possibilities and barriers to implementation of res in the ... · results from the investigation...

Sofia Energy Centre European Workshop23rd September 2004, Sofia

“An European Strategy for the Introduction of Renewable Energy Systems in Mountain Regions”

Possibilities and Barriers to Implementation of RES in the Mountain Regions in Bulgaria

Mrs. Violetta GrosevaManager of Sofia Energy Centre



Project of the European CommissionStrategy to Promote Mountain Huts Renewable

Energy Sources and their Rational Use Passing World Wide from Alps to Alps

SHERPAObjective: On the base of investigations and

analyses to establish the guiding principles, which shall support the wide utilization of RES and promote RUE in the mountain regions.

Target: Bulgaria



Theoretical and Technical Potential of RES in Bulgaria

Irrigation with water pumps

31.575 000Wind energy

Green houses, curing, domestic heating

95482Geothermal energy

Electricity generation4282 276Hydro energy

Heating, cooking, industrial needs

3803 608Biomass

Domestic Hot Water24613x106Solar energy

UtilizationTechnical potential(2010) 103 t.o.e./year

Theoretical potential103 t.o.e./year

RES



Mountain Hostels and Huts! The Federation of the Bulgarian Alpine Clubs deals with alpinism;• There are 267 sites to the Bulgarian Tourist Union (mountain hostels and huts);• The huts are managed by BTU with the help of 130 tourist companies, with territorial

principle, which are legal entities with non commercial purpose;• Before 1989 the mountain huts in Bulgaria were 100% subsidized by the state budget

through the respective municipality. At the present moment this percentage is only 17%;• Most of the huts and shelters are state-owned;• There are some, rented by private companies;• The huts are comparatively large;• The huts are guarded and operate all the year around (mainly from June-September);• Most of them are accessible with vehicles, and where not, with horses, donkeys or on

shoulders;• The huts dispose of cookers and heaters mainly on biomass, and at some places on gas

or electricity, where the utilization of biomass is limited;• The huts dispose of electrical appliances like refrigerators, freezers, washing machines;• With small exceptions, the huts are grid-connected, mainly on low voltage;• The huts are equipped with running water, but not everywhere there is hot water.



Hut “Begovitza” (Kamenitza) is situated in Pirin at 1750 meters above the sea level. The hut has a capacity of 102 beds and is heated with heaters on solid fuel.



Hut “Treshtenik” is situated in Rila at 1764 meters above the sea level. The hut has a capacity of 69 beds. It is grid-connected and disposes of central heating.



Shelter “Tevno ezero” is situated in Pirin at 2512 meters above the sea level.



Hut “Bunderitza” is situated in Pirin at 1810 meters above the sea level, with capacity of 111 beds. The heating is supplied through electrical heaters and heaters on solid fuel, and the new hut disposes of central heating. The hut disposes of a SHPP.



Hut “Vihren” is situated in Pirin at 1950 meters above the sea level. The hut is a point from the European route Е4 and has a capacity of 196 beds. The heating is supplied with heaters on solid fuel.The hut disposes of a SHPP.



Hut “Rilski ezera” is situated in Rila at 2150meters above the sea level. The hut is a point from the European route Е4 and has a capacity of 140 beds.



Hut “Skakavitza” is situated in Rila at 1876meters above the sea level. The hut is with capacity of 110 beds and dispose HPPand heaters on solid fuel.



Results from the investigation for Bulgaria" The questionnaire was distributed among 60 huts;" Received were 24 filled-in questionnaires;" The huts are situated as follows:

Up to 1 000 meters – 17%1 000 – 1 500 m – 33%1 500 – 2 000 m – 42%2 000 – 2 500 m – 8%

" Size of the huts:

" Comfort: 92% have hot water; 75% - a refrigerator; 54% - a freezer and 46% - a washing machine.

256100 <

461161 < 100

25631 < 60

41< 30

%HutsNumber of beds



Energy supplyElectricity:" The main part (more than 80%) are grid-connected, mainly on LV,

which in many cases is unstable;" In most of the huts (58%) there is a reserve gen-set on diesel;" A part from the huts dispose of SHPP;" Only one hut has marked the presence of a battery on 12V.Heat energy:

The hot water and the heating are supplied for 80% of the huts from boilers. From them 16% are on wood, and the rest on liquid fuel or electricity.



RES – their utilization in the huts"Water energy. SHPP have a comparatively good

utilization;"Biomass. Wood supply around 16% of the needs

from hot water and heating;" Solar energy:

! There are no solar thermal systems;! No photovoltaic elements are applied.

"Wind energy:! The are no wind generators.



Which RES are considered perspective?From the received answers:! 14 are for the solar energy;! 10 for SHPP;! 7 for biomass;! 6 for wind energy.



Energy Efficiency" There are no ЕЕ electrical appliances and bulbs" There are no timers;" The employees in the huts are not aware of the signs for

energy efficiency;" There is no information on the questions with regard to EE;" As measures for EE could be underlined:

! Additional payment for the hot water;! Limited quantity of hot water per shower.



Factor for application of RES in the mountain regions" Investments. The high price of the installations for RES and the

additional expenses due to the remoteness of the mountain huts and hostels;

" Motivation. Mainly financial stimuli, which lack;" Development of the commercial and servicing network.

Consultations, installation, maintenance;" Price of the energy sources." Wide and good information, which has to reach the end consumer.

Regional and national campaigns are needed, underlining the advantages of the utilization or RES.

" Necessity from training courses for exploitation of the installations for RES.



Main barriers to application of RES" Legislative, normative and regulatory framework

• The Energy Act in force treats RES only generally. Article 2, paragraph 5. says “sustainable development of utilization of renewable energy sources, including also electricity generation from them, in interest of environmental protection”.Chapter 11 is for Promotion of electrical energy generation from RES and through combined cycle.Obtainment of heat energy (heating and hot water) through RES (solar collectors, biomass, etc.) in many cases substitutes the consumption of electrical energy.

• Lack of respective norms and standards for the technical requirements to the facilities and installations.



Financial barriers" There is no fund for RES development. Such a fund would

support to a great extent the utilization of various RES projects;

" Necessary are low interest rates, subsidies and other financial schemes for stimulation of the investments for RES;

" The relatively high value of the facilities and installations for utilization of RES and the obtained from them energy in comparison to the price of electricity is one of the reasons for the slow penetration of RES.



Institutional barriers"Lack of a National Program, which is

implemented for development of the renewable energy sources and the respective technologies;

"The separate state institutions, although having positive attitude towards RES, still do not pay enough attention to them;

"Lack of regional and municipal structures, responsible for planning and utilization of RES.



Factors, supporting the utilization of RES" Strengthening of measures for environmental protection." Implementation of RES with different eco-programs, for example

Development of the Bulgarian Eco-tourism;" Decentralization of the state regulation and management and

greater independence of the local and regional authorities will lead to development of RES, since through utilization of RES are achieved the following:! Improvement of the environment;! Economical development and! Increase of the jobs.

" The prices of the conventional energy sources increased many fold and will continue to rise in the future. The price of the facilities for utilization of RES decrease, especially of the PV systems.



Conclusion" One of the priorities for development of Bulgaria is the tourism

and especially eco-tourism. The utilization of facilities for RES in the mountain regions and huts will contribute to increase in thequality of our eco-tourism and protection of our mountains.

" The utilization of RES is something new for Bulgaria and requires a new way of thinking and a new approach to development of RES. Joint efforts are necessary, on the part of the state with its regulatory functions, as well as on the part of the entrepreneurs and the financial institutions. Necessary are regional and national campaigns, underlining the advantages of utilization of RES for energy savings and environmental protection.



Thank You for Your AttentionThank You for Your Attention

Mrs. Violetta GrosevaSofia Energy Centre

37, “Galichitsa” Str., Entr. 21164 Sofia, Bulgaria

Tel.: +359 2 962 8443Fax: +359 2 962 8447

E-mail: [email protected]

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