ports and harbor

7/25/2019 Ports and Harbor

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PORTS ANDHARBOR



Four Important Functions of Portsand Harbors

1. Administrative – ensuring that the ega! socio"poitica andeconomic interests of the state and internationa maritimeauthorities are protected#

2. Development – ports are ma$or promoters and instigators of acountr%&s or 'ider regiona econom%#

3. Industrial – the goods imported or e(ported in a port#

4. Commercial – internationa trade $unction points 'here )arioumodes of transport interchange* oading! discharging! transit ofgoods#



Harbor or harbour or ha)en! is a bod% of 'ate'here ships! boats! and barges can see+ shet

storm% 'eather! or are stored for future use# Itnatura or arti,cia#

Arti,cia Harbor can ha)e constructed-

.# Brea+'aters

/# Sea 'as0# 1ett%s



Arti,cia Harbor

1. BREAKA!ER"

" are structures constructed on coasts as part of 2oastadefense or to protect an anchorage from the e3ects of both 'eatheand ongshore drift#



Arti,cia Harbor

2. "EAA##"

$are genera% massi)e concrete structures empaced aong considerabe stretch of shoreine#



Arti,cia Harbor

3. %E!!&"

$are structures that pro$ects from the and out into the 'ateOften! $ett% refers to a 'a+'a% accessing the centre of an encose'aterbod%#



A natura harbour is surrounded on se)era sides b% prominenceof and# It has ong been of great strategic na)a and economicimportance! and man% great cities of the 'ord are ocated onthem# Ha)ing a protected harbour reduces or eiminates the nee

for brea+'aters as it 'i resut in camer 'a)es inside theharbour#

4(ampes-



HARBORS

PRO5ID4 A SAF4 AN2HORA64! PROT42TIN6 SHIPS FRO7 TH4

OP4N S4AS#

!&'ICA# HARB(R #(CA!I()"*

+out,s o- a River

)atural Bas

Inlets

Interior o- Coral Ree-s

+anmade Brea/0aters

!idal Basins



PROB847S THAT 79ST B42ONSID4R4D IN TH4 D4SI6N AND

OP4RATION OF HARBORS1. !ide ariations$ vertical dierence bet0een t,e ,i, tide and

t,e succeedin lo0 tide

2. Currents$ is a continuous directed movement o- sea 0aterenerated b -orces actin upon t,is mean o0 suc,

brea/in 0aves5 0ind5 etc.3. "iltin$ t,e pollution o- 0ater b 6ne particulate terrestrial

clastic material to t,e particle si7e dominated b silt or cla.

4. ave Actions$ created b 0ind blo0in over t,e sur-ace o-t,e sea.



PORTS

" A 8O2ATION ON A 2OAST OR SHOR4 2ONTAININ6 ON4 OR 7OR4

HARBORS :H4R4 SHIPS 2AN DO2; AND TRANSF4R P4OP84 OR

2AR6O TO OR FRO7 8AND# PORT 8O2ATIONS AR4 S4842T4D TO

OPTI7I<4 A224SS TO 8AND AND NA5I6AB84 :AT4R! FOR

2O774R2IA8 D47AND! AND FOR SH48T4R FRO7 :IND AND :A54

PORTS :ITH D44P4R :AT4R AR4 RAR4R! B9T 2AN HAND84

8AR64R! 7OR4 42ONO7I2A8 SHIPS#



7A1OR F4AT9R4S OF PORTS

Doc+s or berths 'here )esses moor

4=uipment and personne to oad and unoad )esses

2onnections to and transportation such as high'a%s! rai'a%sand pipeines

2argo storage areas



SHIP PORT"R48AT4D HA<ARDS

NA5I6ATION

" The ha>ards beonging to this categor% are those that ha)ethe for a de)iation of the ship from its intended route or designatedchanne#

I7PA2TS AND 2O88ISION

"The ha>ards beonging to this categor% are concerned 'ithan interaction 'ith a mo)ing or a stationar% ob$ect or a coision'ith a )esse#

7AN4954RIN6

"2oncerned 'ith the faiure to +eep the )esse on the righttrac+ or to position the )esse as intended#




8OSS OF 2ONTAIN74NT

"concerned 'ith the reease and dispersion of dangeroussubstances# T'o e(ampes of these ha>ards are reease of?ammabes and reease of to(ic materia#

SHIP R48AT4D

"2oncerned 'ith ship"speci,c operations or e=uipment#Some e(ampes of these ha>ards are ?ooding! mooring faiure!anchoring faiure! and oading@o)eroading#

4N5IRON74NTA8

"occur 'hen 'eather e(ceeds )esse design criteria orharbour operations criteria#




PO889TION

" 2oncerned 'ith the reease of materia that can usedamage to the en)ironment# T'o e(ampes of these ha>ards arecrude oi spis and reease of other cargo#

FIR4@4P8OSION

"2oncerned 'ith ,re or e(posion on the )esse or in thecargo ba%# Some e(ampes of these ha>ards are cargo tan+,re@e(posion! ,re in accommodation! ,re in engine room and othe,res#

ports and harbor

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