03SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:ne
eded
aloan
butd
idno
tapp
lydu
eto
fear
ofde
nial
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
Fore
aseof
interpretatio
nthemarginaleffe
ctso
fthe
prob
itcoefficientsa
redisplayedinthefigure.Significanceiscalculated
usingtstatisticsfromtheprob
itcoefficientsa
ssociatedwith
themarginaleffe
cts.
"Miningindu
stry"p
erfectlypred
ictedloan
outcom
eandwas
exclud
edfrom
theregressio
n;"O
wne
rhas
negativ
ene
tworth"a
nd"N
egativetotalassets"
drop
pedbe
causeof
colinearity.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
2003
SSBF
data.
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itandfin
ancialhe
alth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
BlackAm
erican
0.21
4**
D&Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.01
1Partne
rship
0.00
4AsianAm
erican
0.04
9D&
Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.040
Scorporation
0.014
Hispan
icAm
erican
0.07
1*
D&Bcred
itscore=sig
nificantrisk
0.04
6*
Ccorporation
0.02
0NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
0.02
6D&
Bcred
itscore=high
risk
0.104
**Co
nstructio
nindu
stry
0.03
3Female
0.04
6**
Totalemployees
0.00
0Man
ufacturin
gindu
stry
0.01
2Pacific
region
0.03
7Pe
rcen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principal
0.001
**Transportatio
n,commun
ications
African
American
inPacific
region
0.08
1Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.00
9andutilitie
sind
ustry
0.04
9AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.00
0Firm
purchased
0.01
0Finance,insuranceand
Hispan
icAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.04
7Firm
inhe
rited
0.03
3realestate
indu
strie
s0.04
1NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
inPacific
region
0.42
4**
Firm
age
0.003
**En
gine
eringindu
stry
0.02
8FemaleinPacific
region
0.05
1Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.01
0Other
indu
stry
0.01
0Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.010
Herfindahlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.00
5Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itandresources
Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.005
Herfinda
hlinde
x=.18or
above
0.02
4Ag
e0.00
2**
Existingcapitalleases
0.03
0LocatedinMSA
0.04
7**
Owne
rexperience
0.00
2Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.05
0**
Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.06
3**
Lessthan
high
scho
oled
ucation
0.04
1Existingvehicleloan
s0.03
1*
Somecollege
0.00
2Existingeq
uipm
entloans
0.043
*Four
year
degree
0.03
6*
Existingloansfrom
stockholde
rs0.074
**Ad
vanced
degree
0.02
1Other
existingloan
s0.10
6**
Logof
homeeq
uity
0.00
4**
Firm
used
tradecred
itinpastyear
0.01
8Ba
nkruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.22
7**
Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.02
2**
Judgem
enta
gainstinpast3years
0.25
6**
Negativesalesinpriory
ear
0.09
2*
Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.02
5**
Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.01
2*
Logof
totalassets
0.00
5Logof
totalequ
ity0.00
8Negativetotalequ
ity0.03
3Firm
bankruptcy
inpast7years
0.21
0**
Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.142
**
Margina
lEffe
ctVa
riable
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
Margina
lEffe
ctMargina
lEffe
ct
BBC
Loa
FiguMe
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
an values.
ure G 15.ean value of a
e: ** Denotes thatlevel.
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
pproved busin
t the difference in m
& Consulting from 19
FINAL REPORT
ness loans, 19
means from non Hispa
98 and 2003 Survey
T
998 and 2003
anic white male own
of Small Business Fin
ned businesses is sta
nances.
A
tistically significant a
APPENDIX G, PAG
at the 95% confidenc
GE 32
ce
BBC
Int
FiguMe
Noteconfi
Sourc
Oth
C RESEARCH & C
terest rates.
ure G 16.ean interest ra
e: ** Denotes tidence level.
ce: BBC Research &
her researche
CONSULTING—
.
ate for busine
that the difference in
& Consulting from 19
ers’ regressio
FINAL REPORT
ss loans, 1998
n means from non H
98 and 2003 Survey
on analyses of
T
8 and 2003
ispanic white male o
of Small Business Fin
f interest rate
owned businesses is
nances.
es.
A
statistically significa
APPENDIX G, PAG
nt at the 95%
GE 33
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 34
BBC regression model for interest rates in the SSBF.
1998 SSBF regression results.
Prepared for Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority.
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
35
Figure
G17.
Interestrate
(line
arregression
)intheU.S.inthe1998
SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:interestrate
onmostrecen
tapp
rovedloan
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
Coefficientsa
represen
tedinpe
rcen
tage
form
.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
1998
SSBF
data.
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dfin
ancialhe
alth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
Constant
14.625
**D&
Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.27
0Partne
rship
0.06
0BlackAm
erican
1.46
4D&
Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.16
1Scorporation
0.24
6AsianAm
erican
1.25
8D&
Bcred
itscore=sig
nifican
trisk
0.14
5Ccorporation
0.225
Hispan
icAm
erican
0.30
3D&
Bcred
itscore=high
risk
0.50
2Miningindu
stry
0.07
9NativeAm
erican
0.60
9To
talemployees
0.00
2Co
nstructio
nindu
stry
0.06
4Female
0.30
4Pe
rcen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principal
0.00
5Manufacturin
gindu
stry
0.02
0Pacific
region
0.09
3Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.305
Transportatio
n,commun
ications
African
American
inPacific
region
2.66
8Firm
purchased
0.40
4*
andutilitie
sind
ustry
0.131
AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
2.00
1Firm
inhe
rited
0.05
2Finance,insurancean
dHispan
icAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.14
1Firm
age
0.00
1realestate
indu
strie
s0.52
8FemaleinPacific
region
0.51
5Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.080
Engine
eringindu
stry
0.13
4Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.35
9Other
indu
stry
0.42
3Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.31
5He
rfindahlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.09
9Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dresources
Existingcapitalleases
0.11
2He
rfindahlinde
x=.18or
above
0.22
9Ag
e0.00
1Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.04
4LocatedinMSA
0.06
0Owne
rexperience
0.01
4Existingvehicleloan
s0.13
8Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.16
5Lessthan
high
scho
oled
ucation
1.19
2**
Existingeq
uipm
entloans
0.08
0Ap
proved
Loan
amou
nt0.00
0Somecollege
0.18
2Existingloansfrom
stockholde
rs0.234
Capitallease
application
1.26
7**
Four
year
degree
0.15
4Other
existingloans
0.60
1**
Busin
essm
ortgageap
plication
0.27
2Ad
vanced
degree
0.05
9Firm
used
tradecred
itinpa
styear
0.20
0Ve
hicleloan
application
0.47
8Logof
homeeq
uity
0.04
9Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.20
6*
Equipm
entloa
nap
plication
0.06
8Ba
nkruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.98
5Negativesalesinpriory
ear
3.22
2**
Loan
foro
ther
purposes
0.45
2Judgem
enta
gainstinpast3years
0.33
0Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.01
9Loan
guaran
teed
0.07
1Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.04
9Logof
totalassets
0.02
7Co
llateralreq
uired
0.38
8*
Owne
rhas
negativ
ene
tworth
0.05
8Negativetotalassets
1.99
0Length
ofloan
(mon
ths)
0.00
2Logof
totalequ
ity0.17
3**
Fixedrate
0.03
7Negativetotalequ
ity2.23
6**
Firm
bankruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.59
7Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.43
0
Coefficient
Varia
ble
Coefficient
Varia
ble
Coefficient
Varia
ble
BBCRE
SEAR
CH&CO
NSU
LTING—
FINAL
REPO
RTAP
PENDIXG,
PAGE
37
Figure
G18.
Interestrate
(line
arregression
)intheU.S.inthe2003
SSBF
,De
pend
entv
ariable:interestrate
onmostrecen
tapp
rovedloan
Note:
*Statisticallysig
nificanta
t90%
confiden
celevel.
**Statisticallysig
nificanta
t95%
confiden
celevel.
"Owne
rhas
negativ
ene
tworth"a
nd"N
egativetotalassets"
drop
pedou
tofthe
regressio
nbe
causeof
colinearity.
Source:
BBCRe
search
&Co
nsultin
ganalysisof
2003
SSBF
data.
Race/ethnicity
andgend
erFirm
'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dfin
ancialhe
alth
Firm
andlend
eren
vironm
enta
ndloan
characteristics
Constant
11.993
**D&
Bcred
itscore=mod
eraterisk
0.24
1Partne
rship
0.51
0BlackAm
erican
1.78
7D&
Bcred
itscore=averagerisk
0.19
2Scorporation
0.14
2AsianAm
erican
0.11
9D&
Bcred
itscore=sig
nifican
trisk
0.27
9Ccorporation
0.11
3Hispan
icAm
erican
1.09
6*
D&Bcred
itscore=high
risk
1.01
3**
Miningindu
stry
0.22
8NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
0.43
7To
talemployees
0.00
2Co
nstructio
nindu
stry
0.55
5*
Female
0.21
2Pe
rcen
tofb
usinesso
wne
dby
principal
0.00
1Manufacturin
gindu
stry
0.23
5Pacific
region
1.22
4**
Family
owne
dbu
siness
0.51
6Transportatio
n,commun
ications
African
American
inPacific
region
2.90
6*
Firm
purchased
0.00
1an
dutilitie
sind
ustry
1.36
7**
AsianAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.23
5Firm
inhe
rited
0.06
5Finance,insurancean
dHispan
icAm
erican
inPacific
region
0.13
9Firm
age
0.01
2realestate
indu
strie
s0.03
6NativeAm
erican
orothe
rminority
inPacific
region
0.97
2Firm
hasc
heckingaccoun
t0.35
4En
gine
eringindu
stry
0.51
5FemaleinPacific
region
0.40
3Firm
hassavings
accoun
t0.01
7Other
indu
stry
0.372
Firm
haslineof
cred
it0.02
8He
rfindahlinde
x=.10to
.18
0.55
0Owne
r'scharacteristics,cred
itan
dresources
Existingcapitalleases
0.13
2He
rfinda
hlinde
x=.18or
above
0.87
6Ag
e0.01
3Existingmortgageforb
usiness
0.02
8LocatedinMSA
0.11
1Owne
rexperience
0.01
1Existingvehicleloan
s0.344
Salesm
arketlocalon
ly0.14
8Lessthan
high
scho
oled
ucation
0.28
4Existingeq
uipm
entloa
ns0.56
3Ap
proved
Loan
amou
nt0.00
0Somecollege
0.23
9Existingloansfrom
stockholde
rs0.191
Capitallease
application
1.22
1*
Four
year
degree
0.32
4Other
existingloans
0.38
0Bu
sinessm
ortgageap
plication
0.54
7Ad
vanced
degree
0.57
2*
Firm
used
tradecred
itinpa
styear
0.25
2Ve
hicleloan
application
1.06
2**
Logof
homeeq
uity
0.00
6Logof
totalsales
inpriory
ear
0.15
7Eq
uipm
entloa
nap
plication
0.26
1Ba
nkruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.24
1Negativesalesinpriory
ear
2.28
6Loan
foro
ther
purposes
0.36
9Judgem
enta
gainstinpast3years
0.20
5Logof
costof
doingbu
sinessinpriory
ear
0.14
4Loan
guaran
teed
0.31
2Logof
netw
orth
exclud
ingho
me
0.14
9**
Logof
totalassets
0.14
2Co
llateralreq
uired
0.84
2**
Logof
totalequ
ity0.18
2*
Length
ofloan
(mon
ths)
0.00
4**
Negativetotalequ
ity2.13
2*
Fixedrate
1.18
5**
Firm
bankruptcy
inpa
st7years
0.20
6Firm
delinqu
ency
inbu
sinesstransactio
ns0.17
9
Coefficient
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
Coefficient
Coefficient
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX G, PAGE 38
Results from BBC availability interviews.
Access to lines of credit and loans.
BBC
FiguHasexpdiffline
Sourc
BBC R2014
Rec
FiguHasexpdiffpayman
Sourc
BBC R2014
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 19.s your companerienced anyiculties in obtes of credit or
ce:
Research & ConsultinAvailability Interview
ceiving timely
ure G 20.s your companerienced anyiculties receivyment in a timnner?
ce:
Research & ConsultinAvailability Interview
ONSULTING— F
ny
tainingloans?
ng from 2012ws.
y payment.
ny
vingmely
ng from 2012ws.
FINAL REPORTT APPPENDIX G, PAGE 39
BBC
Bo
Bon
FiguHasanybonproj
Sourc
BBC R2014
Ins
The U
C RESEARCH & C
nding and
nding.
ure G 21.s your company difficulties onds needed foject?
ce:
Research & ConsultinAvailability Interview
urance.
Urban Institute:
ONSULTING— F
Insurance
ny hadbtainingor a
ng from 2012ws.
FINAL REPORT
e
T APPPENDIX G, PAGE 40
BBC
FiguHavreqpresbidd
Sourc
BBC R2014
Sum
C RESEARCH & C
ure G 22.ve any insuranuirements onsented a barrding?
ce:
Research & ConsultinAvailability Interview
mmary
ONSULTING— F
nceprojectsier to
ng from 2012ws.
FINAL REPORTT APPPENDIX G, PAGE 41
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 1
APPENDIX H.Success of Businesses in the SeattleMetropolitan Area Construction andEngineering Industries
Figure H 1.Businessoutcomes
Source:
BBC Research &Consulting.
Operating businesses
Public sector Private sector
SubcontractorPrime contractor
ClosureContractionStabilityExpansion
Business earnings
Availablemarkets
Contract roles
Outcomes
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 2
Participation in Public and Private Sector Markets
Public sector versus private sector work.
Construction.
BBC
FiguMBand
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 2.BEs, WBEs, andd private secto
e: “WBE” represenTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
d majority owor work in Wa
nts white women owadd to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
wned construcashington in t
wned firms.ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
T
ction businessthe past five y
Interviews.
ses bidding onyears
A
n public
APPENDIX H, PAAGE 3
BBC
Con
FiguMBbus
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
nstruction re
ure H 3.BEs, WBEs, andsinesses biddi
e: “WBE” represenTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
elated profess
d majority owng on public a
nts white women owadd to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
sional service
wned construcand private se
wned firms.ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
T
es.
ction relatedector work in
Interviews.
professional sWashington i
A
servicesin the past fiv
APPENDIX H, PA
ve years
AGE 4
BBC
Bid
Con
FiguPerpub
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
dding as pri
nstruction.
ure H 4.rcent of constblic sector pro
e: “WBE” represen
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
me contrac
ruction businoject in Washi
nts white women ow
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
tors and su
esses that repington in the p
wned firms.
012 2014 Availability
T
bcontracto
ported submitpast five year
Interviews.
rs/supplier
tting a bid forrs
A
s.
r any part of a
APPENDIX H, PA
a
AGE 5
BBC
FiguPerpriv
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 5.rcent of constvate sector pr
e: “WBE” represen
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
ruction businroject in Wash
nts white women ow
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
esses that rephington in the
wned firms.
012 2014 Availability
T
ported submite past five yea
Interviews.
tting a bid forars
A
r any part of a
APPENDIX H, PA
a
AGE 6
BBC
Con
FiguPersub
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
nstruction re
ure H 6.rcent of constbmitting a bid
e: “WBE” represen
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
elated profess
ruction relatefor any part o
nts white women ow
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
sional service
ed professionaof a public sec
wned firms.
012 2014 Availability
T
es.
al services buctor project in
Interviews.
usinesses thatn Washington
A
reportedn in the past fi
APPENDIX H, PA
ive years
AGE 7
BBC
FiguPersub
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 7.rcent of constbmitting a bid
e: “WBE” represen
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
ruction relatefor any part o
nts white women ow
& Consulting from 20
FINAL REPORT
ed professionaof a private se
wned firms.
012 2014 Availability
T
al services buector project
Interviews.
usinesses thatin Washingto
A
reportedon in the past f
APPENDIX H, PA
five years
AGE 8
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 9
Largest contract in Washington in the past five years.
Construction.
BBC
FiguLarcon
Note
Sourc
Con
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 8.gest contractnstruction
e: “WBE” represenTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
nstruction re
CONSULTING—
or subcontra
nts white women owadd to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
elated profess
FINAL REPORT
ct that the co
wned firms.ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
sional service
T
ompany receiv
Interviews.
es.
ved in Washin
A
ngton in the p
APPENDIX H, PAG
ast five years
GE 10
s,
BBC
FiguLarcon
Note
Sourc
Re
Cor
Me
Depa
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 9.gest contractnstruction rela
e: “WBE” represenTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
lative capac
rp. v. U.S. Depa
easurement o
artment of Defens
CONSULTING—
or subcontraated professio
nts white women owadd to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
city.
artment of De
of capacity.
se, 545 F.3d 1023
FINAL REPORT
ct that the coonal services
wned firms.ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
efense
(Fed. Cir. 2008).
T
ompany receiv
Interviews.
ved in Washin
A
ngton in the p
Rothe
Rothe Devel
APPENDIX H, PAG
ast five years
e Developmen
lopment Corp. v. U
GE 11
s,
nt
U.S.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 12
Assessment of possible disparities in capacity of MBE/WBEs and majority owned businesses.
Figure H 10.Median relative capacity by subindustry
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from 2012 2014 Availability Interviews.
Subindustry
Construction
Asphalt and concrete supply $100,000 to $500,000Electrical work $500,000 to $1 millionExcavation and drilling $100,000 to $500,000Heavy construction $1 million to $2 millionLandscape services $100,000Marine construction $5 million to $10 millionOther construction services $100,000 to $500,000Other construction supplies $100,000 to $500,000Plumbing and HVAC $100,000 to $500,000Signs, installation, and manufacture $100,000 to $500,000Steel building materials $100,000 to $500,000Trucking $100,000 to $500,000Vertical construction $1 million to $2 millionVertical construction trades $100,000Water, sewer, and utility lines $1 million to $2 millionWrecking and demolition $100,000 to $500,000
Professional Services
Construction management $1 million to $2 millionEngineering $100,000 to $500,000Environmental research, consulting, and testing $100,000 to $500,000Landscape architecture $100,000 to $500,000Surveying and mapmaking $100,000 to $500,000Transportation consulting $2 million to $5 million
Median Bid Capacity
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 13
Construction.
Figure H 11.Proportion of firms with abovemedian bid capacity by ownership
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from2012 2014 Availability Interviews.
Construction related professional services.
Further analysis.
Firm ownership
Minority 42 % 41 % 42 %
Female 34 30 32
Majority owned 38 38 38
ConstructionProfessionalServices Overall
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 14
Figure H 12.Seattle Metropolitan Area constructionindustry bid capacity model
Note:
** Denotes statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2012 2014 Availability Interviews.
Figure H 13.Seattle Metropolitan Area constructionrelated professional services industry bidcapacity model
Note:
** Denotes statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2012 2014 Availability Interviews.
Variable
Constant 0.72 2.86 **Age of firm 0.01 1.21
Minority 0.25 0.68
Female 0.11 0.27
Coefficient Z Statistic
Variable
Constant 1.51 5.14 **Age of firm 0.04 4.15 **Minority 0.33 0.84
Female 0.06 0.14
Coefficient Z Statistic
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 15
Business Closures, Expansions, and Contractions—
—
Business closures.
Overall rates of business closures in Washington.
BBC
FiguRat
Note
Sourc
Rat
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 14.tes of busines
e: Data refer onlyresults cannot b
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20Office of Advoc
tes of busines
CONSULTING—
s closure, 200
to non publicly heldbe determined. How
010. “Race/Ethnicityacy. Washington D.C
ss closures by
FINAL REPORT
02 through 20
businesses only. Asever, statistics are co
y and Establishment DC.
y industry.
—
T
006, Washingt
sample sizes are notonsistent with SBA d
Dynamics, 2002 2006
ton and the U
t reported, statisticaata quality guideline
6.” U.S. Small Busine
A
.S.
l significance of theses.
ess Administration
APPENDIX H, PAG
e
—
GE 16
BBC
FiguRatpro
Note
Sourc
Uns
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 15.tes of businesofessional, scie
e: Data refer onlycannot be dete
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20of Advocacy. W
successful clo
CONSULTING—
s closure, 200entific, and te
to non publicly heldrmined; however, sta010. “Race/Ethnicity
Washington D.C.
osures.
FINAL REPORT
02 through 20echnical servic
businesses. As sampatistics are consisteny and Establishment D
T
006, constructces; and all in
ple sizes are not repont with SBA data quaDynamics, 2002 2006
ion;dustries in th
orted, statistical signlity guidelines.6.” U.S. Small Busine
Journal of B
A
e U.S.
nificance of these res
ess Administration Of
Business & Econom
APPENDIX H, PAG
sults
ffice
mic Statistics
GE 17
BBC
FiguUns
Sourc
lead
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 16.successful clo
ce: U.S. Census
ding to surviving a
CONSULTING—
osure rates for
Bureau, 1996 Charac
and closing succes
FINAL REPORT
r businesses t
cteristics of Business
ssfully
T
hat closed be
Owners Survey (CBO
etween 1992 a
O).
A
and 1995 in th
—
Busine
APPENDIX H, PAG
he U.S.
ess Success: Factor
GE 18
rs
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 19
Reasons for differences in unsuccessful closure rates.
Ibid.
BBC
Exp
Exp
FiguPer
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
pansions an
pansions.
ure H 17.rcentage of bu
e: Data refer onlycannot be dete
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20of Advocacy. W
CONSULTING—
nd contracti
usinesses that
to non publicly heldrmined. However, th
010. “Race/EthnicityWashington D.C.
FINAL REPORT
ions.
t expanded, 2
businesses. As samphe reported statistics
y and Establishment D
T
2002 through 2
ple sizes are not repos are consistent with
Dynamics, 2002 2006
2006
orted, statistical signSBA data quality gui
6.” U.S. Small Busine
A
nificance of those residelines.
ess Administration Of
APPENDIX H, PAG
sults
ffice
GE 20
BBC
FiguPerpro
Note
Sourc
Con
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 18.rcentage of buofessional, scie
e: Data refer onlycannot be dete
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20of Advocacy. W
ntractions.
CONSULTING—
usinesses expaentific, and te
to non publicly heldrmined; however, sta
010. “Race/EthnicityWashington D.C.
FINAL REPORT
anding, 2002echnical servic
businesses. As sampatistics are consisten
y and Establishment D
T
through 2006ces; and all in
ple sizes are not repont with SBA data qua
Dynamics, 2002 2006
6, U.S. construdustries
orted, statistical signlity guidelines.
6.” U.S. Small Busine
A
uction;
nificance of these res
ess Administration Of
APPENDIX H, PAG
sults
ffice
GE 21
BBC
FiguPer
Note
Sourc
FiguRatpro
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 19.rcentage of bu
e: Data refer onlycannot be dete
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20of Advocacy. W
ure H 20.tes of businesofessional, scie
e: Data refer onlycannot be dete
ce: Lowrey, Ying. 20of Advocacy. W
CONSULTING—
usinesses cont
to non publicly heldrmined; however, sta
010. “Race/EthnicityWashington D.C.
s contraction,entific and tec
to non publicly heldrmined; however, sta
010. “Race/EthnicityWashington D.C.
FINAL REPORT
tracting, 2002
businesses. As sampatistics are consisten
y and Establishment D
, 2002 througchnical servic
businesses. As sampatistics are consisten
y and Establishment D
T
2 through 200
ple sizes are not repont with SBA data qua
Dynamics, 2002 2006
gh 2006, U.S. ces; and all ind
ple sizes are not repont with SBA data qua
Dynamics, 2002 2006
06
orted, statistical signlity guidelines.
6.” U.S. Small Busine
construction;dustries
orted, statistical signlity guidelines.
6.” U.S. Small Busine
A
nificance of these res
ess Administration Of
nificance of these res
ess Administration Of
APPENDIX H, PAG
sults
ffice
sults
ffice
GE 22
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 23
Business Receipts and Earnings
Business receipts.
21
Receipts for all businesses.
BBC
FiguMe(thobusracgen
Note
Inclufirmscompclassgendrepothese
RaciaMetrbothraciaincluthe "showUnite(raciaAme
Estimfirmsby thstand
Sourc
2007of thEcon
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 21.ean annual recousands) for asinesses, bye/ethnicity annder of owner
e:
des employer and nos. Does not include ppanies or other firmsifiable by race/ethnider. Because samplerted, statistical signife results cannot be d
al categories in the Seropolitan Area are norace and ethnicity. Al categories shown fode Hispanic Americarace and ethnicity" c
wn for both Washingted States are mutualal categories excludericans).
mates for Black Amers in Washington werehe SBO because publdards were not met.
ce:
7 Survey of Business Oe U.S. Census Bureauomic Census.
CONSULTING—
ceiptsall
ndrs, 2007
on employerublicly tradeds notcity andsizes are notficance ofdetermined.
eattleot available byAs such, theor Seattle mayns. However,categorieston and thely exclusivee Hispanic
rican ownede suppressedication
Owners, partu’s 2007
FINAL REPORTT AAPPENDIX H, PAGGE 24
BBC
FiguMe(thoembygen
Note
IncluDoescompclassgendrepothese
RaciaareaethnshowAmeethnWashmutuexclu
Estimbusinsupppubli
Sourc
2007part2007
Rec
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 22.ean annual recousands) forployer businerace/ethnicitynder of owner
e:
des only employer bs not include publiclypanies or other businifiable by race/ethnider. As sample sizes arted, statistical signife results cannot be d
al categories in the Seare not available byicity. As such, the racwn for Seattle may inricans. However, theicity" categories showhington and the Unitually exclusive (racialude Hispanic America
mates for Black Amernesses in Washingtonressed by the SBO beication standards we
ce:
7 Survey of Business Oof the U.S. Census Bu7 Economic Census
ceipts by indu
CONSULTING—
ceipts
esses,y andrs, 2007
businesses.y tradednesses notcity andare notficance ofdetermined.
eattle metroboth race andcial categoriesclude Hispanice "race andwn for bothted States arel categoriesans).
rican ownedn wereecauseere not met.
Owners,ureau’s
ustry.
FINAL REPORTT AAPPENDIX H, PAGGE 25
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 26
Construction.
Professional, scientific, and technical services.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 27
Figure H 23.Mean annual receipts (thousands) for businesses in the construction and professional, scientificand technical services industries, by race/ethnicity and gender of owners, 2007
Notes: Does not include publicly traded companies or other businesses not classifiable by race/ethnicity and gender. As sample sizes are notreported, statistical significance of these results cannot be determined.
Racial categories in the Seattle metro area are not available by both race and ethnicity. As such, the racial categories shown for Seattlemay include Hispanic Americans. However, the "race and ethnicity" categories shown for both Washington and the United States aremutually exclusive (racial categories exclude Hispanic Americans).
Source: 2007 Survey of Business Owners, part of the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2007 Economic Census.
Ethnicity
Hispanic American $264 $97 $783 $576Non Hispanic American $892 $209 $2,125 $936
Race
Black American $246 $63 $1,082 $475Asian American $410 $136 $1,203 $625American Indian and Alaska Native $534 $98 $1,360 $1,029Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander $169 $75 $408 $571White $901 $215 $2,132 $954
Gender
Female $625 $95 $1,820 $509Male $944 $304 $2,436 $1,157
Race and Ethnicity
Black American $207 $71 $908 $489Asian American $405 $139 $1,103 $637Hispanic American $251 $85 $644 $466American Indian and Alaska Native $694 $94 $1,788 $858Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander $153 $77 $364 $576Non Hispanic White $718 $181 $1,674 $772
Gender
Female $556 $80 $1,475 $435Male $748 $256 $1,911 $957
Race and Ethnicity
Black American $107 $78 $1,069 $717Asian American $273 $201 $1,533 $950Hispanic American $167 $121 $1,083 $693American Indian and Alaska Native $262 $116 $1,390 $630Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander $363 $187 $1,628 $1,148Non Hispanic White $502 $213 $1,850 $869
Gender
Female $361 $98 $1,625 $543Male $480 $276 $2,008 $1,031
Washington
United States
All firms Employer firms
ConstructionProfessional,scientific &
technical servicesConstruction
Professional,scientific &
technical services
Seattle Metropolitan Area
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 28
Business earnings.
Construction business owner earnings, 1999.
BBC
FiguMeowcon199
Note
The sage 1earniincluAmeAmeminorace/analy
All am
*,**diffeminowomlevel
Sourc
BBCU.S. Cextraproghttp:
Con
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 24.ean annual buner earnings instruction ind99
e:
sample universe is bu16 and over who repings. “Non Hispanic mdes Black Americansricans, Subcontinentricans, Native Ameriority groups. Sample/ethnicity groups weyze individually.
mounts in 1999 dolla
Denotes statisticallyrences from non Hisority groups) or frommen) at the 90% and 9, respectively.
ce:
Research & ConsultinCensus 5% sample. Tact was obtained throram of the MN Popu//usa.ipums.org/usa
nstruction bu
CONSULTING—
sinessin theustry,
usiness ownersorted positiveminority”s, Asian Pacifict Asiancans and othersizes for thesere too small to
ars.
significantpanic whites (formen (for95% confidence
ng from 2000The raw dataough the IPUMSlation Center:a/.
usiness owne
FINAL REPORT
r earnings, 20
T
008 2011.
AAPPENDIX H, PAGGE 29
BBC
FiguMeowcon200
Note
The sownerepoHispaAmeSubcNativgrourace/to an
All am
*,**diffewhitemen95%
Sourc
BBC2009was oprogCent
Eng
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 25.ean annual buner earnings instruction ind08 through 20
e:
sample universe is buers age 16 and over wrted positive earninganic minority” includricans, Asian Pacific Aontinent Asian Amerve Americans and othps. Sample sizes for t/ethnicity groups wenalyze individually.
mounts in 2011 dolla
Denotes statisticallyrences from non Hises (for minority grou(for women) at the 9confidence level, res
ce:
Research & Consultin9 2011 ACS. The rawobtained through theram of the MN Popuer: http://usa.ipums
gineering bus
CONSULTING—
sinessin theustry,011
usinesswhogs. “Nones BlackAmericans,ricans,her minoritythesere too small
ars.
significantpanicps) or from90% andspectively.
ng fromdata extracte IPUMSlation.org/usa/.
siness owner
FINAL REPORT
earnings, 19
T
99.
AAPPENDIX H, PAGGE 30
BBC
FiguMe
Note
Sourc
Eng
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 26.ean annual bu
e: The sample univAll amounts in 1** Denotes statthe 90% and 95
ce: BBC Research &of the MN Popu
gineering bus
CONSULTING—
siness owner
verse is business ow1999 dollars.tistically significant d5% confidence level,
& Consulting from 20ulation Center: http:/
siness owner
FINAL REPORT
earnings in th
ners age 16 and ove
differences from nonrespectively.
000 U.S. Census 5% sa//usa.ipums.org/usa/
earnings, 20
T
he engineerin
r who reported posit
Hispanic whites (for
ample. The raw data/.
08 2011.
ng industry, 19
tive earnings.
r minority groups) or
extract was obtaine
A
999
r from men (for wom
ed through the IPUM
APPENDIX H, PAG
men) at
MS program
GE 31
BBC
FiguMe
Note
Sourc
Reg
Disa
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 27.ean annual bu
e: The sample univ** Denotes stat90% and 95% co
ce: BBC Research &Population Cen
gression anal
advantaged Busine
CONSULTING—
siness owner
verse is business owtistically significant donfidence level, resp
& Consulting from 20ter: http://usa.ipum
lyses of busin
ess Enterprise Ava
FINAL REPORT
earnings in th
ners age 16 and ovedifferences from nonpectively.
009 2011 ACS. The ras.org/usa/.
ness earnings
ailability Study
T
he engineerin
r who reported positHispanic whites (for
w data extract was o
s.
Disa
ng industry, 20
tive earnings. All amr minority groups) or
obtained through the
advantaged Busine
A
008 through 2
ounts in 2011 dollarsr from men (for wom
e IPUMS program of
ess Enterprise Ava
APPENDIX H, PAG
2011
s.men) at the
the MN
ailability Study
GE 32
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 33
Construction industry.
Figure H 28.Seattle Metropolitan Areaconstruction business owner earningsmodel, 1999
Note:
*,** Denotes statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence level, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from the 2000 U.S. Census 5%sample. The raw data extract was obtained through theIPUMS program of the MN Population Center:http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Variable
Constant 9.759 **
Age 0.036
Age squared 0.001 *
Married 0.149
Speaks English well 0.040
Disabled 0.275
Less than high school 0.263
Some college 0.169
Four year degree 0.024
Advanced degree 0.005
Hispanic American 0.217
Non Hispanic Minority 0.245
Female 0.133
Coefficient
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 34
Figure H 29.Seattle Metropolitan Areaconstruction business owner earningsmodel, 2008 2011
Note:
*,** Denotes statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence level, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2009 2011 ACS. The rawdata extract was obtained through the IPUMS program ofthe MN Population Center: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Engineering industry.
Variable
Constant 4.596 **Age 0.180 **Age squared 0.002 **Married 0.728 **Speaks English well 0.309Disabled 0.511 *Less than high school 0.054Some college 0.352 *Four year degree 0.398Advanced degree 0.117Hispanic American 0.267Non Hispanic Minority 0.027Female 0.161
Coefficient
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 35
Figure H 30.National engineering industrybusiness owner earnings model, 1999
Note:
*,** Denotes statistical significance at the 90% and 95%confidence level, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2000 U.S. Census 5%sample. The raw data extract was obtained through theIPUMS program of the MN Population Center:http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Variable
Constant 7.378 **Age 0.120 **Age squared 0.001 **Married 0.129 **Speaks English well 0.088Disabled 0.514 **Less than high school 0.171Some college 0.054Four year degree 0.279 **Advanced degree 0.341 **Hispanic American 0.153Black American 0.419 **Native American 0.512 *Asian Pacific American 0.022Subcontinent Asian American 0.333Other minority 0.471 **Female 0.746 **Seattle Metro Area 0.081Minority in the Seattle Metro Area 0.397Female in the Seattle Metro Area 0.342
Coefficient
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING— FINAL REPORT APPENDIX H, PAGE 36
Figure H 31.National engineering industrybusiness owner earnings model,2008 2011
Note:
*,** Denotes statistical significance at the 90% and95% confidence level, respectively.
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from 2009 2011 ACS. Theraw data extract was obtained through the IPUMSprogram of the MN Population Center:http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Gross revenue of construction and construction related professional services firmsfrom availability interviews
Construction.
Variable
Constant 6.230 **Age 0.103 **Age squared 0.001 **Married 0.319 **Speaks English well 1.200 **Disabled 0.397 **Less than high school 0.103Some college 0.073Four year degree 0.347 **Advanced degree 0.539 **Hispanic American 0.178African American 0.264Native American 0.312Asian Pacific American 0.033Subcontinent Asian American 0.624Other minority 0.574Female 0.533 **Seattle MSA 0.105Minority in Seattle MSA 0.032Female in Seattle MSA 0.758 **
Coefficient
BBC
FiguGrocon
Note
Sourc
Con
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 32.oss revenue onstruction ind
e: WBE is white wTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
nstruction re
CONSULTING—
f company foustry
women owned firms.add to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
elated profess
FINAL REPORT
r all Seattle M
ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
sional service
T
Metropolitan A
y Interviews.
es.
Area locations
A
s,
APPENDIX H, PAGGE 37
BBC
FiguGrocon
Note
Sourc
Po
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 33.oss revenue onstruction rela
e: WBE is white wTotal may not a
ce: BBC Research &
otential Ba
CONSULTING—
f company foated professio
women owned firms.add to 100 percent d
& Consulting from 20
rriers to St
FINAL REPORT
r all Seattle Monal services
ue to rounding.
012 2014 Availability
tarting or
T
Metropolitan Aindustry
y Interviews.
Expanding
Area locations
g Business
A
s,
es
APPENDIX H, PAGGE 38
BBC
FiguResMepro
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 34.sponses to avaetropolitan Arofessional serv
e: “WBE” represenwhite male own
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
ailability interea MBE, WBEvices firms
nts white women owned firms.
& Consulting.
FINAL REPORT
rview questioE, and majorit
wned firms, “MBE” re
T
ons from the Sy owned cons
epresents minority o
Seattlestruction and
owned firms and “Ma
A
construction
ajority owned” repre
APPENDIX H, PAG
related
esents non Hispanic
GE 39
BBC
FiguResMB(yo
Note
Sourc
C RESEARCH & C
ure H 35.sponses to avaBE, WBE, and mung firms)
e: “WBE” represenwhite male own
ce: BBC Research &
CONSULTING—
ailability intermajority own
nts white women owned firms.
& Consulting.
FINAL REPORT
rview questioned constructi
wned firms, “MBE” re
T
ons from the Son and constr
epresents minority o
Seattle Metroruction relate
owned firms and “Ma
A
opolitan Areaed professiona
ajority owned” repre
APPENDIX H, PAG
al services firm
esents non Hispanic
GE 40
ms
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 1
APPENDIX I.Description of Data Sources forMarketplace Analyses
U.S. Census Bureau PUMS Data
IntegratedPublic Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 2
2000 Census and 2009 2011 ACS.
3
Categorizing individual race/ethnicity.
Design and Methodology: American Community Survey
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 3
Education variables.
4
Home ownership and home value.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 4
Definition of workers.
Business ownership.
Figure I 1.Class of worker variablecode in the 2000 Censusand 2009 2011 ACS
Source:
BBC Research & Consulting from theIPUMS program:http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Description2000 Census and2009 2011 ACS
CLASSWKRD codes
N/A 0
Self employed, not incorporated 13
Self employed, incorporated 14
Wage/salary, private 22
Wage/salary at non profit 23
Federal government employee 25
State government employee 27
Local government employee 28
Unpaid family worker 29
Business earnings.
Study industries.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 5
Figure I 2.2000 Census industry codes used for construction and engineering related services
Study industry
2000Census
IND codes
2009 2011ACS
IND codes Description
Construction 77 770 Construction industry
Engineering related services 729 7290 Architectural, engineering and related services
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from the IPUMS program: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Industry occupations.
Figure I 3.2000 Census and 2009 2011 ACS occupation codes used to examine workers in construction
Census 2000 and 20092011 ACS occupationaltitle and code Job description
Construction managers
2000 Code: 22
2009 11 Code: 220
Plan, direct, coordinate, or budget, usually through subordinate supervisorypersonnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance ofstructures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of aconstruction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, and implementation.Include specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing. Includegeneral superintendents, project managers, and constructors who manage,coordinate, and supervise the construction process.
First line supervisors ofconstruction trades andextraction workers
2000 Code: 620
2009 11 Code: 6200
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of construction or extractionworkers.
Brickmasons, Blockmasonsand Stonemasons
2000 Code: 622
2009 11 Code: 6220
Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinderblock, glass block, and terra cotta block, Construct or repair walls, partitions,arches, sewers, and other structures. Build stone structures, such as piers, walls,and abutments and lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats,tanks, and floors.
Carpenters
2000 Code: 623
2009 11 Code: 6230
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood, such asconcrete forms, building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, rafters,wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 6
Figure I 3 (continued).2000 Census and 2009 2011 ACS occupation codes used to examine workers in construction
Census 2000 and 20092011 ACS occupationaltitle and code Job description
Carpet, floor, and tileinstallers and finishers
2000 Code: 624
2009 11 Code: 6240
Apply shock absorbing, sound deadening, or decorative coverings to floors. Laycarpet on floors and install padding and trim flooring materials. Scrape and sandwooden floors to smooth surfaces, apply coats of finish. Apply hard tile, marble,wood tile, walls, floors, ceilings, and roof decks.
Cement masons, concretefinishers and terrazzoworkers
2000 Code: 625
2009 11 Code: 6250
Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks,or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks,curbs or gutters; patch voids; use saws to cut expansion joints. Terrazzo workersapply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment or marble chips to floors, stairways,and cabinet fixtures.
Construction laborers
2000 Code: 626
2009 11 Code: 6260
Perform tasks involving physical labor at building, highway, and heavyconstruction projects, tunnel and shaft excavations, and demolition sites. Mayoperate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cementmixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and avariety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, digtrenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, cleanup rubble and debris, and remove asbestos, lead, and other hazardous wastematerials. May assist other craft workers. Exclude construction laborers whoprimarily assist a particular craft worker, and classify them under "Helpers,Construction Trades."
Paving, surfacing andtamping equipmentoperators
2000 Code: 630
2009 11 Code: 6300
Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other materials toroad beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways, or equipment used fortamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Include concrete and asphalt pavingmachine operators, form tampers, tamping machine operators, and stonespreader operators.
Miscellaneous constructionequipment operators,including pile driveroperators
2000 Code: 632
2009 11 Code: 6320
Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motorgraders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, orfront end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pourconcrete or other hard surface pavement. Operate pile drivers mounted onskids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retainingwalls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures, such as buildings, bridges, andpiers.
Drywall installers, ceiling tileinstallers and tapers
2000 Code: 633
2009 11 Code: 6330
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior walls of buildings,mount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock absorbing materials toceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect sound.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 7
Figure I 3 (continued).2000 Census and 2009 2011 ACS occupation codes used to examine workers in construction
Census 2000 and 20092011 ACS occupationaltitle and code Job description
Electricians
2000 Code: 635
2009 11 Code: 6350, 6355
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensurethat work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service streetlights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems. Exclude "Security and FireAlarm Systems Installers." The 2000 category includes electrician apprentices.
Glaziers
2000 Code: 636
2009 11 Code: 6360
Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, display cases, building fronts,interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.
Painters, construction andmaintenance
2000 Code: 642
2009 11 Code: 6420
Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural surfaces, usingbrushes, rollers, and spray guns. Remove old paint to prepare surfaces prior topainting and mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or consistency.
Pipelayers, plumbers,pipefitters and steamfitters
2000 Code: 644
2009 11 Code: 6440
Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform anycombination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, orseal joints. Excludes "Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers." Assemble,install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, orother liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment andmechanical control systems. Includes sprinklerfitters.
Plasterers and stuccomasons
2000 Code: 646
2009 11 Code: 6460
Apply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, or similar materials and setornamental plaster.
Roofers
2000 Code: 651
2009 11 Code: 6510, 6515
Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, and wood.Spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, orsoundproof sections of structures
Iron and steel workers,including reinforcing ironand rebar workers
2000 Code: 653
2009 11 Code: 6530
Iron and steel workers raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, andother structural members to form completed structures or structuralframeworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metalbuildings. Reinforcing iron and rebar workers position and secure steel bars ormesh in concrete forms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety offasteners, rod bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. Include rodbusters.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 8
Figure I 3 (continued).2000 Census and 2009 2011 ACS occupation codes used to examine workers in construction
Census 2000 and 20092011 ACS occupationaltitle and code Job description
Helpers, construction trades
2000 Code: 660
2009 11 Code: 6600
All construction trades helpers not listed separately.
Driver/sales workers andtruck drivers
2000 Code: 913
2009 11 Code: 9130
Driver/sales workers drive trucks or other vehicles over established routes orwithin an established territory and sell goods, such as food products, includingrestaurant take out items, or pick up and deliver items, such as laundry. Mayalso take orders and collect payments. Include newspaper delivery drivers. Truckdrivers (heavy) drive a tractor trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of atleast 26,000 GVW, to transport and deliver goods, livestock, or materials inliquid, loose, or packaged form. May be required to unload truck. May requireuse of automated routing equipment. Requires commercial drivers' license.Truck drivers (light) drive a truck or van with a capacity of under 26,000 GVW,primarily to deliver or pick up merchandise or to deliver packages within aspecified area. May require use of automatic routing or location software. Mayload and unload truck. Exclude "Couriers and Messengers."
Crane and tower operators
2000 Code: 951
2009 11 Code: 9510
Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift andmove materials, machines, or products in many directions. Exclude "Excavatingand Loading Machine and Dragline Operators."
Dredge, excavating andloading machine operators
2000 Code: 952
2009 11 Code: 9520
Dredge operators operate dredge to remove sand, gravel, or other materialsfrom lakes, rivers, or streams; and to excavate and maintain navigable channelsin waterways. Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators Operateor tend machinery equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets, to excavate andload loose materials. Loading machine operators, underground mining, Operateunderground loading machine to load coal, ore, or rock into shuttle or mine caror onto conveyors. Loading equipment may include power shovels, hoistingengines equipped with cable drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equippedwith gathering arms and conveyor.
Source: 2000 Census occupational titles and codes at http://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/00occup.shtml, 1980, job descriptions from the Bureau of LaborStatistics www.bls.gov.
1980 Census data.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 9
Changes in race/ethnicity categories between censuses.
Business ownership. —
Changes in industry codes between Censuses.
Geographic variables.
Changes in educational variables between Censuses.
6
Census 2000 Brief
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 10
Figure I 4.BBC racial/ethnic categories compared with Census race and Hispanic Origin survey questions
BBC racial/ethniccategories 2000 Census 1980 Census
Black American Hispanic origin: no
Race: Black/Negro alone or in combination with any othernon Hispanic group
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Black/Negro
Asian PacificAmerican
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean,Vietnamese, Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Indonesian,Malaysian, Samoan, Tongan, Polynesian, Pacific Islander,Guamanian/Chamorro, Micronesian, Melanesian, or otherAsian, either alone or in combination with any non Hispanic,non Black, or non Native American groups
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Chinese, Japanese,Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese,Pacific Islander or otherAsian
Subcontinent AsianAmerican
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Asian Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani or Sri Lankan,alone or in combination with white or other groups only
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Asian Indian
Hispanic American Hispanic origin: yes
Race: any race groups, alone or in combination with othergroups
Hispanic origin: yes
Race: any
or
Hispanic origin: no
Race: Spanish
Native American Hispanic origin: no
Race: American Indian or Alaskan Native tribe or NativeHawaiian, identified alone or in combination with any nonHispanic, non Black group
Hispanic origin: no
Race: AmericanIndian/Alaska Native orNative Hawaiian
Other minoritygroup
Hispanic origin: no
Race: other race alone or in combination with white only
Hispanic origin: no
Race: other race
Non Hispanic white Hispanic origin: no
Race: white alone
Hispanic origin: no
Race: white
Source: BBC Research & Consulting from the IPUMS program: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
Survey of Small Business Finances (SSBF)
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 11
Data for 1998.
Categorizing owner race/ethnicity and gender.
Defining selected industry sectors.
Survey of Small Business Finances, 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances, 2003
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 12
Region variables.
Loan denial variables.
Data for 2003.
Population differences.
Variable differences.
—
Data reporting.
2003 Survey of Small BusinessFinances.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 13
—
Survey of Business Owners (SBO)
Alternative Methods of Unit Nonresponse Weight Adjustments: AnApplication from the 2003 Survey of Small Businesses
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX I, PAGE 14
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 1
APPENDIX J.Qualitative Information from Personal Interviews,Public Hearings, and Other Meetings
A. Introduction and Background
B. Background on the Contracting Industry in the Seattle Metropolitan Area,
C. Doing Business as a Prime Contractor or as a Subcontractor,
D. Keys to Business Success,
E. Potential Barriers to Doing Business with Public Agencies,
F. Allegations of Unfair Treatment,
G. Additional Information Regarding any Race or Gender based Discrimination,
H. Insights Regarding Race and Gender Neutral Measures,
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 2
I. Insights Regarding Race or Gender based Measures,
J. DBE and other Certification Processes,
A. Introduction and Background
In depth personal interviews.
—
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 3
Information from public hearings.
Trade association meetings.
Written testimony.
B. Background on the Contracting Industry in the Seattle Metropolitan Area
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 4
How businesses become established.
Many firm owners worked in the industry before starting their own businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 5
Multiple interviewees indicated that relationships among family members were instrumental inestablishing their construction businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 6
Changes in types of work that businesses perform.
Some interviewees explained that perceived incentives for MBE/WBEs was one factor thatencouraged starting those businesses.
Fluid employment size of businesses.
A number of companies reported that they expand and contract their employment size depending onwork opportunities, season, or market conditions. Examples of those comments include the following:
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 7
Some interviewees said that they had reduced permanent staff because of poor market conditions.For example:
Flexibility of businesses to perform different types and sizes of contracts in different partsof the state.
Many firm owners reported flexibility in the locations and sizes of contracts that their firms perform.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 8
Other companies said that they prefer to perform projects close to their businesses, but will travel toworksites when necessary.
Some firm owners indicated that their companies perform both small and large contracts. Forexample:
Some business owners noted that their financial resources affected how large of contracts on whichthey typically bid:
Other business owners reported that they typically only perform small contracts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 9
Some companies reported that they work in several different fields, or that they had changed primarylines of work over time. For example:
Local effects of the economic downturn.
Most interviewees indicated that market conditions since 2008 have made it difficult to stay inbusiness.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 10
Many business owners and managers said they have seen much more competition during theeconomic downturn.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 11
According to interviewees, a few businesses may have survived because they were well capitalizedgoing into the economic downturn.
A few business owners and managers said that their companies did not see a decline in work due tothe economic downturn.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 12
Current economic conditions.
One interviewee said that current economic conditions are not favorable for his business.
Business owners’ experiences pursuing public and private sector work.
Most interviewees indicated that their firms conduct both public sector and private sector work.
A number of interviewees noted that the slowdown in private sector work resulted in morecompanies pursuing public sector work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 13
Some interviewees reported that they preferred private sector work over public sector work. Some ofthe comments indicated that performing private sector contracts is easier, more profitable, and morestraightforward than performing public sector contacts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 15
Several interviewees indicated there was less paperwork in the private sector than in the publicsector, making private sector work more appealing.
Some interviewees said that prevailing wage requirements on public sector work made private sectorcontracts more attractive for their companies.
Some interviewees said that current market conditions are such that there are more bidders ongovernment contracts and that competitors sometimes submit low ball bids on public sector work.
Other interviewees preferred obtaining public sector contracts because they were more certain thatthey would be paid.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 16
Some interviewees said that they worked primarily in the public sector because the type of work theydo only exists there.
Some interviewees said that they preferred public sector work because it is more profitable.
Some DBE certified interviewees said that almost all of their work comes from the public sector, andthat it is hard to obtain private sector work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 17
One interviewee said that pursuing private sector work in addition to her public sector contracts wasdifficult because she was a union employer.
Some firms reported that they primarily conduct private sector work and have attempted to obtainpublic sector contracts, but without success.
Some interviewees with experience in both the private and public sectors identified advantages anddisadvantages of private sector and public sector work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 19
C. Doing Business as a Prime Contractor or as a Subcontractor
Mix of prime contract and subcontract work.
The study team interviewed many firms that primarily work as subcontractors but on occasion alsowork as prime contractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 20
Some firms reported that they primarily work as subcontractors because doing so fits the types ofwork that they typically perform.
Some business owners and managers said that they mostly work as subcontractors because theycannot bid on the size and scope of the entire project or find it difficult compete with larger firms forthose prime contracts.
A few firm owners said that significant barriers to bidding as a prime contractor were the reason theirfirms primarily performed as subcontractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 21
Some business owners and managers said that they mostly work as prime contractors and prefer todo so.
A few business owners said that their work is fairly evenly split between prime contracts andsubcontracts.
Prime contractors’ decisions to subcontract work.
Some prime contractors say that they usually perform all of the work or subcontract very little of aproject.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 22
Many interviewees from companies that use subcontractors indicated that they use the firms withwhich they have an existing relationship.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 23
Some interviewees said there were subcontractors they would not work with.
Some interviewees described how there are similarities and differences between considering DBEsand considering other firms as subcontractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 25
Some business owners indicated that they based the selection of subcontractors on low bid or onqualities that gave a team the best opportunity to win a contract.
Some owners and managers of MBE/WBE/DBE prime contractors said they seek out otherMBE/WBE/DBE firms or small businesses as subcontractors on their projects.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 26
Most interviewees whose firms work as subcontractors reported that they rarely hire second tiersubcontractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 27
Subcontractors’ preferences to do business with certain prime contractors and avoidothers.
Interviewees frequently mentioned speed and reliability of payment as the main consider indetermining their preference for certain prime contractors and their avoidance of others.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 28
In addition to prompt payment for their work, many firm owners and managers said that theypreferred prime contractors that are organized and easy to deal with; maintain safe worksites; andtreat them fairly.
Some subcontractors said that they had good experiences working with DBE/MBE/WBE primecontractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 29
One firm that had been a subcontractor to a DBE prime contractor said that the prime contractor hadsome difficulties with the project.
A number of business owners and managers said that certain prime contractors had treated themunfairly, and they now avoided them.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 30
Subcontractors’ methods for obtaining work from prime contractors.
Some business owners and managers rely on repeat customers and word of mouth to obtain workfrom prime contractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 31
Similarly, some business owners said that it was very difficult to solicit business from certain primecontractors because those contractors are going to automatically use the subcontractors they alreadyknow.
One subcontractor said that the owner of a contract had a lot of influence in getting him work on acontract.
Some business owners said that they actively market to prime contractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 32
Some business owners said that they are routinely solicited for bids from prime contractors and donot need to proactively market to them.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 33
D. Keys to Business Success
Employees.
Many interviewees indicated that high quality workers are a key to business success.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 34
Some business owners and managers said that it was difficult to find and hire skilled employees.
Some interviewees reported no barriers related to getting qualified personnel. E
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 35
Some business owners commented on what they saw as a declining quality of workers.
Some owners and managers said that being union employers helped them find workers.
Some business owners and managers said that they preferred to have control over employee hiring,or have had negative experiences with unions, and did not want to be union employers.
Other business owners do hire union workers but state that it is more difficult to work with them.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 36
Some firm owners and managers indicated that hiring and retaining employees was more difficult forsmall businesses than for larger companies.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 37
Equipment.
Some businesses reported that they own certain equipment and then rent larger pieces of equipmentthat they may need infrequently.
Other interviewees said that they own all their equipment.
Some interviewees stated that acquiring needed equipment is not a barrier.
Some companies, especially certain types of engineering firms, indicated that equipment is not abarrier because they require little equipment for their lines of work.
“
However, some business owners reported that obtaining expensive equipment is a barrier.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 38
Access to materials.
Some business owners and managers said that their ability to obtain credit or having sufficient cashon hand were factors in accessing materials and supplies, especially if they were not receiving timelypayment from customers or prime contractors.
In general, minority and female business owners did not report instances of racial or genderdiscrimination by suppliers.
Some interviewees discussed small businesses being charged more for supplies.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 39
Interviewees also mentioned the variability of materials prices as a barrier.
Obtaining inventory or other materials or supplies was not seen as a barrier to success by severalinterviewees.
Financing.
Many firm owners reported that obtaining financing was important in establishing and growing theirbusinesses (including financing for working capital and for equipment), and surviving poor marketconditions.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 40
Some firm owners and managers reported that obtaining financing was not a barrier, and some saidthat it was.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 41
Some interviewees said that they had difficulty obtaining financing when starting their companies,but that financing was no longer a barrier for them.
A number of business owners and managers said that obtaining financing continued to be a barrier fortheir companies.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 42
Some business owners explained the connection between personal assets and the ability to obtainfinancing.
Some minority and female business owners reported no instances of discrimination in obtainingfinancing.
However, some minority and female business owners indicated that race and gender discriminationaffects financing.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 43
Other firms said they weren’t sure if they had faced discrimination in obtaining financing.
Other factors.
A few business owners specifically mentioned the importance of a good reputation and strongrelationships with customers and other firms as factors that are essential for continued success.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 44
Related factors — discipline, perseverance, and attention to detail — were also mentioned by firmowners as keys to success.
E. Potential Barriers to Doing Business with Public Agencies
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 45
Learning about work and marketing.
Many business owners and managers reported that it is easy to market in general and, specifically, tolearn about public sector work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 46
Some small business owners said that it was more difficult for smaller firms to market and identifycontract opportunities.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 47
Bonding requirements and obtaining bonds.
Several interviewees reported little or no problem obtaining bonds, or that bonding was not an issue.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 48
Some subcontractors said that prime contractors do not require them to provide bonding.
One subcontractor said that prime contractors sometimes covered the bonds for his firm when itsubcontracts.
Engineering related companies reported that they are not affected by bonding requirements.
Some business owners and managers indicated that bonding requirements had adversely affectedtheir growth and opportunities to bid on public contracts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 50
Potential for discrimination against MBE/WBEs.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 51
Insurance requirements and obtaining insurance.
Many interviewees reported no instances in which insurance requirements and obtaining insurancewere barriers.
Many interviewees said that they could obtain insurance, but that the cost of obtaining it, especiallyfor small businesses, was a barrier.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 52
Some interviewees indicated that the cost of obtaining insurance was so high as to affect thecontracts that they pursued.
A few business owners noted that insurance requirements affected opportunities on subcontracts aswell as prime contracts.
One owner of a DBE certified business stated that insurance was more difficult for DBE firms becauseof a lack of history in the industry.
One manager of a WBE certified business stated that the crash of the market had made it moredifficult to obtain insurance.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 53
Prevailing wage requirements.
Some DBE certified firms said that project labor agreements on certain jobs presented a disadvantagefor DBEs and other small businesses that are not union employers.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 54
A few interviewees explained other barriers concerning union requirements, and other negativeexperiences.
Some business owners and managers said that being a non union company had not been a barrier toobtaining public sector projects.
Licenses and permits.
Many business owners and managers reported that obtaining licenses and permits was not a barrierto doing business.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 55
Some interviewees indicated that sometimes subcontractors can rely on prime contractors to obtainnecessary permits.
Some interviewees said that obtaining permits can be a barrier.
Other unnecessarily restrictive contract specifications.
Many owners and managers indicated that some specifications are overly restrictive and presentbarriers.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 56
Although also examined separately in Appendix J, indemnification and insurance requirements onpublic sector contracts were frequently mentioned as contract specifications that restricted access topublic work.
Some business owners and managers did not identify restrictive contract specifications as a barrier todoing business.
Bidding processes.
Many business owners said that bidding procedures presented a barrier to obtaining work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 58
Several interviewees reported no problems with the bidding process
Non price factors public agencies or others use to make contract awards.
Many business owners and managers had complaints about factors that public agencies use to makeawards.
Some business owners said that experience requirements were a barrier to doing business with publicagencies.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 59
Some interviewees reported no barriers related to experience and expertise.
Timely payment by the customer or prime.
Most interviewees said that slow payment by the customer or a prime contractor is an issue and canbe damaging to companies in construction and construction related professional services industries.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 61
A few interviewees identified problems with agencies, not prime contractors, paying on time
Interviewees were also concerned about timely payment for change orders on contracts.
A few business owners and managers said that payment was sometimes more difficult on privatesector contracts than public sector work.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 62
However, some other interviewees indicated that slow payment was much more of an issue on publicsector contracts.
A number of interviewees specifically mentioned “dishonesty” or unethical practices of primecontractors when discussing difficulty of being paid as a subcontractor.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 63
One interviewee explained the connection between slow payments and the ability to obtain financing
Potential for discrimination against MBE/WBEs.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 64
Some interviewees said that prime contractors did discriminate against minority owned firms.
One firm indicated timely payment was not an issue.
Taxes.
One interviewee indicated new taxes could present a barrier to subcontractors.
Experience with Port Processes.
A few firms commented that the Port’s bidding process was complicated and difficult.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 65
One firm noted it was harder to work with the Port compared to other public agencies.
One interviewee had mixed experiences working with the Port.
A few business owners felt that the Port continually awards contracts to the same firms.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 66
Several interviewees had comments about how small businesses are treated by the Port.
A few interviewees criticized the Port’s insurance requirements.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 67
One interviewee had several suggestions for how the Port can improve and simplify their operations.
One interviewee felt the Port’s website was difficult to navigate.
One interviewee praised the outreach efforts of the Port’s staff.
F. Allegations of Unfair Treatment
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 68
Bid shopping.
Many interviewees indicated that bid shopping was prevalent in the local construction industry.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 70
One interviewee reported that bid shopping occurs on public as well as private sector contracts.
Some owners of DBE certified firms said that prime contractors sometimes target DBEs for bidshopping.
No prime contractors reported that they practice bid shopping.
Some owners and managers reported that they do not see bid shopping, or that it is not a big issue.
Bid manipulation.
Many interviewees said that bid manipulation affected their industry, and that it was common.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 71
Some interviewees reported no experiences with bid manipulation.
Some interviewees indicated that they had been denied prime contracts or subcontracts, and thatthey thought it was due to discrimination or their DBE status.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 72
Potential for discrimination against minority and women owned subcontractors.
Some minority and female business owners indicated that prime contractors do discriminate againstMBE/WBES in their selection of subcontractors
Some minority and female interviewees report that there may be discrimination, but that primecontractors would not be blatant in any discrimination
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 73
Some business owners reported that they have been unfairly treated by prime contractors, but notedthat it would be hard to know if it was due to discrimination.
Treatment by prime contractors and customers during performance of the work.
Some business owners indicated that unfair treatment during performance of work had affected theirbusinesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 74
Some business owners and managers, including owners of DBE certified firms, said that demeaningbehavior and other unfair treatment precluded working for certain prime contractors.
Some interviewees indicated that unfair treatment was connected with their race/ethnicity or gender.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 75
Some owners and managers of MBE/WBEs reported that there were double standards forperformance of work that adversely affected their companies
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 76
One firm that works mostly as a prime discussed the issue.
Some interviewees did not think that treatment by prime contractors was a barrier for their firms.
Unfavorable work environment for minorities or women.
Some interviewees reported differential treatment of women on worksites.
Some interviewees indicated that there was harassment of minorities on jobsites.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 77
Some interviewees said that they that had not experienced unfavorable work environments.
Approval of work by prime contractors and customers.
Some interviewees identify difficulty with approval of work by prime contractors or customers.
Some interviewees did not indicate that the approval of work by prime contractors or customersduring performance of work is a barrier.
G. Additional Information Regarding any Racial/ethnic or Gender basedDiscrimination
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 78
Stereotypical attitudes about minorities and women (or MBE/WBE/DBEs).
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 79
Some interviewees indicated that negative stereotypes had to do with being a small business.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 80
Some interviewees reported no instances of stereotypical attitudes on the part of customers orbuyers.
“Good ol’ boy” network or other closed networks.
Those who reported the existence of a good ol’ boy network included minority, female, and Caucasianmale interviewees.
Some minority and female interviewees indicated that the good ol’ boy network adversely affectstheir businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 81
Some minority and female business owners and managers said that there was a good ol’ boy network,but they have, over time, been able to enter the group or form their own groups.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 82
Some interviewees reported they were not affected by any good ol’ boy network or other closednetworks or that the good ol’ boy network no longer exists.
Other allegations of discriminatory treatment.
Some interviewees had other comments about what they perceived as discrimination againstminorities or women
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 83
H. Insights Regarding Race and Gender Neutral Measures
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 84
Technical assistance and support services.
Some business owners and managers thought technical assistance and support services would behelpful.
Some business owners and managers reported being aware of technical assistance and supportservices programs and having used them.
Some interviewees recommended specific technical assistance topics.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 85
Some firm owners and managers recommended against such programs because they thought thatsmall businesses should access any assistance on their own.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 86
One business owner thought the usefulness would depend on what the contractor received theassistance for.
Some business owners and managers said that generalized technical assistance would help firms, butothers said that it could actually be harmful.
On the job training programs.
Some interviewees said that on the job training would be useful in certain settings.
Mentor protégé relationships.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 87
There were many comments from interviewees in support of mentor protégé programs.
Other business owners and managers had criticisms of mentor protégé programs.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 88
Joint venture relationships.
Some of the business owners and managers interviewed had favorable comments about joint ventureprograms.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 89
Some interviewees expressed negative comments and anecdotes about joint venture programs
Financing assistance.
Many business owners and managers indicated that financing assistance would be helpful.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 90
Some business owners and managers had attempted to use or were aware of financing assistanceprograms and had negative comments.
Bonding assistance.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 91
Many business owners and managers indicated that bonding assistance would be helpful.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 92
Some business owners said that they did not have difficulties dealing with bonding.
Assistance in obtaining business insurance.
Some business owners and managers recommended assistance in obtaining business insurance.
Some interviewees indicated that assistance in obtaining business insurance was not needed.
Assistance in using emerging technology.
Many business owners said that assistance using emerging technology would be helpful.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 93
One interviewee had accessed available training and was critical of the service
Other small business start up assistance.
Some business owners and managers specifically mentioned marketing assistance
Other business owners and managers said that assistance with regulations and paperwork wasneeded for start ups
In response to the question concerning start up assistance, some business owners pointed to servicesthat are now offered.
However, some business owners expressed some cautions about business assistance
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 94
Information on public agency contracting procedures and bidding opportunities.
Many business owners and managers reported that they were already receiving information onbidding opportunities or knew how to search for them.
A number of interviewees suggested that public agencies better coordinate how they provideinformation about contract opportunities
One interviewee cautioned that obtaining information when public agencies publicly announcebidding opportunities may not be helpful because it is then too late in the process
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 95
On line registration with a public agency as a potential bidder.
A number of interviewees said their companies were already participating in on line bidderregistration systems
Related to online registration, some business owners and managers discussed their experienceconcerning electronic rosters for small public agency projects
Several interviewees said they preferred centralized, online registration systems for public projects
Hard copy or electronic directory of potential subcontractors.
Some business owners pointed out existing resources
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 96
A few business owners strongly recommended electronic directories
Pre bid conferences where subs can meet primes.
Some business owners and managers said that they did not have time to attend the meetings or thatthe meetings needed better scheduling.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 97
A few interviewees had mixed feelings about pre bid conferences.
A few interviewees did not think that pre bid meetings were useful
Distribution of lists of planholders or other lists of possible prime bidders to potentialsubcontractors.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 98
Some interviewee discussed the services that were already available
Other agency outreach, such as vendor fairs and events.
Examples of positive comments about agency outreach events include the following
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 99
A number of business owners and managers indicated that outreach events were not useful
Streamlining/simplification of bidding procedures.
One business owner made specific comments about streamlined reporting requirements or reducedpaperwork
Some interviewees indicated that they thought that bidding procedures were already streamlined, orthat further streamlining was not needed
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 100
Breaking up large contracts into smaller pieces.
Most business owners and managers interviewed indicated that breaking up large contracts intosmaller components would be helpful.
A few business owners saw both positive and negative aspects of unbundling contracts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 101
One business owner said unbundling would not impact his business.
Price or evaluation preferences for small businesses.
Many interviewees said that price or evaluation preferences for small business would be helpful.
Some interviewees identified advantages and disadvantages with preferences for small businesses
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 102
A few business owners did not support price or evaluation preferences for small business
Small business set asides.
Most business owners and managers supported small business set asides.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 103
Some business owners and managers generally supported small business set asides but expressedsome reservations about the concept.
Mandatory subcontracting minimums.
Some firms thought a mandatory subcontracting minimum program would be useful.
Some business owners and managers had reservations concerning a mandatory subcontractingminimum program.
Some interviewees did not like the idea of mandatory subcontracting minimums or did not think itwould be effective.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 104
Small business subcontracting goals.
Many business owners and managers indicated that small business subcontracting goals would behelpful.
Some business owners had concerns about the effectiveness of a small business goals program.
Other business owners recommended against a small business subcontracting goals programs.
Formal complaint/grievance procedures.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 105
Many business owners and managers said the formal complaint and grievance procedures would be abenefit.
Some business owners and managers did not believe complaint or grievance processes were available,or they believed that existing processes could be improved.
Other business owners reported that they had used existing processes and did not find them to behelpful.
One interviewee commented that processes had not worked in the past but they were improving.
Other measures.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 106
I. Insights Regarding Race or Gender based Measures
.
Support for race /ethnicity or gender based measures.
Some individuals had positive comments about DBE contract goals and the Federal DBE Programoverall.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 108
Negativity towards race /ethnicity or gender based measures.
Some interviewees said that race and gender based programs should be discontinued or substantiallychanged.
Criticism for aspects of the Implementation of the Federal DBE Program.
Some interviewees had negative comments about how the Federal DBE Program functioned ingeneral.
Some interviewees were critical about key aspects of the implementation of the Federal DBE Program.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 109
Several interviewees expressed the opinion that the definition of “small business” had grown toinclude multi million dollar companies who received DBE certification and then had an unfairadvantage over the truly small DBE businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 110
Effect of Initiative 200.
A number of owners and managers of MBE/WBEs reported that the implementation of Initiative 200had an adverse effect on their businesses.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 111
Some firm owners and managers did not think I 200 had adversely affected their firms.
MBE/WBE/DBE fronts or fraud.
Several interviewees reported knowledge of examples of fronts or fraud.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 112
Some interviewees explained the impact of alleged DBE fronts on their companies.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 113
A few firms indicated that they had not experienced front companies.
False reporting of DBE participation or falsifying good faith efforts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 114
Some business owners reported widespread abuse of the DBE Program through false reporting of DBEparticipation or falsifying good faith efforts.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 115
Some interviewees representing MBE/WBEs said that prime contractors would list them on a contractto comply with the program, and then reduce or eliminate their work without informing the publicagency.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 116
Some interviewees said that they have not experience falsification of good faith efforts or falsereporting of DBE participation.
Effects of DBE project goals on other businesses.
Some business owners and other individuals indicated that DBE firms submit inflated bids to primeswhen there are DBE contract goals on a project.
.
J. DBE and other Certification Processes
Ease or difficulty of becoming certified.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 117
A number of interviewees said that the DBE certification process was reasonable and some reportedthat it was relatively easy.
Many interviewees reported difficulties with the DBE certification process.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 120
Advantages and disadvantages of DBE certification.
Many of the owners and managers of DBE certified firms interviewed indicated that certificationhelped their business get an initial opportunity to work with a prime contractor.
BBC RESEARCH & CONSULTING – FINAL REPORT APPENDIX J, PAGE 124
Some interviews indicated that there are limited advantages, or even disadvantages, to being DBEcertified.
Figu
re K
-1
Fig
ure
K- :
23
45
67
89
1011
1213
1415
1617
1819
Fund
ing
FAA-
and
Loc
ally
-fund
edX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
FAA-
fund
edX
XX
XLo
cally
-fund
edX
Tim
e pe
riod
2010
-201
3X
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X20
10-2
011
X20
12-2
013
X
Type
Cons
truc
tion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essio
nal s
ervi
ces
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Cons
truc
tion
XX
XX
Cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essio
nal s
ervi
ces
XX
XX
Cont
ract
role
Prim
e/Su
bX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XPr
ime
XX
XX
XSu
bX
XX
Cont
ract
size
All
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Smal
l prim
e co
ntra
cts*
XLa
rge
prim
e co
ntra
cts*
*X
Com
pone
nts o
f DBE
goa
lAn
alys
is of
pot
entia
l DBE
sX
XX
* $2
M a
nd u
nder
for c
onst
ruct
ion,
$50
0K a
nd u
nder
for c
onst
ruct
ion-
rela
ted
prof
essio
nal s
ervi
ces
** G
reat
er th
an $
2M fo
r con
stru
ctio
n, g
reat
er th
an $
500K
for c
onst
ruct
ion-
rela
ted
prof
essio
nal s
ervi
ces
Figu
re K
-2.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
1,04
8
$228
,225
$2
42,3
15
(2)
MBE
/WBE
198
$2
4,15
5
$24,
631
10
.2
18.2
-8
.0
56.0
(3)
WBE
104
$1
1,80
1
$12,
182
5.
0
4.5
0.
6
112.
7
(4)
MBE
94
$12,
354
$1
2,44
9
5.1
13
.7
-8.6
37
.5
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d31
$5
,605
$5
,606
2.
3
2.4
-0
.1
95.6
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d21
$1
,482
$1
,556
0.
6
2.2
-1
.6
28.8
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
13
$350
$3
71
0.2
1.
8
-1.7
8.
4
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d20
$2
,417
$2
,417
1.
0
4.8
-3
.8
20.8
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
9
$2,4
99
$2,4
99
1.0
2.
4
-1.4
42
.3
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
97
$8,0
35
$8,3
19
3.4
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E36
$2
,233
$2
,453
1.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
61
$5,8
02
$5,8
66
2.4
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E16
$7
81
$782
0.
3
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E14
$8
48
$910
0.
4
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
10
$301
$3
01
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E15
$1
,791
$1
,791
0.
7
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$2,0
81
$2,0
81
0.9
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-3.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
681
$1
90,1
86
$190
,186
(2)
MBE
/WBE
142
$2
2,11
0
$22,
110
11
.6
18.5
-6
.8
63.0
(3)
WBE
77
$10,
960
$1
0,96
0
5.8
4.
3
1.4
13
3.5
(4)
MBE
65
$11,
150
$1
1,15
0
5.9
14
.1
-8.3
41
.5
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d29
$5
,551
$5
,551
2.
9
2.6
0.
3
113.
3
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d7
$9
61
$961
0.
5
2.0
-1
.5
24.9
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
6
$241
$2
41
0.1
1.
1
-1.0
11
.3
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d15
$2
,289
$2
,289
1.
2
5.5
-4
.3
22.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
8
$2,1
08
$2,1
08
1.1
2.
9
-1.8
37
.7
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
61
$7,0
39
$7,0
39
3.7
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E19
$1
,594
$1
,594
0.
8
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
42
$5,4
44
$5,4
44
2.9
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E14
$7
27
$727
0.
4
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E3
$6
22
$622
0.
3
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$241
$2
41
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E13
$1
,773
$1
,773
0.
9
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$2,0
81
$2,0
81
1.1
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-4.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: P
rofe
ssio
nal S
ervi
ces
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
367
$3
8,03
9
$52,
129
(2)
MBE
/WBE
56
$2,0
45
$2,5
21
4.8
17
.1
-12.
3
28.3
(3)
WBE
27
$841
$1
,221
2.
3
5.0
-2
.7
46.9
(4)
MBE
29
$1,2
04
$1,2
99
2.5
12
.1
-9.6
20
.6
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d2
$5
4
$55
0.
1
1.9
-1
.7
5.7
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d14
$5
21
$595
1.
1
3.0
-1
.8
38.5
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
7
$109
$1
29
0.2
4.
4
-4.1
5.
6
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d5
$1
29
$129
0.
2
2.3
-2
.0
10.8
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
1
$391
$3
91
0.8
0.
6
0.1
12
4.0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
36
$997
$1
,281
2.
5
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E17
$6
39
$859
1.
6
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
19
$358
$4
21
0.8
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$5
4
$55
0.
1
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E11
$2
26
$289
0.
6
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
4
$60
$6
0
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$1
8
$18
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-5.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
11Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
629
$1
54,2
23
$159
,549
(2)
MBE
/WBE
113
$1
0,04
6
$10,
350
6.
5
18.3
-1
1.8
35
.5
(3)
WBE
55
$3,7
01
$3,9
63
2.5
4.
2
-1.8
58
.6
(4)
MBE
58
$6,3
45
$6,3
87
4.0
14
.0
-10.
0
28.6
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d16
$1
,192
$1
,192
0.
7
2.5
-1
.7
30.0
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d12
$6
68
$710
0.
4
2.1
-1
.7
20.8
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
9
$215
$2
15
0.1
1.
7
-1.6
8.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d12
$1
,771
$1
,771
1.
1
4.9
-3
.8
22.5
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
9
$2,4
99
$2,4
99
1.6
2.
8
-1.2
56
.8
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
68
$6,5
23
$6,6
62
4.2
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E25
$1
,609
$1
,718
1.
1
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
43
$4,9
13
$4,9
44
3.1
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E9
$2
48
$248
0.
2
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E9
$6
46
$677
0.
4
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
8
$190
$1
90
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E11
$1
,747
$1
,747
1.
1
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$2,0
81
$2,0
81
1.3
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-6.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
2-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
419
$7
4,00
2
$82,
765
(2)
MBE
/WBE
85
$14,
109
$1
4,28
0
17.3
18
.0
-0.7
95
.9
(3)
WBE
49
$8,1
00
$8,2
18
9.9
4.
9
5.0
20
0+
(4)
MBE
36
$6,0
09
$6,0
62
7.3
13
.1
-5.8
55
.9
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d15
$4
,413
$4
,414
5.
3
2.3
3.
1
200+
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d9
$8
14
$846
1.
0
2.4
-1
.4
42.8
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
4
$135
$1
55
0.2
2.
1
-1.9
9.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d8
$6
47
$647
0.
8
4.5
-3
.7
17.3
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
1.
8
-1.8
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
29
$1,5
13
$1,6
57
2.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E11
$6
23
$735
0.
9
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
18
$889
$9
22
1.1
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E7
$5
33
$534
0.
6
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E5
$2
02
$233
0.
3
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
2
$111
$1
11
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E4
$4
3
$43
0.
1
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-7.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
25
$27,
233
$2
7,23
3
(2)
MBE
/WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
19
.4
-19.
4
0.1
(3)
WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
1.
5
-1.5
1.
4
(4)
MBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
17
.9
-17.
9
0.0
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
5.4
-5
.4
0.0
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.1
-0
.1
0.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
6.9
-6
.9
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
5.
5
-5.5
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
0
$0
$0
0.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-8.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
1,02
3
$200
,992
$2
15,0
82
(2)
MBE
/WBE
197
$2
4,14
9
$24,
625
11
.4
18.0
-6
.6
63.6
(3)
WBE
103
$1
1,79
5
$12,
176
5.
7
4.8
0.
8
117.
2
(4)
MBE
94
$12,
354
$1
2,44
9
5.8
13
.2
-7.4
43
.9
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d31
$5
,605
$5
,606
2.
6
2.0
0.
6
127.
6
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d21
$1
,482
$1
,556
0.
7
2.5
-1
.8
29.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
13
$350
$3
71
0.2
2.
1
-1.9
8.
4
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d20
$2
,417
$2
,417
1.
1
4.5
-3
.4
24.8
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
9
$2,4
99
$2,4
99
1.2
2.
1
-0.9
56
.5
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
97
$8,0
35
$8,3
19
3.9
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E36
$2
,233
$2
,453
1.
1
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
61
$5,8
02
$5,8
66
2.7
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E16
$7
81
$782
0.
4
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E14
$8
48
$910
0.
4
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
10
$301
$3
01
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E15
$1
,791
$1
,791
0.
8
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$2,0
81
$2,0
81
1.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-9.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s
(1)
All f
irms
344
$1
31,1
77
$142
,426
(2)
MBE
/WBE
47
$11,
825
$1
2,02
8
8.4
15
.1
-6.6
56
.1
(3)
WBE
24
$5,1
14
$5,3
08
3.7
3.
2
0.5
11
7.2
(4)
MBE
23
$6,7
10
$6,7
20
4.7
11
.9
-7.2
39
.7
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d9
$3
,888
$3
,888
2.
7
1.2
1.
5
200+
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d4
$3
54
$364
0.
3
2.4
-2
.2
10.6
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
2
$29
$2
9
0.0
2.
3
-2.3
0.
9
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d3
$4
5
$45
0.
0
3.9
-3
.9
0.8
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
5
$2,3
94
$2,3
94
1.7
2.
0
-0.3
83
.3
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
24
$3,6
78
$3,7
52
2.6
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E10
$9
80
$1,0
45
0.7
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
14
$2,6
98
$2,7
07
1.9
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E5
$6
27
$627
0.
4
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$2
3
$33
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
1
$27
$2
7
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$1
8
$18
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
4
$2,0
03
$2,0
03
1.4
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-10.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s
(1)
All f
irms
168
$1
01,6
70
$101
,670
(2)
MBE
/WBE
31
$10,
943
$1
0,94
3
10.8
14
.9
-4.1
72
.4
(3)
WBE
17
$4,7
75
$4,7
75
4.7
2.
9
1.8
16
0.2
(4)
MBE
14
$6,1
68
$6,1
68
6.1
11
.9
-5.9
50
.8
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d8
$3
,834
$3
,834
3.
8
1.0
2.
7
200+
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d2
$3
31
$331
0.
3
2.3
-2
.0
14.2
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
1.
4
-1.4
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
4.6
-4
.6
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
4
$2,0
03
$2,0
03
2.0
2.
6
-0.6
76
.1
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
13
$3,3
51
$3,3
51
3.3
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E5
$7
75
$775
0.
8
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
8
$2,5
76
$2,5
76
2.5
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E4
$5
73
$573
0.
6
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
4
$2,0
03
$2,0
03
2.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-11.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s
(1)
All f
irms
176
$2
9,50
8
$40,
756
(2)
MBE
/WBE
16
$881
$1
,085
2.
7
15.5
-1
2.9
17
.1
(3)
WBE
7
$339
$5
32
1.3
3.
8
-2.5
34
.4
(4)
MBE
9
$543
$5
52
1.4
11
.7
-10.
4
11.5
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d1
$5
4
$54
0.
1
1.7
-1
.6
7.7
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d2
$2
3
$33
0.
1
2.7
-2
.6
3.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
2
$29
$2
9
0.1
4.
7
-4.6
1.
5
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d3
$4
5
$45
0.
1
2.1
-1
.9
5.4
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
1
$391
$3
91
1.0
0.
6
0.4
16
0.5
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
11
$326
$4
01
1.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E5
$2
05
$270
0.
7
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$122
$1
31
0.3
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E1
$5
4
$54
0.
1
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$2
3
$33
0.
1
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
1
$27
$2
7
0.1
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$1
8
$18
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-12.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
704
$9
7,04
8
$99,
889
(2)
MBE
/WBE
151
$1
2,33
0
$12,
603
12
.6
22.6
-1
0.0
55
.9
(3)
WBE
80
$6,6
87
$6,8
74
6.9
6.
3
0.6
10
9.5
(4)
MBE
71
$5,6
44
$5,7
29
5.7
16
.3
-10.
6
35.2
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d22
$1
,718
$1
,718
1.
7
4.1
-2
.4
41.9
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d17
$1
,128
$1
,192
1.
2
2.0
-0
.8
60.6
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
11
$321
$3
42
0.3
1.
1
-0.8
30
.3
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d17
$2
,372
$2
,372
2.
4
6.1
-3
.7
39.2
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
4
$105
$1
05
0.1
3.
0
-2.9
3.
5
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
73
$4,3
57
$4,5
67
4.6
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E26
$1
,253
$1
,409
1.
4
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
47
$3,1
05
$3,1
58
3.2
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E11
$1
54
$155
0.
2
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E12
$8
24
$878
0.
9
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
9
$274
$2
74
0.3
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E13
$1
,773
$1
,773
1.
8
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
2
$78
$7
8
0.1
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-13.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
Role
: Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
513
$8
8,51
6
$88,
516
(2)
MBE
/WBE
111
$1
1,16
7
$11,
167
12
.6
22.6
-1
0.0
55
.9
(3)
WBE
60
$6,1
85
$6,1
85
7.0
5.
9
1.1
11
8.4
(4)
MBE
51
$4,9
82
$4,9
82
5.6
16
.7
-11.
0
33.8
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d21
$1
,717
$1
,717
1.
9
4.3
-2
.4
44.7
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d5
$6
30
$630
0.
7
1.7
-1
.0
41.6
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
6
$241
$2
41
0.3
0.
8
-0.6
32
.6
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d15
$2
,289
$2
,289
2.
6
6.4
-3
.9
40.1
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
4
$105
$1
05
0.1
3.
3
-3.2
3.
6
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
48
$3,6
87
$3,6
87
4.2
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E14
$8
19
$819
0.
9
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
34
$2,8
68
$2,8
68
3.2
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E10
$1
54
$154
0.
2
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E3
$6
22
$622
0.
7
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
6
$241
$2
41
0.3
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E13
$1
,773
$1
,773
2.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
2
$78
$7
8
0.1
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-14.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
191
$8
,531
$1
1,37
2
(2)
MBE
/WBE
40
$1,1
63
$1,4
36
12.6
22
.7
-10.
1
55.6
(3)
WBE
20
$502
$6
89
6.1
9.
3
-3.2
65
.3
(4)
MBE
20
$661
$7
47
6.6
13
.4
-6.9
48
.9
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d1
$1
$1
0.
0
2.3
-2
.3
0.5
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d12
$4
98
$562
4.
9
3.9
1.
0
125.
2
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
5
$80
$1
00
0.9
3.
4
-2.5
25
.9
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d2
$8
3
$83
0.
7
3.1
-2
.4
23.6
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
6
-0.6
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
25
$670
$8
80
7.7
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E12
$4
34
$590
5.
2
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
13
$236
$2
90
2.6
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E1
$1
$1
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E9
$2
03
$256
2.
2
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
3
$33
$3
3
0.3
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-15.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Smal
l Prim
e Co
ntra
cts
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s
(1)
All f
irms
305
$5
6,83
2
$61,
529
(2)
MBE
/WBE
45
$8,1
22
$8,3
25
13.5
17
.5
-4.0
77
.1
(3)
WBE
23
$3,8
97
$4,0
90
6.6
5.
0
1.6
13
3.0
(4)
MBE
22
$4,2
25
$4,2
35
6.9
12
.5
-5.7
54
.9
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d8
$1
,402
$1
,402
2.
3
2.4
-0
.1
96.6
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d4
$3
54
$364
0.
6
2.5
-1
.9
23.7
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
2
$29
$2
9
0.0
2.
2
-2.2
2.
1
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d3
$4
5
$45
0.
1
4.1
-4
.0
1.8
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
5
$2,3
94
$2,3
94
3.9
1.
4
2.5
20
0+
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
24
$3,6
78
$3,7
52
6.1
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E10
$9
80
$1,0
45
1.7
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
14
$2,6
98
$2,7
07
4.4
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E5
$6
27
$627
1.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$2
3
$33
0.
1
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
1
$27
$2
7
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E2
$1
8
$18
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
4
$2,0
03
$2,0
03
3.3
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-16.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA- a
nd L
ocal
ly-fu
nded
Ti
me
perio
d: 2
010-
2013
Type
: Con
stru
ctio
n an
d co
nstr
uctio
n-re
late
d pr
ofes
sion
al se
rvic
esRo
le: P
rime
Cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
39
$74,
346
$8
0,89
7
(2)
MBE
/WBE
2
$3,7
03
$3,7
03
4.6
13
.2
-8.6
34
.7
(3)
WBE
1
$1,2
18
$1,2
18
1.5
1.
8
-0.3
83
.8
(4)
MBE
1
$2,4
85
$2,4
85
3.1
11
.4
-8.3
27
.0
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d1
$2
,485
$2
,485
3.
1
0.4
2.
7
200+
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
2.3
-2
.3
0.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
2.
4
-2.4
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
3.8
-3
.8
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
2.
5
-2.5
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
0
$0
$0
0.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%%
colu
mn
c, ro
w1)
(col
umn
c /
Actu
al u
tiliz
atio
n
(d /
e) x
100
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
Larg
e pr
ime
cont
ract
s
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)
(d)
Figu
re K
-17.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA-fu
nded
Anal
ysis
of p
oten
tial D
BEs
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
and
cons
truc
tion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
25
$27,
233
$2
7,23
3
(2)
MBE
/WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
19
.4
-19.
3
0.1
(3)
WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
1.
5
-1.5
1.
4
(4)
MBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
17
.8
-17.
8
0.0
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
5.4
-5
.4
0.0
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.1
-0
.1
0.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
6.9
-6
.9
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
5.
4
-5.4
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
0
$0
$0
0.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
Figu
re K
-18.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA-fu
nded
Anal
ysis
of p
oten
tial D
BEs
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
25
$27,
233
$2
7,23
3
(2)
MBE
/WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
19
.4
-19.
3
0.1
(3)
WBE
1
$6
$6
0.0
1.
5
-1.5
1.
4
(4)
MBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
17
.8
-17.
8
0.0
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
5.4
-5
.4
0.0
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.1
-0
.1
0.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
6.9
-6
.9
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
5.
4
-5.4
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
0
$0
$0
0.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00
Figu
re K
-19.
Fund
ing
sour
ce: F
AA-fu
nded
Anal
ysis
of p
oten
tial D
BEs
Tim
e pe
riod:
201
0-20
13Ty
pe: C
onst
ruct
ion-
rela
ted
prof
essi
onal
serv
ices
Role
: Prim
e Co
ntra
ctor
s and
Sub
cont
ract
ors
(1)
All f
irms
0$0
$0
(2)
MBE
/WBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(3)
WBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(4)
MBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(5)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
(6)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
(7)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(8)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d0
$0
$0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
(9)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
0
$0
$0
0.0
0.
0
0.0
0.
0
(10)
Unk
now
n M
BE0
$0
(11)
DBE-
cert
ified
0
$0
$0
0.0
(12)
Wom
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(13)
Min
ority
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(14)
Blac
k Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(15)
Asia
n-Pa
cific
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(16)
Subc
ontin
ent A
sian
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(17)
Hisp
anic
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(18)
Nat
ive
Amer
ican
-ow
ned
DBE
0
$0
$0
0.0
(19)
Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE0
$0
(20)
Whi
te m
ale-
owne
d DB
E0
$0
$0
0.
0
(21)
Unk
now
n DB
E0
$0
Not
e: S
prea
dshe
et ro
unds
num
bers
to n
eare
st th
ousa
nd d
olla
rs o
r ten
th o
f one
per
cent
. WBE
is w
hite
wom
en-o
wne
d fir
ms.
* U
nkno
wn
MBE
, Unk
now
n DB
E-M
BE, a
nd U
nkno
wn
DBE
dolla
rs w
ere
allo
cate
d to
MBE
subg
roup
s pro
port
iona
l to
the
know
n to
tal d
olla
rs o
f tho
se g
roup
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
if to
tal
dol
lars
of B
lack
Am
eric
an-o
wne
d fir
ms (
colu
mn
b, ro
w 5
) acc
ount
ed fo
r 25
perc
ent o
f tot
al M
BE d
olla
rs (c
olum
n b,
row
4),
then
25
perc
ent o
f col
umn
b, ro
w 1
0 w
ould
be
adde
d
to c
olum
n b,
row
5 a
nd th
e su
m w
ould
be
show
n in
col
umn
c, ro
w 5
.
Sour
ce: B
BC R
esea
rch
& C
onsu
lting
Disp
arity
Ana
lysis
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
tota
l dol
lars
Num
ber o
f
(tho
usan
ds)*
Estim
ated
Firm
Typ
e
cont
ract
s(s
ubco
ntra
cts)
in sa
mpl
ein
sam
ple
Dolla
rs
(tho
usan
ds)
%co
lum
n c,
row
1)(c
olum
n c
/Ac
tual
util
izat
ion
(d)
(e)
Util
izat
ion
benc
hmar
k(a
vaila
bilit
y)%
(f)Di
ffere
nce
(col
umn
d -
colu
mn
e)%
(g)
Disp
arity
inde
x(d
/ e
) x 1
00