post.queensu.capost.queensu.ca/~sdb2/papers/thesis_dong.pdfakn s >h?faknha q\8 nhaig 8 nha`g d t...

$: post.queensu.capost.queensu.ca/~sdb2/PAPERS/thesis_dong.pdfAKN s >H?FAKNHA Q\8 NHAiG 8 NHA`G D T > 4 JMLC>H? I 46p AKNvB >]1; L 4Z5 V D I+0MAPL V ? A p ACIu 5 J$
�� "!��

��#$��%��#'&�� (�� %)��(��*�+�(�� #,�-#.�(��/#

021

3,465�798:5<;

=)>@?<ACB 4 B.BEDF0<G 4 >@>HACI > 8 >H?<A

7 AKJMLON@>HGPA 5 > 8OQSRUT ACVW>@N 4 V�L T L 5 I�X 8 GPJFD<>HAKN RY5<;�465 A�AKN 4Z5<;

4Z5 V 8:5[Q\8 NHG 4 >]1_^ 4 >H?�>H?<A`N@ACabD 4 NHA�GPA 5 >cB

Q\8 N.>H?<AdI[A ; NHAKA 8CQfe L�BE>HA�N 8CQ,g V 4 A 5 V"Aih RY5<;�465 AKA�N 465F;[j

k9D<A�A 5ml Bon 5<4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1

qr4Z5<; B]> 8�5msut95 >vLON 4Z8<s XoL 5 L:I<L

w:x:x�w

X 8 J[12N 4Z; ?2> Vy 3,4Z5�7$8:5F;<s w:x:x�w

z {}|�~��i��~

� ?<A�I[AKG�L 5 I Q\8 N�? 4Z; ?<A�N�I<LC>cL_NvLO>@AiL 5 I+G_D T > 4 G_ACI 4 L`BEAKN p[4 VWA 465 ^ 4 NHA T [email protected] 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 468�5

BE1FBE>@AKG�Bm?ML:B�NHACVWA 5 > T 1`B]AKA 5 D 5 J<NHA�VWACI[A 5 >HA�I ; N 8 ^.>H?m� ��8 BEDFJ<J 8 NH>f>@?<A,G D T > 4 G ACI 4 L,BEA�N p24 VWACB s

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I_I 4 NHACV">YB]ACabDFA 5 VWA9V 8 I2A9I 46p24 B 468:5 G D T > 4 J T AfL�VKVWACB@B�h\�)X 7�e = jm4 B�A�GPAKN ;�465<; L:BY>@?<A

J<N@ACI 8 G 465 L 5 >�^ 4 NHA T ACBHB�>@ACV�? 5<8:TZ8:; 1 Q\8 N Q D<>@D<NHA ^ 4 N@A T A�BHB�G_D T > 4 G_A�I 4 L LOJ<J T64 V�LO> 4Z8:5 �P� 4 I[AKN

0ML 5 I[^ 4 I2>H?�L T6T68 V�LO> 4Z8:5 NHACB]D T >vB 465 G 8 N@A�NHA�B 8:TZp LO0 T A_G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�L p L 46T LC0 T A�LO>`>@?<A_N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN s

>H?FAKNHA Q\8 NHAiG 8 NHA`G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�I 46p AKNvB 4 >]1 ; L 4Z5 V 8 D T I+0MAPL�V�? 4 A p ACIu�� 5 J<N 4Z5 V 4 J T A s L 5�8 J<> 4 G�L T

� = q`R V 8 D T I�V 8 G 0 465 A�L T6T >@?<A�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB�021(G�LC� 4 G�L T NcLC> 468 V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;

h e�� X j � 7 D<A9> 8 >@?<A$JFN 8 ? 4 0 4 > 46p A�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1 8CQ >@?<A 8 J<> 4 G�L TF� = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN sO4Z5 >H? 4 BY>H?<AW�

B 4 B s ^,A9J<N 8 J 8 BEAdLiBEDF0[� 8 J<> 4 G�L TMTZ8 ^�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN�^.?<AKNHArV 8 I[A`L�VKabD 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5ms

� = q`R V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; L 5 I+Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�LO> 468:5 LON@AiV 8 G_0 465 ACIi> 8�; AK>@?<AKN��

� 5 >@? 4 B�>H?FACB 4 B s L�JMLONvL T6T A Tf�f� V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 L T6;�8 N 4 >H?<G�0�L:BEA�I 8�5 >H?<A V 8:5 VWA�J<> 8OQ

V 8 I[A`>@NHAKAW��BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@A$^ 4 >H? 4Z5P8:5 A`0 4 >.I[DFNcLO> 468�5�4 B,B]>HDMI 4 ACIu�f=�B@BED<G 465<;`�25<8 ^ T ACI ; A 8OQ DMB]AKNcB l

BEJFNHACL�I 465<; BEACa�D<A 5 VWACB s ^oA Q\8 NHG D T LC>HA V 8 I[A�L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5�4Z5 >@AKNHG�B 8OQ G D T > 4 J T A`?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B

>HA�BE> 4Z5<;+Q\8 N L T6T >H?<A�J 8 B@B 4 0 T A�BE? 4 Q >cB 8CQ L T6T.�f� V 8 I[A�BW� � ?FA�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN�AKG�J T68 1FBr>@NHD 5 VKLO>@ACI

BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 �¡G�L �2465F; L:B.^,A T6T L�B�>@NHAKArBE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHACI`¢ 8�465 >.?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B�>@ACBE> 465<; � ��8 465 �

V T DMI[A,>@?<A.V 8 I[A9VWN 8 BHB£�]V 8 NHN@A T LC> 468�5 J<N 8 JMAKNH>]1`0MAK>]^,AKA 5 I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >�DMB]AKNcB¦L 5 I�JMLC>H?MB s >H?FA.>HACB]> 4 B

464

G 8 I 4 § ACI�> 8 0MA`L�I2A T LK1�ACIi¨ g2�f�Y� ¨[� � ?<A�J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA 8OQ >@?<A$JFN 8 J 8 BEACI�V 8 I[ArL:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5

BHVc?<AKG�A 465 G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? V�?�L 5<5 A Tu4 B.L 5 L T 1[> 4 VKL T6T 1 I[AK>HA�NHG 4Z5 ACIu�m��AàbD�L 5 > 4¥Q 1 >H?FA`V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1

BHL p2465<;�465 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?dV�?�L 5<5 A T 0[1�V 8:5 VKLO>@A 5 LO>@ACI T 1 T LO0MA TZ465<; >@?<A9V 8 I[A9>[email protected]�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 >@?<A

G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�B 46;�5 L T BW��=ªV T68 BEAW� Q\8 N@G 8OQ B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;_TZ8 B@B 4 B`L T B 8 I[ACV T LON@ACIu� �m8 G�L � A

>H?FA 5 D<GPAKN 4 VKL T V�L T V"D T LC> 468�5 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L T£s L�> 46; ?2> T68 ^,A�N«0 8 D 5 I 8OQ B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;�T68 B@B 4 B

L T B 8 JFN 8Cp[4 I[ACI`> 8 LCJ<J<N 8 � 4 G�LC>HAf>H?FA.B 4Z;:5 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�� ?<N 8 D ; ?PL 5 L T 1 468�5ms ôA�a�DML 5 > 4¥§ ACI�>@?<A�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p[4Z5<; L 5 I�B 46;�5 L T �]V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<;�TZ8 BHB 4Z5 V 8 GPJMLCNE�

4 B 8:5 > 8 L Q D T6T V�? 4 J[�¡G�LO>vV�?<A�I §MT >@AKN 4 GPJ T AKG A 5 >cLC> 468�5 �o¬ 8 N�AK�FLOGPJ T A s2465 L�BE1FBE>HA�G^ 4 >H?*® x

DMB]AKNcB s�¯ B 46;�5 L T JMLO>@?MB�JMAKN`DMBEAKN�L 5 I*°+I 3±g2��«s L�V 8 G�J<D<>cLC> 4Z8:5 BHL p[4Z5<; B 8OQ G 8 NHAi>@?ML 5

²b³�´ VKL 5 0MAdL:Vc? 4 A p A�IPLO>�LiV 8 B]> 8CQY8�5<T 1�L�®��6®dI 3 B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;`T68 B@BW�

� 5 LPJ<NvL:VW> 4 VKL T ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =µV 8 GPG D 5<4 V�LO> 4Z8:5 BE1FBE>@AKG�B s V�?�L 5<5 A T BE>vLO>HA 4652Q\8 NHG�L��

> 4Z8:5 h]X g � jY4 B 5<8 >9L p L 4ZT LO0 T A`LC>,>H?FA«N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNK�¶=�B.L 5 AK�2>HA 5 > 4Z8:5 8OQ >H?<ArLO0 8Cp A�I2A T LK1iACB]> 4 G�L��

> 4Z8:5ms ôA9L T B 8 B]>HDMI[1 Vc?ML 5<5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5 ��·$AKNHA s ^,A�L:I<I2NHACB@BUJ 46T68 >oBE12G_0 8:T L 4 I[ACIi^,A 4Z; ?2>HACI

G D T > 4 B TZ8 >�L p AKNcL ;:465F; h �,g =.�£� e�g = j >@ACVc? 5<4 a�D<Ad> 8 A�BE> 4 G�LO>@A V�?�L 5<5 A T >vLOJ�ôA 46; ?[>vBW� � ?<A

AK�2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL T NHACB]D T >vB�?�L:B`BE? 8 ^ 5�8�5<T 1�LPB TZ46; ?2> T68 B@B�I[D<Ad> 8 Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5 A�NHN 8 N 4Z5

V 8 GPJMLON 4 B 8:5 > 8 N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN9^ 4 >H?�JMAKN Q A�VW>dV�?ML 5<5 A Tf�25<8 ^ T ACI ; A��= TZT >H?FAPLC0 8Cp AP^ 8 N ��4 B`L T B 8

AK�2>HA 5 I[ACI«> 8 I<LC>cL�0 T68 V � BHVWA 5 LON 468 ^.?<A�NHA.L90 T68 V �`8OQ 0 4 >cB�LON@A9L p L 46T LO0 T A Q\8 N¦G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�I2A T LK1

J<N 8O§MT A«A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5 �

464Z4

z �i¸�¹-º�» ¼[½�¾}¿�½�À ½�¹Á~�|

¬ 4 NcBE> s ��^ 8 D T I TZ46� AP> 8 AK�2J<NHA�BHBiG_1�I2AKAKJMACBE>�LOJFJ<NHACV 4 LO> 468�5 L 5 I ; NcLO> 4 >@DMI[A+> 8�� N 8CQ ACBHB 8 N

g >@A p A 5�3,T68 BE>HA 465ms G_1 >H?<A�B 4 B9L:I p[4 B 8 N s�Q\8 N$? 4 B ; D 4 I<L 5 V"A s A 5 V 8 D<NcL ; AKG�A 5 >�L 5 I+A 5 >@?[DMB 4 L�BEG

>H?FN 8 D ; ? 8 D<>_>@?<A�V 8 D<NcB]A 8OQ G 1 ; NcL�I[DMLC>HA�NHACB]ACLONvV�?¶��¬ 8 Ni? 4 B,¢HDMI ; AKGPA 5 >dL 5 I�>@NHDMB]>i>H?MLC>

G�L�I[A$G 1 L:I2G 4 B@B 468�5 > 8 k9D<AKA 5ml B,n 5F46p AKNvB 4 >]1dJ 8 BHB 4 0 T A�L 5 I 465 >HN 8 I[DMVWACI GPA�B]DMVc?�L 5�465 >HA�NE�

ACB]> 465F;�§ A T I��f?ML p A�0MAKA 5PQ\8 N@>HD 5 LC>HA 465 0MA 465<; LC0 T A`> 8 0MA 5 A § > Q N 8 G'? 4 B,A��[JMAKN 4 A 5 V"ACBW�

�u^ 8 D T IdL T B 8�T64Z� AY> 8 >H?ML 5<� G_1�V 8 G�G 4 >@>HAKA�GPAKGi0MAKNvB Q\8 N¦VKLCNHA Q D TZT 1�N@A p24 AK^ 4Z5<; G_19>H?FACB 4 B

L 5 I�J<N 8Cp[4 I 465<; DMB]A Q D T B]D ;:; ACBE> 468�5 BW�o��^ 8 D T I_L T B 8�T64Z� A,> 8 >@?ML 5F� L T6T >H?<A9GPAKG 0MAKNcB 8CQ � � X.Â s

ACB]J©A�V 4 L T6T 1 ^.? 8 ?ML p A�0MAKA 5�p AKN@1_?<A T J Q D T > 8 G_1�BE>@DMI 4 ACBW�

¬ 465 L T6T 1 s L�B 4Z5 VWAKN@Ai^ 8 NcI 8OQ >@?ML 5F� B ;:8 A�B«> 8 G 1�JMLON@A 5 >vB`L 5 I 8 >H?<A�N Q LOG 4ZT 1�GPAKG 0MAKNcB

Q\8 N9>H?FA 4 N�BED<J<J 8 NH>`L 5 IPA 5 V 8 D<NcL ; AKGPA 5 >o>H?<N 8 D ; ? 8 D<>�G_1 TZ4¥Q A��

� ? 4 Bm^ 8 N � ^.L:B�BEDFJ<J 8 NH>@ACIi0[1�XoL 5 L:IFL«� 5 B]> 4 >HD<>@A 8CQ¶� A T ACV 8 GPGiD 5<4 VWLC> 468�5 L 5 I � ACB]ACLONvV�?

L 5 I g Vc? 8�8:Tm8CQ.Ã NcL�I[DMLO>@A g >@DMI 4 ACB.L 5 I � A�BEACLCNcVc?�LO>`k9D<AKA 5ml B,n 5F46p AKNvB 4 >]1��

46p

Ä ºÁ¹(~�½�¹(~�|

ÅPÆ�ÇWÈCÉCÊ<Ë:È Ì\Ì

ÅPËCÍmÎ�ÏbÐ Ñ\Ò[ÓmÔÕÒ[Ö�Ò2Î©ÈCÇ ÌØ×

ÙÕÚ�Ö�ÆfÏMÑÛÇdÊ<Î�Ó�ÅPÆ�Æ�ÉCÒb×�Ì\Ê[ÈCÌ\ÏMÎ�Ç Üm×

Ý Þ ÎMÈCÉCÏmÓ�ß�Ë:ÈCÌ\ÏMÎ Ý

®:�Z® e+8 > 46p LO> 468�5 ��`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®

®:� w g D<G�G�LON@1 8OQ X 8�5 >@N 4 0FD<> 4Z8:5 B��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w

®:�áà � ?<ACB 4 B t D<> TZ465 A`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯

â ã Ê<ËCÍuÔÕÉOÏMß�Î�Ó�Ï[ä�åæÌÛÓ�Ò[Æ�Ê<Î�Ó�çdè�é-ÅëêPÒ2Ë�Ò[ÌØ×ÕÒ[É ì

w �Z® � 5 >@N 8 I[D�VW> 4Z8:5 �`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í

w � w � AK^ � ACV�? 5<4 VKL T ¬<ACLC>HD<N@ACB 465 � 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ²

w � w �Z® g J<NHA�L:I 4Z5<; X 8 I2ACB ��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ® x

p

w � w � w ¬©L�BE> � NvL 5 B]G 4 > ��8 ^,AKN�X 8�5 >@N 8�T h �.� X j ��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®:®

w � w �áà �U4ZT68 >�Xf?ML 5<5 A TSg >HNHD�VW>HD<N@A �`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®Kà

w �áà � 4 I2AK0ML 5 IîX 7�e = � ACVWA 4Zp AKNf=$NvV�? 4 >HACV">HD<N@Aï�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ® ¯

w �áà[�Z® 3 L:B 4 VKB 8OQS� = q`RÁ� ACV"A 46p AKN ��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ® ¯

w �áà[� w � = q`R X 8 G 0 465<4Z5<;i� ACVc? 5<4 abD<A�B �«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®Kí

w �áà[�áà Xf?ML 5<5 A TYR B]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 �`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®Kð

w �ñà2�ñà2�6® �,4 GPAW�¡G D T > 4 J T AK��ACI �Y4ZT68 >�Xf?�L 5<5 A T �`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w:x

w �ñà2�ñà2� w � LONvL T6T A T��Y46TZ8 >$Xf?�L 5<5 A T �«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w:w

w �áà[� ¯ � ACV"A 46p AKNo=$NvV�? 4 >HA�VW>HD<N@Ai�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w:w

w � ¯ � N 8 0 T A�G'¬ 8 N@G_D T LO> 468�5 �`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w ¯

w �á° g 1FBE>@AKG e+8 I[A T n�B]ACI 465�� ?<ACB 4 B �`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w í

ò ÙmÒ2ómß�Ò[ÎMÈCÌÛÊFÑ,è�ÒbÈ�Ò[Ë:ÈCÌ\ÏMÎ âFô

à[�Z® � 5 >@N 8 I[D�VW> 4Z8:5 �`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w ð

à[� w ¬ 4 �[A�I g LOG�J T A g�46õ A � ACB]> ��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w:²

à[�áà g A�abD<A 5 > 4 L TÕ7 A�>HACVW> 468�5 ��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� à x

à[� ¯ e D T > 4 B]>cL ; Ad·$12J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B � ACB]> �`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� à w

à[�á° � A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA�= 5 L T 1<B 4 Bë�`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� à ¯

p24

ö çdÏmÓ�Ò�ÅPË�ómß�Ì\ÇKÌ÷È�ÌÛÏMÎ�ÏFä�ø�ù�Ñ\ÌÛÎ�Í�çdè�é-Å�ÙmÌØÔÕÎ�Ê<Ñ\Ç�ø�ÇKÌ\ÎmÔ�Ù¶Ò[ómß�Ò[ÎMÈCÌ\Ê<ÑYè�ÒbÈ�Ò[Ë:ú

ÈCÌ\Ï©Î òuû

¯ �Z® � 5 >@N 8 I[D�VW> 4Z8:5 �`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� à ³

¯ � w � NHA p2468 DMB,� 8 N � �«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� à ²

¯ �áà n$J T6465F�Pg�46;�5 L T L 5 I�Xf?ML 5F5 A T�e+8 I[A T �`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ ®

¯ �áà[�Z® � 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�X 7�e = � NvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HAKNf�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ w

¯ �áà[� w � ?<A e D T > 4 JMLO>@?+Xf?ML 5F5 A T¦e+8 I[A T �d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ w

¯ �áà[�áà � 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�X 7�e = � ACV"A 46p AKN �`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ à

¯ � ¯ X 8 I[A�=�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 8OQSe D T > 4 JMLC>H? g�4Z;:5 L T B��«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯:¯

¯ � ¯ �Z® X 8:52p A 5 > 468�5 L T�e LC>cVc?<ACIP¬ 4ZT >@AKN.=$JFJ<N 8 L:Vc?'�`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯:¯

¯ � ¯ � w � N@D 5 VKLC>HACI g A�abD<A 5 > 4 L T¶7 AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5P8CQoe D T > 4 J�LO>H? g�4Z;:5 L T B��d�«�d�`� ¯ í

¯ �á° � NHAKA g >HN@DMVW>HDFNHACI � AKGPJ 8 NvL TYg ACLCNcVc? 8OQUe D T > 4 JMLC>H? g�46;�5 L T B)�`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ ð

¯ �á°[�Z® g ? 8 NH> g J<N@ACL:I 465<; X 8 I[A 7 ACB 4Z;:5 �«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ ð

¯ �á°[� w X 8 I[A � NHA�A�X 8:5 B]>HN@DMVW> 4Z8:5 ��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ ²

¯ �á°[�áà 7 LO>vL g >HNHD�VW>HD<N@AdL 5 I�= T6;�8 N 4 >H?<G 7 ACB@VWN 4 J<> 4Z8:5�8OQU� NHAKA g ACLCNcVc? �`� ° w

¯ �áí � ACBE> e+8 I 4¥§ VKLC> 4Z8:5PQ\8 N`X 8 I[A_XfN 8 B@B��@X 8 NHN@A T LC> 4Z8:5 �`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ° ³

¯ � ³ � A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA�= 5 L T 1HA�L:I[1��]B]>cLC>HAiX 8 GPJFD<>cLC> 468�5 L T X 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 g L p[4Z5<; B��`�d�«�d�`� ° ²

p2464

¯ � ³ � w g�46;�5 L T X 8 G 0 465F465<; Â 8 BHB��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í x

¯ �áð g�8CQ >]^.LON@A R �2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cBµ�`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í w

¯ �áð[�Z® R �2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL T�g AK>HD<J��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í w

¯ �áð[� w � A�VWA 46p A�N 7 ACB 46;:5�� NvL:I[A 8O¤ B(��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í:à

¯ �áð[�áà g�4 G D T LC> 4Z8:5 L 5 I � D<GPAKN 4 VKL T XoL T V"D T LC> 468�5 �`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í:°

¯ �áð[� ¯ R �2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL Tu� ACB]D T >vB Q\8 N �$8 e D T > 4 JMLC>H?��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í ³

¯ � ² Xf?MLCJ<>HAKN g D<G�G�LON@1 �`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³Cw

ü ý Ò2ÉWä@ÏMÉCÖ ÊFÎ�Ë�ÒÁÏFä�çdÏmÓ�Ò�ÅPË�ómß�Ì\ÇKÌØÈCÌ\Ï©Î-Ì\Î}åæÌÛÓ�Ò[Æ�Ê<Î�Ó±çdè�éþÅ éþß�ÑØÈCÌÛù�Ê[ÈCÿ

çdÿ�ÊFÎ�Î�Ò[Ñ\Ç û��

°[�Z® Xf?MLCNcL�VW>HAKN 46õ LC> 4Z8:5�8OQ � 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e = e D T > 4 JMLC>H?+Xf?�L 5<5 A T �`�d�«�d�`� ³C²

°[� w � D<G�AKN 4 VKL T = 5 L T 1FB 4 B 8OQ X 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 g L p2465<; 465�e D T > 4 JMLC>H?�Xf?ML 5F5 A T �d�`� ð[®

°[�áà � DFGPAKN 4 VKL T = 5 L T 1 4 JMLC>H?�Xf?ML 5<5 A T ð:í

°[�áà[�Z® = 5 L T 1FB 4 B 8OQ.g 46;:5 L T X 8 G 0 4Z5<465<; Â 8 B@B}�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ð:í

°[�áà[� w Â 8 ^oAKN 3,8 D 5 I 8CQ.g�46;�5 L T X 8 G_0 465<4Z5<; Â 8 BHBP�`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ² ®

°[� ¯ � A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA�= 5 L T 1H?�Xf?ML 5<5 A T�R B]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 � ² °

°[� ¯ �Z® g�465<;�T A �Y46TZ8 > g 12G_0 8�T XoL:B]AP�`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ² °

°[� ¯ � w R �2>HA 5 B 4Z8:5 > 8 e D T > 4 J T A �Y46TZ8 > g 12G_0 8�T B g VWA 5 LCN 468 ��`��`�d�«�d�`� ²b³

°[�á° R �2J©A�N 4 G�A 5 >vL TM� ACB]D T >vB�h e D T > 4 JMLO>@?+XoL:B]A j �`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ²:²

p2464Z4

°[�á°[�Z® R �[JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL Tug AK>@D<J �`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ²:²

°[�á°[� w X 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 g L p[4Z5<; Bi�`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x ®

°[�á°[�áà g�46;�5 L T X 8 G 0 465F465<; Â 8 BHB��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x à

°[�á°[� ¯ R �[JMAKN 4 GPA 5 > � A�BED T >cB$h e D T > 4 J�LO>H?�XoL:BEA j �`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x °

°[�á°[�á° = 5 L T 1FB 4 B � A�BED T >cB 8OQ�g�46;�5 L T X 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; Â 8 B@B�h e D T > 4 JMLO>@? j �«�d�`�ï® xb³

°[�á°[�áí R �[JMAKN 4 GPA 5 > � A�BED T >cB 8CQo� NcL�VW> 4 VKL T�� = q`R�� ACV"A 46p AKNæ��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�® ¯

°[�áí Xf?MLCJ<>HAKN g D<G�G�LON@1 �`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�® ³

ì çdÏMÎ�Ë�Ñ\ß�Ç�ÌÛÏMÎ�Ç_Ê<Î�Ó��mßmÈCß�ÉCÒ+å ÏMÉCÍ Ý�âFö

í[�Z® g D<G�G�LON@1 ��`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® w ¯

í[� w ¬<D<>HDFNHA`� 8 N � �`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® w °

í[�áà X 8:5 V T DMB 468�5 ��`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® wb³

4 �

��[|�~ º�� æ��{}¼2½+|

¯ �Z® g >vL ; A"�£021b��BE>vL ; A�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >¡1PV 8 GPJMLCN 4 B 8:5�4Z5 ACL�V�?�B]>cL ; Ai0MAK>]^,AKA 5 >@?<A�>@NHAKA

BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@ACIP¬ g<g L 5 I 5<8�5 �£>@NHAKArBE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHACI�¬ g<gi4Z5 >HAKN@G�B 8CQfe = 7 BW� g >cL ; A

¯ 4 B,>H?FA«>@NHD 5 VKLO> 468:5 B]>cL ; A�� `�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ° w

¯ � w � ?<APDFJ<JMAKN`>H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I�L 5 I T68 ^,AKN`>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I@?<A_A��<LCGPJ T Ad>HACB]>`^.?<AKNHA

BE>vL ; A ¯ 4 B,>H?FA«>@NHD 5 VKLO> 468:5 B]>cL ; A�� `��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� °:°

¯ �áà � NHAKA 5<8 I[A�L 5 I 4 >vB.L:BHB 8 V 4 LC>HACI�J 8 BHB 4 0 T A � = q`R�§M5<; A�NcB��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³Cx

¯ � ¯ Ã A 5 AKNvLO> 465<; J 8:T 1 5<8 G 4 L T L 5 I 465F4 > 4 L TmTZ8 L:I2ACI p L T D<A Q\8 N ; A 5 AKNvLO> 4Z5<; 8 NH>@? 8:; �

8:5 L TfÃ$8�T I�V 8 I[A �«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³ ®

°[�Z® � LC>H?�>]1[JMA�V T L�BHB 4 § VKLC> 468�5+8CQ A��<LCGPJ T A�>HNHA�A��`s ^.?<AKNHAd>H?<A 5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ JMLO>@?>]1[JMA� ��à �`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ð:°

°[� w e D T > 4 J�LO>H? I2A T LK1`J<N 8C§MT A 8 0<>cL 465 A�I Q N 8 G ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I_X 7�e =(GPACL:B]D<NHA�GPA 5 >cB

� w�� `��`�`��`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x:x

°[�áà � LC>H?ÁV T L�BHB 4¥§ VKLC> 4Z8:5 NHACB]D T > 8OQ >H?<A�B 4 G D T LC>HACI+^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I(X 7�e = BE1FBE>HA�G�B

^ 4 >@?�® x DMBEAKNvB$L 5 I ¯ J�LO>H?�B�JMAKN9DMBEA�N �`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x:w

�

��[|�~ º�� 2¿��-�i½+|

w �Z® � N 4Z5 V 4 J T A 8CQ ¬ 7�7 L 5 I �.7�7-8 JMAKNcLC> 4Z8:5 �d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ²

w � w � LCNcL TZT A T J 46T68 >.Vc?ML 5F5 A T BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@A �`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ® ¯

w �áà �,4 G�AW�£G D T > 4 J T A"�2ACIiV�?�L 5<5 A T BE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHA��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ® ¯

w � ¯ � ?<APJFN 465 V 4 J T A 8CQ G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLO> 468 V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<; ^ 4 >@? 465 >H?FA+X 7�e = � = q`R

NHA�VWA 46p A�N �`��`�d�«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ®Kð

w �á° 3 L:B]ACBE>vLO> 468:5 0ML:B]AK0ML 5 I ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 IþX 7�e =/0 T68 V � NHACV"A 46p AKN��ª=0ML 5<��8OQ

� = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�NcBfLON@A�G�LC>cVc?<ACIi> 8��S� V 8 I2A«^�L p A Q\8 N@G�B 8OQ G D T > 4 J T A.DMBEA�NcB w à

w �áí � = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�N,LCNcVc? 4 >@ACVW>@D<NHA �`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� w ¯

w � ³ � = q`R V 8 G_0 465 AKN.0�L:BEA�I 8:5 G�LO� 4 G�L T NvLO> 4Z8 V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; � � ? 4 B � = q`R N@AW�

VWA 4Zp AKN,N@AKJ<N@ACBEA 5 >cBoL_B]JMACV 4¥§ V$0<NcL 5 Vc? 8OQ >H?FA«N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNoBE? 8 ^ 5�465 ¬ 46; D<NHA w �ñ° w °

¯ �Z® g ? 8 ^ 5�4 B 8:5 A 8CQ >H?<A��G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKNvB sÕq 4 B$>H?<A 5 DFG_0MAKN 8CQ D�BEAKNvBL 5 I �!� 4 B,>@?<A`G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PB]J<NHA�L:I �`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯:¯

¯ � w 7 ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 V 4 NcVWD 4 > Q\8 N 8:5 A 8OQ >H?<A`JMLCNcL TZT A T G�AK>H? 8 I §MT >@AKNcB.�`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ¯ °

¯ �áà X 8:5 BE>HN@DMVW>@ACI+V 8 I2A«>@NHAKA �#" �`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� í ²

� 4

¯ � ¯ g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 Ni>HA�BE> I[ACB 46;�5 ® 4Z5�g ACVW> 468:5*¯ �ñð2� w L�B

J<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%�-® x DMBEA�NcB s '&(� x*)áx ® s '+,� x*)áx:x:x ®��`�d�«�d�`� ³ à

¯ �á° g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;�TZ8 B@B Q\8 N,>@ACBE>�I[ACB 46;:5 ® 465+g A�VW> 4Z8:5P¯ �ñð[� w L�B,J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACI�021

h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s '&(� x/)ñx ® s '+0� x*)ñx�x:x ®��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³ ¯

¯ �áí g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 Ni>HA�BE> I[ACB 46;�5 w 4Z5�g ACVW> 468:5*¯ �ñð2� w L�B

J<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%�-® x DMBEA�NcB s '&(� x*)áx:x ® s 1+2� x*)áx:x:x ®��d�«�d�`� ³ °

¯ � ³ g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;�TZ8 B@B Q\8 N,>@ACBE>�I[ACB 46;:5 w 465+g A�VW> 4Z8:5P¯ �ñð[� w L�B,J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACI�021

h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s & � x/)ñx�x ® s + � x*)ñx�x:x ® �`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³ í

¯ �áð g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 Ni>HA�BE> I[ACB 46;�5 à 4Z5�g ACVW> 468:5*¯ �ñð2� w L�B

J<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%�-® x DMBEA�NcB s & � x*)áx:x�x ® s + � x/)ñx:x�x ® �«�d�`� ³:³

¯ � ² g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;�TZ8 B@B Q\8 N,>@ACBE>�I[ACB 46;:5 à 465+g A�VW> 4Z8:5P¯ �ñð[� w L�B,J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACI�021

h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s & � x/)ñx�x:x ® s + � x*)áx:x�x ® ��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ³ ð

°[�Z® ·$12J 8 >H?FACBEACB9V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 L TZT JMLC>H?MB 8OQ >]12JMA43/�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ð w

°[� w ·$12J 8 >H?FACBEACB T LO0MA TZT ACIPV 8 I[A`>HNHA�A � V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8�5 I 465F; > 8 >H?<A`AK�FLOGPJ T A.>HN@AKA � "8OQ ¬ 46; D<NHA ¯ �áàiL 5 I�V 8 I[Ad0 8�8��,5-6 � ��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`� ð ¯

°[�áà = ; A 5 AKN 4 V.>E^ 8 JMLO>@?�G 8 I[A T DMB]ACI_> 8 VKL T VWD T LO>@A$>@?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8OQ JML 4 N@^ 4 BEA

A p A 5 >cB"�87 4 B,>H?FA 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ B]>cL ; ACB.>H?MLC>�L�JMLC>H?�0<NcL 5 V�?FACB 465 > 8 >]^ 8 J�LO>H?�B ²:w

°[� ¯ X 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1ih\G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? j:9¶q �-® x DMBEAKNvB s �;� ¯ JMLC>H?MBYJMAKNfDMB]AKNfL 5 I 5<8 G_�465 L T<Q L T BEA�L T LCNHGªJ<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1< + � x � x:x�x ®`L 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHBEA�IiI[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1= '&>� x � x�x ® ��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x ð

� 464

°[�á° g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;`T68 BHB�h\G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? j:9�q �µ® x DMB]AKNcB s �;� ¯ JMLO>@?MB�JMAKN.D�BEAKNL 5 I 5<8 G 4Z5 L TMQ L T BEAiL T LCNHG'J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1= '+�� x � x�x:x ®�L 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACII[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1? 1&�� x � x:x ®ë��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® x:²

°[�áí X 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1*BHL p2465<; B�^ 4 >H?Á>HACB]>�I[ACB 46;:5 G 4 BEG�LO>cVc?�h\G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? j:9�q �ë® xDMB]AKNcB s �;� ¯ JMLO>@?MB�JMAKN.D�BEAKN9L 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T©Q L T B]A`L T LONHG J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1? 1+��x � x:x�x ®iL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACIPI[A�>HACVW> 468�5 J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1@ '&>� x � x�x ® �«�d�`�ï®�® x

°[� ³ g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;iTZ8 B@Br^ 4 >H?�>HACB]>`I[ACB 46;:5 G 4 BEG�LO>cVc?�h\G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? j:9oq �'® xDMB]AKNcB s �;� ¯ JMLO>@?MB�JMAKN.D�BEAKN9L 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T©Q L T B]A`L T LONHG J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1? 1+��x � x:x�x ®iL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACIPI[A�>HACVW> 468�5 J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1@ & � x � x�x ® �«�d�`�ï®�®:®

°[�áð g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;.TZ8 B@B,hÛG D T > 4 JMLC>H? jA9mq � à$DMBEA�NcBYL 5 I�Â?� ¯ JMLC>H?MB sb5F8 G 4 �5 L T JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 8OQ I2AK>HACV"> 468�5 1+,� x � x�x:x ®�L 5 I 5<8 G 4Z5 L T G 4 BHBEA�IiI[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1= '&>� x � x�x ® s©5<8 G 465 L T�gb�� )��° I 3 �`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�® w

°[� ² g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<; T68 B@BihÛG D T > 4 JMLC>H? jA9$q � àPDMBEAKNvB`L 5 I�Â�� ¯ JMLC>H?MB`L 5 I5<8 G 465 L T�Q L T B]A L T LCNHGæJ<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1, '+�� x � x:x�x ®�L 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 B@BEACI�I[AW�>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1@ '&>� x � x�x ® sM5<8 G 465 L Tmg2�� °_I 3 ��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�®Kà

°[�Z® x e D T > 4 J�LO>H?�I 4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1 ; L 465B9fq � à«DMB]AKNcBoL 5 I�Â,� ¯ JMLO>@?MB s25<8 G 4Z5 L T J<N 8 0[�LO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 '+�� x � x:x�x ®iL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 B@BEACI�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLK�0 4ZT64 >]1? 1&�� x � x�x ® sM5<8 G 465 L T�g2�� )��°_I 3 �`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�®K°

°[�Z®:® e D T > 4 J�LO>H?�I 46p AKNvB 4 >]1 ; L 465C9�q � à�DMBEAKNvB�L 5 I�ÂD� ¯ JMLO>@?MB+L 5 I 5F8 G 4 �5 L TuQ L T B]A`L T LON@G'J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1@ + � x � x:x�x ®dL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L T G 4 B@BEACI�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1= '&>� x � x�x ® s©5<8 G 465 L T�gb�� -° I 3 �`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�®Kí

� 464Z4

°[�Z® w g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHB 4Z5 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L TÕ� = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 9mq �-® x DMBEA�NcB s �;� ¯JMLC>H?MB`J©A�N«D�BEAKNdL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L TmQ L T B]APL T LCNHG�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]10 '+�� x � x:x:x ®PL 5 I5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACI�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1, '&�� x � x:x ® s >HA�BE> 4 B�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�> 8I[AK>@ACVW>9B 46;:5 L T ^ 4 >@?,E8FHG��JI�°LK*M ��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�®Kð

°[�Z®Kà g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHB 4Z5 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L TÕ� = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 9mq �-® x DMBEA�NcB s �;� ¯JMLC>H?MB`J©A�N«D�BEAKNdL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L TmQ L T B]APL T LCNHG�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]10 + � x � x:x:x ®PL 5 I5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACI�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1, & � x � x:x ® s >HA�BE> 4 B�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�> 8I[AK>@ACVW>9B 46;:5 L T ^ 4 >@?,E8FHG��°NK*M �`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï®�® ²

°[�Z® ¯�g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHB 4Z5 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L TÕ� = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 9mq �-® x DMBEA�NcB s �;� ¯JMLC>H?MB`J©A�N«D�BEAKNdL 5 I 5<8 G 465 L TmQ L T B]APL T LCNHG�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]10 '+�� x � x:x:x ®PL 5 I5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACI�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1, '&�� x � x:x ® s >HA�BE> 4 B�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�> 8I[AK>@ACVW>�B 4Z;:5 L T ^ 4 >@?�EOF=G � I�°LK*M � t 0MB]AKN p LC> 468�5 ^ 465 I 8 ^æB 46õ A2FQPR�®LSvà*SK® x LON@A�V 8 GPJMLCNHACIÕ� �`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® w:x

°[�Z®K° g�4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHB 4Z5 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L TÕ� = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 9mq �-® x DMBEA�NcB s �;� ¯JMLC>H?MBiJMAKNiDMBEA�N sf5<8 G 4Z5 L T J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ$Q L T BEA�L T LON@G '+T� x � x�x:x ®+L 5 I5<8 G 465 L T G 4 BHB]ACI�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1, '&�� x � x:x ® s >HA�BE> 4 B�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�> 8I[AK>@ACVW>�B 46;:5 L T ^ 4 >H?�EOF=G��°NK*M � t 0MB]AKN p LO> 468�5 ^ 465 I 8 ^�B 4Zõ A-FQP,��®NScà*S�® xLON@AiV 8 GPJMLCNHACIu� �«�d�`��`��`�`��`��`�d�«�d�`��`�`��`��`��`�d�«�d�`�ï® w ®

� 46p

U�V À { º ¼2| ��¹-¾ z {}{ �i½?W��[�î~X�2ºÁ¹þ|

Y/Z I[ACV 4 B 468�5 >H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I Q\8 N�I[ACV 4 I 4Z5<;�4 Q LiB 46;:5 L T�4 B,J<N@ACBEA 5 > 8 N 5F8 >

[ D<J<JMAKN9>H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I 465 �*L T I l B.LCJ<J<N 8 � 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5

[]\ D<J<JMAKN9>H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I�LO>�BE>vL ; A�^ 465 G D T > 4 B]>cL ; A$?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B.>HA�BE>[]_'` >H?<A`>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I+LO>.>@NHD 5 VKLO> 468:5 BE>vL ; AaFQb= 7 X L 5 L T68:; > 8 I 4Z;:4 >vL T V 8�5[p A�NH>HA�N

=�� Ã�� L:I 4Zp A�^.? 4 >@A Ã D�L:BHB 4 L 5�5<8:4 BEA

= g2� L p A�NcL ; AdBHLOG�J T A`B 46õ A

c:d£he^ j >H?<AdI<LC>cLi0 4 >.>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�I Q\8 N9DMBEA�NgfSLC>.> 4 GPAQ^M T68 ^,AKN.>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I 465 �*L T I l B.LOJFJ<N 8 � 4 G�LC> 468�5

3.Rf� 0 4 >.AKN@N 8 N.NcLO>@A

M-\ T68 ^,AKN.>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I�LO>�BE>vL ; Ah^ 465 G D T > 4 BE>vL ; A$?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B,>@ACBE>3.�,g2q 0 465 LCNH1PJF?ML:B]AiBE? 4¥Q > � AK1 465<;

X 7�e = V 8 I[AiI 46p24 B 4Z8:5 G D T > 4 J T A9L:V�VWACBHB

X V 8 I[A90 8�8�� X s V 8:5 >cL 465<4Z5<; L TZT >H?<A9J 8 B@B 4 0 T A�BE? 4 Q >cB 8OQ��S� V 8 I[A 8CQ L T6T >H?<A.D�BEAKN

� p

5 6 V 8 I[A�0 8�8�� ^.? 4 Vc?+V 8:5 >cL 4Z5 B.L TZT >H?<AdB]? 4¥Q >vB 8CQf�f� V 8 I[A 8OQ L T6T >@?<A�D�BEAKN9V 8�5 �

>cL 4Z5 ACI 465 >@?<A`G_D T > 4 �£JMLC>H?�B 46;�5 L Ti 6 G 4 � 465<; V 8�5 BE>vL 5 > 8CQ G D T > 4 BE>vL ; A$?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B,>@ACBE>

ikj G 4 � 465<; V 8�5 BE>vL 5 > 8CQ G D T > 4 BE>vL ; A$?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B,>@ACBE>

5ml V�?ML 5<5 A TZ46õ LC> 4Z8:5 V 8 I2A Q\8 N.J 46T68 >9V�?�L 5<5 A T

X 7 ¬ VWD<G D T LC> 46p A9I 4 BE>@N 4 0<D<> 4Z8:5PQ D 5 V"> 468�5

5On V�?ML 5<5 A TZ46õ LC> 4Z8:5 V 8 I2A Q\8 N9IFLO>cL Vc?ML 5<5 A T

5 d �S� V 8 I2A Q\8 N.D�BEAKNgfX g � V�?ML 5<5 A T B]>cLC>HA 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 4Z8:5

5 d ho^�I�p drq j �S� V 8 I2A Q\8 N.D�BEAKNgffL Q >@AKN�LiV 4 NvVWD T LCN.B]? 4¥Q >gp dsqX g � V�?ML 5<5 A T B]>cLC>HA 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 4Z8:5

Ket >H?<AdLON@NcLK1�> 8 N@ACV 8 NvI[ACIP>H?FA�I2AK>HACV">HACI_J�LO>H?�B

K d ho^ j I<LO>vL_B]1[G 0 8:T >@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACI Q N 8 G'DMB]AKNQf 465 > 4 GPAQ^7 = I<LO>vL_L 4 I[ACI

7�7 I 4 V 4 B 4Z8:5 I 4 N@ACVW>@ACI

7«g<gFg I 4 N@ACVW>.B]ACa�D<A 5 VWAdB]J<NHACL�I�BEJMACVW>@NHD<G

R,Ã X ACabD�L Tm; L 465 V 8 G 0 465F465<;

¬ 7�7 Q NHACa�D<A 5 V"1PI 4Zp[4 B 4Z8:5 I[D<J T AK�

¬ g Q D T6T B]ACLONvV�?

¬ g<g § �[A�I�B@LOGPJ T A`B 46õ A

Ã 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ Vc? 4 JMB,JMAKN9BE12G_0 8�Tu8 N9J<N 8 VWACBHB 465<; ; L 465

u d ho^ j V�?ML 5<5 A Tm4 GPJ<D T BEA9NHACB]J 8:5 B]A 8OQ DMB]AKNQffLC>.> 4 G�AQ^

� p[4

v " ?[12J 8 >H?FACBEACB.>H?�LO>9I[A 5F8 >HA�B 4Z;:5 L Tm4 B 5<8 >$J<N@ACBEA 5 >

v 6 ?[12J 8 >H?FACBEACB.>H?�LO>9I[A 5F8 >HA�B 4Z;:5 L Tm4 B,J<N@ACBEA 5 >

w F dsq 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA$J T DMB 5<8�4 B]A Q\8 N.>@?<Ahf byx JMLO>@? 8OQ DMB]AKNQf Q\8 N.D<J T64Z5<�Â t`g T6465 A 8OQ B 46; ?[>

� 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ J�LO>H?�B 8CQ ACL:Vc?�DMBEA�N

�!� G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�I[A T L�1�BEJFNHACL�I�NHA ;:468�5

� � � 465 >HAKN@JMLO>@? 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A

ÂÕ¬ g2� T6465 ACLON Q AKA�I[0ML:V � BE? 4 Q >.NHA ;�4 BE>@AKNcB

z 6 G 8 I 4¥§ ACI_G_��BEACa�D<A 5 VWA$> 8_; A 5 AKNvLO>@A«>@?<A 8 N@>H? 8�;:8:5 L T,Ã98:T I+V 8 I2A

z j G 8 I 4¥§ ACI_G_��BEACa�D<A 5 VWA$> 8_; A 5 AKNvLO>@A«>@?<A 8 N@>H? 8�;:8:5 L T,Ã98:T I+V 8 I2A

7 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ B@LOGPJ T ACB 465 ¬ g<g >HACB]>

e = 7 B G_D T > 4 J T64 VKLO> 4¥8�5 L 5 I+L�I 468�5 B

e =�� G_D T > 4 J T A9L�VKVWACB@B 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA

e XY�@X 7�e = G_D T > 4 �]VKLCNHN 4 AKNfV 8 I[AiI 4Zp[4 B 4Z8:5 G D T > 4 J T A9L:VKV"ACBHB

e ¬ G�LO>vV�?<A�I §MT >@AKN

e · � G_D T > 4 BE>cL ; A�?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B,>@ACBE> 465<;

e � � G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? 465 >HA 5 B 4 >]1iJ<N 8O§MT A

e�� X G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLC> 4Z8 V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;

^ > 4 G�A 4Z5 I[AK�

^�ho{ j >H?<Ah{ byx ^.? 4 >HA ; DML�BHB 4 L 5�5<8�4 B]A�B@LOGPJ T A`LC>�Vc? 4 J�G�LO>vV�?<A�I §MT >@AKN 8 D<>HJFD<>F�ho|*S:} j j 5<8 N@G�L T I 4 BE>@N 4 0FD<> 4Z8:5 ^ 4 >H?�GPACL 5 |iL 5 I p LCN 4 L 5 VWAh} j

��7 = 5<8:5 I<LO>vL��L 4 I2ACI

� p2464

F b >HNHD 5 VKLO> 468�5 BE>vL ; A

� 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ J�LO>H?�B 8CQ ACL:Vc?�DMBEA�N

F]~ 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ J 46TZ8 >�BE12G_0 8�T B 465�8:5 A B T68 > 465 > 4 GPA`G D T > 4 J T AK�2AKI_J 46T68 >`Vc?ML 5<5 A T

BE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHA > 8 >vL T�5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ JMLO>@?+>]1[JMACB

n J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5

t-��g ¬ 8 NH>@? 8:;�8:5 L TYp LON 4 LO0 T AdBEJ<N@ACL:I 465<;iQ L:VW> 8 N

'& J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ G 4 B@BEACIPI2AK>HACV"> 468�5

'+ J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ�Q L T B]AdL T LCNHG

�f� JMBEAKD�I 8_5F8:4 B]A

�,g = J 46TZ8 >9BE12G 0 8�T L 4 I[ACI

k 8[g abDML T64 >E1 8OQ BEAKN p[4 VWA

� he^ j NHACVWA 46p ACI I 4 B@VWNHA�>HAW�¡> 4 GPA9B 4Z;:5 L T

�9e�g N 8�8 >�GPACL 5 BHa�DMLON@A

g X BEA T AK> 4Z8:5 V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;

g � �� B 46;�5 L T > 8i4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A 5<8�4 B]A«NvLO> 468

g2�� B 46;�5 L T �£> 8 � 5<8:4 BEAW�¡NcLC> 4Z8

g2�f�Y� BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 NcLC> 468 >HA�BE>

��" V 8 I[A`>HN@AKA 8OQ V 8 I[A`0 8�8:�,5�s V 8�5 >vL 465F465<; L T6T >@?<A`J 8 BHB 4 0 T AdBE? 4 Q >cB 8CQo�f� V 8 I[A8OQ L T6T >H?FA«D�BEAKN

� ?[12J 8 >H?FACBEACB T LC0MA T ACI�V 8 I[A�>@NHAKA

| B 46;�5 L T GPACL 5

� p246464

| 6 B 46;�5 L T GPACL 5 D 5 I2AKN v 6�1� V�? 4 J�J©A�N 468 I

�.7�7 > 4 G�A�I 4Zp[4 B 4Z8:5 I[D<J T AK�

�.7 Â >cLOJFJ©A�I+I[A T LK1 T64Z5 A

�$t = > 4 G�A 8CQ LON@N 46p L T

�.� X >HNcL 5 BEG 4 >,J 8 ^,A�N�V 8�5 >@N 8�T

�$g2�f�Y� >HNHD 5 VKLO>@ACI�BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1�NcLO> 468 >@ACBE>

� d � = q`R V 8 G 0 465F465<; ^,A 46; ?2>cB.LC>$>@?<Ahf byx G�LO>vV�?<A�I §MT >HAKN 8 D<>HJFD<>

� dsq � = q`R V 8 G 0 465F465<; ^,A 46; ?2>cB Q\8 N$D�BEAKNgffLO>.>@?<Ag� b�x G�LO>vV�?FACI §�T >HA�N 8 D<>@J<D<>�J5 hoK d he^ jHj ��L T BE?�V 8 I[AdV 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 >H?<AdI<LC>cLi0 4 >gK d ho^ j�)X 7�e = ^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�V 8 I[AdI 46p24 B 468�5 G D T > 4 J T A9L:V�VWACBHB

��ÂÕ= � ^ 4 NHA T ACB@B T68 VKL T LONHA�L 5 AK>]^ 8 N � B

� e�g = ^,A 4Z; ?2>HACI_G D T > 4 ��B TZ8 >�L p A�NcL ;�465<;

� Ã LCDMBHB 4 L 5 NcL 5 I 8 GæBEA�abD<A 5 VWA

� d Ã LCDMBHB 4 L 5 NcL 5 I 8 G p LON 4 LO0 T AdLO>.> 4 GPA 465 I2AK�?f� dsq > 4 G�A�I 8 G�L 4Z5 V 8 N@NHA T LO> 4Z8:5 BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V Q\8 N$>@?<Ag� b�x JMLC>H? 8OQ >@?<Ahf byx D�BEAKN�Q� dy� q >HACB]>9BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 VKB 8OQ >H?<A Q LO>@?<AKN 5<8 I2A 465 J<D<>.> 8 >HN@AKA 5<8 I2APh 4¡s ¢ j

� 5<8 G 4Z5 L T J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ�Q L T BEAdL T LONHG

� 5<8 G 4Z5 L T J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ G 4 B@BEACI�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5

� dsq BHVKL T LON�LO>@>HA 5 DMLC> 468�5 AK�[JMAKN 4 A 5 VWACI_021P>H?FA]� byx JMLO>@? 8CQ >@?<Ahf byx D�BEAKN

� dsq � = q`R V 8 G 0 465F465<; ^,A 46; ?2> 8OQ 0<NvL 5 Vc?�� Q\8 N.DMB]AKNQf� BED<GPG�LO> 4Z8:5

� 4 �

� 465 >HA ; NcL T

� >H?<AdBE>vL 5 IFLONcI�h 5<8 N@G�L TZ46õ A�I jfÃ LCDMBHB 4 L 5 I 4 B]>HN 4 0<D<> 468:5 Q D 5 VW> 468:5

�-� 6 >H?<A 4652p AKNvBEA 8CQ��

� d he| j J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 >H?�LO> e · � N@ACL:Vc?<ACBoBE>vL ; AXffV 8:5 I 4 > 4Z8:5 A�I 8�5 B 46;�5 L T BE>@NHA 5F; >H?H|

� d ho| j J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1`>@?MLO> v�6�4 B�L:VKVWA�J<>HACI`LC>fBE>vL ; AgfÕV 8:5 I 4 > 468:5 ACI 8�5 B 4Z;:5 L T BE>@NHA 5F; >H?|

� d he| j J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1`>@?MLO> v�"f4 B�L:VKVWA�J<>HACI`LC>fBE>vL ; AgfÕV 8:5 I 4 > 468:5 ACI 8�5 B 4Z;:5 L T BE>@NHA 5F; >H?|

� V 8:5 B]>cL 5 >

} j p LCN 4 L 5 VWA 4Z5îÃ LCDMBHB 4 L 5 I 4 BE>@N 4 0<D<> 4Z8:5

} jb >H?<AKN@G�L TÕ5<8:4 BEA p LON 4 L 5 VWA

} jd�� q 0 8 >H? 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A,L 5 I L:I 4Zp A.>H?<AKN@G�L T25<8�4 BEA.A��[JMAKN 4 A 5 V"A,021�>H?FA�� byx J�LO>H?8OQ f byx DMB]AKN

p >HNHD 5 VKLO> 468�5 >H?FNHACB]? 8:T I

p dsq 465 >HA ; AKN9V�? 4 JP> 4 GPA`I2A T LK1 465 NHACB]JMACVW> 4Zp A�> 8 > 8i§ NvBE>9LON@N 4Zp[4Z5<; V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 > Q\8 N

� byx JMLO>@? 8CQ f byx DMBEA�N

�2�

Ä � ��-~�½+� �

��¹(~��iº�¾R�þ��~4�2º(¹

�� ¡4¢8£¥¤4¦�¢8£¥¡<§

� 5 >H?<A�^ 4 NHA T ACBHBi^ 8 N T I s >@?<A�I[AKG�L 5 I Q\8 N�L:I p L 5 VWACI(^ 4 N@A T A�BHBPV 8 GPG D 5<4 V"LO> 468�5 BiBEAKN p[4 VWACB

4 B ; N 8 ^ 4Z5<; LO>iL 5 AK�[J T68 B 46p A NcLC>HA�� f8:4 VWA�L 5 I TZ8 ^,�£NvLO>HA�I<LC>cL�B]AKN p24 VWA�Br>@?MLO>i>@?<A�BEACV 8:5 Ib�; A 5 AKNcLC> 4Z8:5 G 8 0 4ZT A*BE1FBE>HA�G�B�J<N 8Cp[4 I[AÁLONHA 465 B]D*¨�V 4 A 5 > 465 >H?<A 5 AK^/G 4ZT6T A 5<5<4 DFG ^.?<AKN@A? 4Z; ?[��BEJMAKACI�� 5 >HAKN 5 AK>�L:VKVWA�BHB9L 5 I p24 I[A 8*© ? 46; ?2�]a�DML TZ4 >]1 4 G�L ; ACB,>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 468�5 LONHAd>cL � A 5�Q\8 N; NvL 5 >HACIÕ� � ?<A�>HN@A 5 I 4 B�> 8 ^.LCNcI ;:T68 0ML T�465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 468�5�5 AK>]^ 8 N � B�>H?�LO> 8C¤ A�N«ªMA�� 4 0 T APG D T �> 4 GPACI 4 L 4Z5[Q\8 N@G�LO> 468�5 BEAKN p[4 VWACB$> 8 DMB]AKNcB 8:5 I[AKG�L 5 I s L 5 1[^.?FAKNHA s L 5 12> 4 GPA�� ?<A 5 AKA�Iî> 8

BEDFJ<J 8 NH>�0ML 5 I[^ 4 I2>H?[� 465 >HA 5 B 46p A¦G_D T > 4 GPAKI 4 LYB]AKN p24 VWA�B©J T L:VWACB 5 AK^�L 5 I«Vc?ML T6T A 5<;:4Z5<; I[AKG�L 5 IHAKG�B.L 5 I 5 AK>]^ 8 N � BW� � ?<A�>@? 4 NvIb� ; A 5 AKNvLO> 468:5 h£à Ã«j G 8 0 46T A`BE1FBE>@AKG�B$h¡VKL TZT ACI

� e�� w�x:x�x j LONHA�0©A 465<; I[A�B 46;�5 ACI_> 8 BED<JFJ 8 NH>.^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I�BEAKN p[4 VWACB s LC>9I<LO>vL�NcLO>@ACB.L:B,? 46; ?�L:B

w e 0 © B s ^ 4 >H?�>@?<A`BHLCGPA`a�DML TZ4 >]1�L:B § �[A�I 5 AK>]^ 8 N � B � ² s ® x s[¯ ° s í[® � �f�£> 4 B,A p A�NH1 8:5 A l BY^ 4 B]?>H?�LO>.^ 4 N@A T A�BHBfV 8 D T I�L:VW> T64Z� A�L`^ 4 NHA�IPV 8:5F5 ACVW> 468:5 � ��8 N@ACL TZ46õ A Q D<>HDFNHA�^ 4 NHA T ACBHBYG D T > 4 G ACI 4 L

®

V 8 GPG_D 5<4 V"LO> 468:5 B]1<B]>HAKG�B s L 5 AK^�^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 IP^ 4 NHA T ACB@BSL�VKVWACB@BS>@ACV�? 5<8:TZ8:; 1 465 V 8 N@J 8 NcLC> 465F; L:B

G�L 5 1 NHACV"A 5 >o>HACVc? 5<8�T68�; 1�I[A p A T68 J<GPA 5 >cBYL�B�J 8 BHB 4 0 T A 4 B 5 ACVWACB@BHLCNH1��

� 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�I 4 NHACVW>�BEA�abD<A 5 VWA�V 8 I[A�I 46p24 B 4Z8:5 G_D T > 4 J T A�L�VKVWACB@B�hÛ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I)X 7�e = ji4 B

AKGPA�N ;:4Z5<; L:B�>@?<A.J<NHA�I 8 G 4Z5 L 5 >�^ 4 NHA T ACB@B�>@ACV�? 5<8:TZ8:; 1 Q\8 Nf>H?FA.à Ã L 5 Ii0MAK1 8:5 IiB]1<B]>HAKG�B s L 5 I

4 B�0MA 4Z5<; I[A p A TZ8 JMACI+>H?FN 8 D ; ? 8 D<>�>@?<A_^ 8 N T Iu� � 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�X 7�e = 4 B�I[A�B 46;�5 ACI�> 8 ªMAK� 4 0 T 18O¤ AKN9^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I+BEA�N p24 VWACB s B]DMV�?�L�B�^ 4 NHA T ACBHB.� 5 >HAKN 5 AK>.B]AKN p24 V"ACB$h 4 � A �YJ©A�L � NcLC>HA 8OQ à�ð ¯P� 0 © B> 8 I 8 ^ 5<T68 L:I 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 468�5 Q N 8 G >H?<A��AK0 j L 5 I p24 I[A 8 >@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 4Z8:5 h£I<LC>cL�NcLC>HA�D<J�> 8

w e 0 © B j �±� 4 I[AK0ML 5 I 4 BPACBHB]A 5 > 4 L T6T 1 LO0 8 DF>�I<LC>cL NvLO>@A�� ?<A�JF?[1FB 4 VKL T�TZ4 G 4 >cLC> 468�5 B L 5 I4 G�JML 4 NHGPA 5 >vBS> 8 NcL�I 468 Vc?ML 5<5 A T B�hÛ0ML 5 I[^ 4 I2>H?�V 8�5 BE>@NcL 4Z5 >vB s G D T > 4 J�LO>H? Q L:I 4Z5<;<su5F8:4 B]A s L 5 I

465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA j J<NHA�BEA 5 > Q D 5 I<LOG�A 5 >vL T >HACVc? 5<4 VKL T Vc?ML TZT A 5F; ACBu> 8 >H?<A ;:8 L T<8CQ N@A T64 LO0 T Af? 46; ?iI<LC>cL

NcLC>HAdV 8 GPG_D 5<4 VKLC> 4Z8:5 B � ® ³ s w í s wb³ s<¯ ° s í�à s í:° � �

��8 V 8 G_0MLC>i>H?<A�G D T > 4 JMLC>H? Q L�I 465F;<s.� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp A 4 B�DMB]ACI > 8 V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 > T 1*V 8 G_0 4Z5 A

G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB 4Z5 ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =}B]1<B]>HAKG�B"� � ?<A 8 N@AK> 4 VKL TZT 1 s ^oAiV 8 D T I�DMBEA L 5

L:IFLOJ<> 46p A � = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKNf^ 4 >@?PD 5<TZ4 G 4 >HACI�N@ACB 8 D<NcV"ACB,L 5 I 4Z5 BE>vL 5 >.L:IFLOJ<>vLO0 4ZT64 >]1�B 8 >@?MLO> 4 >

V 8 D T I�V 8 G 0 4Z5 AiL T6T >H?<A�NHACB 8:T6p LC0 T A G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�B 46;:5 L T B"��n 5[Q\8 NH>HD 5 LO>@A T 1 sm4 > 4 B 4 GPJ<NcL�VW> 4 VKL T

I[D<A�> 8 JFN 8 ? 4 0 4 > 46p A�V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1��P·9AKNHA s I[A�B 46;�5<465F; L T68 ^ V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =

NHA�VWA 46p A�N 4 B.L_V 8 GPJ T AK>HA T 1 8 JMA 5 J<N 8 0 T AKG��

��:¬ =®,¯ ¯ ¦4°O± ¡�²D³´¡<§a¢�°�£¥µ0®?¢O£�¡<§,¶

� ?<AdV 8�5 >@N 4 0FD<> 4Z8:5 B 8CQ >H? 4 B,>H?<A�B 4 B.LCNHA 9

w

· � N 8 J 8 BEAdL 5<8Cp A T JMLONvL T6T A T V 8 I[A`L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 B@V�?FAKGPA.^ 4 >@?P>HN@AKA�BEACLCNcVc? s ^.?<A�NHA9G_D T > 4 �B]>cL ; AiB]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T ?21[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B,>HA�BE> 4Z5<;i4 B,A�GPJ T68 1�ACIi> 8 JFNHD 5 Ad>H?<AdV 8 I2A«>@NHAKA �

· 7 A T LK1_>@?<A`I[A�V 4 B 468:5�8OQ G D T > 4 BE>vL ; A$?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 Bf>HACB]> 465F; h e · �$j B 8 >H?�LO>.>H?FA�A ¤ ACVW> 8OQVWN 8 B@B��V 8 N@NHA T LO> 4Z8:5�8OQU�S� V 8 I2ACB 8CQ I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >.DMB]AKNcB.LCNHAdG 4 > 46; LC>HACIÕ�

· � A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA�L 5 L T 1H?<A`J<N 8 J 8 B]ACI�V 8 I[AdL:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468�5 BHVc?<AKGPA.021 >HNHD 5 VKLO>@ACI�BEAW�a�D<A 5 > 4 L T L 5 L T 1FB 4 B 465 B 4Z5<;:T A.JMLO>@?PV�L:BEA � � ?<A9JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA.LCNHA9a�DML 5 > 4 § ACI�021iB]>HACL�I[1b�

B]>cLO>@AdV 8 GPJFD<>cLC> 468�5 L T V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1iB@L p2465F; B.L 5 I+B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<;`T68 BHBW�

· = 5 L T 1FB 4 B 8CQ V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p[4Z5<; B 465 G D T > 4 J�LO>H?dVc?ML 5F5 A T Bm021 T LO0MA TZT6465F; V 8 I2A.>HNHA�A,^ 4 >@??21[J 8 >H?<ACB]ACBYL 5 IiV T L�BHB 4¥Q 1`>H?<AoJMLO>@?MBYL�VKV 8 NvI 465F; > 8 >@?<A.I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >¦V 8:5 VKLO>@A 5 LO> 468�5�8OQ >@?<A

B]ACabDFA 5 VWA 8CQ ?21[J 8 >@?<ACB]ACBW�

· t 0<>vL 465 L 5 L T 1[> 4 VKL T NHACB]D T > 8CQ B 46;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;ÁT68 B@B 465 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?-Vc?ML 5F5 A T B+021A 5 D<GPA�NcLO> 465<; >@?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T J 8 ^,AKN 8OQ L T6T >H?FA+J 8 B@B 4 0 T A�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?ÁI[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 NHACB]D T >vB

^oA 46; ?[>@ACI(0[1�>@?<A*V 8 N@NHACB]J 8�5 I 4Z5<; J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 � � ?<A*V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ

L 5 L T 1 T 1PNHACI2DMVWACIP021�LOJ<J T 1 465<; 7 AiXoLCA 5ml B,D 5<468�5 0 8 D 5 Iu�

· g >@DMI[1 >H?<A�Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 468�5 J<N 8 0 T A�G Q\8 N,JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L T ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =)NHA�VWA 46p A�NcBW��AfACBE> 4 G�LC>HAY>@?<AoV�?ML 5<5 A T >vLOJd^,A 4Z; ?2>cBu021�J 46TZ8 >�B]1[G 0 8:T L 4 I[A�I�h �,g = j �¡^,A 46; ?2>HA�IrG D T �

> 4 B TZ8 >�L p AKNcL ;:465F; hÛ� e�g = jS§MT >HAKN 4Z5 0 8 >H?�B 465<;�T AdJ 46TZ8 >�L 5 I�G_D T > 4 J T A9J 4ZT68 >�BE12G 0 8�T B

B@VWA 5 LCN 468 BW�

à

��¹¸ º´»H¼½¶�£�¶%¾�®?¢8¿�£�§H¼

� 5 >H?<A Q\8:T6TZ8 ^ 465<; Vc?MLOJF>HAKNvB s ^,A`J<N 8 J 8 BEA L 5 AK^ T68 ^,�]V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.LCNcVc? 4 >@ACVW>HDFNHA Q\8 N

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =}V 8 GPG D 5<4 V�LO> 4Z8:5 BoBE1FBE>@AKG�B s ^.?FAKNHA V 8 I2A L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5¶s V�?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�L��

> 4Z8:5 L 5 I � = q`R V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<; LONHA 4Z5 V 8 N@J 8 NcLC>HACIÕ� � ?<A ;:8 L Tm8OQ >H? 4 B.BE>@DMI[1 4 B,> 8 L�V�? 4 A p A.>@?<A

T68 ^-V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 8OQ >@?<A�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNf^.? 46T A 465 >HN 8 I2DMV 465F; L_G 8 I[AKNcLC>HAdB 4Z;:5 L T I2AK>HACV"> 468�5 J©A�N Q\8 N]�

G�L 5 VWA�>@NcL:I2AW� 8C¤ �

��A 0MA ;:4Z5�8 D<NiI2A p A T68 J<GPA 5 > 465 Xf?�LOJ<>@AKN w ^ 4 >@?�L�BED<N p AK1 8CQ >@?<A_^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =

BE1FBE>@AKGªL 5 I_NHACV"A 46p AKNULONcVc? 4 >HACVW>@D<NHA ��=�0<N 4 A Q¶465 >HN 8 I2DMVW> 4Z8:5P8CQ X 7�e = V 8:5 V"AKJ<>cB s�4 >cBoL:I p L 5 �

>cL ; ACBiL 5 I�I 4 B@L:I p L 5 >vL ; A�B 465 V 8�5 >@NcL�BE>i> 8 >@?<AP>@NcL:I 4 > 4Z8:5 L T ¬ 7�e =±L 5 I �.7�e ='BE1FBE>@AKG�B

4 B Q\8�T6T68 ôACIî021�>H?FA 5 A�^µ>HACVc? 5<4 VKL T�Q A�LO>HDFNHACB 8OQ ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I X 7�e =ªBE1FBE>@AKG�B�L 5 I�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@A��9¬ 8�T6TZ8 ^ 4Z5<; >H? 4 B s ^,A Q\8 NHG D T LC>HA�>@?<A�JFN 8 0 T AKG > 8 0©A�B 8�T6p ACI 465 >@? 4 B.>H?FACB 4 B�^ 8 N �

L 5 I�>H?FA�V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8�5 I 465F; B]1<B]>HAKG'A 5[p24 N 8:5 GPA 5 >��

� 5 Xf?MLOJF>HAKN�à s ôA$G 8Op A 465 > 8 >H?<A9NHACL T G 8CQ B 46;�5 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 >H?<A 8 NH1 s 0MA ;�465<5F465<; ^ 4 >H?�L

§ �2ACI BHLOG�J T A9B 46õ A`h¡¬ g<g<j >HA�BE>K�f¬ 8�T6T68 ^Á>H? 4 B s >HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T ?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 BY>@ACBE>oL 5 I 4 >vB

L:I p L 5 >vL ; ACB 8Cp AKNf¬ g<g LON@A$JFNHACB]A 5 >@ACIu� � ?<A�Vc?MLCJ<>HAKNoV 8�5 V T DMI[ACBY^ 4 >@?PLdI[ACB@VWN 4 J<> 4Z8:5i8OQ G D T �

> 4 BE>vL ; A.?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B�>HACB]>.h e · �$jvs L�G 8 I 4¥§ ACI Q\8 N@G 8OQ¶�$g2�f�Y� L TZ8:5<; ^ 4 >H? 4 >cB�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA

L 5 L T 1FB 4 BW�

X 8 I[A`L�VKabD 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5i4 BfL 5_4 GPJ 8 NH>vL 5 >fL:B]JMACVW> 465 L 5 1i^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 IPX 7�e =�NHACV"A 46p AKN�I2ACB 4Z;:5 B"�

� ?<A AKGPJ<?�L:B 4 B`BE? 4 Q >cB 465 V�?�LOJ<>@AKN ¯ > 8 ^�LONcI�>HN@AKA�BE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHACI�BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 0ML:B]ACI

V 8 I[A9L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 L T6;�8 N 4 >H?FG��¬ 4 NvBE> s >H?FA.I[A §�5<4 > 468:5i8CQ V 8 I[A9L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 L:B�ôA T6T L:BYI 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >

LOJFJ<N 8 L:Vc?<ACB+L�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >+V T L:B@B 4 § VKLO> 468�5 VWN 4 >HAKN 4 L 4Z5)TZ4 >HA�NcLO>@D<NHA�LCNHA�J<NHA�BEA 5 >HACI

¯

Q\8:TZT68 ^,A�I�021�B 8 GPA�N@ACBEACLCNcVc?<AKN l B,NHA�VWA 5 >.^ 8 N � � � ?<A 4 I[ACL 8OQ LOJFJ T 1 465<;�e · � > 8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?

I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5i4 BfI[ACBHV"N 4 0MACIiL 5 I_>@NHAKA9B]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@ACI�>HA�GPJ 8 NcL T BEA�LONcVc?�L T6;�8 N 4 >H?FG 4 BYJ<NHA�BEA 5 >HACIÕ��£>vB

JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 465 B 4Z5<;:T A�JMLO>@?�Vc?ML 5<5 A T B 4 B 8 0<>cL 465 A�I_0 8 >H?�021 e+8:5 >HA�XoLCN TZ8 B 4 G_D T LO> 468�5 L 5 I

5 D<GPAKN 4 VKL T V�L T V"D T LC> 468�5 �

� ?<A�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�L 5 L T 1FB 4 B 8CQ V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5*465 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�Vc?ML 5F5 A T B 4 B«>@?<A�BEDF0[�

¢HACVW> 8OQ V�?MLCJ<>HA�N�°2� 3 A ;�465<5<4Z5<; ^ 4 >@?�>H?<A�V�?�LONcL�VW>HA�N 4 B]> 4 V�I[ACB@VWN 4 J<> 4Z8:5+8CQ ^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�X 7�e =

G D T > 4 JMLC>H?*V�?ML 5<5 A T B s >H?<A�I 4 BHVWD�BHB 4Z8:5 J<N 8:; N@ACBHB]ACBi>H?<N 8 D ; ? ; A 5 AKNcL T64Zõ LO> 468:5�8CQ L 5 L T 1@ACL:I21b��BE>vLO>HA�V 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 4Z8:5 V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1`BHL p2465<; BSL 5 I B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;.TZ8 B@B 465 B 465<;�T A.JMLC>H?

Vc?ML 5<5 A T B�> 8 >H?MLC> 465 G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�V�?�L 5<5 A T BW��=�B�L 5 AK�[>@A 5 B 468:5¶s J<NvL:VW> 4 VKL T,� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

^ 4 >@? V�?�L 5<5 A T >vLOJ ^,A 4Z; ?2>�ACB]> 4 G�LO> 468:5d4 BYL T B 8�4652p ACBE> 46; LO>HA�Iu��= ; A 5 A�NcL T J 46TZ8 >¦BE12G_0 8:T L 4 I[ACIb�

^,A 46; ?2>HA�I«G D T > 4 B TZ8 >¶L p A�NcL ;�465<; h �,g =.�£� e�g = j Vc?ML 5F5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 468�5 LOJ<J<N 8 L�V�? 4 B�J<NHA�BEA 5 >HACI

> 8 ACB]> 4 G�LO>HAUV�?ML 5<5 A T >cLCJiV 8 Ak¨�V 4 A 5 >cB©0 8 >H? 465 B 4Z5<;:T ASJ 46T68 >YB]1[G 0 8:T L 5 I�G D T > 4 J T A�J 46T68 >�BE12G_�0 8:T BSB@VWA 5 LCN 4Z8 �f�£>fV 8�5 V T D�I[ACB�^ 4 >H?iAK�2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL T N@ACBED T >cB 8CQ >@?<A�LO0 8Cp A9L 5 L T 1FB 4 BfL 5 I e+8:5 >HA

XoLON T68 B 4 G_D T LO> 468:5 �

Xf?MLOJF>HAKN�íiBED<G�G�LON 46õ ACB�>H?<AdV 8�5 V T D�B 468�5 B 8OQ >H? 4 B,>H?<ACB 4 B.L 5 IPJ<NHACB]A 5 >.> 8 J 4 VKB Q\8 N Q D<>HD<N@A

NHA�BEACLCNcVc?m�

°

Ä � ��-~�½+� À

Á �*�i¸)¿��iºÂ�}¹-¾ º��ÄÃ �[¾ ½+{ ��¹þ¾ Ä Å Æ z

Ç ½��½H�ÈW(½��

¬�� ÉÊ§a¢!°O¡@Ë,®,Ì�¢O£¥¡<§

=µBEJFNHACL�I�B]J©A�VW>HN@D<GëX 7�e =µBHVc?<AKG�A 4 B 8:5 A 465 ^.? 4 V�?�>@?<A >HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACI+B 46;�5 L Tf4 B`B]J<NHACL�I

8Cp AKN�L�^ 4 I[A Q N@ACabDFA 5 VW1Á0ML 5 I s G_DMVc?(^ 4 I[AKNP>@?ML 5 >H?<A�G 465F4 GiD<Gë0�L 5 I[^ 4 I[>H?�NHA�abD 4 NHACI

> 8 >HNvL 5 B]G 4 >P>@?<A 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 468�5 0MA 465<; B]A 5 > � í:° � �'�£>�AKGPJ TZ8 1@?MLO> Q\8 N�L T6TJ<D<N@J 8 BEAdLCJ<JMACLONvB,NcL 5 I 8 Gª> 8 L 5 1 8:5 A�0FD<>,>@?<A 4Z5 >@A 5 I[A�I�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 8CQ >H?<A�>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@AKNY^�L p A

Q\8 N@G��.=�V">HDML T6T 1 s[Q\8 N9ACL:B]A 8OQ 0 8 >@? ; A 5 AKNcLC> 468�5 L 5 I�B]1 5 V�?<N 8:5<4Zõ LO> 468�5 021�>@?<A�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN s >@?<A

^.L p A Q\8 NHG 4 BiJMBEA�DMI 8 �¡NcL 5 I 8 G s G�ACL 5<4Z5<; >H?�LO> 4 > V�L 5 0MA ; A 5 AKNcLC>HACI�0[1*G�LO>@?<AKG�LC> 4 V�L T6T 1

J<N@ACV 4 B]A_N@D T A�B s 0FD<> BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKL T6T 1 4 > 5 ACLON T 1*BHLC> 4 B § ACB`>H?<APN@ACa�D 4 N@AKGPA 5 > 8CQ L+>HN@D T 1�NvL 5 I 8 G

BEA�abD<A 5 VWA��

í

=}X 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKGª?ML:B9BEA p A�NcL T L:I p L 5 >vL ; A�B 8Cp AKN 5 LON@N 8 ^.0ML 5 I �.7�e = 8 N9¬ 7�e =-BE1FB��

>HA�G�B 465 V T DMI 465<; D 5<46p AKNvBHL T�8:5 A"�]VWA T6T$Q N@ACabDFA 5 VW1ÁNHAKDMB]A s$4Z5 ?<AKN@A 5 >PNHACB 4 B]>cL 5 >�> 8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?

Q L:I 465<;Fs<5 LON@N 8 ^�0ML 5 I 4Z5 >@AKN Q AKN@A 5 VWA.N@A]¢HACVW> 468�5ms B 8OQ >9VKLCJML:V 4 >]1 s B 8OQ >9?ML 5 I�� 8C¤Ys B 4 GPJ TZ4¥§ VKLC> 4Z8:5

8OQ Vc?ML 5F5 A T L T6T68 V�LO> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0 T AKG s LO0 4ZT64 >E1`> 8 AK�2J T68�4 >¦B 46T A 5 >�JMAKN 468 I 4Zp[4 >]1 s

465 ?<AKNHA 5 >ÕGPACBHB@L ; ASJFN 46p L�VW1`L 5 I T68 ^�JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 8OQM4Z5 >@AKNcV"AKJ<> 4Z8:5 � à:° s à:í s à ³ s à�ð s à ²L� ��? 46T AX 7�e =�J<N 8 G 4 BEACBoL T6T >H?<AdLC0 8Cp A`GPAKN 4 >vB s >H?<A�NHAdLON@A�B]> 4ZT6T G�L 5 1i>HACVc? 5<4 VKL TÕ4 BHB]D<ACB,>@?MLO> 5 A�ACI

> 8 0MA�B 8:TZp ACIu� g 1 5 V�?FN 8:5F46õ LC> 468�5 > 8��f� B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA�B 4 B«B]> 4ZT6T L�I 4 ¨�VWD T >�>cL:B �+Q\8 N`LPN@ACVWA 4Zp AKN^ 4 >@? 798 J<J T AKNdL 5 I�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?+A ¤ ACVW>vB Q D<NH>@?<AKNdV 8 G�J T64 VKLO> 465<; >H?<A 4 B@BED<A � w ð � �_¬ML�BE>�J 8 ^,A�NV 8�5 >@N 8:To4 B�ACB@BEA 5 > 4 L TYQ\8 N V 8 G 0MLO> 465<;�5 ACLON]� Q LCNiA ¤ ACVW> 8:5 NHA p A�NcBEA�Vc?ML 5<5 A T B"� � ?FA 5 ACLCNE� Q LON

J<N 8 0 T AKG 8 VKV"D<NcB$^.?FA 5 LP>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@AKN9V TZ8 BEAi> 8 >H?FAi0ML:B]ACBE>vLO> 4Z8:5 BE^�LOGPJMB 8 D<>�>@?<Ai^,A�L � AKN

B 4Z;:5 L T B Q N 8 G'G 8 NHA`I 4 BE>vL 5 >.G 8 0 46T A�BW��·$A 5 V"A s >@?<A�J 8 ^,AKN T A p A T BYG_D�BE>f0MA�L�IK¢HDMB]>HACI�B 8 >H?MLC>

>H?FA+0ML�BEACB]>cLO> 468�5 N@ACVWA 4Zp ACB�>H?<A�BHLCGPA+J 8 ^,AKN Q N 8 G ACL�V�? 8OQ >H?FA�G 8 0 4ZT APD�BEAKNvBW� e D T > 4 J T A

L:V�VWACBHB 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWAih e =�� jf4 B�LiG�L 465PQ L:VW> 8 N�>@?MLO> T64 G 4 >cBf>H?<A�VKLOJ�L:V 4 >E1�L 5 I+JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA

8OQ�7«g �@X 7�e =ªBE1FBE>HA�G�BW� � ? 4 B�>]12J©A 8CQ.4Z5 >@AKN Q AKN@A 5 VWA 4 B$>H?<AiN@ACBED T > 8OQ >H?FA_NvL 5 I 8 G 8O¤ BEA�>cB

0MAK>]^,AKA 5 G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PB 46;�5 L T B 8OQ I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >oDMBEA�NcB s ^.? 4 Vc?PG�L � A�B 4 > 4 GPJ 8 BHB 4 0 T A$> 8 I[ACB 46;:5 >@?<A

V 8 I[A�^�L p A Q\8 NHG�B«> 8 0MA�V 8 GPJ T AK>@A T 1 8 NH>@? 8:;�8:5 L T �Á� 5 � °:ð s ° ² s í wL� s G_D T > 4 �£D�BEAKNdI[AK>@ACVW> 468:5h e n 7«j >@ACVc? 5<4 a�D<ACBoLON@AiJ<N 8 J 8 BEACI+> 8 VKL 5 VWA T >@?<A�G D T > 4 J T A�L�VKVWACB@B 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A s >@?<AKNHA Q\8 NHA

J<N 8Op24 I2A�B 46;�5<4¥§ V�L 5 >.J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA 4 G�J<N 8Cp AKG A 5 >oLO>9>H?<A`AK�2JMA 5 B]A 8CQ ? 46; ? 4 GPJ T AKG A 5 >cLO> 468�5

V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ >H?<AfN@ACVWA 4Zp AKNK� � ?2DMB s�Q\8 NmNHACL T �¡> 4 G�A 4 GPJ T A�G_A 5 >cLC> 4Z8:5.465 N@ACL TZ4 BE> 4 VYV 8 GPG D 5<4 VWLK�

> 4Z8:5 BE1FBE>HA�G�B©>@?<A T68 ^�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1.NHACV"A 46p AKNÕLCNcVc? 4 >@ACVW>HDFNHA 4 BuAK�[JMACV">HACI�> 8 >HNvL:I[AfJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA

Q\8 N�V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >£1��

� 5 ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I(X 7�e =ªV 8 GPG_D 5<4 VKLC> 4Z8:5 B�B]1<B]>HAKG�B sm4 > 4 B 8CQ >HA 5 I[ACB 4 NcLC0 T AP> 8 L T6T68 ^µ>@?<A

³

BEDF0MBHVWN 4 0MAKNP> 8 BEA 5 I�B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMB T 1 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 4Z8:5 > 8 >H?<A�0ML�BEA�B]>cLO> 468�5 ^.? 4ZT A�N@ACVWA 4Zp[4Z5<;

4652Q\8 NHG�LO> 4Z8:5�Q N 8 Gë>@?<A�0ML:B]A�B]>cLO> 468�5ms ^.? 4 Vc? 4 B�>HAKN@GPACI�I[D<J T AK� 465<; � 7 D<J T AK� 4Z5<; G�L�1�0MA

I 8�5 A`DMB 4Z5<;�Q NHACa�D<A 5 VW1 8 N.> 4 GPA�I 8 G�L 465 >HACVc? 5<4 abD<A�B � ¯ ° � � � ?<A�>@AKNHG I 8 ^ 5<TZ465<� 8 N Q\8 NH^.LCNcIT64Z5<� N@A Q AKNvB$> 8 >HNcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468�5+Q N 8 G�>@?<A 0ML:B]APB]>cLO> 468�5 h § �2ACI 5 A�>E^ 8 N � B 4 I2A j > 8 >@?<A_G 8 0 4ZT A

>HA�NHG 4Z5 L T hÛD�BEAKN9ACa�D 4 J<G�A 5 > j L 5 I�>H?<A`>HA�NHG'D<J T6465F�_8 N$N@A p AKNcB]A T64Z5<� N@A Q AKNcB,> 8 >@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468:5

Q N 8 G�>H?<AiG 8 0 4ZT A�>@AKNHG 465 L T > 8 >@?<Ai0ML�BEA�BE>cLC> 4Z8:5 ��¬�N@ACa�D<A 5 VW1�I 4Zp[4 B 4Z8:5 I[D<J T AK� 465<; h£¬ 7�7`j

J<N 8Op24 I2ACBu>]^ 8 I 4 B]> 465 VW>m0ML 5 I<B 8OQFQ NHACa�D<A 5 V 4 ACB Q\8 N�A p AKNH1�DMBEAKN sO4 � A�� sWQ\8 N@^.LONvI«0ML 5 IPh£I 8 ^ 5FT6465F�©j

L 5 I�NHA p AKNcB]A$0ML 5 I�h\D<J TZ465<�Mj �¦� 5 ¬ 7�7�s L 5 1�I[D<J T AK��V�?�L 5<5 A Tm4 B.L:V">HDML T6T 1�V 8 GPJ 8 BEA�I 8CQ >]^ 8

B 4 GPJ T AK��V�?�L 5<5 A T B s L 5 IÁL�I[A p[4 VWA�VKL TZT ACI�I2D<J T A��[AKN 4 B�A�GPJ T68 1�ACI 465 B 4 I2A�A�L:Vc?(B]D<0MB@VWN 4 0©A�N

D 5<4 >9L 5 I+0�L:BEA�BE>vLO> 4Z8:5 > 8 L T6TZ8 ^�B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMBSNvL:I 4Z8 >@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468:5 L 5 I�N@ACVWAKJ<> 468�5�8�5 >@?<A

I[D<J T AK��Vc?ML 5<5 A T JML 4 NK� � A ; LONvI T ACB@B 8OQ >H?<AiJMLCNH> 4 VWD T LON�V�?�L 5<5 A T 0©A 465<; D�BEACI s >H?FA Q NHA�abD<A 5 VW1

BEJ T64 >¦0©A�>E^oAKA 5 >@?<A Q\8 N@^.LONvIPL 5 I�N@A p AKNcB]A.Vc?ML 5F5 A T<4 BSV 8:5 B]>cL 5 >f>H?<N 8 D ; ? 8 DF>,>H?FA9BE1FBE>HA�G � wb³¥� ��,4 G�A+I 46p24 B 4Z8:5 I[D<J T AK� 4Z5<; h �.7�7«j DMBEACB >H?<A�BHLOG�A Q N@ACa�D<A 5 VW1�0ML 5 I(0<D<>�L T >@AKN 5 LO>HA�B�>@?<A

>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 4Z8:5 I 4 NHACVW> 468�5i465 > 4 G�A��m� Q >H?<A9> 4 GPA.B]J T64 >Y0MAK>]^,AKA 5 >@?<A Q\8 NH^�LONvI_L 5 I_NHA p AKNcB]A,> 4 GPA

B TZ8 > 4 B�BEG�L T6T¡s >H?<A 5 >H?<A�>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 4Z8:5 L 5 I�NHA�VWAKJ<> 468:5*8OQ I<LO>vL�LOJ<JMACLCNcB B 4 G D T >cL 5 A 8 DMB�> 8

>H?FA«D�BEAKN��f¬ 46; D<NHA w �6® 46TZT DMB]>HNcLC>HACBf>H?<A 8 J©A�NcLO> 465<; JFN 465 V 4 J T ACB 8CQ >@?<Ad¬ 7�7 L 5 I �.7�7 G 8 I[ACB

465 �)X 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKG�BW� �.7�7 L T6T68 ^9BoV 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 468�5�8:5 LdB 465F;:T ArV�?ML 5<5 A T¡s L 5 IPB 4 GPJ T64¥§ ACB

>H?FA`BED<0�BHVWN 4 0MAKN,A�abD 4 J<GPA 5 >�0[1 8 G 4 >H> 465<; I2D<J T A��[AKN s L 5 I s >H?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s NHACI[D�VWA$>@?<A`B 46õ A 8OQ >@?<A

>HA�NHG 4Z5 L T BW�

� ?<AKN@A�LON@A�BEA p A�NcL TYQ L�VW> 8 NcB�^ 8 NH>@?�V 8:5 B 4 I2AKN 4Z5<; ^.?<A 5 V�? 8�8 B 4Z5<; ¬ 7�7 G 8 I2A 8 N �.7�7

G 8 I[A �}¬ 7�74 B�>vLON ; AK>@ACI)LC>�NcL:I 468 V 8 G�G_D 5F4 V�LO> 4Z8:5 BE1FBE>@AKG�Bi>H?MLC>�J<N 8Cp24 I[A 4Z5 I 46p24 I2DML T

NcL�I 468�Q N@ACabDFA 5 VW1 Q\8 NfACL:Vc?iDMB]AKNK� 3 ACV�LODMB]A.ACL:Vc?i>HNvL 5 B@VWA 46p A�NfB 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 D�B T 1�>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >cB¦L 5 I

ð

TDDFDD

t t

f f

Duplex separation

190 MHz

Uplink

Downlink Uplink Downlink

Bandwidth 5MHz Bandwidth 5MHz Bandwidth 5MHz

Guard

period

¬ 46; D<NHA w �6® 9,� N 4Z5 V 4 J T A 8CQ ¬ 7�7 L 5 I �.7�7-8 JMAKNvLO> 4Z8:5

NHA�VWA 46p A�B«NcL�I 468 B 4Z;:5 L T B_^.? 4 Vc? p LCNH1�G 8 N@AP>H?�L 5 ® x�x I 3 � wb³¥� s >H?<A Q NHACa�D<A 5 V"1�L TZT68 VKLC> 468�5DMB]ACI Q\8 N,>@?<A Q\8 N@^.LONvI�L 5 IPNHA p AKNcB]A�Vc?ML 5F5 A T BfG_D�BE>f0MA�V�LONHA Q D T6T 1 V 8�8 NvI 465 LC>HACIP^ 4 >H? 8 D<>]� 8CQ �

0ML 5 I�DMB]AKNcB,>@?MLO> 8 VKVWDFJ[1�B]JMACVW>HN@D<G'0MAK>]^,A�A 5 >H?FACBEA`>]^ 8 JMLC>H?MB"� e+8 NHA 8Cp AKN s >H?<A Q NHA�abD<A 5 VW1

BEA�JMLONvLO> 4Z8:5 G DMBE>m0MA�V�? 8 BEA 5 B 8 >@?MLO>�>H?FA 465 AK�[JMA 5 B 46p A � ¬�>HACVc? 5<8�T68:; 1dV 8 D T I«0MA,DF> 46TZ46õ A�Iu�m� 5

V 8�5 >@NcL:B]> sM�.7�7 A TZ4 G 4Z5 LO>@ACB�>@?<A 5 AKACI Q\8 N9BEAKJ�LONcLC>HA Q\8 N@^.LCNcI�L 5 IPN@A p AKNcB]A Q NHA�abD<A 5 VW1i0ML 5 I 4Z8:5 L T V 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 4 8:5�8 VKVWDFNcB 465 L�B 4Z5<;:T A Q N@ACa�D<A 5 VW1�0�L 5 Iu��· 8 ^,A p AKN s

NHA�VWA 46p A�N T LO>@A 5 VW1*VKL 5F5<8 > 0MA�L p�8:4 I[ACI�I[DFA�> 8 >@?<A Q L:VW>i>@?MLO>�V 8 GPG_D 5<4 V"LO> 468:5�4 B 5F8 > Q D T6T

I[D<J T AK� 4Z5 G 8 NHA`B]>HN 4 VW>9BEA 5 BEA��

¬��:¬ Í ¼QÎ ºÏ¼½Ì�»,§,£�ÌÐ¦«¿�Ñ=¼�¦½¢O®H°8¼�¶.£�§ Ò £�ËH¼Qµ,¦�§,Ë ³´ÓÔ Õ

� 5 ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 IîX 7�e = BE1FBE>@AKG�B s >H?<A�NHAiLCNHA�BEA p AKNvL Tm5 A�^�NHACa�D 4 NHAKGPA 5 >cB 9 ? 46; ?�B]J©A�VW>HNvL T AÖ¨_�V 4 A 5 VW1 s ? 46; ?*I<LC>cLPNcLC>HA su4Z5 >@AKNE��BE1FBE>@AKG ?ML 5 I 8Cp AKN�L 5 I�G_D T > 4 G_ACI 4 L�V 8 GPG D 5<4 VWLC> 468�5 B,^ 4 >@?

²

I 4 ¤ A�NHA 5 >,>@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 4Z8:5 a�DML T64 >]1 8CQ G D T > 4 J T AK�2ACI p�8�4 VWA s I<LO>vL s<4 G�L ; A�L 5 I p[4 I[A 8 L 5 I�I 4¥¤ AKNE�

A 5 >Ì[A T LK1�N@ACa�D 4 N@AKGPA 5 >cB Q N 8 G�I2A T LK1�B]A 5 B 4 > 4Zp A�N@ACL T �£> 4 GPA`>HNvL×¨�V�> 8 I[A T LK1Øª�AK� 4 0 T AdJML:V � AK>I<LC>cL[�

��8 G�AKAK>�>@?<A 5 AK^ BEA�N p24 VWAiN@ACabD 4 NHA�GPA 5 > s G 8 NHA�B 8 J<? 4 B]> 4 VKLO>@ACI�B 4Z;:5 L T J<N 8 VWACB@B 465F; L 5 I

V 8 GPG_D 5<4 V"LO> 468:5 B«>HA�V�? 5F4 a�D<ACB�LCNHA�J<N 8 J 8 B]ACI 465 � ² s w ¯Ms í x s í2® � � � ?<ACB]A 5 A�^'>HACVc? 5<4 abDFACB465 V T DMI2A 9 BE? 8 NH>oBHVWNvLOG 0 T64Z5<; V 8 I[ACBfV 8�5 VKLO>@A 5 LC>HACIi0[1 8 N@>H? 8�;:8:5 L Tup LCN 4 LC0 T A�BEJFNHACL�I 465<;�Q L�VW> 8 Nh tÐ��g ¬ j Vc?ML 5F5 A T64Zõ LO> 468�5 V 8 I[ACB � w ¯ � � ¯ ° � s > 4 G�A�G_D T > 4 J T A"�2ACI�J 46T68 >�Vc?ML 5<5 A T B]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@AdL 5 I� © k�V 8 I[AW�¡G_D T > 4 J T AK�2ACI�J 4ZT68 >oVc?ML 5F5 A T B]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@A � w ® � sOQ L:B]>,>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >¦J 8 ôAKNoV 8:5 >HN 8:T h �.� X j� ¯ ° � s J 4ZT68 >�BE12G_0 8�T L 4 I[ACI+h �,g = j ��V 8 ?<AKNHA 5 >�I[A T LK1 T68 V �_TZ8�8 J�hEX 7 ÂmÂ jcsÕ��g =�V 8 ?FAKNHA 5 >.V 8 I[AL:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5ms V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 > � = q`R V 8 G 0 465F465<;Fs�Q L:BE>�VWA T6T B]ACLONvV�?ÁD 5 I[A�N�L:B]1 5 Vc?<N 8:5<8 DMB 8 JMAKN]�

LO> 468�5ms B 8OQ > L 5 I�B 8OQ >@AKN�?�L 5 I 8Cp AKN sY465 >HAKN]� Q N@ACa�D<A 5 VW1�?�L 5 I 8Cp AKN s 0 T64Z5 I�0 4 >�NvLO>HA�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5ms

>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >�I 46p A�NcB 4 >]1 s G_D T > 4 DMBEAKNUI[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5ms >HD<N@0 8 V 8 I 4Z5<; L 5 I�BEG�LCNH>.L 5 >@A 5<5 L�B � w s í�à � �

ÙgÚeÙgÚÜÛ Ý-Þ]ßáàÊâOãQä¹ågæ�ç;ègãQàêé

� 5 X 7�e =-V 8 GPG D 5<4 V�LO> 4 8�5 BE1FBE>@AKG�B s >H?<A�BEJ<N@ACL:I 465<; V 8 I[ACB 4 B9V T L:BHB 4¥§ A�I 465 > 8 B]? 8 N@>`V 8 I[A�B

L 5 I T68�5<; V 8 I2ACB�L�VKV 8 NvI 465F; > 8 >@?<A�V 8 I[A T A 5<; >@?m��=±B]? 8 N@>iB]J<NHACL�I 465F; V 8 I[A ?ML�BiL�JMAKN 4Z8 I

ACa�DML T > 8 >H?FAiBE12G 0 8�T I[D<NvLO> 4Z8:5ms ^.? 4ZT A�>@?<A�JMAKN 468 I 8OQoT68�5<; V 8 I[A 4 B,G DMVc? T LCN ; A�N�>H?ML 5 >@?<A

BE12G 0 8�T I2D<NcLC> 468�5 � � 5 L T68�5<; V 8 I[A�BE1FBE>@AKG s >H?<A V 8 NHN@A T LC> 468�5 0MAK>]ôAKA 5 >@?<A DMBEAKNvB`V�?ML 5<; A�B

Q N 8 Gï0 4 >�> 8 0 4 >iL 5 I�>H?FAPG_D T > 4 J T A�L:VKV"ACBHB 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWAPh e =�� j >@?<AKN@A Q\8 N@APLCJ<JMACLONvB�> 8 0MA

NcL 5 I 8 G 465 > 4 GPA s V�LODMB 465<; >@?<A�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA Q\8 N�I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >PDMBEA�NcB_> 8 0MAÁhÛG 8 NHA 8 N T ACBHB j

4 I2A 5 > 4 VKL T L 5 I�I[AK>@AKNHG 465 ACI�021 >H?<AdL p AKNcL ; A 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A T A p A T � g ? 8 N@>�V 8 I[ACB s28:5 >H?FA 8 >H?<A�N

® x

?ML 5 I s ?ML p A�VWN 8 BHB��V 8 NHNHA T LO> 468�5 B�>H?MLC>�NHAKG�L 465 D 5 V�?ML 5<; A�I 8Op A�N$> 4 GPA s L 5 I�L 5 D 5[Q\8 N@>HD 5 LC>HA

DMB]AKN.G 46; ?[>o0MA«>@NcLCJ<JMACI 4Z5 L 5+4Z5[Q AKN 4Z8 NoJ©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA`BHV"A 5 LON 468 �

� 5 ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I X 7�e =ªBE1FBE>@AKG�B s G_D T > 4 J T AdBEJFNHACL�I 465<; >HACVc? 5<4 abDFACB�LON@A_D�BEACI�^.?<AKN@A_>@?<A

I<LC>cL 4 B § NcBE>rBEJ<N@ACL:I+021�LPB]? 8 N@> 8 N@>H? 8�;:8�5 L T V 8 I[A Q\8:TZT68 ^,A�I�021�LPB]J<NHACL�I 465F; 0[1�L �f� BEAW�

a�D<A 5 VWA�B s ^.? 4 Vc? 4 B,V"A T6T �]B]J©A�V 4¥§ V,0FD<>.V 8 GPG 8�5 > 8 L TZT DMB]AKNcB 8OQ >H?�LO>.V"A T6TM465 >H?FA Q\8 N@^.LONvI T64Z5<�

L 5 I+DMBEAKN]�]B]JMACV 4¥§ V 465 >H?<AdNHA p A�NcBEA TZ465<� � � ?<AiB]? 8 N@> 8 N@>H? 8�;:8:5 L T V 8 I[ACB�LONHA�VKL TZT ACI�V�?�L 5<5 A T �

46õ LO> 4Z8:5 V 8 I[ACBdL 5 I �f� V 8 I[ACBdLONHA�VKL TZT ACI�BHVWNvLOG 0 T64Z5<; V 8 I2ACBW��·$A 5 V"A s ACL�V�?�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468:5

Vc?ML 5<5 A T V 8 I[A 4 B�I 4 B]> 465F; D 4 BE?<ACI(021(>@?<A�V 8 G_0 4Z5 LO> 468�5(8OQ L�V�?ML 5<5 A TZ46õ LC> 4Z8:5 V 8 I[A�L 5 I�L

BHV"NcLOG 0 TZ465<; V 8 I[A��¬ 8 N_AK�FLOG�J T A s�465 � g � ² °�B]1<B]>HAKG�B s L�^.L T B]? 8 NH>@? 8:;�8:5 L T B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA�B 8OQ

T A 5<; >@?+í ¯_4 B,DMBEA�I+L:B9LiVc?ML 5<5 A T64Zõ LO> 468:5 V 8 I[A 4Z5 >H?<A Q\8 N@^.LCNcI TZ465<� L 5 I+I 4 ¤ A�NHA 5 > 8C¤ B]AK>cB 8OQ

L+V 8 GPG 8�5+TZ8:5<; G_�]B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA 4 B�DMB]ACI�L�B�B@VWNcLCG_0 TZ465<; V 8 I[A�� 8 BED<J<J 8 NH>�G D T > 4 �¡NcLC>HA�L 5 I

p LON 4 LO0 T A`NcLC>HAiIFLO>cLi>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 4Z8:5ms L p LON 4 LC0 T AW� T A 5<; >@? 8 N@>H? 8�;:8�5 L T B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA 4 B,DMB]ACI+L�B�>@?<A

Vc?ML 5<5 A T64Zõ LO> 468:5 V 8 I[A 465 0 8 >H? Q\8 NH^�LONcI TZ465<� L 5 IPNHA p AKNcB]A T6465F� � � ?<A$>]^ 8 � T LK1�AKNHA�I_B]J<NHACL�I 465F;

V 8 I[AdL T6T68 V�LO> 4Z8:5 J<N 8Cp24 I[ACB8ª�AK� 4 0 T A�BE1FBE>@AKG I[A�J T68 12GPA 5 >,L 5 I 8 JMAKNvLO> 4Z8:5 � ²×� � w ¯ � �

ÙgÚeÙgÚeÙ ëgâ8é/ì�í�ß#â�ågé�îïäðìòñ=èÊóÏàôßJç�è$åOì/ß#è�õ,ö�í�ñ÷çÂø

� 5 ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�B]1<B]>HAKG�B s,Q L:BE>�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >_J 8 ^,AKN�V 8�5 >@N 8�T h �.� X j 4 BPDMB]ACI�B 8 >H?MLC>

L TZT B 46;�5 L T BS>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�I Q N 8 GªI 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >fG 8 0 46T A,>HA�NHG 4Z5 L T BYLON@A$N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI�^ 4 >@?PL T G 8 BE>fACa�DML T

J 8 ^,AKN¦LO>m>@?<A,0ML�BEACB]>cLC> 468�5 N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNM^.? 4 Vc?`NHACI[D�VWACBu>H?FASG D T > 4 J T A¦L:VKVWA�BHB 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWAoh e =�� j

VKLCDMBEACI�021�>@?<A T LCN ; A�I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 VWA�B 465 N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI�B 46;:5 L T J 8 ^,AKNvB�NHA�BED T > 465F;�Q N 8 G->H?<Ao^,A TZT � �[5F8 ^ 5

5 ACLCN ©"Q LON.J<N 8 0 T AKG'L 5 I Q L:B]> Q L:I 4Z5<; � � ?<AKN@A`LON@A�>]^ 8i�2465 IHN 8�T GPACVc?ML 5F4 BEG�B s

®:®

5 LCGPA T 1 sY8 JMA 5 � T68�8 J-L 5 IÁV T68 BEACI�� TZ8�8 J�J 8 ôAKNPV 8:5 >HN 8�T �� 5 N@A p AKNcB]A T6465F�usSQ\8 N_A��<LCGPJ T A sS4 Q

8 JMA 5 � TZ8�8 J�J 8 ^,AKN�V 8:5 >HN 8:Tm4 B,DMBEACI s >@?<A`? 46; ?<AKN.>H?FA�NHA�VWA 46p A�I_B 46;:5 L T J 8 ôAKN.0[1�>H?<AdG 8 0 4ZT A s

>H?FA T68 ^,AKN 4 >cB9>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACI�J 8 ^,A�N 4 B�B]AK>dL 5 I p24 VWA p AKNcB@L[�d� Q V TZ8 B]ACIb� T68�8 J 4 B9DMBEACI s G 8 0 4ZT A

L:I�¢HDMBE>vB�>@?<A,>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�I�B 4Z;:5 L T J 8 ^,AKN�L�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 >@?<AoV 8 G�G�L 5 IFB Q N 8 G�>H?FAS0�L:BEA�BE>vLO> 4Z8:5

0ML�BEACI 8�5 >H?<A g � �� GPACL:B]D<NHA�GPA 5 >cB9LO>i>@?<A 0ML:B]A+B]>cLC> 468�5 � t JMA 5 � T68�8 J J 8 ^,A�NiV 8�5 >@N 8:Tf4 B

8:5FT 1 DMBEACI > 8 J<N 8Op24 I2A$>@?<A`V 8 LONcB]A 465F4 > 4 L T J 8 ^,AKN�BEAK>@> 465F; LO>o>H?<A�0©A ;:465F5<465<;i8CQ L�V 8�5<5 ACV"> 468�5

Q\8 N`>@?<A_JFN 4 G�A�NHA�L:B 8�5 >H?�LO>`>H?<A Q L:B]> Q L�I 465<;�4 BrA�BHBEA 5 > 4 L TZT 1�D 5 V 8 NHN@A T LC>HACI�0MAK>]^,AKA 5 D<J T64Z5<�

L 5 I I 8 ^ 5FT6465F�us I[D<AP> 8 >H?<A T LON ; A Q N@ACabDFA 5 VW1�B]AKJMLONvLO> 468:5 0MAK>]^,A�A 5 DFJ T64Z5<� L 5 I�I 8 ^ 5<T64Z5<�

0ML 5 I 8CQ >@?<A`^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 I�X 7�e =-¬ 7�7 G 8 I[A��

� 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =)B]1<B]>HAKG�BUA�GPJ T68 1 Q L:B]>.V TZ8 B]ACIb� T68�8 J�J 8 ^,AKNoV 8�5 >@N 8�T ^ 4 >@?+®�° x�x · õ$4Z5

0 8 >@?�D<J TZ465<� L 5 I�I 8 ^ 5<T64Z5<�Õs ^.? 46T A � g � ² °�DMBEA�B Q L�BE>`J 8 ^,AKNdV 8�5 >@N 8:T ^ 4 >H?�ð x�x · õi8:5FT 1 4Z5

D<J TZ465<� � 798 ^ 5FT6465F� J 8 ^,AKN9V 8:5 >HN 8�Tu4 BSACB@BEA 5 > 4 L T L T >@? 8 D ; ? 5<8i5 ACLCNE� Q LON.J<N 8 0 T AKG 8 V�VWD<NcB.I2D<A

> 8 G D T > 4 J 8:4Z5 >]�£> 8 �¡J 8�465 >9BHVWA 5 LON 468 0MACVKLCDMBEA 4 > 4 B.I[ACB 4 NvLO0 T A�> 8 J<N 8Op24 I2A�LiG�LCN ;:4Z5 L T LCG 8 D 5 >

8OQ L:I 4Z8:5 L T J 8 ^,AKN.> 8 G 8 0 4ZT A`B]>cLO> 468�5 B�LO>9>H?FA�V"A T6T ACI ; A s L:B$>@?<AK1�B]D ¤ AKN Q N 8 G 465 VWNHACL�BEACI

8 >@?<AKN VWA T6T,4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A��= T B 8+8�5 >@?<A�I 8 ^ 5<T64Z5<� L+G�AK>H? 8 I 8CQ A 5 ?ML 5 V 465<; ôACL � B 46;�5 L T B

VKLCDMBEACI+021 8 >H?<AKN�AKNHN 8 NE��V 8 NHNHA�VW> 4Z5<; G�AK>H? 8 IFB,0ML:B]ACI 8:5�4Z5 >@AKN T ACL p[4Z5<; L 5 I+AKNHN 8 N`V 8 NHN@ACVW> 465<;

V 8 I[A�B�I 8�5<8 >�1�AK>�^ 8 N � A ¤ ACVW> 4Zp A T 1 � � ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s I 8 ^ 5<T64Z5<�+Q L:B]>«J 8 ^,A�NiV 8�5 >@N 8:T¦4 GPJ<N 8Cp ACB

T64Z5<� JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�L 5 I+A 5 ?ML 5 VWACB9I 8 ^ 5<T64Z5<� VKLOJML�V 4 >]1��9�£>9NHACa�D 4 N@ACB 5 AK^ Q D 5 VW> 4Z8:5 L T64 > 4 ACB 4Z5

>H?FA.G 8 0 4ZT A s B]DMV�? L�B g � � ACB]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 I 8 D<>HAKN T68�8 J J 8 ^,AKNfV 8:5 >HN 8�T£s >@?MLO>oLCNHA 5<8 > 5 AKACI[ACI

465 � g � ² °iG 8 0 46T A�BW�

® w

ÙgÚeÙgÚeù ñ2äúõûèOìJç÷ügâ�åQågàêõ?Ý�ì*ß'ýgþ1ì�ýÐß#à

� ?<A�J<D<NHJ 8 BEA 8OQ LOJ<J T 1 4Z5<; J 4ZT68 >�Vc?ML 5<5 A T.4 B Q\8 N�V 8 ?FAKNHA 5 > � = q`R V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;<s V 8 ?<AKNHA 5 >

V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5¶s V�?ML 5<5 A T >vLOJ�^,A 4Z; ?2>`ACBE> 4 G�LC> 468�5ms J 8 ^oAKN V 8�5 >@N 8:T L 5 I�?ML 5 I 8C¤ B"� � ^ 8

>]1[JMACB 8OQ J 4ZT68 >9V�?ML 5<5 A T B 4Z5 ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 IîX 7�e = BE1FBE>@AKG�B.LON@A V 8 G�G 8:5 J 46T68 >�Vc?ML 5<5 A T B.L 5 I

I[ACI 4 VKLC>HACI�J 46T68 > V�?�L 5<5 A T B�L�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 ^.?<AK>@?<AKN�>@?<A�J 46TZ8 > B]1[G 0 8:Tf4 BiB]?MLON@ACI�0[1 8 >H?<A�N

DMB]AKNcB 8 N 5<8 >��.=�VKV 8 NcI 465<; > 8 >@?<AiB]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@A 8OQ J 4ZT68 >9L 5 I�I<LC>cL BE12G_0 8�T B s24 > 4 B.V T L:B@B 4¥§ ACI�L:B

> 4 GPAW�¡GiD T > 4 J T AK�2A�I�J 4ZT68 >.Vc?ML 5<5 A T L 5 I�JMLONvL TZT A T J 46TZ8 >9Vc?ML 5<5 A T BE>@NHDMVW>@D<NHA �

� 5 JMLONvL T6T A T J 4ZT68 >UV�?ML 5<5 A T B]>HN@DMVW>HDFNHA s >@?<A,J 46T68 >fBE12G 0 8�T BmLCNHA.>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI�^ 4 >H?i>H?FA.I<LC>cL

BE12G 0 8�T BYLC>,>@?<A�B@LOGPA.> 4 GPA � � ?<A�JMLCNcL T6T A T >HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 468�5 V 8 D T I�0MA�� © k�G D T > 4 J T AK� 4 5<;Fs V 8 I[AG D T > 4 J T AK� 4 5<; L 5 I Q N@ACa�D<A 5 VW1 G D T > 4 J T AK� 4 5<; � � LONcL T6T A T J 46TZ8 >�V�?�L 5<5 A T BE? 8 ^ 5�465 ¬ 46; D<NHA w � w

J<N 8Op24 I2ACB ;�8�8 I�>HNvL:V �[4Z5<;P8CQ Vc?ML 5<5 A T BE>vLO>HD�BrA�BEJMACV 4 L T6T 1 465+Q L:B]> Q L:I 465<; A 52p[4 N 8�5 GPA 5 >K� 3 DF>

>H?FA+B]JMACVW>HNvL T AÖ¨�V 4 A 5 V"1 4 B T68 ^ªL 5 I >@?<APJ 4ZT68 > Vc?ML 5<5 A T ^ 46T6T VKLCDMBEA 4Z5 >@AKN Q AKN@A 5 VWA > 8�8 >H?<A�NDMB]AKNcB,A p A 5 ^.?FA 5�5<8 IFLO>cL V 8 GPG_D 5<4 V"LO> 468:5 B 8 V�VWD<NK�

� 5 > 4 GPAW�¡GiD T > 4 J T A��ACIPJ 46TZ8 >`Vc?ML 5F5 A T B]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@APB]? 8 ^ 5�4Z5 ¬ 46; DFNHA w �áà s >H?FA �25<8 ^ 5 Fg~ dJ 4ZT68 >oB]1[G 0 8:T B¦LONHA9JMAKN 4Z8 I 4 V�L T6T 1�G D T > 4 J T AK��ACI 465 > 8 F n >@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�IiI<LO>vL�BE12G 0 8�T B"� � ?FAKNHAW�Q\8 N@A s,4 > 4 B 5<8 >�BED 4 >cLC0 T A Q\8 N�I[A T LK1�B]A 5 B 4 > 4Zp APNHA�L T �¡> 4 GPAP>@NcL×¨�V�BEDMVc?�L�B p�8�4 VWA�L 5 I p[4 I[A 8>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 4Z8:5+4Z5 V 4 NcVWD 4 >E��BE^ 4 >cVc?<ACI�BE1FBE>@AKG�B"� �m8 L T6T68 ^ Q\8 N�? 46; ?�BEJMAKA�I�I<LO>vL�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468:5

8Cp AKN.JML�V � AK>�BE^ 4 >cVc?<ACIP^ 4 N@A T ACB@B 5 AK>]^ 8 N � B s > 4 GPAW�¡G D T > 4 J T A��[ACI�J 46T68 >�B]>HN@DMVW>HDFNHA 4 B Q L p�8 NcLC0 T A

L 5 I 4 > 4 B,J<N 8 J 8 BEA�I 465 � w:wÿ� � ° wL� �

®Kà

Data Channel

Pilot Channel

¬ 46; D<NHA w � w 9o� LCNcL TZT A T J 46TZ8 >9Vc?ML 5F5 A T B]>HN@DMVW>HDFNHA

Pilot Data Pilot Data Pilot

N

Symbols Symbols

NDP

¬ 46; D<NHA w �ñà 9f�,4 GPAW�¡G_D T > 4 J T AW�2ACIiVc?ML 5F5 A T BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@A

¬��¹¸ Ò £�ËH¼Qµ,¦�§,Ë ³´ÓÔ Õ ��¼½Ì-¼�£�¤a¼Q°�Õ�°�Ì�»,£k¢!¼½Ìm¢8®H°O¼ÙgÚeùgÚÜÛ ��âOé äûþCé�è�� àêþCàÊä �màCß� 5 ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I)X 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKG�B s >@?<A�>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI�NcL�I 468 B 46;�5 L T 0ML 5 I2^ 4 I[>@? 4 B�>]12J 4 VKL T6T 1

T LCN ; AKN`>H?ML 5 >H?<A�V 8 ?<AKNHA 5 >�0�L 5 I[^ 4 I[>H? 8OQ >@?<A�V�?ML 5<5 A T � � ?<A ? 4Z; ?<AKNdVc? 4 J�NvLO>@ACB 465 ^ 4 I[AW�

0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�V 8 G�G_D 5F4 V"LO> 4Z8:5 BE1FBE>HA�G�B ;:4Zp A.G 8 [email protected]_D T > 4 JMLO>@?iI 4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1`>H?ML 5 >H?�LO> 465 5 LON]�

N 8 ^-0ML 5 I X 7�e =}ACBEJMACV 4 L TZT 1 4Z5 BEG�L T6T D<N@0ML 5 VWA TZT BW�9��?<AKN@ACL:B�V 8:52p A 5 > 468�5 L T G 8 I2D T LC> 468�5

BHVc?<AKG�ACBYNHACa�D 4 N@A`L 5 ACa�DML TZ46õ AKNf> 8 D 5 I 8 >@?<A 465 >HAKN]�]B]1[G 0 8:TM465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA90MAK>]^,AKA 5 L:IK¢cL�VWA 5 >

BE12G 0 8�T B s X 7�e =�B]J<NHACL�I 465F; V 8 I2ACB_LCNHA�I[ACB 4Z;:5 A�I > 8 JFN 8Cp[4 I[A p AKNH1 T68 ^'V 8 NHN@A T LC> 4Z8:5 0MAW�

>]^,AKA 5 BED�VKVWACB@B 46p A�V�? 4 JMB"�`� Q >@?<ACBEAiG D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB�LON@A I[A T LK1�ACI 465 > 4 GPA`021�G 8 NHA

>H?�L 5 LPVc? 4 J�I[D<NvLO> 4Z8:5ms >H?<AK1�LCJ<JMACLONvB TZ46� A`D 5 V 8 NHN@A T LC>HACI 5<8:4 BEA LC>`L�X 7�e =-NHACVWA 46p AKN�L 5 I

ACa�DML TZ46õ A�N 4 B 5<8 > 5 AKA�I[ACIu� � ?<ACBEA9D 5 V 8 NHN@A T LC>HACIiJMLC>H?MB.LCNHA�VKL TZT ACIiNHACB 8:TZp LC0 T A9JMLC>H?MBf0©A�VKLODMB]A

>H?FAK1�V 8 D T IP0MAdBEAKJMLCNcLC>HACI�0[1P>@?<AdV 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5�8CQ L BEJMACV 4 § V�B]? 4¥Q > 8CQo�f� V 8 I[A � wb³��

® ¯

� ?<AP0ML�B 4 V 4 I[ACL 8OQ L � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN9^.L�B § NvBE>dJ<N 8 J 8 BEACI�0[1 � N 4 VWA�L 5 I Ã N@AKA 5 � ¯ à � �g�4Z5 VWAP>@?<AKNHA 4 B�D�BEA Q D To465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 4Z8:5�465 >@?<APG D T > 4 JMLC>H?*V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >cB s¦� = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN`LO>]�

>HA�GPJ<>cBf> 8 V 8:TZT ACV">,>H?FA�> 4 GPAW��BE? 4 Q >HACIiNHA�J T64 VKB 8OQ >H?<A 8 N 46;:4Z5 L T B 46;�5 L T 0[1�J<N 8Cp24 I 4Z5<; B]AKJMLCNcLO>@A

V 8 NHNHA T LO> 468�5�Q\8 N9ACL�V�?�NHACB 8:T6p LC0 T AdJMLO>@?�L 5 I�>H?<A 8 D<>@J<D<> 8CQ A�L:Vc?+V 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 N 4 B�ôA 46; ?[>@ACI�> 8

J<N 8Op24 I2A`L�0MAK>H>@AKN,ACB]> 4 G�LO>@A 8CQ >@?<A�>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI B 4Z;:5 L T >H?ML 5�4 B,J<N 8Op24 I2ACI_021PLiB 465<;�T A`V 8 G_�

J 8:5 A 5 >�� 7 AKG 8 I[D T LO> 468�5 L 5 Iî0 4 >�I2ACV 4 B 468�5 LON@Ai>H?<A 5 0ML�BEACI 8:5 >@?<A�ôA 46; ?[>@ACI 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8CQ L

0ML 5<��8OQ V 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 NcB"�

� ?<A � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4 B�ACBHB]A 5 > 4 L T6T 1`L�I 4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1�NHA�VWA 46p A�N�I[ACB 4Z;:5 A�I�BEJMACV 4 L TZT 1 Q\8 NoX 7�e =

^.?<AKN@A`>H?<A�I 46p AKNvB 4 >E1 4 B�JFN 8Cp[4 I[ACIP021P>H?<A Q L�VW>$>@?MLO>9>H?FA«G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >cB.LON@A�J<NvL:V��

> 4 VKL TZT 1PD 5 V 8 N@NHA T LO>@ACI Q N 8 G 8:5 A L 5<8 >@?<AKN�^.?FA 5 >H?<A 4 N9NHA T LO> 4Zp A�J<N 8 JML ; LO> 468�5 I[A T L�1FB,AK�FVWAKACI

LiVc? 4 J�JMAKN 4Z8 I � wb³¥� �f=�B@BED<G�A�>H?MLC>Q��V 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 NvB.LON@A�DMB]ACI 465 X 7�e =�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNf> 8 VKLCJ<>HD<N@A>H?FA � BE>@N 8:5F; ACB]>_G D T > 4 JMLC>H?*B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >cB s L+ôA 46; ?[> 465<;�5 AK>]^ 8 N ��4 B�DMBEA�I > 8 J<N 8 �p24 I[AdL T6465 ACLON�V 8 G 0 4Z5 LO> 468:5�8OQ >@?<AiV 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 N 8 DF>HJ<D<>vB Q\8 N90 4 >�I[A�>HACVW> 468�5 ��X 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 N�® 4 B

BE1 5 Vc?<N 8�5<46õ ACI�> 8 >H?<A�BE>@N 8:5F; ACB]>�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?H3 6 � e D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >g3 j LON@N 4Zp ACB]p 6.T LO>HA�N>H?�L 5 V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >O3 6 � � ?<A�BEA�V 8:5 I V 8 NHNHA T LO> 8 N 4 B¦BE1 5 V�?FN 8:5F46õ ACI�> 8 3 j �f�£>fV 8 NHNHA T LO>@ACBfBE>@N 8:5F;:T 1^ 4 >@??3 j 0<D<>o?ML:B TZ8 ^ V 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5 ^ 4 >H? 3 6 � �98 >HA9>H?�LO> 4¥Q¶8:5<T 1 L�B 465<;�T A�V 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 N 4 BSDMB]ACI 4Z5>H?FA�NHACV"A 46p AKN sO8�5 VWA�>@?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8OQ >H?FA`B 4Z;:5 L Tu4 BoV 8 N@NHD<JF>HACI_021 Q L:I 4Z5<;<s >H?<A�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN¦VKL 5<5F8 >

V 8 NHNHA�VW>�>@?<A p L T D<A�� 3,4 >YI2ACV 4 B 468�5 B�0�L:BEA�I 8�5i8:5<T 1iL�B 465<;�T A9V 8 NHNHA T LO> 468�5 G�LK1�J<N 8 I[DMVWA�L T LON ; A

0 4 >,AKN@N 8 N.NvLO>@A��f� 5 L � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN s:4¥Q >H?FA 8 D<>@J<D<> Q N 8 G 8�5 AdV 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 N 4 B.V 8 NHN@D<J<>HA�I�021

Q L:I 465<;Fs >@?<A 8 >@?<AKNvB$G�LK1 5<8 >`0MA L 5 I�>H?FA V 8 N@NHD<J<>@ACI�B 46;�5 L T G�LK1�0MA I 4 BHV 8 D 5 >HACI+>@?<N 8 D ; ?

>H?FAP^,A 4Z; ?2> 4Z5<; J<N 8 VWA�BHBW� 7 A�V 4 B 468:5 0ML�BEACI 8:5 >@?<APV 8 G 0 465 LC> 4Z8:5�8OQ >H?FA e BEAKJ�LONcLC>HA�I[ACV 4 �

B 4Z8:5 BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKB 8C¤ AKNHACI�021�>H?<A � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN9J<N 8Cp24 I[ACB�L Q\8 NHG 8OQ I 46p AKNvB 4 >]1�^.? 4 V�?�VKL 5

®K°

8Cp AKNcV 8 GPA Q L�I 465<; L 5 IP>H?<A�NHAK021 4 GPJ<N 8Op A�X 7�e =)NHACV"AKJ<> 4Z8:5 �f=�BHBEDFGPA$>@?MLO>.>@?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF>cB 8OQ

��V 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 NvB`LONHA I2A 5<8 >@ACI�L:B � 6 S � j S )�)�) S �� L 5 I�>H?<AK1�LCNHAiôA 46; ?[>@ACI+0[1�^,A 4Z; ?2> 4Z5<; V 8 A Q �§ V 4 A 5 >cB � 6 S � j S )�)�) S �� s N@ACBEJMACVW> 46p A T 1�� ?<AiôA 46; ?[> 465<; V 8 AÖ¨�V 4 A 5 >cB9LON@API[A�V 4 I[A�I�0ML�BEACI 8�5I 4 ¤ A�NHA 5 > � = q`R V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<; J<N 465 V 4 J T ACBW� � ?<A 8Op A�NcL TZT ACBE> 4 G�LC>HACIPB 46;�5 L T � 4 B ;:46p A 5 0[1 9

� � �� d�� 6 � d#� � d h w �6® j

�m8 NHACL T646õ A$>@?<A`? 46; ?[�]B]JMAKACI 4 GPJ T AKG A 5 >cLO> 468�5i8OQU� = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�N s V 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 NvB.LON@A«N@AKJ T L:VWACI

021�V 8 I[A�G�LC>cVc?<ACI §�T >HA�NcB�L:BPAK�2J T L 465 A�I 465�g ACV"> 468�5)¯ �6®�� ?FAKNHA Q\8 NHA s ^,A�L�I<I[NHA�BHB+V 8 I[A

G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 4 GPJ T AKG A 5 >cL 4 8�5_T LO>HA�N 8:5 �

ÙgÚeùgÚeÙ �� ç;è$î��Qä¹ågä¹ågæ�íaàÊþ1üQå$ä��]ý$àÊé� 5 >@?<A TZ4 >HA�NcLO>@D<NHA s BEA p AKNvL T LCJ<J<N 8 L:Vc?<ACB�LCNHAdJ<N 8 J 8 BEACI+> 8 V 8 G_0 4Z5 A�>@?<A�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 GPJ 8 �

5 A 5 >cBfNHACB 8:TZp ACI�021�L�0ML 5<� 8OQ V 8 I[A`G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKNvBW� g A T A�VW> 4Z8:5 V 8 G 0 465F465<;`4 Bf>H?<ArB 4 G�J T ACB]>

� = q`R V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<; >@ACVc? 5<4 a�D<ACB s ^.?<AKN@A`>H?<AdV 8 I[A`G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 8 D<>HJFD<>$^ 4 >H?P>@?<A`? 46; ?<ACB]>

465 BE>cL 5 >vL 5 A 8 DMB g2��-4 B$D�BEACI�L:B §M5 L T I[ACV 4 B 468�5+p LON 4 LC0 T A�� ?<A � = q«R V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; ôA 46; ?[>

LO>9>H?FA4f b�x V 8 I2A«G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 8 D<>HJ<DF> 4 B 9

� d �� ® 4 Q�� d � � z?Y! #" � � 6�� S � � j � S )�)�) S � � \ �%$x 8 >H?<A�NH^ 4 B]A

h w � w j

^.?<AKN@A � d 4 B.>H?<A�I[ACBEJFNHACL�I[ACI+B 46;�5 L T LCGPJ TZ4 >HD�I[AdLO>9>H?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8OQ f b�x V 8 I[AiG�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKN8 DF>HJ<D<>��

� 5�8 NcI[A�N.> 8 AK�2J T68�4 >oG_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PB 46;:5 L T V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cBfG 8 N@A�AÖ¨�V 4 A 5 > T 1 s ACa�DML Tm; L 465 V 8 G_�0 4Z5<465<; h R,Ã X jm4 B�DMBEA�Iu�Y� 5 B]DMVc?iVKL�BEACB s >H?<Ao>cLCJi^,A 4Z; ?2>cB�LONHA9L T6T BEAK>�> 8 D 5<4 >]1 4 � A�� 6 � � j �

®Kí

)�)�) � �� -®:� g 46;:5 L T<Q N 8 GµACL:Vc? V 8 I[A�G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 4 BSV 8 J<?ML�BEACI�L 5 I BED<G�GPACI«> 8:; AK>H?<A�N> 8 J<N 8Cp24 I[A�ACabD�L Tf; L 465 G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�I 46p A�NcB 4 >]1�� ?<A�B]D<GPG�LC> 468�5�8OQ >@?<APACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�I+G_D T > 4 �

JMLC>H?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vBUG�L � ACB 4 >fJ 8 B@B 4 0 T A�> 8 J<N 8 I[DMVWA`L 5 L:V�VWAKJ<>vLO0 T A9B 46;�5 L TMQ N 8 GªL 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ

D 5 L�VKVWAKJF>cLO0 T A9>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACIiB 4Z;:5 L TMp AKNcB 468:5 BSL 5 I_>@?<A$JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A 4 BSB]D<JMAKN 4Z8 Nf> 8 BEA T ACVW> 468:5

I 4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1�h g27`j 0<D<> 4 B.B]> 4ZT6T J 8�8 N`B 465 VWA�^,ACL � AKN,G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cBoLONHA`ôA 46; ?[>@ACI�¢HDMB]>

L:B.G DMV�?�L:B.>H?FA�B]>HN 8:5<; AKN 8�5 ACB"�

� 5 LC0 8Op A`>]^ 8 G�AK>H? 8 IFB s >@?<A � = q«R V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<; ôA 46; ?[>vB.LONHA 4Z5 I[AKJMA 5 I2A 5 > 8OQ Vc?ML 5<5 A T

BE>vLO>@A 465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 4Z8:5ms >H?FAKNHA Q\8 NHA s Vc?ML 5F5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5�4 B 5<8 > 5 AKACI2ACIu��£> 4 B�ACL:B]1�> 8+4 GPJ T A"�

GPA 5 >K�¶=�B�L9J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA,>@NcL:I2AW� 8C¤¦s >@?<[email protected]]D<0[� 8 J<> 4 G�L T<� = q`R V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<; >@ACVc? 5<4 a�D<ACB"�

� ?<A 8 J<> 4 G�L Tm� = q`R V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; >@ACVc? 5<4 a�D<A 4 B,G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLC> 468 V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; h e�� X jcs ^.? 4 V�?

L:Vc? 4 A p ACB«>@?<A+? 46; ?FACBE> gb�� LO>�>H?<A�NHACVWA 46p AKNdL TZT >@?<A+> 4 GPA � wb³¥� � ¯:¯ � �� 5 G�LC� 4 G�L T NcLC> 4Z8V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;<s >@?<AdB 4Z;:5 L T B Q N 8 G L_0�L 5<��8OQ V 8 I[A�G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKNcB 8 D<>HJ<DF>cB�LCNHA�ôA 46; ?[>@ACI�L:V��

V 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 >H?FA 4 N 465 I 46p24 I[D�L T B 46;:5 L Tup�8�T >vL ; A�> 8�5F8:4 B]A�J 8 ^,AKNoNcLO> 468Fs V 8 J<?ML�BEACIP021i>H?<A�J<?ML:B]A

N 8 >cLC> 8 N L 5 I�BED<G�GPACI+> 8�; AK>@?<AKN�� e LC� 4 G�L T NcLO> 468 V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<; J<N 8 I[D�VWACBiL 5*8 D<>@J<D<> g2��

>H?�LO> 4 BfACa�DML T > 8 >@?<A`B]D<G 8CQ >H?<A 465 I 4Zp[4 I[DML T�gb�� B 8OQ ACL�V�?�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@? V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >K� � ?2DMB s

>H?FA 8 D<>HJFD<> gb��4 B,G�LC� 4 G 4 õ ACIu� � ? 4 B 4 B.L 5 L 5 L T 1[> 4 VKL T >HACVc? 5<4 abDFA$>@?MLO>9^ 8 N � B 8�5<T 1 4 Q ôA

L:B@BED<G�A�JMAKN Q A�VW> �25<8 ^ T A�I ; A 8OQ >H?<A�V�?�L 5<5 A T � w ð � s ^.?FAKNHAd>H?<A B 46;:5 L TYp�8�T >cL ; A 8OQ ACL:Vc?+G D T �> 4 JMLO>@?�V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cB9LO>�>@?<Ai>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HAKN9V 8 D T I+0©AiJMAKN Q ACVW> T 1PACB]> 4 G�LO>@ACIu��£> 4 B 4 GPJ 8 B@B 4 0 T A

465 J<NvL:VW> 4 VKL T.� = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKN��= 5 L T >HAKN 5 LO> 46p APGPA�>H? 8 I 4 B�> 8 DMB]A�>H?<A�>H?FA �[5F8 ^ 5 J 4ZT68 >

BE12G 0 8�T BY> 8 J<N 8Cp24 I[A�L 5 ACB]> 4 G�LO>@A 8OQ >H?FA�G 8 G�A 5 >vLON@1�Vc?ML 5<5 A T BE>cLC>HA�� ?FA`V�?�L 5<5 A T B 8 D 5 Ib�

465F; V 8 D T I_0MA 8 0<>vL 465 ACIP0[1�V�?�L 5<5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5�§MT >HAKN�� ?<A�ôA 46; ?[>vB,LON@AdV�? 8 BEA 5 BEDMVc?�>H?MLC>

� d � � � d � L�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 >H?FA�ACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�IPV�?�L 5<5 A Tm465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 468�5 �.� 5 ¬ 46; DFNHA w � ¯<s L 5 AK�FLOGPJ T A® ³

4 B.B]? 8 ^ 5 > 8_4ZT6T D�BE>HNvLO>@A�? 8 ^)>@?<A e�� X(^ 8 N � B 465�� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN � ¯ ° � �

Transmitted Modified

Symbol Received Signal

at each time delay

with the channel estimate

Combined symbol

RAKE Finger # 1

RAKE Finger # 2

RAKE Finger # 3

¬ 4Z; D<N@A w � ¯ 9Á� ?<A�J<N 4Z5 V 4 J T A 8OQ G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLO> 468 V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; ^ 4 >H? 4Z5 >@?<A X 7�e = � = q`RNHA�VWA 46p A�N

ÙgÚeùgÚeù ç÷ü$âÐå�ågàÊõ&=é*ì�ä¹îRâ�ì�äúè-åXf?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0 T AKG 4Z5 ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e = N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNcB9V 8 D T I�0MAPI 4Zp[4 I[ACI+> 8 >]^ 8

VKLC>HA ;�8 N 4 ACB 9 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�I[A T LK1PACB]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 I�G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�>cLOJ�LOGPJ T64 >@DMI[A`L 5 I�JF?ML:B]A�ACB]> 4 �G�LC> 468�5 �o� 5 >@? 4 B.>H?<A�B 4 B s >H?<AdG_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�I[A T LK1_ACB]> 4 G�LO> 468:5�4 B.L:VKV 8 GPJ TZ4 BE?FACI_021�BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T

�f� V 8 I2A�L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 ^ 4 >H?(>@NHAKA�BEACLCNcVc?�J<N 8 J 8 BEACI 465 Xf?MLOJF>HAKN ¯ L 5 I(>H?<A�V�?ML 5<5 A T >cLCJ

^,A 46; ?2>,A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5ms[5 A�ACI[ACI Q\8 N�V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 > � = q`R NHA�VWAKJ<> 468:5�4 B,ACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�I_0[1 §MT >@AKN 4Z5<; >@?<A

V 8 I[AiG�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 8 D<>HJFD<>cB�DMB 465<; LPVc?ML 5<5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5�§�T >HA�N�L Q >HAKN9>H?<AdA ¤ ACVW> 8OQ I<LC>cL

BE12G 0 8�T Bf?ML:B,0MAKA 5 N@AKG 8Cp ACI Q N 8 G'>H?FAKG�� 5 JFN 465 V 4 J T A s >@?<AdV�?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5i§MT >@AKN.VKL 5

®Kð

0MA 9

· L+J<N@ACI 4 VW> 8 N 9_4 Q94 >iDMB]ACB 8:5FT 1�>H?<A�JML�BE> BHLCGPJ T ACB«> 8 ACBE> 4 G�LC>HA >H?<A�VWD<N@NHA 5 >iVc?ML 5<5 A TV 8 Ak¨�V 4 A 5 >cB

· L ¨ §MT >HAKNv¨ 9Y4 QY4 >,DMB]ACB�J�L:BE>�L 5 I�J<N@ACBEA 5 >.B@LOGPJ T ACB Q\8 N�V�?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5

· L BEG 8�8 >H?<A�N 9Y4¥Q�4 >.DMBEA�B�JML�BE> s VWD<NHN@A 5 >.L 5 I Q D<>@D<NHAdBHLCGPJ T ACB

� ?<A�N@AKG 8Cp L TÕ8OQ I<LC>cL_G 8 I[D T LC> 4Z8:5 VKL 5 0MAiL:V�V 8 GPJ T64 B]?<ACIiA 4 >@?<AKN 4Z5 IFLO>cLK�]L 4 I[A�I�h 7 = jcs

I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 ��I 4 NHACVW>@ACI+h 7�7«jo8 N 5<8:5 I<LO>vL��L 4 I2ACI�h ��7 = j G�L 5<5 AKNK�f� 5�7 =�G 8 I[A s >H?<A`N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

�25<8 ^9B�B 8 GPA 8OQ >@?<A�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�I�B]1[G 0 8:T B,^.? 4 Vc? 4 B$VKL T6T ACIPJ 46TZ8 >�BE12G_0 8:T BW� 3 L�BEACI 8:5 >@?<A

NHA�VWA 46p A�I�B 4Z;:5 L T L 5 I �25<8 ^ 5 J 4ZT68 >¦BE12G 0 8�T B s >@?<A,N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNmVKL 5 ACBE> 4 G�LC>HAf>H?FA.Vc?ML 5<5 A T JFN 8O§�T A��

� ?<A 7�7 V�?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 8 NvB�D<> 46T64Zõ Af>H?<A�I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 B 8OQ >@?<A9NHACVWA 46p AKNm> 8 N@AKG 8Cp Af>H?<A9A ¤ ACVW> 8OQ

I<LC>cLiG 8 I[D T LO> 4Z8:5ms ^.?FAKNHA`>H?FAKNHA 4 B$LiI2ACV 4 B 468�5�Q A�ACI[0ML�V � LO>9>H?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8CQ abD�L 5 > 46õ AKNK� � ?<A

��7 =)Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 8 NvB.h£L T B 8 VKL TZT ACIi0 T64Z5 IPVc?ML 5F5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 8 NcB j ACB]> 4 G�LO>@ACBY>H?<A`Vc?ML 5<5 A T

^ 4 >@? 8 DF>,DMB 465<; I<LO>vL 8 N9I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 B"�Y� 5 B]>HACL�I s >@?<A�B]>cLC> 4 B]> 4 VKL T J<N 8 J©A�NH> 4 ACB 8CQ >H?<A9>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI

B 4Z;:5 L T LON@A�AK�2J T68�4 >@ACIu�

Xf?ML 5F5 A T >vLOJ�^,A 46; ?2>cB�ACB]> 4 G�LO> 468:5 V�L 5 0MAP0ML:B]ACI 8�5 TZ465 A�LON 465 >HAKN@J 8:T LC> 4Z8:5ms�T68 ^,� 8 NcI[A�N

Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5+4Z5 >@AKNHJ 8�T LO> 468�5 � ¯ í � � ¯ ³�� L 5 I�� 4 A 5 AKN §MT >HAKN 465<; � ¯ ð � �f· 8 ^,A p A�N s >@?<A`� 4 A 5 A�N §MT >HAKNNHA�abD 4 NHACBY>@?<A �25<8 ^ T ACI ; A 8OQ�Q L:I 465<; Vc?ML 5F5 A T BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKL T J<N 8 JMAKNH> 4 ACB s[4 � A�� s Q L�I 465F; V 8Cp LCN 4 L 5 VWA

G�LC>HN 4 � s ^.? 4 Vc? 4 BiI 4 ¨�VWD T >�> 8 A�BE> 4 G�LO>@A s�4Z5 J<NvL:VW> 4 VWA sY4 Q�4 > 4 B 5<8 > 4 GPJ 8 BHB 4 0 T A��¬<D<NH>@?<AKNE�G 8 NHA sm4 >dB]? 8 D T I�0MA 5<8 >HACI�>@?MLO>d>H?<A NHA p AKNcB]A TZ465<� NHACa�D 4 N@ACB Q L:B]>�>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >`J 8 ^,AKNdV 8�5 >@N 8�T

h �.� X j � ° xÿ� � °2® � I 4 BHV"DMBHB]ACI 465�g ACVW> 468:5 w � w � w � � ?<A`^ 4 A 5 A�N §�T >HA�N.VKL 5<5<8 >o0MA�LCJ<J TZ4 ACI_> 8 >@?<A

® ²

J 8 ^,AKN�V 8:5 >HN 8:T6T ACI+NHA p AKNcB]A T6465F� 0©A�VKLODMB]AP>H?FA Q L�I 465<; V�?�L 5<5 A T£l B�BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 VKL T J<N 8 JMAKN@> 4 A�B�LON@A

5<8 >«JFNHACB]AKN p ACIÕ�`��>9^.L�B�NHACVWA 5 > T 1PJ 8:4Z5 >@ACI 8 DF> � ° w�� >H?MLC>`>H?<A B 46;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5F8:4 B]A_NvLO> 468 h g2��rj8OQ >@?<A�Vc?ML 5F5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO>@Ai0ML:B]ACI 8:5 >H?FA T64Z5 ACLON 4Z5 >@AKNHJ 8:T LO> 468:5*4 B 5F8 >�>@?<A�B@LOGPA 8Cp AKN 8�5 A

B TZ8 >�L 5 I_0MACV 8 GPACBYG�LC� 4 GiD<G LO>o>H?<A`V"A 5 >@AKNYJ 8 B 4 > 468:5�8CQ ACL:Vc?PIFLO>cLiB T68 >,L 5 IPG_D 5<4 GiD<G LC>

>H?FA�0MA ;:4Z5<5<465F; L 5 I�>H?<A�A 5 I_J 8 B 4 > 4Z8:5�8OQ ACL:Vc?�B TZ8 >('[>H?2DMB,>@?<A�0 4 >.AKNHN 8 N,NvLO>@A_h 3.Rf�rj I 4¥¤ AKNvBLO>dI 4 ¤ AKNHA 5 >9J 8 B 4 > 468�5 B 465 LPB T68 >K� ��8 L p�8:4 I�L T6T�8OQ >H?<A LC0 8Op A su465 � w ® � = 5 I 8 ?�J<N 8 J 8 BEACI*L^,A 46; ?2>HA�I�G D T > 4 B T68 >UL p A�NcL ;�465<; hÛ� e�g = j Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5i§MT >@AKNf>H?MLC>.B 4 GPJ T 1iL p AKNvL ; A�B

>H?FA«J 46T68 >9BE12G_0 8�T BS0MA TZ8:5<;�465<; > 8 G 8 NHA�>H?ML 5 >]^ 8 V 8�5 BEA�VWD<> 4Zp A`I<LC>cL B T68 >cB"�

â*)6ò+)Zò+)ÛÝ , Ì\Ö�ÒbúvÖ�ß�ÑØÈCÌ\ù�ÑØÒ�ÜmÒ2Ó ý Ì\ÑÛÏ<ÈPçdÿ�Ê<Î�Î�Ò2Ñ� 5 > 4 GPAW�¡GiD T > 4 J T A"�2ACI�J 46T68 >�V�?�L 5<5 A T£s >H?<AKN@AoLONHAgF ~ J 46T68 >�BE12G_0 8�T Bu0MA Q\8 N@A]F n I<LC>cL�B]1[G 0 8:T B"�3 ACVKLCDMBEA Q L�I 465F; N@AKG�L 465 BYL T G 8 BE>fV 8:5 B]>cL 5 > 8Cp AKNfL�JMAKN 4Z8 I 8OQ F]~oJ 46TZ8 >oBE12G 0 8�T B s >H?<A9B 4 GPJ T AL p AKNcL ;:4Z5<;�8OQ Fg~�V 8�5 BEA�VWD<> 4Zp A�J 46TZ8 >�B]1[G 0 8:T B 4 GPJFN 8Cp ACBi>H?<A*B 4Z;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5<8�4 BEA h 465 V T DMI 465<;e =�� j J 8 ^,A�N.NcLO> 468 h g2��rj � � ?<A`NHA�BED T >cL 5 >9Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC>HA 4 B ;�46p A 5 021 9

-�/. he^ j � ®Fg~_10 � 6�2 � " �3. h z S:^ j h w �ñà j

^.? 4 V�?�LCJ<J<N 8 � 4 G�LC>HACB9>H?<A 4Z5 BE>vL 5 >cL 5 A 8 DMBdV�?�L 5<5 A TY; L 465 LO>`>H?<A > 4 GPA`J 8 B 4 > 4Z8:5 ^@� �*4 .65 b#7húF98?I�® j � �/: w 4Z5 3 byx B T68 > 8OQ 3 byx JMLO>@? s ^.?FAKNHA �3. h z S:^ j$4 B z byx NHACV"A 46p ACI�BE12G_0 8�T LO>X^ byxI<LC>cL�B T68 >iL Q >HAKN � = q`R V 8 G 0 465F465<; � 3 1�L p AKNvL ;�465<;Fs >@?<A g2��µ8OQ >H?FA+Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC>HA

465 VWNHACL�BEACBQF]~d> 4 GPACB Q N 8 Gæ>H?<AdNHACVWA 46p ACI g2�� JMAKN`B]1[G 0 8:T �� 5 VKL:B]A 8CQ B TZ8 ^ Q L�I 465F;<s B 465 VWA>H?FA�Vc?ML 5<5 A Tm; L 465 NHAKG�L 465 B,BE>vLO> 4 V 8Cp AKN�L�JMAKN 468 I 8OQ B]A p AKNcL T B TZ8 >cB s ^,A�VKL 5 V 8 ?<AKNHA 5 > T 1�L:IH?FAPB]A p AKNcL T V 8�5 BEACV"D<> 4Zp A V�?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�LO>@ACB$021�L TZ465 A�LON §MT >@AKN`^ 4 >@? w � >cLOJ�B«> 8 AK�2>HA 5 I

w:x

>H?FA 8 0MBEA�N p LO> 468:5Á465 >HAKN p L T ��· 8 ôA p AKN s�465�; A 5 AKNvL T¡s >@?<A�V�?ML 5<5 A To; L 465�p LON 4 ACBiB TZ8 >]�£021b��B TZ8 >��

� ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s >H?<A 465 BE>cL 5 >vL 5 A 8 DMB V�?�L 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC>HACB 5 AKACI�> 8 0MA+ôA 46; ?[>@ACI�L 5 I(BEDFGPGPACIu�

� ?<A §MT >HAKN 8 D<>HJ<DF> 4 B,AK�[JFNHACB@BEACIPL�B 9

�/. he^ j �<; � 6�d�� " ��\ � d -�/. ho^�I�f j 7=;�d�� " �#\ � d � 6 -�/. he^>7�f j h w � ¯2j

^.?<AKN@A0�#\ � d 4 BP>H?<A*NHACL T � p L T D<A�I�ôA 46; ?[> 465<;�Q L�VW> 8 N�L 5 I w � 4 BP>H?<A 8 0MB]AKN p LC> 468�5�465 >HA�N p L TNHA�J<NHACB]A 5 >HACI�021�>H?<A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8OQ B T68 >cB"��n�B 4Z5<; >H?FA+^,A 46; ?2> 4Z5<;�Q L�VW> 8 NcB<� l B`J<NHA"�]B]> 8 N@ACI 4Z5GPAKG 8 NH1 s >H?<A�Vc?ML 5F5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO>@ACB?-�/. he^ j LON@A�A�L:B 4ZT 1*VKL T VWD T LO>HA�I Q N 8 G h w �ñà j �*� 5 � w ® � s >@?<A^,A 46; ?2> 4Z5<;�Q L:V"> 8 NvB 8 J<> 4 G 46õ ACIPLO>9>H?FA�V"A 5 >@AKN 8CQ >H?FAiB TZ8 >�LON@A«D�BEACI Q\8 N9>H?<AdNHACVWA�J<> 4Z8:5�8OQ L T6T

>H?FA�I<LC>cLdBE12G_0 8:T B�^ 4 >@? 465 >@?<A�B T68 > s >H?�LO> 4 B��\ � d 4 BYV 8:5 B]>cL 5 >,N@A ; LCNcI T ACBHB 8CQ BE12G_0 8:T J 8 B 4 > 4Z8:5

z �

�/. h z S:^ j � �/. he^ j S z ��F]~ d SkF]~ d 7 ®LS )�)¥) SÖF]~ d 7ÂF n I�® h w �ñ° j

3 1�BEA T ACVW> 4Z5<; >H?FA`LOJ<JFN 8 JFN 4 LC>HAd^,A 4Z; ?2> 465F;�Q L:VW> 8 N-� d s L�VKVWD<NvLO>HAdVc?ML 5F5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5P4 B,J 8 B£�B 4 0 T A s JMLCNH> 4 VWD T LON T 1 4Z5 B TZ8 ^ 465<;+Q L�I 465<; A 5[p24 N 8:5 GPA 5 >vB s 0MACVKLCDMBEA�L T LON ; A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ J 4ZT68 >

BE12G 0 8�T B_0MA TZ8:5<; > 8 G D T > 4 J T A+B T68 >cB�VKL 5 0MA�D�BEACIu� � Q >H?FA Q L:I 4Z5<;(4 B�B T68 ^ s >@?<A w q �£>vLOJ

� e�g =�Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC> 468�5�§�T >HA�N 465 VWNHACL�BEACBf>H?<A g2��8OQ >H?<A`Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACBE> 4 G�LC>HA90[1�L Q L:V��

> 8 N 8OQ F@8uhBA ; � 6. � " � d j j : A ; � 6. � " � d j �� 5 >@?<AiVKL�BEA 8OQfQ L:B]> Q L:I 4Z5<;<s >H?FAiVc?ML 5<5 A T�; L 4Z5 V�?ML 5<; A�BA p A 5 ^ 4 >H? 4Z5 >H?FAiB TZ8 >��«X 8:5 BEACa�D<A 5 > T 1 s ôAiVc?ML 5F; A�>@?<A�ôA 46; ?[> Q L:V"> 8 NvB�BE12G 0 8�T �¡0[1��BE12G_0 8:T

^ 4 >@? 465 >@?<AdB T68 >.> 8 0MAK>H>@AKN.>HNvL:V ��Q L�BE> Q L:I 4Z5<; �

w ®

â*)6ò+)Zò+)÷â ý Ê<ÉCÊ<ÑÛÑ\Ò2Ñ ý ÌÛÑ\Ï<ÈPçdÿ�ÊFÎ�Î�Ò[Ñ

¬ 8 N JMLONvL TZT A T J 4ZT68 >PVc?ML 5F5 A T£s J 4ZT68 >�BE12G 0 8�T BiL 5 I(I<LC>cL�B]1[G 0 8:T BiLONHA�>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI 465 >@?<A

I 4 ¤ A�NHA 5 >�V�?�L 5<5 A T BmLO>�>H?FA,B@LOGPAf> 4 GPA��M��A,L T B 8 ^,A 4Z; ?2>mL 5 IiBED<G >H?<A�V 8:5 > 4Z5 D 8 DMB T 1$N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI

J 4ZT68 >rBE12G_0 8:T B$L 5 I�>H?<A ^,A 4Z; ?2>�V 8 AÖ¨�V 4 A 5 >cB9LON@A_D<JÕI<LC>HACI�BE12G 0 8�T �¡0[1��BE12G_0 8:T � � ?<A §MT >HAKN8 DF>HJ<D<> 4 B,JFNHACB]A 5 >@ACIPL�B

�/. h z S:^ j � ®w � C�x � � C!D 6 � xE-� h z � 7Ï^ �*4 .65 bF7�u �rj h w �ñí j

^.?<AKN@A � x 4 Bf>H?<A�N@ACL T � p L T D<ACIi^,A 46; ?2> 4Z5<;«Q L�VW> 8 N.L 5 I w ��4 BS>H?FA 8 0MB]AKN p LC> 468�5P465 >HA�N p L T NHA�J<NHAW�BEA 5 >@ACIP0[1 >H?<A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8OQ BE12G 0 8�T B"�

� 5 V 8:5 V T DMB 468�5ms >@?<A�� e�g = 4 B.L�VKL�BHVKL�I[A 8OQ >]^ 8«§�T >HA�NcB 9 >H?<A § NvBE> 8:5 A 4 BoL 5�465 >HA ; NcLC> 8 N8Cp AKNiL�B]AK> 8CQ J 46T68 >iB]1[G 0 8:T B"��£> 4 B Q\8:T6TZ8 ^,ACI�021*L T6465 ACLON §MT >@AKN`^ 4 >H?ÁL�I<LOJ<> 46p AP^oA 46; ?[>vBW�

g�8CQ >E��I[ACV 4 B 468�5 B]>cLC> 4 B]> 4 VKB`LO>�>@?<A 8 D<>@J<D<> 8CQ V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 > � = q`R V 8 G_0 4Z5 AKN 4 B�NHA�J<NHACB]A 5 >HACI�LC>

>H?FA z byx BE12G_0 8:T�8CQ ^ byx B T68 >UL:BHB 8 V 4 LC>HACIi^ 4 >@?�>@?<A-3 byx J<N 8 JML ; LO> 4Z8:5 JMLO>@? s 3Ê� x SK®NS )�)�) SÖ�QI�® sL:B

K<he^êS z j �� 6� . � " �3. h z S:^ j � �G. he^ j h w � ³ j

ÙgÚeùgÚIH ��àêþCàÊä �màôßJ��ß#þ1ügäeì àêþ1ì�ýÐß#à� 5�8 D<N`^ 8 N �Õs ^,A DMB]APL�I 4Z;:4 >vL T 0ML�BEAK0ML 5 I�0 TZ8 V � N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN�LO>`>H?<A 0ML�BEA�B]>cLO> 468�5 > 8 I[AK>@ACVW>

G D T > 4 JMLC>H?dB 4Z;:5 L T B 8OQ G_D T > 4 J T AYD�BEAKNvB 465 >@?<A.D<J TZ465<�d8OQ ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 IPX 7�e =�V 8 GPG D 5<4 V"LO> 468�5 B

BE1FBE>@AKG�B"��= ; A 5 AKN 4 VdI[ACBHV"N 4 JF> 468�5+8CQ I 46;:4 >cL T 0ML:B]AK0ML 5 Iî0 T68 V � N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.LC>�>H?FAi0ML:B]ACBE>vLO> 4Z8:5

4 B9BE? 8 ^ 5�4Z5 ¬ 4Z; D<N@A w �ñ°[� � ?FAiL 5 L T68�;�� ¬ÁI 8 ^ 5 �]V 8:52p AKNH> 468:5¶s Vc? 4 J2�£G�LC>cVc?<ACI §�T >HA�N 465F; L 5 I

w:w

= ©�7 V 8:52p AKNH> 468:5 LONHA�L:B@BED<GPA�I�> 8 0MA�JFNHAKJ<N 8 VWACB@BEACI�B 8 >H?�LO>i^,A�LCNHA Q\8 VWDMB]ACI 8�5 I 4Z;:4 >vL TNHA�VWA 46p A�NfI[ACB 46;:5 �f=)0ML 5F�P8OQ¦� = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKNvBSLCNHA�G�LO>cVc?<ACIi> 8 >H?<A �f� V 8 I2A�^.L p A Q\8 NHG 8OQ

RAKE receiver for user i

RAKE receiver for user 1

Soft Decision Decoder

and Deinterleaver


and Deinterleaver


and Deinterleaver

2. Channel information by pilot channel

r(n)

RAKE receiver for user K

1d (n)

d (n)i

Kd (n)

.

.

....

.

.

. ...

1. PN code information of all the user (C )i

¬ 4Z; D<N@A w �ñ° 9f3 L�BEACB]>cLC> 468�5 0ML�BEAK0ML 5 I_^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�0 T68 V � NHA�VWA 46p A�NK��=�0�L 5<� 8OQ�� = q`RNHA�VWA 46p A�NcBfLON@A«G�LO>cVc?<ACI > 8 �f� V 8 I[A�^�L p A Q\8 N@G�B 8OQ G D T > 4 J T A.DMBEA�NcB

ACL�V�?�DMB]AKN�L 5 I+B 8OQ >�I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKB.LC>$>@?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8CQ >H?<A � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN 4 B 465 J<DF>$> 8

>H?FAiB 8CQ >E��I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 0�L:BEA�I�I[ACV 8 I[A�N�L 5 I�I[A 4Z5 >@AKN T ACL p AKN,> 8_;�46p AiL 5 ACB]> 4 G�LO>@A 8CQ >HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI

BE12G 0 8�T B"�

� 5 >H?<A � = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�N�0 T68 V � I 4 L ; NvLOG B]? 8 ^ 5�465 ¬ 4Z; D<N@A w �ñí s >H?<A�Vc?ML 5<5 A T I[A T LK1 4 B

ACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�I�I[D<N 465<; V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 L�B 4 B L:I<I2NHACB@BEACI 465 Xf?�LOJ<>@AKN ¯ � � ?<A�V�?ML 5<5 A T >cLCJ

^,A 46; ?2>cB 8CQ >@?<A � = q«R V 8 G_0 465 AKN 4 B,ACBE> 4 G�LC>HACIi0[1�LiV�?ML 5<5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5�§MT >HAKN9L�I<I[N@ACBHB]ACI

465�g ACVW> 4Z8:5 w �ñà[�áà[� =�G�LO� 4 G�L T NvLO> 468 V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<; h e�� X j >]1[JMA � = q`R V 8 G 0 4Z5 AKNi^ 4 >@?

w à

ACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�I Vc?ML 5<5 A T >cLCJ�^,A 4Z; ?2>cB_> 8 V 8 G 0 4Z5 A�>H?<A�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?(V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB 4 BPBE? 8 ^ 5�4Z5

¬ 4Z; D<N@A w � ³ �

RAKE Combiner

Channel Esimation Filter

to estimate channel tap weight

Multipath Delay

Code Acquisition to

estimate multipath delay

Channel Tap Weight

¬ 46; D<NHA w �ñí 9o� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNoLONvV�? 4 >HACV">HD<N@A

¬��LK MR°8¡�µ0¿¥¼½¯ ÑH¡�°Ð¯ ®,¿¥¦�¢8£¥¡<§

� L:I 4Z8 J<N 8 JML ; LO> 4Z8:5�465 >@?<A T L 5 I_G 8 0 46T A�Vc?ML 5<5 A TM4 BoV�?�LONcL�VW>HA�N 46õ ACI�021 G_D T > 4 J T AoNHAÖªMA�VW> 4Z8:5msI 4 ¤ NvL:VW> 468�5 L 5 IiLO>H>@A 5 DMLO> 468:5d8OQ >@?<A.B 46;�5 L T A 5 AKN ; 1�� ?<ACB][email protected]�I«021 5 LO>@D<NcL T<8 0�BE>cL�V T A�B

BED�V�?�L�B,0<D 4ZT I 4Z5<;<s ? 4ZT6T BfL 5 I�B 8i8:5¶s NHA�BED T > 465F;�465 B 8 ��VKL T6T A�I_G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?iJ<N 8 JML ; LO> 468:5 �,� 5 >@?<A

Q NHA�abD<A 5 VW1��]B]A T ACV"> 46p A9G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V�?�L 5<5 A T£s >H?<A B 46;:5 L T A 5 AKN ; 1 4 B@NcB]GPACLCNHACI<¨ 465 > 8 L�V"AKNH>vL 465G D T > 4 JMLC>H?iI2A T LK1`J<N 8C§MT A s ^.?FAKNHA.G D T > 4 J T A p AKNvB 468�5 B 8CQ >H?FA$>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�I�B 4Z;:5 L T LONHA.N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI

^ 4 >@?�I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >�LOGPJ T64 >@DMI[ACBoL 5 I�> 4 GPACB 8OQ LCNHN 46p L T h �$t = j � wb³�� ¯ ° � �

w ¯

Σ

Σ

Σ

C

C

C

i=1

G

i=1

G

G

i=1

i

i

i

(n-

ω

ω

ω

i1

ij

iN

(n-

τ

τ

(n- τ

i1

ij )

)

( )

( )

Σ( ).

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. ...

iN )

¬ 4Z; D<N@A w � ³ 9Y� = q`R V 8 G 0 465 A�Nm0ML:B]ACI 8�5 G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLO> 468 V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<; � � ? 4 B � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNNHA�J<NHACB]A 5 >cB.LiBEJMACV 4¥§ V�0<NvL 5 Vc? 8OQ >@?<A`NHACVWA 46p AKNfB]? 8 ^ 5+4Z5 ¬ 46; DFNHA w �á°

� 5 ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I_X 7�e =(B]1<B]>HAKG�B s L9^ 4 I[AKN�0ML 5 I[^ 4 I2>H? 4 B�L TZT68 VKLC>HACI�> 8 B]D<J<J 8 N@>f>H?<AoG_D T > 4 �

GPACI 4 L,B]AKN p24 V"ACBuL 5 I�? 46; ?<AKN�Vc? 4 J`NvLO>HA�B�LCNHAfDMBEA�I«> 8 G D T > 4 J T AK�,>@?<A.I<LC>cL9BE>@NHACLCG�B 8OQ I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >

DMB]AKNcB"�Y= 5d465 VWN@ACL:B]ACI�Vc? 4 J�NcLC>HA s ? 8 ^,A p AKN s GPACL 5 B�L.NHA�I[DMVWACIdV�? 4 JiI2D<NcLC> 468�5 L 5 I�J�LO>H? I2A T LK1

BEJFNHACL�I 4 JMLC>H?

L p L 46T LO0 T APLC>`>H?<A NHACV"A 46p AKN s ^.?<AKN@A_G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cB`LON@APB]JML:V"ACI�LO> T ACL:B]> 8�5 A�Vc? 4 J

JMAKN 4Z8 I+LCJMLON@>K�9¬ 8 N.AK�FLOGPJ T A s2465�8 D<N ³ e V"JMB 8 D<>cI 8�8 N�GPA�L:BEDFNHAKGPA 5 >vB Q N 8 G 8 DFN$^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I

X 7�e =�>HACB]>E�¡0MACI_NHA�J 8 NH>@ACI 4Z5 � wÿ� s A p A 5 ^.?<A 5 >@?<A9>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@AKN¦L 5 I_N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN¦LONHA 8:5FT 1�®KíOGLOJ�LONH> 4Z5 L 5 D<N@0ML 5 A 52p24 N 8�5 GPA 5 > s I[A T L�1�B]J<NHACL�IH?<A�N

NHA�BEACLCNcVc?<AKNcBf?ML p A 8 0�BEAKN p ACI_^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =þI2A T LK1 BEJFNHACL�I<B$L�B T LCN ; AdL�B.° x �S� V�? 4 JMB 4Z5

w °

T LCN ; AKNfVWA TZT B � à ¯ � � 3 A�B 4 I2ACB s G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?iVc?ML 5F5 A T J<N 8O§MT A 4 BYI21 5 LCG 4 V�L T6T 1�> 4 GPAW� p LONH1 465F; ^.? 4 V�?NHA�abD 4 NHACB9L � = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.^ 4 >@?�L p LCN 4 LO0 T A 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ�� = q`R §�5<; AKNvB`L:I<LCJ<> 4Z5<; > 8 >@?<A

> 4 GPAW� p LONH1 465F; Vc?ML 5<5 A T B]>cLO>@A 4Z5[Q\8 N@G�LO> 468:5 hEX g � j �

·$AKN@A s ^oA 4Z5 >@N 8 I[DMV"A L 5�8 JF> 4 G�L T¦� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.>HAKN@GPACI�¬<D T6Tfg ACLCNcVc? � = q`R > 8 I[AW�

BHV"N 4 0MAd>H?<AiN@ACVWA 4Zp AKN,^ 4 >H?+D 5<T64 G 4 >@ACI_NHA�B 8 DFNcVWACBdhÛ>cLCJMB 8 N`V 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 NcB j L 5 I 465 B]>cL 5 >`L�I<LOJ<>]�

LO0 46T64 >]1 s B 8 >@?MLO> 4 >¦VKL 5ms:465 J<N 4Z5 V 4 J T A s V 8 G 0 465 AUL T6T�8CQ >H?<AoNHACB 8:T6p LC0 T AoG_D T > 4 JMLO>@?`V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cB

� ¯ ® � � �98:5 AK>@?<A T ACBHB s�8 J<> 4 G�L T JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 4 BrJFNcL:V"> 4 V�L T6T 1�I 4 ¨�VWD T >�> 8 L:Vc? 4 A p Ai0MACVKLOD�BEA 8OQ>H?FA�J<N 8 ? 4 0 4 > 46p A`V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 L 5 I 4 GPJMAKN Q ACVW>.Vc?ML 5<5 A T ACB]> 4 G�LO> 468:5 �,� 5 >H?<A Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465<; Vc?MLOJ[�

>HA�NcB s ^,AiJ<N 8 J 8 B]A�L 5 L T >HAKN 5 LO> 46p A�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN9I[ACB 46;�5 ^ 4 >H?�>H?FAiD T > 4 G�LC>HAiI2ACB 4Z;:5�;:8 L Tf8OQ�T68 ^

V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1d^ 4 >@?+L B TZ46; ?[>�B 46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;«TZ8 B@B�>@NcL:I2A 8O¤ �

¬��PO ?± ¶B¢�¼½¯ ¡?ËH¼½¿RQ ¶ô¼½Ë £�§ º´»H¼½¶�£�¶

� 5 >H? 4 B_>H?FACB 4 B s ^oA�V 8:5 B 4 I2AKN�L�^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I)X 7�e =�V 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 468�5 BE1FBE>@AKG�B s ^.?<A�NHA;�4652Q\8 NHG�LO> 4Z8:5 V�?ML 5<5 A T B_LCNHA�L p L 4ZT LO0 T A�� R L�V�? V�?�L 5<5 A T ?ML�BP>H?<A�BHLOG�A�I<LC>cL�NvLO>HA�^ 4 >H?��NHA�B 8:TZp LO0 T APJMLO>@?MB�>H?�LO> LON@A�V 8 G_0 4Z5 ACI�> 8 J<N 8Cp24 I[APG D T > 4 J�LO>H?�I 46p AKNvB 4 >]1�� ?<APN@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4 B

I[ACB 46;�5 ACI Q\8 N,>@?<A�0ML�BEACB]>cLC> 468�5P465 >H?<A9D<J TZ465<� ^ 4 >H? Q NHACa�D<A 5 V"1 I 46p24 B 468:5 I2D<J T A��h£¬ 7�7`j �<¬ 8 N

B 4 GPJ TZ4 V 4 >£1 8CQ L 5 L T 1FB 4 B s >H?FA Q\8�T6TZ8 ^ 4Z5<; L:B@BED<G�J<> 4Z8:5 B.LCNHA`G�L:I2A 9

· 3,4Z5 LON@1�JF?ML:B]A BE? 4 Q > � AK1 465<; h 3.��gbq�j G 8 I[D T LO> 4Z8:5�4 B$DMB]ACI+LC>�>H?FAi>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@AKN.^ 4 >@?N@ACVW>cL 5<; D T LON9Vc? 4 J�JFD T B]A�B]?MLOJMA��

w í

· R �2>HA 5 I2ACI Ã98�T I�V 8 I[A Q LCG 46T 1�^ 4 >H? T A 5<; >H? 8CQ w °�í �S� Vc? 4 JMB 4 B�DMB]ACI�L:B�>@?<A�BE? 8 NH>B@VWNcLCG_0 TZ465<; V 8 I2ACBW�

· X 8 ?<AKNHA 5 >9I[A�>HACVW> 468�5P4 B,DMB]ACI+L 4 I[A�I�021�LiB]AKJMLONvLO>@A�J 4ZT68 >9Vc?ML 5<5 A T �

· � ?<AoG_D T > 4 J T A¦B 4Z;:5 L T J�LO>H?�B 8OQ ACL�V�?`DMB]AKNfLON@A,N@ACB 8�T6p LO0 T A��= 5 A��[J 8:5 A 5 > 4 L T6T 1rI[ACVKLK1 465<;G D T > 4 JMLC>H? 465 >HA 5 B 4 >]1 J<N 8C§MT A h e � �,j¦4 B,DMB]ACIu�

· g 1 5 Vc?<N 8�5<8 D�BîX 7�e = 4 B�L:Vc? 4 A p ACI ^.?FAKNHA�>H?<A*I 8 G 465 L 5 >�JMLO>@? 8OQ ACL:Vc?)D�BEAKN�LON@AB]1 5 Vc?<N 8:5<4Zõ ACI 4Z5 >@AKNHG�B 8OQ >H?FA�B]1[G 0 8:T 0 8 D 5 I<LCNH1��

· ¬<NcL�VW> 4Z8:5 L T J 8 NH> 468�5+8OQS�S� Vc? 4 J 8O¤ BEAK>vB 8CQ G D T > 4 JMLC>H? J<N 8 JML ; LO> 4Z8:5 LCNHA 46;�5<8 N@ACI

· ¬ML:B]>�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >«J 8 ^,A�NiV 8�5 >@N 8:Tf8CQ >H?<A�I 8 G 4Z5 L 5 >`JMLO>@? 4 B`DMBEACI�> 8 V 8 GPJMA 5 B@LO>@A_>@?<AJMLC>H? T68 B@B s B]?ML:I 8 ^ 4Z5<; L 5 I Q L�BE> Q L:I 4Z5<; B 8 >H?�LO>9>H?<A 5 ACLCNE� Q LON9J<N 8 0 T A�G 4 B.L p�8:4 I[ACIu�

· � ?<A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8OQ NHA�B 8:TZp LO0 T A«G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�B 4 B,D 5<�[5F8 ^ 5 LC>$>@?<A`NHACVWA 46p AKN��

· = 4 B 8:T LO>@ACI�V"A T6T�4 B�V 8:5 B 4 I[AKN@ACI+^ 4 >@? 8�5 Ai0ML�BEA�BE>cLC> 4Z8:5�4Z5 >H?<A VWA 5 >@AKN�L 5 I÷� L:V"> 46p ADMB]AKNcB s >H?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s25<8_4Z5 >@AKNE��VWA TZTM465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA$A�� 4 BE>cB"�

· � ?<AdVc?ML 5F5 A Tm5<8�4 BEA 4 B,G 8 I[A T ACIPL:B9L:IFI 4 > 46p A�^.? 4 >HA Ã LCDMBHB 4 L 5�5F8:4 B]A h£=�� Ã��`j �

wb³

Ä � ��-~�½+� SU ½UT��-½�¹Á~4�[��¼ Å ½�~�½+��~4�2º(¹

¸?�� ÉÊ§a¢!°O¡@Ë,®,Ì�¢O£¥¡<§

e+8 B]>PB 46;�5 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0 T AKG�B 4Z5 ^ 4 NHA T ACB@BiV 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 468�5 B�NHACVWA 46p AKNdI[ACB 46;�5 VKL 5 0MA

VKL�BE> 4Z5 >H?<A Q NcLOG�AK^ 8 N ��8OQ�e ��LONH1�?[12J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B$>HA�BE> 4Z5<; � � ?<AKN@Ai^,A�^ 4 BE?�> 8 I[ACV 4 I[AiLCG 8:5F;

7 J 8 BHB 4 0 T A9BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 VKL T B 4 >@DMLO> 468�5 BfI[ACBHV"N 4 0 465<; >@?<A 8 0�BEAKN p LC> 4Z8:5 B"� t 0 p2468 D�B T 1 sOQ\8 NoL 5 1 ;�46p A 5I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 JFN 8 0 T AKG�B s >H?FAKNHA�LON@APL 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ J 8 BHB 4 0 T A�I[ACV 4 B 468�5 BE>@NcLO>@A ;:4 ACB 8 NdNHD T ACB�>H?MLC>

V 8 D T I+0MA�LOJ<J TZ4 ACI s ? 8 ^,A p A�N s ^,Ai^ 8 D T I T64Z� A�> 8 V�? 8�8 BEA�L�I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 NHD T Ai>H?�LO> 4 B 8 J<> 4 G_DFG

465 B 8 GPA�BEA 5 BEA�� =$G 8�5<; >H?FA�>@?<NHAKA�G 8 BE>�V 8 GPG 8:5 I2ACV 4 B 468�5 N@D T ACBi� 3 LK1�ACB s G 465<4 G�LO�

L 5 I � AK1[G�L 5 � � ACLCNcB 8�5ms ^oA�^ 8 D T I�Vc? 8�8 B]A � AK12G�L 5 � � ACLCNcB 8:5 VWN 4 >@AKN 4 L�0MACV�LODMB]A�>@?<A T ACL:B]>

J<N 468 N �[5<8 ^ T ACI ; A 4 B$NHA�abD 4 NHACI s ^.?<AKN@A L_0 8 D 5 I 4 B$J T L:VWA�I 8:5 >H?<A Q L T BEA"�]L T LON@G�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1

L 5 I >@?<A�J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5�4 B«G�LC� 4 G 46õ ACI+^ 4 >@? 465 >H? 4 B�V 8�5 BE>@NcL 4Z5 > � ® s à � �� 5 >@?<AQ\8:TZT68 ^ 465F; B]ACVW> 4Z8:5 B sU§ �[ACI��]B@LOGPJ T A�B 46õ A�h¡¬ g<g<j ?21[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 Bi>HACB]> 465F;<s BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5

L 5 I�G D T > 4 BE>vL ; A$?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B.>HACB]> 4Z5<; h e · �$j ^ 46TZT 0©AdV 8Cp AKN@ACIu�

w ð

¸?�:¬ Ñ £WVH¼½Ë ?¦«¯ X0¿�¼ =£(Yg¼ ºÏ¼½¶C¢� ?<Ad0ML:B 4 V«JF?[1FB 4 VKL Tm8 0MBEAKN p LO> 4Z8:5 G 8 I2A T >H?MLC>�^,A`^ 4 BE?+> 8 V 8�5 B 4 I[AKN 4 B9L 5+8 0MBEA�N p ACI�^.L p AW�

Q\8 N@Gë>H?�LO>�V 8:5 B 4 B]>cB 8OQ J 8 B@B 4 0 T A�B 4Z;:5 L T JFNHACB]A 5 VWA�V 8 NHNHDFJ<>HACI�021�L:IFI 4 > 46p A 5<8�4 B]A�L 5 I 8 DFN

8 02¢HA�VW> 4Zp A 4 B$> 8 I[ACV 4 I[A`^.?<AK>@?<AKN9>H?<A�B 4Z;:5 L TY4 B.J<NHA�BEA 5 > 8 N 5<8 >�0[1�J<N 8 VWACB@B 465F; L_V 8:T6T ACVW> 468:5

8OQ BHLOG�J T ACBf^ 4 >@? 8 0MBEA�N p LO> 468:5 ^ 465 I 8 ^ B 4Zõ A�7 >cL � A 5�Q N 8 G'>@?<A 8 0MB]AKN p A�I�^�L p A Q\8 N@G � à � �

g D<J<J 8 BEA�>@?<A9B 4Z;:5 L T ?�L:BfV 8:5 BE>cL 5 >oLCGPJ T64 >HDMI2A,L 5 Ii>H?<A.0ML�V �2; N 8 D 5 I 5<8:4 BEA 4 B õ AKN 8 �¡GPACL 5

Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5 I 4 BE>@N 4 0FD<> 4Z8:5ms ^,A.^�L 5 >f> 8 >@ACBE>UL«J 8 B 4 > 4Zp A9BE? 4 Q > 465 >H?FA$GPA�L 5 �YÂMAK> Ú[ZJ\È6 S \ j S )�)�)0MA�N@ACL TZ46õ LC> 4Z8:5 B 8CQ h 4 � 4 �áIu� j NcL 5 I 8 G p LCN 4 LC0 T A�B � Z �16 S � j S )�)�) �}��A�I[A 5<8 >HA�|�L:BP>@?<AV 8 GPG 8:5 GPACL 5�8OQ ACL�V�? 8OQ >@?<A � d l BW�.X 8:5 B 4 I2AKN�>HA�BE> 4Z5<; >H?FA�?21[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B.JML 4 NQ|4� x p A�NcBED�B|4� | 6cs ^.?<A�NHAh| 6,4 B,>H?<A 5<8 G 465 L T GPA�L 5 DMB]ACI Q\8 N9>HACB]>9I[ACB 46;:5 J<DFNHJ 8 B]ACB 9

v�" 9J� d+] t�h Ú I�| j S:|4� xv�6 9J� d+] t�h Ú I�| j S:|4� | 6_^ x h£à2�6® j

Q\8 N¦L TZT f s ^.?<A�NHAmt�h \ d jÕ4 Bu>H?FA õ AKN 8 �¡GPACL 5�Ã LCDMBHB 4 L 5 JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1`I2A 5 B 4 >]1 Q D 5 VW> 468�5�8OQ�� d s ^ 4 >@?p LON 4 L 5 VWA@` j � � ?<A � AK12G�L 5 � � ACLONvB 8:5P§ �2ACI�BHLOG�J T AdB 4Zõ APh¡¬ g<g<j >HACB]> Q\8 Nih£à2�6® jo4 B 8 0<>vL 465 ACI021P>HACB]> 4Z5<; 7 B@LOGPJ T ACB,L 5 IP>H?<A TZ8:; � T64Z� A T64 ? 8�8 I Q D 5 VW> 468�5 �oh ÚSjA9

�,h ÚSj �ba�c �Fd*e c�� gf p h Vc? 8�8 B]A v�6i p h Vc? 8�8 B]A v�" h£à2� w j

^.?<AKN@Akj d 4 B,>H?<A 8 0MBEAKN p ACIPNHACL T64Zõ LO> 468:5�8OQ >@?<A`NcL 5 I 8 G p LON 4 LO0 T A� d � T65gl t�h \ d I�| 6cjt�h \ d j m ��| 6 h � d I�| 6P: w jn: ` j ) h£à2�ñà j

w:²

� ?<A § NvBE>9G 8 GPA 5 > 8CQ >H?FA � d ;�46p A 5 | 4 B

oqp Z?r h � d � | j � | 6 ho|QI�| 6P: w js: ` j S h£à2� ¯2j

>H?FA�B]ACV 8�5 IPG 8 GPA 5 > 4 B

z p Z?r h � d j � | j �ut | 6`wv j 7xt | 6`wvzy t || 6 I ®w v j S h£à2�ñ° j

L 5 I�>H?FA�V 8:5 I 4 > 4Z8:5 L Tmp LCN 4 L 5 VWA s

} p j � z�p I oqp j � t | 6`wv j Z } j ) h£à2�ñí j

�m8 NHACI[D�VWAPB]D<0MB@VWN 4 J<>cB`^,A�I[A §M5 A o 6{Z oqp 6 � � ?<A�B@LOGPJ T A B 4Zõ A?7 L 5 I�>@?<AP>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I;pLON@A�J<NHACVc? 8 BEA 5 B 8 >H?�LO>i>H?FA�>@ACBE>i?�L:BiAKNHN 8 NiJ<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 > 4 ACB« dh¡V�? 8�8 B 4Z5<;÷v�6|�sv�" >HN@D<A j L 5 I dh£Vc? 8�8 B 465<;?v�"}�sv�6 >HN@D<A j¦8OQ � L 5 I�®-I2� s NHA�BEJMACVW> 46p A T 1��¬ 8 N § �2ACIPBHLCGPJ T AW�]B 46õ A9>HA�BE>cB s >@?<AAKN@N 8 N.JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 > 4 ACB � L 5 I�®-I;��I[AK>@AKNHG 4Z5 A.>H?FA«>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I s p s

p��7 6B~ j/� o 6:� � 6 h � j 7 o "�� 6 hH®-I;� j � he} : h o " I o 6cj@j h£à2� ³ j

L 5 I 5 D<G_0MAKN 8CQ >HACB]>9BHLCGPJ T A�B s

7 � � � � 6 h � j 7 � � 6 hH®-I;� j � j ho} : h o 6 I o "KjHj j h£à2�ñð j

^.?<AKN@A � N@AKJ<N@ACBEA 5 >cB9>H?<A�BE>vL 5 I<LCNcI�h 5F8 NHG�L T64Zõ ACI j9Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5 I 4 B]>HN 4 0<D<> 468�5îQ D 5 VW> 4Z8:5 � � ?<A4652p AKNvBEA 8OQ-��4 B.I[A 5<8 >HACIP021 � � 6 � à � �

¸?�¹¸ ?¼��?®H¼½§a¢8£¥¦«¿�ÓÔ¼g¢�¼½Ìm¢O£�¡<§= 5 L T >HAKN 5 LO> 46p A`LCJ<J<N 8 L:Vc?+> 8 >@?<AdLO0 8Cp Ad¬ g<g >@ACBE> 4 B,> 8i§ �P>@?<AdI[ACB 4 NHACIPJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWArL 5 I

L TZT68 ^->H?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ BHLOG�J T ACB.> 8�p LCNH1 465�8 NvI[AKN�> 8 L:Vc? 4 A p A`>@? 4 B$JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A�� LOG�A T 1 s

à x

Q\8 N�B 8 GPA�N@ACL TZ46õ LC> 468�5 B 8OQ >H?<A 8 0�BEAKN p LC> 4Z8:5 B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA�^,A`G�LK1_0MA�LO0 T A«> 8 G�L � ArL_I[A�V 4 B 468:5

L Q >@AKN 8�5<T 1�L Q A�^(B@LOGPJ T ACB s ^.?<AKN@ACL:B Q\8 NoB 8 G�A 8 >@?<AKNfNHA�L T64Zõ LO> 468�5 B�^oA.G�LK1`^ 4 BE?i> 8 V 8:5 > 4Z5 D<A

BHLCGPJ TZ465<; > 8 G�L � A�Li0MAK>H>@AKN.I[A�V 4 B 468:5 �f=�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 BHVc?<AKG�A.>H?MLC>$DMB]ACB.L�NcL 5 I 8 G 5 D<G 0MAKN

8OQ B@LOGPJ T ACB�I2AKJMA 5 I 4Z5<;�8:5 >@?<A 8 0MBEA�N p LO> 468:5 BEACa�D<A 5 V"A 4 B ; A 5 AKNcL T6T 1 �[5F8 ^ 5 L:B`BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T

I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 ��*L T I l B � ° ¯ � BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1`NcLC> 468 >@ACBE>.h g2�f�Y�$j�4 B 8 0F>cL 4Z5 ACIi0[1d>HACB]> 4Z5<;<sLO>9>H?FA4^M>H?�BHLCGPJ T A s

\� d�� 6 j�d�� i M h v�"^ [ h v�6� hûMaS:[ j h >cL � AdL 5<8 >@?<AKN9BHLCGPJ T A s

^.?<AKN@Ai>H?<Ai0 8 D 5 I<LCN 4 A�B½[µL 5 I;M'LCNHA Vc? 8 B]A 5 B 8 >@?MLO>`>H?FAiAKNHN 8 N�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 > 4 ACB9LON@A � L 5 I®CI��o� � ?<A�BHLCGPJ T A�B 4Zõ AQ7 �ÁG 465 " ^ 9 A \d�� 6 j d :� hûMaS:[ jn$�4 B 5<8 ^�L�NcL 5 I 8 G p LON 4 LC0 T A s L 5 IL p AKNcL ; A B@LOGPJ T A 5 D<G 0©A�NKh£= g2�«j I[AKJMA 5 IH?FAPL�VW>HDML T I 4 BE>HN 4 0<DF> 468�5�8OQ�� d s f$�ª®LS w�)�)�) s^.? 4 V�?�I[AKJMA 5 IH?<AdL:V">HDML Tmp L T D<A 8CQ | � °�à � �

� ?<A`G�L 4Z5 0MA 5 A § >cB 8OQ DMB 465<; >H?<AdB]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 NcLC> 468 >HA�BE>�h g2�f�Y�$joT64 A 465 >@?<A

Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465F; >H?<N@AKA Q L:VW>vB 9

®:� g A�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I2AK>HACV"> 468�5 L�V�? 4 A p ACB9BHLCGPA�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8OQfQ L T BEA L T LON@G�L 5 I�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 L:B

L § �2ACI T A 5<; >@?�>@ACBE>

w � � ?<A�L p AKNcL ; A,>@ACBE> T A 5<; >@? Q\8 NUBEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5`4 B�B]G�L TZT AKNÕ>H?ML 5�Q\8 NfL § �2ACI T A 5<; >@?

>@ACBE>

à[� � ?<AdNHACI2DMVWACI�L p A�NcL ; A`>HACB]> T A 5<; >@?�VKL 5 0MA�AK�2J T68�4 >@ACIP> 8 NHACI[D�VWAiV 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 468:5 V 8 G_�

J T AK� 4 >]1

à[®

= 5�8 0 p2468 D�B�I 4 B@L:I p L 5 >vL ; A 8CQ >@?<A g2�f�Y��4 B$>H?MLC> 8 VKVKL�B 4Z8:5 L TSTZ8:5<; >HACB]>cB$G�LK1PN@ACBED T > 4 Q

>H?FA 8 0MB]AKN p A�IPI<LO>vL_LCNHA`LCG_0 46; D 8 DMB � ® � � à � �f=�Bf>H?<A��*L T Ib�¡� 8�T¥Q\8 ^ 4 > õ >H?<A 8 NHA�G 4 GPJ T64 ACB�>@?<AL p AKNcL ; Ao>HACB]> T A 5F; >H? 8CQ�g2�f�Y��4 B�G DMVc?�B]? 8 N@>HAKN¦>H?ML 5 ¬ g<g � ° ¯ � ��· 8 ^,A p AKN s >H?<A�BEA 8 V�VKL:B 468:5 L TT68�5<; NHD 5 BrG�L�1 5<8 >`0©AiJFNcL:V"> 4 V�L T�Q\8 N«G�L 5 1+LCJ<J TZ4 VKLC> 468�5 BW��=}J<NcL�VW> 4 VKL T V 8 GPJ<N 8 G 4 BEA 4 B`L

>HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI g2�f�Y� ^.?<AKNHAdL §M5<4 >HAW��BE>vL ; A`>@NHD 5 V�LO> 4Z8:5 AK� 4 BE>vBW�f=�B.Li>HNvL:I[A 8C¤¦s >H?<A 8 J<> 4 G�L T64 >]1

J<N 8 JMAKNH>]1 4Z5 >@AKNHG�B 8OQ G 465<4 G 4ZõW4Z5<; = g2��4 B TZ8 BE>9021�BEDMVc?�L�>@NHD 5 VKLO> 468:5 � � A p AKNH>@?<A T A�BHB s >@?<A

465 VWNHACL�BEA 465 = g2��4 B,DMB]DML TZT 1�B T64Z; ?2> � í � �Y� 5 >H?<A`>@NHD 5 V�LO> 4Z8:5 BE>cL ; A s ^=��7�� s >HACB]>&�� d�� 6 j d �� i�� h v�"

f � � h v�6

¸?�LK ®,¿Ö¢O£�¶C¢!¦w��¼ � ±�X�¡4¢8»H¼½¶!£ÿ¶�ºÏ¼½¶C¢� 5 >H?<AdJ<NHA p[4Z8 DMB�B]ACVW> 468:5¶s >@?<Ai>HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI g2�f�Y� ^.L:B�AK�2J<N@ACBHB]ACI 4Z5 >HA�NHG�B 8OQ >H?FA T68�;�T646� A"�

T64 ? 8�8 I Q D 5 VW> 468:5¶s ^.? 4 Vc? 4 B 4 GPJ<NvL:VW> 4 VKL T,Q\8 NPN@ACL TZ4 B]> 4 V�B]1<B]>HAKG I[ACB 4Z;:5 � � 5 >@AKNHG�B 8OQ >@?<A

NHA�VWA 46p A�I_B@LOGPJ T ACB s >H?<A`>@NHD 5 V�LO>HA�I gb�S�¦� VKL 5 0MA`NHAK^.N 4 >@>HA 5 L:B 9

\�d�� 6 \ d�� i M-\ V�? 8�8 BEA v�" L 5 I�>@AKNHG 465 LC>HA^ []\ V�? 8�8 BEA v�6 L 5 I�>@AKNHG 465 LC>HAA T BEA V 8:5 > 4Z5 DFA�> 8 B]>cL ; A 5 7d®

465 B]>cL ; A 5ms ®�� ^ i F�b]�f=�>.>@?<A�FQbØ>@?+B]>cL ; A s ^oA«>@ACBE>_'`� d�� 6 \ d �� f []_'`uh V�? 8�8 BEA v�6

A T BEA h V�? 8�8 BEA v�" h£à2� ² j

à w

^.?<AKN@A�>@?<A�[]\ L 5 I0M-\�LON@A�>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I<B�LO>�BE>vL ; Aa^��9� 5 >H?FA Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465F;<s ^,A ;�46p A`>H?FA�>HNvL 5 B£�Q\8 N@G�LO> 468�5 B]>HAKJ�021�BE>@AKJm�

\� d�� 6 j d � \�d�� 6 | 6 h \ d I�| 6n: w j} j p BÂ[Z \�d�� 6 | 6 � \ d} j p B�[R7 \� d�� 6 | 6 jw } jZ \�d�� 6 \ d p B [Q} j| 6 7 ^'| 6w h£à2�6® x j

·$AKN@A�^,A`N@ACI[A §M5 A«>@?<A`D<J<JMAKN.>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I�LO>�BE>cL ; AX^�L:B 9

[]\ Z [Q} j| 6 7 ^1| 6w h£à2�6®�® j

g�4 G 46T LON T 1 s >@?<A T68 ^,AKNo>H?<N@ACBE? 8:T I�LC>�B]>cL ; A�^�VKL 5 0MA`AK�2J<NHACB@BEACI�L�B 9

M-\ Z Mh} j| 6 7 ^'| 6w h£à2�6® w j

^.?<AKN@A ®�� ^ i FQbfL 5 IP>H?<A`>HN@D 5 VKLC> 4Z8:5 >@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I�LO>�BE>vL ; AaFQb¦VKL 5 0MA�A��[J<N@ACBHB]ACIPL�B 9[]_'`ô� p } j| 6 7ÂFQb | 6w h£à2�6®�à j

¬<N 8 G h£à[�Z®:® jcs h¡à[�Z® w j L 5 I)h¡à[�Z®Kà jvs >@?<A w FQbOI-®PJMLONvLOGPA�>HAKNvB Q\8 NPL 5 FQb6��BE>cL ; A�>HA�BE> LON@ANHA�I[DMVWACI > 8�Q\8 DFN.JMLONvLOGPAK>@AKNcB 9 [ s M s >HN@D 5 VKLC> 468�5 J 8�465 >gpPL 5 I�>HN@D 5 VKLC> 4Z8:5 BE>vL ; A�F�b]� � ?<A>HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI g2�f�Y� VKL 5 0MA p24 AK^oACIiL:B.L�G 4 �2>HD<N@A 8OQ >H?FA g2�f�Y� L 5 IP¬ g<g >@ACBE>vBW�f� Q i " L 5 I i 6LON@A`G 4 � 465<; V 8:5 BE>cL 5 >vB,ACL:Vc? 8:5 � x s ® � s DMB 465<; ��L T I l B 465 A�abDML T64 > 4 A�B � ° ¯ � s ^,AdB]AK>

[�� TZ5 l ®gI�hH®-I i 6cj '&hH®gI i "Kj '+ m h£à2�6® ¯[j

MJ� TZ5 l hH®-I i 6cj '&®gI(h@®]I i "Wj 1+ m h£à2�6®�° j

F�bÊ� � � � 6 h i " 1+ j 7 � � 6 h i 6 '& j � j!� }| 63� j h£à2�6®�í j

à:à

L 5 I

p�� F�b � | 6¹� � 6 h i " 1+ j � � }IQ| 6 � h£à2�6® ³ j

� ?<A�I[A�B 46;�5 G�LK1�0©A 8 J<> 4 G 4Zõ ACI+021 p LON@1 4Z5<; i " L 5 I i 6k9ip L T DFACB 8OQ i " L 5 I i 6`5 ACLCN x1 4 A T I�L�>@ACBE>dB 4 G 4ZT LON9> 8 >@?<A gb�S�¦� ��= T >HA�N 5 LC> 46p A T 1 sMp L T DFACB 8OQ i " L 5 I i 6�5 ACLON ® NHACB]D T > 4Z5B 4 G 46T LON 4 >]1P> 8 L 5 ¬ g<g >HA�BE> � à � �� 5 >@?<A >HACB]>iI[ACB 46;�5ms } s o "Cs L 5 I o 6 LON@A �25<8 ^ 5ms 1+ L 5 I '&'LCNHA 5<8 G 465 L T6T 1�Vc? 8 B]A 5 I[ACB 4Z;:5�p L T D<ACB 8OQ >H?FA«A�NHN 8 N$JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 > 4 ACB"� t95 VWA i " L 5 I i 6 LON@AVc? 8 B]A 5ms >@ACBE> 4 B�V 8 GPJ T A�>HA T 1PB]J©A�V 4¥§ A�I+0[1 -[ s -M s FQboL 5 I2pu� � ?<A�I[ACB 46;�5�; DMLCNcL 5 >HA�ACB�>H?MLC>Q\8 N 4Z5 I[AKJMA 5 I[A 5 >iL 5 I 4 I[A 5 > 4 VKL TZT 1�I 4 BE>@N 4 0<D<>HA�I�BHLCGPJ T A�B s >@?<A�L�VW>HDML T J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ9Q L T B]A

L T LON@G L 5 I�G 4 B@BEACI�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 ^ 4ZT6T 0MA T68 ^,AKNo>H?ML 5+5<8 G 465 L Tup L T D<ACB � à s í � �

¸?�PO MT¼�°8²È¡�°�¯ ¦�§,Ì-¼ ÕÄ§H¦«¿¥±=¶�£�¶� 5 >H?<A Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465<;Fs ^,A�I2AKN 4Zp A+AK�FL:VW> AK�2J<NHA�BHB 4Z8:5 B Q\8 NPJ<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1�>H?MLC> e · � N@ACL:Vc?<ACB�L

VWAKN@>cL 465 BE>vL ; A L 5 I+>H?FA�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8OQ L:VKVWA�J<> 4Z5<;@v�" L 5 I v�6.;�46p A 5 |2�$¬ 8 N$>@?<A Ã LOD�BHB 4 L 5VKL�BEA s<T AK>

t�h j � ®� w � } A��[J � I ®w h I�|} j j � h£à2�6®�ð j

L 5 I � h j � �!�� t�h � j K � �f¬ 8 Nd®�� f��FQb s I[A §M5 A� d he| j�Z � NCh e · � NHA�L:Vc?<ACB 4 >@?�BE>cL ; A �� d�] t�h jHj S h£à2�6® ² j

� d]he| j�Z � NCh¡L:VKV"AKJ<> v 6 LO> 4 >H?�BE>cL ; A �� d ] t�h jL 5 I�>HACB]>.NHACL�V�?<A�B 4 >H?�B]>cL ; A j ) h£à2� w�x j

� d he| j�Z � NCh¡V�? 8�8 BEA v�" LC> 4 >@?+B]>cL ; A �� d+] t�h jà ¯

L 5 I�>HACB]>.NHACL�V�?<A�B 4 >H?�B]>cL ; A j ) h£à2� w ® j

g�465 VWA�>H?FA�J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1PI[A 5 B 4 >E1 Q D 5 VW> 4Z8:5 h\JÕI Q"j,8CQ >H?<AdI[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5Pp LCN 4 LC0 T A 4 B,L�>@NHD 5 VKLO>@ACI

Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5 I 4 B]>HN 4 0<D<> 468�5ms[4 >.VKL 5P8:5<T 1_0MA`V�L T V"D T LC>HACIi0[1 NHA�VWD<NcB 468�5 � ° � � � ?FA 4Z5<4 > 4 L T BE>vLO>HA Q\8 NNHA�VWD<NcB 468�5�4 B 9

t 6 � t

� 6 ho| j � ®

��j ho| j � �>�F�� t�h j K � 6 ho| j � � h¹IQ[ 6Ej

� 6 ho| j � ®gI � húM 6 j

� ?<A 5¶s Q\8 NmfÊ�-®LS w Scà*S )�)�) L 5 I�M d D 6 i � i [ d D 6cs >@?<A.NHACV"D<NcB 46p A.V 8:52p�8:T DF> 468�5i4 BYJMAKN Q\8 NHGPA�I 9t d D 6 h � j � �@� �� >� ��¡|�� ¡|�£¢3¢3¢ �¤�F�� t�h 6cj �Ðt�h j j � ¢3¢(¢ �-t�h d jK 6 ¢3¢3¢ K d � 6 K d h£à2� w�w j

^.?<AKN@A��iI[A 5<8 >@ACB,>H?<AdV 8�5[p�8�T D<> 468�5�8 JMAKNcLC> 468�5 �

= Q >HA�N$ACL�V�? 4 >HAKNvLO> 468:5¶s >@?<AiJ<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ >@?<Ai>HACB]>`V 8�5 > 465 D 465<; L Q >@AKN`B]>cL ; Aaf�7 ® su4 � A�� sNHA�L:Vc? 465<; B]>cL ; A�fF7 w sM4 B ;�46p A 5 0[1P>@?<A`> 8 >cL T LCNHACLiD 5 I2AKNgt d D 6k9

� d D j he| j �<�>� �%¥¦�� %¥¦� t d D 6 h j K h£à2� w à j

Ã946p A 5 >@?MLO>o>H?<A9>HACB]>fNHACL�V�?<A�BSB]>cL ; A�f}7�® s >@?<A9J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ L�VKVWAKJ<> 465<; ?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B v 6VKL 5 0MA�VKL T VWD T LC>HACI�L:B 9

� N�h e · � L�VKVWAKJF> v�6§��e · � NHA�L:Vc?<ACB,B]>cL ; A�f#7 ® jà:°

� ®-I � NKh e · � NHA�¢HACVW> v�6¨��e · � N@ACL:Vc?<ACBoBE>vL ; AXf#7�® j� ®-I?©|ª¬« e · � NHA]¢HACV">/ �L® e · � NHACL�V�?<A�B,BE>vL ; A d D 6B¯©|ª°« e · � N@ACL:Vc?<ACB.B]>cL ; A d D 6B¯

� ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s

� d D 6 he| j � ®-I � � �� he[ d D 6 I j t d h j K � d D 6 he| j h£à2� w ¯[j

^.?<AKN@A � he[ d D 6 I jf4 B.VKL T VWD T LO>@ACI_021PA p L T DMLO> 465<; >@?<A Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465<; A�abDMLC> 4Z8:5 LO> \ � [ d D 6� h \ I j � �>±�� t�h � I j K � h£à2� w ° j

g�4 G 46T LCN T 1 sY;:4Zp A 5 >@?MLO>P>@?<A+>@ACBE>�NHACL�V�?<A�B_B]>cL ; A2f�7}® s >H?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ L�VKVWAKJF> 465F;?21[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B v�" VKL 5 0MAPVKL T VWD T LO>@ACI�021+A p L T DMLC> 4Z5<; h£à[� w ° j LC> \ �RM d D 6 L 5 I 5<8 NHG�L T64ZõK465<;Fs^.? 4 V�?�1 4 A T IH?FA�>HACB]>.G_D�BE>f>HAKN@G 465 LO>HA�LO>.A��<L�VW> T 1 8:5 A 8OQ >H?FA4F b BE>vL ; A�B s >H?FA«J 8 ^,A�N Q D 5 V"> 468�5V 8�5 B 4 BE>cB 8OQ F b G D<>HDML T6T 1PAK�FV T DMB 46p A`A p A 5 >cB"� � ?2DMB$>@?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 > 4 ACB 8OQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 V�L 5 0MABEDFGPGPACIi1 4 A T I 465<;

� NKh£L�VKVWAKJF> v�6 LO>�L 5 1�BE>vL ; A �3� d²] t�h j@j � _ `� d�� 6 � d ho| j � d ho| j ) h£à2� w�³ j

L 5 I�>H?FA«JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 8OQ G 4 BHB 465<; VKL 5 0MAdBED<G�GPACIi1 4 A T I 4Z5<;

� NKh¡L:VKVWA�J<> v�" LO>�L 5 1�B]>cL ; A �3� d�] t�h j@j � _ `� d�� 6 � d ho| j � d he| j ) h£à2� w ð j

à:í

Ä � ��-~�½+� ³Ä º�¾}½ z ��T �T�2|��~4�2º(¹ º��b´ �}¼/�<¹-¸ Ä Å Æ z

U �2¿Á¹þ��¼2| ´ |½�F¹þ¿ U ½µT �þ½�¹(~4�2��¼ Å ½�~�½��P~4�2ºÁ¹

K=�� ÉÊ§a¢!°O¡@Ë,®,Ì�¢O£¥¡<§

� 5d7«g �@X 7�e =(B]1<B]>HAKG�B s V 8 I2A.BE1 5 Vc?<N 8�5<46õ LO> 4Z8:5�4 B 4 GPJ 8 N@>cL 5 >u0MACV�LODMB]ASN@ACVWAKJF> 468�5`8OQ X 7�e =

B 4Z;:5 L T B 4 B�J 8 B@B 4 0 T A 8:5FT 1�L Q >HAKNi>@?<A�NHACVWA 46p AKN 4 BiLC0 T A�> 8 BE1 5 V�?FN 8:5F46õ AP>@?<A T68 VKL T9�f� V 8 I[A

^ 4 >@?�>H?<A �f� V 8 I[A 465 >H?FA�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 BHB 468:5*465 >HA 5 I2ACI Q\8 N 4 > � ¯ xÿ� � 3 A�B 4 I2ACB sY8 >H?<AKN Vc?ML 5<5 A TJMLCNcLOG�AK>HAKNvB�VKL 5 0MAiACB]> 4 G�LO>HA�I ;:4Zp A 5 LPNHA TZ4 LC0 T A�I[A T LK1�ACBE> 4 G�LC>HA��iX 8 I[A�BE1 5 V�?FN 8:5F46õ LC> 468�5

4 B9DMBEDML T6T 1�I 8�5 A 4Z5 >]^ 8 B]>HAKJMB s V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 L 5 I�>HNvL:V �[4Z5<; �iX 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468�5�4 B$>@?<A

J<N 8 VWACBHB�021�^.? 4 Vc?�>@?<APN@ACVWA 4Zp AKN`LO>@>HAKG�J<>cB�> 8 L T64Z;:5�4 >cB TZ8 VKL T�� BEAKDMI 8 � 5<8:4 BEA�h �f�«j V 8 I[A l B

J<?ML�BEA�> 8 >H?<A 465 V 8 G 4Z5<; B 46;�5 L T ^ 4 >H? 465 ?ML T¥Qm8CQ L`V�? 4 J I[D<NvLO> 4Z8:5 � g 465 VWA.>@?<A�LOD<> 8 V 8 N@NHA T LO> 4Z8:5

JMACL � 4 BYG DMVc? ; N@ACLO>@AKNf>H?ML 5 >H?FA�B 4 I[A TZ8 0MACB s LdV 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5 0MAK>]^,AKA 5 >H?<A TZ8 VKL TÕ�f� V 8 I[A�L 5 I

>H?FA«N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI B 46;�5 L T 1 4 A T I<B.L 5 A�BE> 4 G�LO>@A 8OQ ^.?<AK>@?<AKN.>@?<AdBEACa�D<A 5 V"ACB.LON@A�L T64Z;:5 ACIÕ�

à ³

��? 46T A`G�L 5 1_>]12JMACB 8OQo�f� V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468�5 LCNcVc? 4 >@ACVW>@D<NHA9AK� 4 BE> s >H?<A`G 8 BE>9V 8 GPG 8�5<T 1

DMB]ACI_LCNcVc? 4 >@ACVW>@D<NHAoLON@A$>@?<A9L:V"> 46p A�BE1 5 Vc?<N 8�5<8 DMBoV 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 NfL 5 I�J�L:BHB 46p A.G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 4 G �

J T AKGPA 5 >cLC> 468�5 � ® ²ÿ� � w:xÿ� � ¬ 8 NiB]1 5 Vc?<N 8:5<8 DMB`V 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 N 4 GPJ T AKGPA 5 >vLO> 468:5¶s ACL�V�? 5 AK^ 8C¤ B]AK>p L T D<A_G DMB]>«0MA�V 8 G�J<D<>HA�I+^ 4 >H? 465 >HA ; NcLO> 468�5�8Cp AKN`>H?FAPB]1[G 0 8:T JMAKN 468 I �*4�s ^.? 4 Vc?�NHACB]D T >vB465�T68�5<; A�N�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 > 4 GPA��i¬ 8 N`JML�BHB 46p A G�LO>vV�?<A�I §MT >@AKN 4 G�J T AKG A 5 >cLC> 468�5ms L�V 8 I[A §MT >HAKN

G�LC>cVc?<ACI$> 8 >H?<A �S� V 8 I2A 4 BuDMBEA�Iu� g�4Z5 VWAf>H?FA,I2ACBEJ<N@ACL:IdB 4Z;:5 L T V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >cBmLOJFJ©A�LON¦BEACa�D<A 5 �

> 4 L TZT 1�LC>�>H?<AdG�LO>vV�?FACIb� §MT >@AKN 8 D<>HJ<DF> s >@?<A�JML�BHB 46p A�G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKN9V�L 5 V 8 GPJ<D<>@A«>@?<AiV 8 I[A

V 8 NHNHA T LO> 468�5 B Q\8 N I 4 ¤ AKNHA 5 > 8C¤ BEAK>vB�G_DMVc? Q L:BE>@AKNi>H?�L 5 >H?<A�B]AKN 4 L T V 8 NHN@A T LC> 8 N�A p A 5 >H? 8 D ; ?

8 DF>HJ<D<> p L T D<ACB9LONHAdG�LO>@?<AKG�LC> 4 VKL TZT 1�A�abD 4Zp L T A 5 > � ® ²L� � w à � � � ?<A�I 4 B@L:I p L 5 >vL ; A 8CQ G�LC>cVc?<ACI§MT >HAKNvB 4 B,? 4Z; ?�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1��

=�VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 >@?<A.>]1[JMACB 8OQ BEACLCNcVc? 465F; B]>HNvLO>HA ;:4 A�B s��f� V 8 I[A�L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 GPA�>H? 8 I<B¦V 8 D T I

0MAiI 4Zp[4 I[ACI 4Z5 > 8 BEAKN 4 L T£s JMLCNcL TZT A T L 5 I�?2120<N 4 Iu�f� 5 B]AKN 4 L T B]ACLONvV�? s A�L:Vc?�J 8 BHB 4 0 T A�V 8 I[AdJ<?ML:B]A

4 B.>HA�BE>HA�I 8�5 VWA�LO>`Li> 4 GPA��f� 5 B]J 4 >@A 8OQ >H?<A T68 ^-V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >£1 8OQ BEA�N 4 L T BEACLCNcVc?�B@V�?<A�GPACB s >@?<A

L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 > 4 GPA 4 B p AKNH1 TZ8:5<; �� 5 JMLCNcL TZT A T BHVc?<AKGPA�B s L T6T >@?<APJ 8 B@B 4 0 T A�V 8 I[A�J<?ML:B]ACBiLON@A

>HA�BE>HA�I�B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMB T 1 s ^.?FAKNHA`>H?FA�B]? 8 N@>�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 > 4 GPA 4 B.L�V�? 4 A p ACI�LO>.>H?FA«A��[JMA 5 B]A 8OQ

? 4Z; ?�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1�� m8 J<N 8Cp24 I[AdLi>HNvL:I[A 8C¤ 0MAK>]^,AKA 5 >H?<A T68 ^�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 8CQ B]AKN 4 L T BHVc?<AKG�ACB

L 5 I«>H?FA,? 4Z; ?iB]JMAKACI 8CQ JMLCNcL TZT A T B@V�?FAKGPACB sW465 � ®Kà � s L9?[120<N 4 I`L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 B@V�?<A�GPA 4 B�JFN 8 J 8 BEACI465 ^.? 4 V�?�L T6T >@?<A`J 8 BHB 4 0 T AdV 8 I[AdBE? 4 Q >cB.LCNHAdI 46p24 I2ACI 465 > 8i; N 8 D<JMB9L 5 I�ACL:Vc? ; N 8 D<J 4 B,>@ACBE>@ACI

B 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 DMB T 1��

à:ð

K=�:¬ MR°O¼Q¤=£¥¡<®,¶ Ò ¡�°z¶R �[>@A 5 B 46p A�NHA�BEACLCNcVc? 8�5-�f� V 8 I2A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468�5 ?ML:B�0©A�A 5 VKLCNHN 4 ACI 8 D<>�I[D<N 465<; >H?<A�JML�BE>

>]^ 8 I2ACVKL:I2ACB � ® ³�� ®Kð � L 5 Iî>]12J 4 VKL T6T 1PDMBEA >H?FAi>HNcL�I 4 > 468�5 L T L�I 46p Ad^.? 4 >@A Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5�5F8:4 B]Ah£=�� Ã��«j Vc?ML 5<5 A T G 8 I[A T �

� 5 BEA�N 4 L T B]ACLONvV�?dGPAK>@? 8 I sC7 A 5F; � ® ²ÿ� J<N 8 J 8 BEACBfL$0FD<NcB]>�G 8 I2A �f� L�VKabD 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 J<N 8 V"ACBHB 8 NQ\8 N 5<8:5 V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 >Ì[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 � � ? 4 B$G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKN]�£0ML�BEACI �f� V 8 I2A L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 J<N 8 V"ACBHB 8 N

L:Vc? 4 A p ACI�L+GPACL 5 L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 > 4 GPA 8OQ9T ACBHB`>H?ML 5 ® x 0 4 >vB 8Cp AKNdL�NvL 5<; A 8OQ Vc? 4 J[�¡> 8 � 5F8:4 B]A

NcLC> 4Z8 hEX ��rj�Q N 8 Gµ� ³ I 3 > 8 ðiI 3 �<Xf?ML 5<;FsM� LON � L 5 I+ÂMAKA � à xÿ� J<N 8 J 8 BEAdL�>]^ 8 �]I2^,A TZT V 8 I[AL:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 B]1<B]>HAKGª^ 4 >@?�L�B]AKN 4 L T BEACLCNcVc?_>@?MLO> 8 J©A�NcLO>@ACB,B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMB T 1�^ 4 >H? p A�N 4¥§ VKLO> 468:5

465�TZ8:5<; V 8 I2A�X 7�e =d�m¬ 8 N`>H?<A B]ACLONvV�?�0 T68 V �us LPG�LO>vV�?FACI §MT >@AKN 4 B�DMB]ACI Q\8 N Q L�BE>iL�VKa�D 4 B 4 �

> 4Z8:5 �f¬ 8 N,>H?FA p AKN 4 § VKLC> 468�5 0 T68 V �Õs L 5 L:VW> 46p A�V 8 N@NHA T LO> 8 N 4 BUD�BEACIP> 8 NHACI2DMVWA9>H?<A`V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1:�

� ?<A`JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA9A 5 ?ML 5 VWAKG�A 5 > 8CQ >@? 4 BoBHVc?<AKGPA.G�L 465<T 1 T64 ACB 4Z5 NHACI2DMV 465F; >H?FA Q L T B]A`L T LONHG

J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1i0[1 L�IH?<A p AKN 4¥§ VKLC> 4Z8:5 BE>cL ; A`^.? 4ZT A9G�L 4Z5 >vL 465F465<; B]? 8 N@>.L�VKabD 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 > 4 GPA��

� 5 >@?<AdVKL:B]A 8OQ JMLONvL T6T A T B@V�?FAKGPACB s[�.4 V � L 5 I e+46T BE>@A 465 � à wÿ� J<N@ACBEA 5 >.LiJMLCNcL TZT A T¶�f� V 8 I[AL:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 BHVc?<AKG�A Q\8 N >H?<APN@A p AKNvBEA T6465F��8CQ L�VWA T6T D T LON X 7�e ='B]1<B]>HAKG�� ?<A�G 8 I[A To8OQ

L�>@AKNHN@ACBE>@N 4 L T G 8 0 46T A�V 8 GPG D 5<4 VWLC> 4Z8:5 Vc?ML 5F5 A T.465 V 8 N@J 8 NcLC>HACB_>@?<A+A ¤ A�VW> 8CQ G_D T > 4 J T A�L:V��

VWACB@B 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA s BE?�L:I 8 ^ 465F;<s J 8 ôAKN V 8:5 >HN 8:T AKNHN 8 N sfp AK? 4 V T A B]JMAKACI sfp�8:4 VWAPL�VW> 4Zp[4 >]1�L 5 I

BEA�VW> 8 N 46õ LO> 4Z8:5 � � ?<A NHACB]D T >dBE? 8 ^9B`>H?MLC>�>@?<APB]1<B]>HAKG�D�BEAKN�VKLOJML�V 4 >]1�0ML:B]ACI 8:5 L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5

JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�VWN 4 >HAKN 4 L 4 B T ACBHB�>@?ML 5 >@?<A9VKLCJML:V 4 >]1«0�L:BEA�I 8�5P3.Rf� VWN 4 >HAKN 4 L Q\8 NoVWAKN@>cL 465 NvL 5<; ACB

8OQ BE1FBE>@AKGªJMLONvLOGPAK>@AKNcB"� � ?<AÀ ¤ ACV">cB 8OQ I<LC>cL�G 8 I[D T LO> 468�5P8:5 >H?<A�JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A 8OQ JMLONvL TZT A T

V 8 I[AdL�VKabD 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 BHVc?<AKGPA�LON@A`NHAKJ 8 N@>HACI 465 � à2® � �

à ²

� 5 � ® wL� L�?21[0FN 4 I�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 BHVc?<AKGPA 465�5<8:5 �]V 8 ?<AKN@A 5 > 7«g �@X 7�e ='B]1<B]>HAKG 4 B 4Z5[p A�B��> 4Z; LC>HACIu� � ?FA�J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA 4 B_L 5 L T 1 õ A�I 465 L�=�� Ã�� Vc?ML 5<5 A T � � ?<A�L 5 L T 1FB 4 B 4 B L T B 8

AK�2>HA 5 I[ACI+> 8 B]1<B]>HAKG�B9V 8�5 >vL 465F465<; G D T > 4 J T AdL:VKV"ACBHB 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A 4Z5 � ®�à � � � ?<APB 4 G D T LC> 4Z8:5NHA�BED T >cB.BE? 8 ^->@?MLO>9>H?<AdB]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T BHVc?<AKGPA�B 4Z;:5<4 § VKL 5 > T 1 8 DF>HJMAKN Q\8 NHG�B,>@?<A 5F8:5 ��BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T

BHVc?<AKG�A��

� N@AKAW��BEACLCNcVc?ÁI[AK>HA�VW> 8 N�?ML�B�0MAKA 5 B]>HDMI 4 ACI�L�B_L TZ8 ^ V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1�LOJ<JFN 8 L�V�? 465�p LCN 468 DMB

NHA�BEACLCNcVc?iLON@ACL:B 8OQ ^ 4 NHA T ACBHB�V 8 G�G_D 5F4 V"LO> 4Z8:5 B]1[>@AKG�B"�� 5 � ³ ° � s L�B 4 GPJ T AYNHACI2DMVWACI`>HNHA�AW�]B]ACLONvV�?I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5�8OQ >@?<A`0<NHACL�I[>H?2� § NvBE>9>]1[JMA 4 B.LCJ<J T64 ACI_> 8 B]D<0 8 J<> 4 G�L T ¢ 8:4Z5 >.G D T > 4 D�BEAKNoI[AK>@ACVW> 468:5

465 0 4 >]�]B]1 5 V�?<N 8:5<8 DMBYV 8 I2A.I 4Zp[4 B 468�5 G D T > 4 J T AYL�VKVWACB@BSh]X 7�e = j BE1FBE>@AKG�B 8Cp AKN�0 8 >H? Ã LOD�BHB 4 L 5

L 5 I >]^ 8 �¡JMLO>@? � LK1 T A 4Z; ? Q L:I 4Z5<; Vc?ML 5<5 A T 0[1��A 4 L 5 I � L:B]G_DMB@BEA 5 �¸· 4 A�L 5 I � DMB]? Q\8 N@>H?V 8 G_0 4Z5 ACIiB]D<0 8 J<> 4 G D<Gµ>HN@AKAW��BEACLCNcVc?PL T6;:8 N 4 >H?<Gª^ 4 >@?PL�N@ACVWD<NvB 46p A T ACL:B]>E��BHa�DMLON@ACBSA�BE> 4 G�LO> 8 N

8OQ V 8 GPJ T A�� B 46;�5 L T LOG�J T64 >HDMI[A Q\8 N�¢ 8�465 > e LO� 4 G D<G'Â 46� A T64 ? 8�8 Iîh e Â j BEACa�D<A 5 VWA`I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5

L 5 IîJMLCNcLCG_>@AKN�ACB]>HG�LC> 468�5 � ³ í � � � 5 � ³ ¯ � s >HN@AKA BE>@NcVWDF>HD<N@ACI�B 46;�5 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5�4Z5,� � 3 ÂÕ= g2�BE1FBE>@AKG 4 B«JFN 8 J 8 BEACIu�*�£> 4 B Q\8 D 5 I 465 � ³ ¯ � � ³ ° � � ³ í � s >@?MLO>i>@NHAKA"�]B]ACLONvV�?�I2AK>HACV"> 8 N�L:Vc? 4 A p ACB5 ACLCNE� 8 J<> 4 G D<G}JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A9LO>.L p AKNH1 T68 ^�V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1��m· 8 ^oA p AKN s >HN@AKAW��BEACLCNcVc?PB@V�?FAKGPA 4Z5

V 8�5 ¢HDMVW> 468:5 ^ 4 >@?�BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L TU�S� V 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 > 8 N@ACI[DMVWA J<N 8 ? 4 0 4 > 46p A V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ

JMLCNcL TZT A T¶�f� V 8 I[AiL�VKabD 4 B 4Z8:5 ?ML p A 5<8 >$1�A�>,0MAKA 5 BED ;:; A�BE>HA�Iu�

� ?<A.A ¤ ACVW> 46p AoD<> 4ZT646õ LO> 4Z8:5`8OQ G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?MBu0MACV 8 GPACBmG 8 N@A 4 G�J 8 NH>vL 5 > 4Z5i5 AK�2> ; A 5 AKNcLC> 468�5

X 7�e =ÁV 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLC> 4Z8:5 BE1FBE>HA�G�B s ^.?<A�NHA,^ 4 I[Af0ML 5 I[^ 4 I[>@?MBYLCNHA.L T6TZ8 VKLO>@ACI«> 8 B]D<J<J 8 N@>Y? 46; ?

I<LC>cL�NvLO>@A�L 5 I�G_D T > 4 G_A�I 4 L BEA�N p24 VWA s NHACB]D T > 465<;�465 L 5*465 VWN@ACL:B]A 4Z5 >@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ NHA�B 8:TZp �

LO0 T AiJMLC>H?MB"� � ?<AiNHA�BED T > 4Z5 � à w�� BE? 8 ^9B�>@?MLO>`>H?FA L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA Q\8 N Q NHA�abD<A 5 VW1BEA T ACVW> 46p A Q L�I 465F; V�?�L 5<5 A T B 4 B.0©A�>H>HA�N$>@?ML 5 >@?MLO> Q\8 N]ªÕLC> Q L:I 4Z5<; I[DFA�> 8 >H?<A�I 46p AKNvB 4 >E1 ; L 4Z5

¯ x

L:Vc? 4 A p ACI�^ 4 >@?PG 8 NHA.>H?�L 5�8:5 A�NHACB 8:T6p LC0 T A9JMLO>@?MBW�o· 8 ^,A p AKN s��f� V 8 I[A`L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 465 G D T �

> 4 JMLO>@?�V�?�L 5<5 A T B 4 B T ACL�BE>�BE>HD�I 4 ACI+0MACV�LODMB]A 8OQ >@?<AiI 4 ¨�V"D T >]1 8CQ JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A�L 5 L T 1`>HN 4 J T AW��VWA T6T V 8 I[A�L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5�4Z5+Q NHACa�D<A 5 VW1b��BEA T ACVW> 46p A � L�1 T A 46; ? Q L�I 465F; Vc?ML 5 �5 A To4 B�J<N 8 J 8 B]ACIu�Án 5[Q\8 NH>HD 5 LO>@A T 1 s >@?<A 5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ G D T > 4 JMLC>H?MB�>H?�LO>�VKL 5 0MA�L:VKa�D 4 N@ACI 4 B

§ �2ACI s ^.? 4 V�?�G�LK1 0MAiLiJ<N 8 0 T AKG 465 NHACL T64 BE> 4 V$> 4 GPAW� p LONH1 465F; ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 IîX 7�e =�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?

Vc?ML 5<5 A T B s ^.?<AKN@A`>H?<A 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PV 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB.LON@A p LCN 4 LC0 T A �

� 5 >H?FA Q\8�T6TZ8 ^ 4Z5<; V�?MLCJ<>HA�NcB s ^,A�J<N 8 J 8 BEA�L 5<8Cp A T G�LC>cVc?<ACIb� §MT >HAKN]�£>]12J©A JMLCNcL TZT A T V 8 I[A

L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 B@V�?FAKGPA��=)>@NHAKAW��BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@ACI�J�LONcL T6T A T L�I<LOJ<> 46p A 5 AK>]^ 8 N � 8OQU� = q«R�§M5<; A�NcB.LON@A

VWN@ACLO>@ACI Q\8 N�L T6T J 8 BHB 4 0 T A�I[A T LK1iB]? 4¥Q >vBSL 5 I_DMB]AKNcB"� R GPJ TZ8 1 4Z5<; BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 B@V�?FAKGPA

465Ág ACVW> 468:5 à[� ¯FsS8�5<T 1 p24 LO0 T A � = q`R)§M5<; A�NcBiLON@APDMB]ACI�> 8�; A 5 AKNcLC>HAP>@?<A 8 D<>@J<D<> I[A�V 4 B 468:5

BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKB"� t DFN�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 B@V�?<A�GPA 4 B�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI Q\8 N`^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 I X 7�e =µV 8 GPG D 5<4 VKLO> 468�5

BE1FBE>@AKG�BoI[ACBHV"N 4 0MACI 4Z5îg ACVW> 4Z8:5 w �ñ°2�

K=�¹¸ QbX0¿�£ÿ§U¶ =£(�<§H¦«¿Ï¦«§,Ë ³�»H¦«§,§H¼½¿Â ¡?ËH¼½¿

� 5 >H? 4 B,B]ACVW> 468:5¶s ^oA`V 8�5 B 4 I[AKNf>H?<A�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?iD<J T64Z5<� V�?ML 5<5 A T¡s�465 V T DMI 4Z5<;�Q L:I 4Z5<; L 5 I�BE?ML�Ib�

8 ^ 465<; A ¤ ACVW>vBW��£> 4 B«L T B 8 L:BHB]D<GPACI�>H?�LO>�JMAKN Q ACVW>`J 8 ^,AKN�V 8:5 >HN 8:Tf4 B`DMBEACI Q\8 Nd>H?<A ; A 5 A�N 4 V

X 7�e =�A 52p24 N 8�5 GPA 5 > s BEDMVc?�>H?MLC>�>H?<A�L p AKNvL ; A�J 8 ^,AKN Q\8 N�>H?<A�I 8 G 465 L 5 >PJMLO>@? 4 B�V 8:5 �

BE>vL 5 >K��¬ 8 N B 4 GPJ T64 V 4 >]1 s 0 4Z5 LON@1�J<?ML�BEA�BE? 4 Q >HACI � AK1 465<; h 3.�,g2q�j G 8 I[D T LO> 468�5 L 5 IÁBHa�DMLON@A

J<D T BEA�B]?MLOJMA*LONHA�L�BHB]D<GPACIu� � ?FA Q\8�T6T68 ^ 4Z5<; ^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKG DMBEACBP0ML�BEAK0�L 5 I

I 4 BHVWN@AK>HAW�¡> 4 GPA9B 4Z;:5 L T L 5 I+B]1<B]>HAKGªG 8 I[A T �

¯ ®

HQÚeùgÚÜÛ ¹ äûãQà��Qâ�ågã ç»º�¼ � í«ß#â�ågé#îRäeì/ì àCß

� ?<Ai>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>HA�N$DMB]ACB�I 4 NHACV">�B]ACabDFA 5 VWA�BEJ<N@ACL:I�BEJMACVW>@NHD<G h 7«gFg<g<j G 8 I2D T LC> 468�5 � � ?<A 465 �

Q\8 N@G�LO> 468�5 I<LC>cL�BE12G_0 8:T B`LONHA�BEJ<N@ACL:I�021�DMB]AKNE��BEJMACV 4 § ACI�BE? 8 NH> B]J<NHACL�I 465F;��f� V 8 I[AP^ 4 >@?

BE12G 0 8�T.T A 5F; >H? L 5 I�0 4Z5 LON@1 JF?ML:B]A�BE? 4 Q >HACI � AK1 4Z5<; h 3.�,g2q�j G 8 I[D T LC>HACIÕ�)¬ 465 L T6T 1 sS4 > 4 B

>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI 8:5 LiNcL�I 468 VKLCNHN 4 AKNK� � ?<Ad>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACIPI 4Z; > 4 L T B]J<NHA�L:Ib��BEJMACVW>@NHD<GæB 46;:5 L TmQ N 8 G

DMB]AKNgf 465�8:5 AdB]1[G 0 8:Tu4Z5 >@AKN p L T VKL 5 0MA`NHAKJ<N@ACBEA 5 >@ACI_021 9

� d he^ j � i d ho^ j K d h ¯ �6® j

^.?<AKN@AP>H?FA�V�? 4 J�> 4 G�A 465 I[A��;^��æ®LS )�)�) S�½ L 5 IR½ 4 B`>H?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ Vc? 4 J�B«JMAKNiB]1[G 0 8:T8 N J<N 8 VWACBHB 465<;*; L 4Z5 � i d he^ j�4 B�>@?<A�V�? 4 J p L T D<A 8OQd�f� V 8 I[A 8CQ DMB]AKN�fdLO> > 4 GPA 465 I[AK��^ s

i d he^ j � " I�®NSK® $ �ÂK d 4 B�>H?FA�>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >H>@ACI�BE12G 0 8�T,p L T D<A�LO> >H? 4 BiBE12G_0 8�T.465 >HAKN p L T � � ?<A>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@>HACI�B 46;:5 L T ^ 4ZT6T 0MA I 4 B]JMAKNcB 46p A`0[1�>@?<AiVc?ML 5F5 A T L 5 I 4 > 4 B$B]D<02¢HACVW>9> 8 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA

L 5 I+L:IFI 4 > 46p A�^.? 4 >HA Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5+5F8:4 B]A h£=�� Ã��`j �

HQÚeùgÚeÙ í÷ügà¾¼ ýgõeì�äûÞQâ�ì�ü ç÷ügâ�åQå$àÊõ¸¼ ègãQàêõ¬<NHACa�D<A 5 VW1�BEA T ACVW> 46p A � L�1 T A 46; ? Q L:I 4Z5<;�4 B`DMBEACI�> 8 G 8 I[A T >H?FA�N@A p AKNvBEA�V�?ML 5<5 A TfQ N 8 Gï>@?<A

G 8 0 46T A�>HAKN@G 465 L T > 8 >@?<A�0�L:BEA�BE>cLC> 4Z8:5 � � ?<A�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?PNvL:I 4Z8 Vc?ML 5<5 A TuQ\8 N�f b�x G 8 0 46T A�G�LK1>H?FA 5 0MA`I2ACBHVWN 4 0MACI L:BoL«^ 4 I2A$0ML 5 IP>cLCJ<JMACIPI[A T LK1 T6465 A`hÛ� �.7 Â j G 8 I2A T ^ 4 >@?PB]>cLC> 4 B]> 4 VKL TZT 1

465 I[AKJMA 5 I[A 5 >o> 4 G�AW� p LCN 4 L 5 >o>cLCJ�^oA 46; ?[>-� d�� q 9

u d he^ j � ��q¿� 6 � dsqÁÀ ho^<I�p dsq j h ¯ � w j

¯ w

^.?<AKN@A=� 4 B�>H?FAP> 8 >cL To5 DFG_0MAKN 8CQ G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?MB s ^.? 4 V�? 4 BdI[1 5 LOG 4 V�0MACVKLOD�BEA 8CQ >H?<AP> 4 GPA"�p LON@1 4Z5<; V�?MLCNcL�VW>HAKN 4 B]> 4 V 8CQ ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 Ii^ 4 N@A T A�BHBfV�?�L 5<5 A T BW� � ?<A 465 I[A��NHAKJFNHACB]A 5 >vB 8:5 A 8OQ �G D T > 4 JMLC>H?MBYAK�2JMAKN 4 A 5 VWACI 0[1P>@?<Ahf byx DMBEAKN9L 5 I=p d�� q 4 B,>H?FA«N@A T LC> 4Zp A 4Z5 >@A ; AKN9Vc? 4 JP> 4 GPA�I2A T LK1^ 4 >@?�NHACB]J©A�VW>.> 8 >H?<A § NvBE>9LCNHN 4Zp[4Z5<; V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 > Q\8 N�� byx JMLO>@? 8CQ f byx DMBEAKN��

HQÚeùgÚeù ¹ äûãQà��Qâ�ågã ç»º�¼ � ��àÊþCàêä ��àCß� 5 G_D T > 4 J 8�465 >E�¡> 8 �£J 8:4Z5 >fD<J T6465F� X 7�e =-V�?�L 5<5 A T B s >H?<A`N@ACVWA 4Zp ACI�^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I+X 7�e =-B 4Z;:5 L T

4 Bf>H?<ArBED<JMAKN@J 8 B 4 > 468�5�8OQ �æV�?ML 5<5 A TÕ8 D<>@J<D<>vB Q N 8 G�� L:VW> 46p A9DMBEAKNvB s V 8 N@NHD<J<>@ACI_021PVc?ML 5<5 A T5<8�4 BEA s

� he^ j � ;� d�� 6 � d he^ j �-u d ho^ j 7Âj<he^ j h ¯ �ñà j

^.?<AKN@AfBE12G 0 8�T!Ãf4Z5 I 4 V�LO>HA�BuV 8�5[p�8�T D<> 468:5 L 5 I õ h 5ujF4 BmL�I<I[> 4Zp AY^.? 4 >HA Ã LOD�BHB 4 L 5d5<8:4 BEA9h£=�� Ã��«j^ 4 >@?�L+I 8 D<0 T A�B 4 I[ACI�J 8 ^,A�NiBEJMACV">HNcL T I[A 5 B 4 >]1 8OQ _FÄj � � 4 B«>@?<AP> 8 >cL T,5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ DMB]AKNcB"�� ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s L Q >HAKN � ¬�L 5 L T68:; I 8 ^ 5 V 8�5[p AKNvB 4Z8:5ms Vc? 4 JdJ<D T B]A�B]?MLOJ 465<;�§MT >HAKN 465<; L 5 IPVc? 4 J2�£NvLO>HA

BHLCGPJ TZ465<;Fs >@?<A9ACabD 46p L T A 5 >¦NHACVWA 46p ACI�0ML�BEAK0�L 5 I�I 4 BHVWN@AK>HAW�¡> 4 GPA.B 46;�5 L TÕ465 8:5 A`B]1[G 0 8:T JMAKN 4Z8 I

4 B 8 0<>cL 465 A�I�021 4Z5 BEAKN@> 4Z5<; h ¯ � w jo465 > 8 h ¯ �áà jcs 1 4 A T I 4Z5<; 9

� ho^ j � ;� d�� 6 ��qL� 6 � d�� q K d i d ho^�I�p dsq j 7Rj<ho^ j h ¯ � ¯2j

^.?<AKN@A i d he^�I�p dsq jÕ4 Bu>@?<A �S� V 8 I2A 8OQ DMBEAKNêfML Q >HAKN¦L]p dsq V 4 NcVWD T LON¶BE? 4 Q >K� g�4Z5 VWAoV 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:54 B.L 4 I[A�I�021PJ 4ZT68 >9BE12G_0 8:T B s ^.? 4 V�?�LON@A 5<8 >�I<LO>vL�G 8 I[D T LC>HACI s K d �-®:�

¯ à

K=�LK ³(¡?ËH¼ ÕÄÌE�?®,£�¶�£k¢8£¥¡<§ ¡�²� ®,¿Ö¢O£(X,¦½¢O» =£(�<§H¦�¿ÿ¶X 8 I[A�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5�4 B`>H?<A J<N 8 V"ACBHB 8CQ I[AK>HA�NHG 4Z5<465<; >H?FAP> 4 GPAiI[A T LK1 8OQ ACL�V�?�JMLC>H? 8OQ ACL�V�?

DMB]AKNK� g >@N 4 V"> T 1�BEJMACL �[4Z5<;<s I[AK>@AKNHG 465<4Z5<; >H?FASA��<L�VW>mB@LOGPJ TZ465<; > 4 GPA 4 BuL 5 ACB]> 4 G�LO> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 0 T A�G��

· 8 ^,A p AKN s > 8 N@ACI[DMV"A«>@?<A`J<N 8 0 T A�G±> 8_8�5 A 8OQ�§M5<4 >@AdI 4 GPA 5 B 4Z8:5 L T64 >]1 s >H?<AÌ2A T LK1 4 B.L:BHB]D<GPACI

> 8 0MAdL�G D T > 4 J T A 8OQ � � �f� 5�8 >@?<AKN9^ 8 NcI 4 B.L�BHBEDFGPACIu�

HQÚIHQÚÜÛ ç;è-åz�mà åOì�äûè$ågâOõµ¼ â�ì�þBü$àÊã%ë�äûõðì�àCß?� ÞQÞ]ß#èmâOþBü� 5 LPV 8�5[p A 5 > 4Z8:5 L T G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN`X 7�e =}NHACV"A 46p AKN s >H?<AiN@ACVWA 4Zp ACIPB 46;:5 L Tf4 B §�T >HA�NHACI�0[1�L

J<N@ACI[AK>@AKNHG 4Z5 ACI V 8 I[AiG�LC>cVc?<ACI §�T >HA�N s ^.?<AKN@A�ACL�V�?�J 8 B@B 4 0 T A I[A T LK1 8OQ >H?<A �S� BEACa�D<A 5 VWA 8OQ

>H?FA I[ACB 4 NHACI+D�BEAKN 4 B�A 5 V 8 I[A�I�L:B`L�BEAKJMLCNcLC>HA�BEAK> 8CQ V 8 Ak¨�V 4 A 5 >cBW� � ?FA_?MLCNcI[^�LON@API 4 L ; NcLOGV 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8�8�5 A 8OQ >H?FA$G�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT AKNvB 4 BfBE? 8 ^ 5P4Z5 ¬ 46; DFNHA ¯ �Z®�L 5 I_>H?FA�V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 Ib�

465F; I[ACV 4 B 468�5 V 4 NcVWD 4 > 4 B ;:4Zp A 5 465 ¬ 46; D<NHA ¯ � w � ��8 B 4 GPJ TZ4¥Q 1 5F8 >cLC> 4Z8:5ms ôAÌ[A §M5 A 5 d heâI;p dsq jL:B 5 dsq he^ jf465 >H?FA Q\8�T6TZ8 ^ 4Z5<;�§M; D<NHACB"�

T T T

C C C C

To Decision Circuit

MF Output

c c

ij (1) ij ij ij(3)(2) (G)

......

......

c

Received Signal

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �Z® 9,g ? 8 ^ 5�4 B 8�5 A 8CQ >@?<A4�R�-� � G�LO>cVc?<ACI §�T >HA�NcB sFq�4 B,>H?FA 5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ DMB]AKNcBoL 5 I� � 4 B,>@?<A`G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PB]J<NHA�L:I

� ?<AiNHA�VWA 46p A�I�B 46;�5 L TY4 B$G�LC>cVc?<ACI §�T >HA�NHACI�0[1�>H?FA �S� B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA Q\8 N�>@?<Aaf byx DMB]AKN�^ 4 >@?¯:¯

a> GMatched Filter PN GeneratorEnable

C

Received Baseband Signal

i,j

Σ( ).

To Rake Combiner

¬ 46; DFNHA ¯ � w 9f7 ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 V 4 NcVWD 4 > Q\8 N 8:5 A 8OQ >H?<A`JMLCNcL TZT A T G�AK>H? 8 I §MT >@AKNcB

465 >HA ; AKNo> 4 G�A�I[A T LK1?p dsq 8CQ >H?<Ag� byx JMLO>@?�L 5 I 4 B.I2A 5<8 >@ACIP0[1 � dy� q s

� d�� q � Z�\ � 6 � he^ j i d ho^�I�p dsq j� � dsq ½�7 Z�\ � 6 _�Å � 6 �� ÆÈÇ �Å � .ÊÉ�*d�� q h � Å . K Å i Å ho^�I�p Å . j 7Rj<ho^ j@j i d he^�I�p dsq j� � dsq ½�7 w F dsq h ¯ �ñ° j

^.?<AKN@A h ¯ � ¯[jf4 B,DMBEACI�L 5 I�^.?<AKN@A s

w F dsq � Z�\ � 6 _�Å � 6 �� ÆÈÇ �Å � .ÊÉ�*d�� q h � Å . K Å i Å ho^�I�p Å . j 7Rj<ho^ j@j i d he^�I�p dsq j h ¯ �ñí j

� ?<A�B 46;�5 L TfQ N 8 G/>H?FA�f byx G 8 0 4ZT A�^ 4 >H?�B]? 4¥Q >Xp q ^ 4ZT6T ?ML p A�L+J<N 8 V"ACBHB 465<;�; L 4Z5�8OQ ½ V�? 4 JMBJMAKN,0 4 > s L 5 I 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA Q N 8 G 8 >@?<AKNoDMBEAKNvB,VKL 5 0MA�G 8 I[A T ACIiL�B,L:IFI 4 > 46p A9^.? 4 >@A Ã LOD�BHB 4 L 5

465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA � w í � � � ?<AdV 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5 BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V � d�� q VKL 5 0MA«D�BEACIP> 8 >@ACBE> Q\8 N,>@?<A`J<NHACB]A 5 VWA 8OQ>H?FAiB 4Z;:5 L T I2A T LK1�ACIP021<� � � BEA�V 8:5 IFB Q N 8 G>@?<A�f b�x G 8 0 46T A � 7 A §M5 A v drq L�B$>H?<Ad?[12J 8 >@?<ACBEA�B>H?�LO>�>@?<AKNHA`AK� 4 B]>cB9LPBE>@N 8�5<; JMLC>H?�LO>�>H?<A�� byx I[A T LK1 Q\8 N9>H?FA�f byx G 8 0 46T A�� ?FA�>HA�BE>�BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V� d�� q VKL 5 0MA TZ8:5<; > 8`8:5 A 8CQ >]^ 8 G D<>HDML T6T 1«A��<V T DMB 4Zp AoBED<0MB]AK>cB sÌË#" L 5 I ËC6Y8CQ >H?<A 8 0MBEAKN p LO> 4Z8:5BEJ�L:VWA��,ÂMA�>

� d�� q � Ë#" 4 QY5<8 B 4Z;:5 L Tm4 B,J<N@ACBEA 5 > h ¯ � ³ j

¯ °

� d�� q � ËC6 4 Q�v d�� q 4 B,>HN@D<A h ¯ �ñð j

e+8 I[A TZ465<; >H?<AdA ¤ ACVW>cB Q N 8 G 4Z5 >@AKN Q AKN 465<; D�BEAKNvB$DMB 4Z5<; L Ã LCDMBHB 4 L 5 LOJFJ<N 8 � 4 G�LC> 468�5 � wb³�� s ôAVKL 5 >HACB]> Q\8 Ni>H?<APJFNHACB]A 5 VWA 8OQ L�B 46;:5 L T D�B 465F;;� dy� q�D�B 465F; L § �2ACI�B@LOGPJ T APB 46õ A >HA�BE>K� � ?<AQ\8:TZT68 ^ 465F;i4 B,>H?FA�I2ACV 4 B 468�5 N@D T A 9

� d�� q�� i Y/Z 5<8 B 46;�5 L T J<NHA�BEA 5 >f Y/Z B 46;:5 L T J<N@ACBEA 5 >

h ¯ � ² j

^.?<AKN@Ai>H?<Ai>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I Y Z ^ 4ZT6T I[AKJMA 5 I 8:5 >H?FA I[ACB 4Z;:5 VWN 4 >@AKN 4Z8:5 L 5 I�>H?<AiJ<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1�I 4 B��>HN 4 0<DF> 468�5�8OQ >H?<A 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA�L 5 I 5<8:4 BEA��

� Q >@?<A�?21[J 8 >H?<ACB]ACB v dsq 4 B.>HN@D<A s >H?FA 5 >@?<AdV 8 N@NHA T LO> 4Z8:5 BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V � dy� q 4 B9I 4 N@ACVW> T 1_N@A T LC>HACI> 8 >H?FA+B 46;�5 L T BE>@NHA 5<; >H? Q N 8 G >H?<A � byx JMLC>H? 8CQ >H?FA,f byx G 8 0 46T A � t >H?<A�NH^ 4 B]A s ^,A�L:B@BED<GPA>H?�LO>9>H?<AKN@A 4 B õ AKN 8 B 4Z;:5 L T B]>HNHA 5<; >@?�LON@N 4Zp[4Z5<;�Q N 8 G>@?<Ag� b�x G D T > 4 JMLC>H?m�¦� 5 A ¤ ACVW> s L VWD<>]� 8C¤4 B9Vc? 8 B]A 5 B]DMV�?�>H?MLC> 8�5<T 1�L_G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >.^ 4 >H?�>H?<A�V 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5 B]>cLO> 4 B]> 4 VdLO0 8Cp A

>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I Y/Z 4 B,> 8 0MA 465 V T DMI[ACI 465 >H?<A � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNK�

HQÚIHQÚeÙ í«ß'ýQågþCâ�ì àêãÔÝ-à��]ýgà�åOì äûâOõ�º�àôì�àêþ1ì äûè$å è��µ¼ ý$õðì�äûÞQâ�ì�ü Ý-äûæ$ågâOõûé=�B]ACLONvV�? Q\8 N9L T LCN ; A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ ?[12J 8 >H?FACBEACB,^.?FAKNHA`>H?FA p L:BE>9G�LK¢ 8 N 4 >E1 V 8:5 >cL 4Z5P5<8 B 4Z;:5 L T

V 8�5 BED<G�ACB`B 46;�5<4¥§ VKL 5 >�N@ACB 8 D<NcVWA�B 4¥Q L Q D T6T B]ACLONvV�?�^,AKN@A_A�GPJ T68 1�ACIÕ� 3 1�a�D 4 V �[T 1+N@A]¢HACVW> 465<;

JMLC>H?MB$>@?MLO>rLONHA I2AKAKGPACI > 8 V 8�5 >vL 4Z5+5<8�4 BEA"� 8�5<T 1�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cB9L 5 I�I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z5<; B 46;�5 L T JMLO>@?MB

I[AKA�GPACI$> 8 V 8�5 >vL 4Z5 A 5 A�N ; 1 s B]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T I[AK>HA�VW> 8 N 4 BmBE? 8 ^ 5 > 8�; NHA�LO> T 1Ì[ACV"NHACL�BEA,>@?<A 5 D<0<G�AKN

8OQ VKL T VWD T LO> 468�5 B 5 AKACI[ACI�0[1Á>H?<A � = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN L:B�V 8 GPJ�LONHA�I > 8 L�Ö0<N@D<>HA"� Q\8 NcVWAC¨ Q D T6T

BEA�LONcVc? � ³�� f� 5 >@? 4 BfBEA�VW> 4Z8:5 ôA$^ 4ZT6T LCJ<J T 1�BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 > 8 V 8 I[A`L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5 D�B 465F;¯ í

L:IFI 4 > 46p A 5<8�4 B]A«> 8 G 8 I[A T G D T > 4 D�BEAKN 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A��

� 5 BE>@ACL:I 8CQ I2ACV 4 I 465<; L Q >HAKN�½ BHLCGPJ T ACBu^.?<AK>@?<AKN � dy� qfV 8�5 >vL 4Z5 BYL9B 46;�5 L TF8 N 5<8 > s L�BEACa�D<A 5 �> 4 L T >@ACBE>�^ 4 >H?�LPG�LO� 4 G D<G 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ B]>cL ; ACB s F�b s VKL 5 0MA DMBEA�Iu� 7 A §M5 Ad>H?<A 4Z5 I 46p24 I2DML TG D T > 4 J TZ4 V"LO> 4Zp Af>HAKN@G 4Z5 >@?<A`V 8 NHNHA T LO> 468�5 GPAK>@N 4 VoLO>9B]>cL ; A�^ 8CQ >@?<A9>HACB]> Q\8 N9B 46;�5 L T J<NHACB]A 5 VWA465,� d�� q L�BÎÍ d�� q ho^ j:9 Í d�� q ho^ j � � ho^ j i d he^�I�p d�� q j h ¯ �6® x j

^.?<AKN@A � ho^ jo4 B,>@?<A`NHACVWA 46p ACI B 4Z;:5 L T �fn�B 465<; L Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5 LCJ<J<N 8 � 4 G�LC> 4Z8:5ms

Í dy� q ho{ j ] �� ¸Ï h x SA} jdy� q j 4¥Q L B 4Z;:5 L T JMLC>H?�I 8 ACB 5<8 >$AK� 4 B]>

Ï h �#dsq¥S:} jd�� q jæ4¥Q L B 4Z;:5 L T JMLC>H?�AK� 4 B]>cBh ¯ �6®�® j

^.?<AKN@Aa} jd�� q V 8:5 >cL 465 B90 8 >H? 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWAdL 5 I�L:IFI 4 > 46p A`>H?<A�NHG�L T�5<8�4 B]A�AK�2JMAKN 4 A 5 VWACI�0[1�>@?<A� byx JMLO>@? 8OQ >H?<A f byx DMB]AKNK� g 465 VWA.>@?<A�>@?<AKNHG�L T25<8:4 BEA`L 5 I 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA�LONHA9D 5 V 8 NHN@A T LC>HACI s ^oA?ML p A�>@?MLO>

} jd�� q �JÐ Y/�Ñ" w F dy� q $ 7Ï} jb h ¯ �6® w j

^.?<AKN@Ah} jb 4 B,>H?FA�L�I 46p A�>H?<AKN@G�L TÕ5<8:4 BEA p LON 4 L 5 VWA��

� ?<AdI[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 LO>�BE>vL ; Ah^�hH®�� ^ i F�b jf8OQ >@?<A`>HACB]>9VKL 5 0©A`^.N 4 >H>@A 5 L:B 9\�Å � 6 Í d�� q ho{ j

�� ^ []\ h Vc? 8�8 BEA v�6 L 5 I�>HA�NHG 4Z5 LO>@A$>@ACBE>��M-\ h Vc? 8�8 BEA v�" L 5 I�>HA�NHG 4Z5 LO>@A$>@ACBE>8 >@?<AKNH^ 4 BEA h V 8:5 > 465 D<A�> 8 BE>vL ; A 5 7d®

=.>,>H?FA�B]>cL ; A<F�b s >H?<A`>@ACBE> 4 B,>HAKN@G 465 LC>HACI sb4 � A��¦L §�5 L T I[A�V 4 B 468:5�4 B,NHACL�V�?<A�I s_'`�Å � 6 Í d�� q he{ j

�� ^ []_ ` h Vc? 8�8 B]A v�6 L 5 I�>HAKN@G 465 LC>HA9>HACB]>��[ _ `Òh Vc? 8�8 B]A v " L 5 I�>HAKN@G 465 LC>HA9>HACB]>¯ ³

� ?<A LC0 8Cp Ad>H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I+JMLCNcLCGPAK>HA�N$> 8 I[AK>@ACVW>9G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�B 4Z;:5 L T£su5 LCGPA T 1?[]\ s M-\ []_'`fL 5 IFQb9LCNHA�I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�L:V�V 8 NvI 465<; > 8 G_D T > 4 BE>cL ; Ai?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B`>HACB]> 465F;�Q NvLOGPA�^ 8 N � J<N@ACBEA 5 >@ACI 4Z5g ACV"> 468�5 à[� ¯ �Y=�BmL.NHA�G�LON �us >H?<AoLO0 8Cp A.B]ACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T I[A�>HACVW> 468�5 VKL 5 L TZT68 ^�>@?<A 4 GPJ T AKG A 5 >cLO> 468�5

8OQ L � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKNf^ 4 >H?�L p LON 4 LO0 T A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQo� = q«R�§M5<; AKNcB s ^.? 4 V�? 4 B p AKN@1PB]D 4 >vLO0 T A

Q\8 N9^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =þB]1<B]>HAKG s ^.?FAKNHA`>H?FA«G D T > 4 J�LO>H? 4 B9I[1 5 LOG 4 VKL T6T 1d> 4 GPAW� p LCNH1 465<; �

K=�PO º�°O¼Q¼ �¢!°�®,Ì�¢O®H°O¼½Ë ºÏ¼½¯ X;¡�°O¦«¿Ä?¼�¦4°�Ì�» ¡�² ®,¿k¢8£WÓX,¦�¢8» =£3�<§H¦�¿�¶

HQÚ ÔgÚÜÛ Ý]ügèOß ì�Ý-Þgß#àÊâOãQä¹ågæ�ç�è]ãQà�º�àêé äûæ$åg�4Z5 VWA9>H?<A 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A 4 B,>H?FA`BHLCGPA 4Z5 A p AKN@1 BE12G_0 8�T©4Z5 L�B]? 8 N@>9V 8 I[A 7«g �@X 7�e =�B]1<B]>HAKG

L:B 4 B`AK�[J T L 4Z5 ACI 4Z5 g A�VW> 4Z8:5 w � w �6® s�4 > 4 B«J 8 B@B 4 0 T A > 8+TZ4 G 4 >$>@?<A 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWAi0MAK>]^,AKA 5 L 5 1

>]^ 8 DMBEAKNvB�> 8 L�B]G�L TZTSp L T D<AP021*BEA T ACVW> 4Z5<; B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA�BEA�>cB�^ 4 >@? �25<8 ^ 5 ;�8�8 I(V 8 NHN@A T LC> 468�5

J<N 8 JMAKNH> 4 ACB s >H?2DMB 465 VWN@ACL:B]A.>H?<A�BE1FBE>@AKGªVKLCJML:V 4 >]1�� Q >H?<A 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ DMBEA�NcB,LCNHA T ACB@BY>H?ML 5 >@?<A

T A 5<; >@? 8OQ >H?<A�BEJ<N@ACL:I 4Z5<; BEA�abD<A 5 VWA s�4 > 4 B«J 8 B@B 4 0 T A�> 8 A T64 G 465 LO>HA 4Z5 >@AKN Q A�NHA 5 V"A L T > 8:; AK>H?<A�N

021iDMB 4Z5<;�8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L T BEA�abD<A 5 VWACB � à ²ÿ� �Y� 5P8 DFN,^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�BE1FBE>HA�G�B s >H?FA 8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L TÃ98:T I�V 8 I[A Q LOG 4ZT 1�^ 4 >H? T A 5<; >@? w °�í 4 B,DMBEACI�L:B9BE? 8 NH>9BEJFNHACL�I 465<; V 8 I[ACBW� t NH>@? 8:;�8:5 L TSÃ98:T I

V 8 I[A�B�LON@A_JFN 8 I[DMV"ACI�021�L:IFI 465<; LÕN õ AKN 8 ¨+LC>«>@?<A A 5 I 8OQ >H?FA Ã98:T I�V 8 I[ACB � ¯ � �P�£> 4 B�^oA T6T�25<8 ^ 5 >@?MLO>¦L Q LOG 46T 1 8CQmÃ98:T I«V 8 I[ACB 4 B ; A 5 AKNcLC>HACI Q N 8 G�>@?<AfJ<NHA Q A�NHNHA�I$JML 4 NcB 8OQ G_��BEACa�D<A 5 V"ACB

L 5 I_>H?<A�NHA9LON@A`L�> 8 >cL TÕ8OQ ½g7�®�V 8 I[A�B 465 L 5 1 Q LOG 46T 1 8CQYÃ98:T IPV 8 I[ACB"�f·$AKN@A§½ 4 BY>H?FA T A 5<; >@?8OQ >H?<A9B]? 8 N@>oV 8 I[A 8 NoBEJ<N@ACL:I 465<;�Q L:V"> 8 N � ®Kí � � w ¯ � � w ° � � � ?<A$JFNHA Q AKN@NHACI`JML 4 NcB 8OQ G_��BEACa�D<A 5 V"ACB

¯ ð

V 8 D T I+0MA Vc? 8 B]A 5 021 Ã$8�T Ib��I[N 46p ACI�L T6;:8 N 4 >H?<G 465 � w ° � ��AiI[A §�5 A L Q LOG 46T 1 8OQo8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L TÃ98:T I+V 8 I[A�B.L:B Q\8:T6TZ8 ^9BW�

"Nz 6 S z j S�Ö " S�Ö 6 S ¢(¢3¢ S�ÖN_ � j $^.?<AKN@A z 6 L 5 I z j LON@A�G 8 I 4 § ACIiG_��BEACa�D<A 5 V"ACBfL 5 IP>H?FAK1PLCNHA�>@?<A�GPA�G_0MAKNvB 8OQ�8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L TÃ98:T IPV 8 I[A Q LCG 46T 1�� ?<A�G 8 I 4¥§ ACIiG_��BEACa�D<A 5 VWA 4 B,V 8�5 BE>@NHDMVW>@ACI_021 L:Io>H?<A�A 5 I

8OQ L 5 G_��BEACa�D<A 5 V"A�� ?<NHAKAdI[A�B 4 NvLO0 T A`J<N 8 J©A�NH> 4 ACB 8OQU8 NH>@? 8:;�8:5 L TSÃ98�T I+V 8 I[ACB9LONHA 9

® jrRUp A 5�4¥Q z 6 L 5 I z j LONHA G 8 I 4 § ACI+G_��BEA�abD<A 5 VWACB suT68 ^µLCD<> 8 V 8 NHN@A T LC> 4Z8:5 J<N 8 JMAKN@> 4 A�BLON@A`J<NHACB]AKN p A�I � ® ³�� í�° � �

w j � 4 >@?�>H?<A�A��<VWA�J<> 4Z8:5�8OQ z j s >H?<A*LO0 8Cp A�AK�2>HA 5 I[ACI Ã98�T I�V 8 I[A Q LOG 4ZT 1 Q\8 NHG�BPL 58 N@>H? 8�;:8�5 L T B]AK>K�

à j�� ?<AdVWN 8 BHB9V 8 N@NHA T LO> 468:5 B,0©A�>E^oAKA 5 V 8 I[ACB9LONHA TZ8 ^`�

HQÚ ÔgÚeÙ ç;ègãQà�í�ß#àêà(ç;è-ågé*ì/ß1ýgþ1ì�äûè$å

� 5 BE>@ACL:I 8OQ >HA�BE> 4Z5<; L T6T J 8 BHB 4 0 T A V 4 NcV"D T LCN9BE? 4 Q >cB 8OQ L T6T DMBEAKNvB lÕ�f� V 8 I[ACB 4Z5 I[AKJMA 5 I2A 5 > T 1P021

L_0ML 5<�+8CQ V 8 I[AiG�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKNcB s ^oA�J<N 8 J 8 B]A_> 8 >HA�BE>�>@?<AKG ¢ 8:4Z5 > T 1�L 5 I+D<> 4ZT64Zõ AdV 8 GPG 8:5

>HA�BE> 4Z5<; B]>cLO> 4 B]> 4 V�BW� 7 D<Ai> 8 >H?FA Q L:V">�>H?MLC>`B 8 GPAiB]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQ��f� V 8 I[ACB�?ML p A 4Z5<4 > 4 L T Vc? 4 JMB 4Z5

V 8 GPG 8:5¶s B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMB,?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B,>@ACBE> 465<; 4 B.J 8 BHB 4 0 T A�021 8 N ; L 5<46õK4Z5<; L T6T >@?<A�D�BEAKNvB lM�f�

V 8 I[A�B 465 > 8 L V 8 I[A`>HN@AKA��AdL:Vc? 4 A p A$>@? 4 B,021 § NvBE>.A 5 D<GPAKNvLO> 465<; L TZT J 8 BHB 4 0 T AdBE? 4 Q >cB 8OQU�f�

V 8 I[A�B 8OQ L T6T DMB]AKNcB 4Z5 LiV 8 I[A�0 8�8��us ^.?<AKN@A�ACL�V�?�V 8 I[AK^ 8 NcI�I[A 5F8 >HA�B,LiBE? 4¥Q > 8CQ B 8 GPA9DMB]AKN l B

�f� V 8 I[A�� ?<A 5 ^,A�J<N 8 V"AKACI�>H?<N 8 D ; ?�>H?<A�V 8 I2AK0 8�8:�Õs V 8 I[AK^ 8 NcI�0[1�V 8 I[AK^ 8 NcIu� R L:Vc?

V 8 I[A�^ 8 NvI 4 B,J<N 8 VWA�BHBEA�I�Vc? 4 J�021�Vc? 4 J 9 ACL�V�?�Vc? 4 J p L T D<A 4 B,A 5 V 8 I[ACI 4Z5 L V 8 I[A`>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A �¯ ²

� 5 ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I(X 7�e = BE1FBE>HA�G�B s >H?FAKNHA�LCNHA=� D�BEAKNvB�>HNcL 5 BEG 4 >H> 465<; >@?<A�I<LC>cL�BE12G 0 8�T BB 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 DMB T 1 4Z5 >H?FA�BHLCGPA�V�?�L 5<5 A T ��A�L:B@BED<GPA�>H?MLC>P>H?FA+G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�B]J<NHACL�I 4 GPA��+ÂMAK> V 8 I2A�0 8�8��5 I[A 5<8 >@A+L�G�LO>@N 4 ��^ 4 >H?Â�.�4�!�iN 8 ^9BW� R L:Vc?�N 8 ^V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 IFB�> 8 LiB]? 4¥Q > 8CQ L �f� V 8 I[A 8OQ L�DMB]AKN 465 >@?<A`BE1FBE>@AKG'^ 4 >H? T A 5F; >H?g½ V�? 4 JMBW�f¬ 8 N>H?FA`V 8:52p A 5<4 A 5 VWA 8OQ L T6;:8 N 4 >H?<G I[ACB@VWN 4 J<> 4Z8:5ms ^,A 4 I[A 5 > 4 Q 1�ACL�V�? 5<8 I[AdLC>.L«J�LONH> 4 VWD T LON�I[AKJ<>@?

T A p A TM8OQ >@?<A`>HNHA�A`BEACLCNcVc?�0[1P>@?<A Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465<;iT LO0MA TZ465<; N@D T A 9

� NHAKA �$8 I2A�ÂÕLC0MA T64Z5<;P� D T A�$8 I[A h 4¡s ¢ j I[A 5F8 >HA�B�>@?<Ag� byx >HN@AKA 5<8 I[A�LO>.>HN@AKAdI[AKJ<>@? T A p A T f�$8 I[A h 4¡s ¢ jcl B T A Q >.Vc? 46T I 4 B T LO0MA T ACI�L:B 5<8 I[APh 4 7d® s w ¢E�v® j �L 5 IP>H?FA«N 46; ?[>9Vc? 46T I 4 B T LO0MA T ACI�L:B`h 4 7d® s w ¢ j �fÊ�-®LS )¥)�) S�½hSK®��>� w d s ^.?<AKN@A@½ 4 B,>H?FA T A 5<; >H? 8OQ >@?<AdV 8 I[A

� ?<A�J<N 8 VWACI[DFNHA 8CQ V 8�5 BE>@NHDMV"> 465F; >H?FA�V 8 I2A«>@NHAKA9^ 8 N � BSN@ACVWD<NvB 46p A T 1�� ?<A`Vc? 4 J p L T D<ACB 8OQ

V 8 I[A�0 8�8��,5 LONHA T LO0MA T A�I_N 8 ^�0[1PN 8 ^�L�VKV 8 NvI 465F; > 8 >H?FA T LO0MA TZ465<; N@D T A��¦¬ 8 N.N 8 ^ f s Vc? 4 J�� 9

� Q�5 � f � � � � �JId® s>@?<A 5�; A 5 AKNcLC>HAdL T A Q >�V�? 4ZT I

� Q�5 � f � � � � �-® s>@?<A 5�; A 5 AKNcLC>HAdLiN 46; ?[>�V�? 46T I

� ?<A T L�BE>dV 8:T D<G 5�8OQ >@?<A V 8 I[A 0 8�8:� V 8:5 B 4 BE>vB 8OQ ��Q�!� T ACL Qo5<8 I[A�B 8CQ >@?<A_>@NHAKA su4 � A�� su5F8Vc? 46T I[NHA 5 LONHA ; A 5 AKNvLO>HA�I+LO>.>@?<A`A 5 I 8OQ ACL:Vc?�N 8 ^`� � ?FAiI[AKJF>H? 8OQ >@?<A`>HN@AKA 4 B s >H?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s ½T A p A T B"�

° x

��8d46TZT DMB]>HNcLC>HA9>H?<A9>HN@AKA�V 8:5 B]>HN@DMVW> 4Z8:5 JFN 8 VWACI2D<NHA s LdB 4 G�J T A.AK�FLOG�J T A 4 BSJFN 8Cp[4 I[ACIu�¦·$AKN@A s

^,AdV 8�5 B 4 I[AKN�L_X 7�e =-BE1FBE>HA�G'^ 4 >@? w D�BEAKNvB.L 5 I�V 8 I[AdBEJ<N@ACL:I 465<;�Q L�VW> 8 N Ã-4 BSA�abDML T > 8i¯ �

ÂMAK>9>H?<A �f� V 8 I[A 8OQ D�BEAKN`®�0MA 9 " ®NS�I�®NS�I�®NSK® $� ?<A`J 8 BHB 4 0 T AiB]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQ >@?<A �S� V 8 I2A 8CQ DMB]AKN`®�LCNHA 9

" ®LSRId®LSÍ�®NS ® $" I�®LSRId®LS ®LS ® $" I�®LS ®LS ®LSÍ�® $" ®LS ®LSÍ�®NSRI�® $h ¯ �6®�à j

ÂMAK>9>H?<A �f� V 8 I[A 8OQ D�BEAKN w 0MA 9 " ®LS�Id®LSK®NS�I�® $� ?<A`J 8 BHB 4 0 T AiB]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQo�f� V 8 I[A 8OQ DMBEAKN w LON@A 9

" ®LSRId®LSÍ�®NSRI�® $" I�®LS ®LSÍ�®NS ® $ h ¯ �6® ¯[j

� ?<AdV 8 I[A�0 8�8��05-4 B ;:46p A 5 L:B 9

X 8 I2A�0 8�8:�,5

×ØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØÙ

® Id® I�® ®

Id® Id® ® ®

Id® ® ® I�®® ® I�® I�®® Id® ® I�®Id® ® I�® ®

Ú6ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜh ¯ �6®�° j

g�465 VWA`>H?<A 5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ >@NHAKA 5<8 I2ACB 465 >@?<A 4Z5<4 > 4 L T I[AKJ<>@? T A p A T B 8OQ >@?<A`>HN@AKA 4 B.G_DMVc? T ACB@B

>H?�L 5 >@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ L TZT J 8 BHB 4 0 T A.BE? 4¥Q >cB 8OQ©�S� V 8 I2ACB s >@NHAKA"�]B]>HNHD�VW>HD<N 465<; >@?<A �f� V 8 I[A�BEACLCNcVc?

°[®

NHA�I[DMVWACBf>H?<A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8CQY8 JMAKNcLC> 468�5 B 465 >HAKN@G�B 8OQ G_D T > 4 J T64 VKLO> 4 8:5 BfL 5 I+L:IFI 4 > 468:5 B�h e = 7 B j �

� ?<A V 8 I2Ai>HNHA�AiI 4 L ; NvLOG 8OQ >H? 4 B�A��<LCGPJ T A 4 B$B]? 8 ^ 5�4Z5 ¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �áà[�`� 5 >@? 4 B9AK�<LCGPJ T A s >@?<A

5 D<G_0MAKN 8CQ V 8 I[A B]? 4¥Q >vB 8CQ L T6T DMB]AKNcB�LCNHA�í[� � ?FA V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 8OQ >@NHAKAdBE>@NHDMV">HD<N@ACI�¬ g<g >HACB]>

V 8 GPJMLON@ACI�> 8+5F8:5 �¡>HN@AKA�BE>HN@DMVW>@D<NHACI�¬ g<g >HACB]>iLON@A T64 BE>@ACI 4Z5�� LO0 T A ¯ �Z®PBE>vL ; A�021*BE>cL ; A 4Z5

>HA�NHG�B 8OQUe = 7 B"� 3 1PV 8 GPJMLCN 4 B 8:5¶s ^,A 8 0MB]AKN p A`B 46;�5<4¥§ V�L 5 >.V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1dNHACI2DMVW> 4Z8:5 A p A 5_4Z5

BED�V�?�LPB]G�L TZT V 8 I[Ai>@NHAKA��`ÂÕLON ; AKN`V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1_N@ACI[DMV"> 468�5+8 VKV"D<NcB$^.?FA 5 L T LCN ; AKN`V 8 I[Ai>@NHAKA

4 B,D�BEACI�L:B 465 J<NvL:VW> 4 VKL T ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I+X 7�e =-B]1<B]>HAKG�B"�

B]>cL ; A ® w à ¯

5<8:5 �¡>HN@AKAdBE>@NHDMVW>@D<NHA�I í í í í

>HN@AKA`BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@ACI w ¯ í í

� LO0 T A ¯ �Z® 9Yg >vL ; A"�£021b��BE>vL ; A9V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]19V 8 GPJMLON 4 B 8:5`465 ACL�V�?�BE>cL ; Ao0©A�>EôAKA 5 >H?FA,>HN@AKAoBE>@NHDMV��>HDFNHACIP¬ g<g L 5 I 5<8�5 �£>@NHAKAdB]>HNHD�VW>HD<N@ACI�¬ g<gi4Z5 >HAKN@G�B 8OQUe = 7 BW� g >cL ; A ¯i4 BS>@?<A`>HN@D 5 VKLC> 468�5

BE>vL ; A��

HQÚ ÔgÚeù º�â�ì�â Ý�ì/ß1ýgþ1ì#ý-ß#à âÐå$ã ��õûæmè8ß#äeì#üQî º àÊé þ1ßáäúÞgì äûè$å è_�Dí�ß#àÊàÝ-àêâ�ß#þ1ü

� 5�8 DFNiBEA�LONcVc?�J<N 8 VWACI[DFNHA s ôAPDMBEA�G_D T > 4 BE>cL ; Ai?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B`>HACB]> 465F; I[ACB@VWN 4 0MACI 465Ág ACVW> 468:5

¯ � ¯ � w > 8 J<NHD 5 Ai>H?<Ai>@NHAKA�� 3 ACVKLOD�BEAiG D T > 4 J T A�?[12J 8 >@?<ACBEA�B«LCNHAi>@ACBE>@ACIi¢ 8:4Z5 > T 1 s B 8 GPAdJMLO>@?MB

>H?�LO>9LON@AdI[AKAKGPA�I�> 8 V 8:5 >cL 465�5<8:4 BEAW� 8:5FT 1�V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 >cBS^ 4ZT6T 0©AÀ TZ4 G 4Z5 LO>@ACIiB 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 DMB T 1

° w

^.? 4ZT A 8 >H?<A�N«J�LO>H?�Br>@?MLO>dLCNHA I[AKA�GPACI�> 8 V 8�5 >vL 465 B 4Z;:5 L T A 5 A�N ; 1�LON@API[A�>HACVW>@ACI+B 4 G D T >vL 5 A"�

8 D�B T 1 � � ?<A T68 ôAKNi>HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI g2�f�Y� >H?<N@ACBE? 8:T IFB<M d L 5 I�D<J<JMAKNi>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I<Ba[ d LCNHA�L T B 8I[ACB 46;�5 ACIPDMB 4Z5<; h£à[�Z®:® jcs h£à2�6® w jcs h£à2�6®�à j 0[1�BEAK>@> 4Z5<; >H?<A Q\8�T6T68 ^ 4Z5<; JMLONvLOGPA�>HAKNvB 9

|4� r " ��drq $ h ¯ �6®�í j

} j � } jd�� q h ¯ �6® ³ j

^.?<AKN@A?��drq 4 B`>H?<A�B 46;:5 L T BE>HN@A 5<; >H? 8OQ ACL:Vc?�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�L 5 I�} jd�� q 4 B�>@?<A 465 >HA�N Q AKN@A 5 VWA J T D�B5<8�4 BEA ;�46p A 5 0[1Áh ¯ �6® w j � 3 ACVKLCDMBEAPôAPAK�2JMACVW>�> 8+§M5<4 BE?ÁV 8 I[A�L�VKa�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5�4Z5�8:5 A�B]1[G 0 8:T

JMAKN 4Z8 I s >H?FA«G�LO� 4 GiD<G 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ BE>vL ; A�B 4Z5 >@?<A�G D T > 4 B]>cL ; A$?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B,>@ACBE> 4 B T ACB@BS>@?ML 5

>H?FA 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ Vc? 4 J�B,J©A�N9BE12G_0 8:T ½ s >H?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s ôA`NHAK^.N 4 >HA 9F�bC��G 465 h FQbûS�½ j h ¯ �6®�ð j

^.?<AKN@A F�b 4 B$V�L T V"D T LC>HACIP021�h¡à[�Z®Kí j � � ?<AiI2ACB 4Z;:5 ACI+>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I<B�LCNHA�BE> 8 NHACI 4Z5 >@?<A�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN§ N@G_^�LONHA � � ?FA Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465F;i465[Q\8 NHG�LC> 468�5P4 B.B]> 8 NHACI�^ 4 >H? 465 ACL�V�?�>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A 9

®:� � ?<AdVWDFNHNHA 5 >.>@ACBE>9B]>cL ; A�f s24 � A s >@?<A`>HNHA�AÌ[AKJ<>@? T A p A TM8CQf5<8 I[A��©�

w � �f� V 8 I[A p L T D<A 8OQ >@NHAKA 5F8 I[AQ�M�

à[� � ?<A >HA�BE>dBE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V 8OQ94 >cB Q LC>H?<A�N 5F8 I[A s �� d�� q s ^.?<AKNHA f 4 B�>HN@AKA I[AKJ<>@? T A p A T L 5 I?� 4 B>@?<A`>HNHA�A 5<8 I[A 4 I[A 5 > 4 § AKN��

¯ �9= T64Z5<� ACI T64 BE>.>H?�LO>�V 8:5 >cL 465 B.L T6T JMLC>H?MB.>H?MLC> 465 >HAKNvBEACV">,>H? 4 B 5<8 I[A �

� ?<A_X 7�e = N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNoV 8 I[A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5�4 B.L_V 8 G_0 465 LC> 468�5P8OQ >HNHA�A`BEACLCNcVc? s V 8 I[A�V 8 N@NHAW�

T LC> 4Z8:5 L 5 I�BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 �Y��AÌ[A 5<8 >@A s�� d�� q L:B,>H?FA�>HN@D 5 VKLC>HACI gb�S�¦� >@ACBE>�BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V°:à

8OQ >@NHAKA 5<8 I[A�h 4£s ¢ jcs � hef j L:B$>@?<Aaf byx B 46;�5 L T Vc? 4 J�BHLCGPJ T A�> 8 0©AiJFN 8 VWACB@BEACI�L 5 I �Q� dy� q 4 B�>@?<A465 J<D<>�>@ACBE>�BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V 8CQ >H?<A Q LC>H?<A�N 5<8 I[A 8CQ >@NHAKA 5<8 I[A�h 4¡s ¢ j � � ?<A�LONHNvLK1�Ket ^ 4 >H?�B 46õ A 8OQ��!� 4 B$DMB]ACI+> 8 NHACV 8 NcI+>@?<A I[AK>@ACVW>HA�I�JMLC>H?MB 465 >H?<A V 8 I[A L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468�5 J<N 8 VWACI[D<N@A�� ?<AL TZ;:8 N 4 >@?<G 4 B,AK�[A�VWD<>HA�IPL:B Q\8:TZT68 ^9B 9

®:�9� 5<4 > 4 L T64Zõ A�>@ACBE>�B]>cLC> 4 B]> 4 V p L T D<AoLO>m>@?<Af>HN@AKAfN 8�8 > 5<8 I[A�hÛ>@NHAKAfI2AKJ<>H? T A p A T x j L:B 9 �ê" � 6 � xL 5 I 4Z5 J<D<>.>@? 4 B p L T D<A`> 8 >HN@AKA 5<8 I[A�B«h@® s ® jcs h@® s w jcs<4 � A�� sá��6 � 6 � �Q��6 � j � x

w � � ACVWD<NvB 4Zp A T 1�AK�2ACVWD<>@Ai>H?<A�>HACB]> 4Z5 I2AKJ<>H? T A p A T f$021�0<NHA�L:I[>@?[� § NcBE>d>HN@AKAPB]ACLONvV�?¶��= T6T>@?<Ai>HN@AKA 5<8 I2ACB`LO>�>@NHAKA�I[AKJ<>@? T A p A T f.LCNHAi>@ACBE>@ACIu� � ?FAi>HACB]>`BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V p L T D<AiLC>«>@NHAKA5<8 I2APh 4¡s ¢ j¦4 B.V 8 GPJ<D<>@ACI_021 9

� d�� q � 5 d�� q � � hef j 7 �Q� d�� q h ¯ �6® ² j

� Q'� dy� q§� M-d s >@?<A.B]D<0<>@NHAKA Q N 8 G >H? 4 B�>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A 4 B�I 4 BHV�LONcI2ACI Q N 8 G Q D<NH>@?<AKN�J<N 8 V"ACBHB 465<; �� Qm� dy� q f [ d s NHACV 8 NcIP>H?FA�I2AK>HACV">HACI_J�LO>H?�B 4Z5 >@AKNcB]ACVW> 4Z5<; ^ 4 >H?�>H? 4 B,>HN@AKA 5<8 I[A�� Q [ d i � d�� q i M d su8 D<>HJFD<> � dy� q > 8�4 >cB�Vc? 4ZT I 5F8 I[ACB`LO>`B]>cL ; A f�7�® L 5 I�J<N 8 VWAKACI+> 8>@?<A 5 AK�2>.>HNHA�A`I[AKJ<>@? T A p A T¡s�4 � A � s BEAK>gf�� fÌ7 ®�L 5 I�N@AKJMACLO>��

à[�9� Q >@?<A §M5 L T B]>cL ; A 4 B$N@ACL:Vc?<ACI s©4 � A�� s f��DF b s L 5 I 4 Q L TZT >@?<A�>@NHAKA 5<8 I[ACB 4Z5 >H? 4 B9BE>cL ; ALCNHA`>HACB]>HACI s >H?<A 5 >@AKNHG 4Z5 LO>@A$>@?<A`>HACB]>K�

X 8:5 > 4Z5 D 4Z5<; ^ 4 >@?P>H?FA«JFNHA p2468 DMB,AK�FLOGPJ T A s ^oA`L:B@BED<GPA�>H?MLC>.>H?<A 465 J<D<>9B 4Z;:5 L T£s BHLOG�J T ACI

LO>`>@?<A V�? 4 J+NvLO>@A 4 B � he^ j � � x/)¥³ I x*) ¯ x/) í�I x*) ® � L 5 I�>H?<Ai>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I 4 B]>cL ; A?21[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 BS>@ACBE> 465<; LCNHA TZ4 BE>@ACI 465�� LC0 T A ¯ � w � � ?<A�>HN@D 5 VKLC> 4Z8:5 B]>cL ; A4F b � ¯ L 5 I_>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I

° ¯

LO> >H?FA+>HN@D 5 VKLC> 4Z8:5 B]>cL ; A ¯<s -p��ë® ) à[� � ?<A�J 8 BHB 4 0 T A � = q`R §M5F; AKNvB 465 >HAKNvBEACV"> 465F; ^ 4 >@?V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; >HN@AKA 5<8 I[ACB9LON@A TZ4 B]>HACI 465�� LC0 T A ¯ �ñà2�

BE>vL ; A ® w à ¯

TZ8 ^oAKN,>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I �c®�� x � x �ñ° x ®��ñà

D<J<JMAKN.>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I x �ñ° ®:� x ®:�á° ®��ñà

� LO0 T A ¯ � w 9f� ?<A�DFJ<JMAKN,>@?<NHACB]? 8:T IPL 5 I T68 ^,A�NS>@?<NHA�BE? 8�T IH?<A9AK�FLOGPJ T A.>HACB]>,^.?<A�NHA�BE>cL ; A¯ 4 B,>H?FA«>@NHD 5 VKLO> 468:5 B]>cL ; A��

� ?<A�L T6;�8 N 4 >H?FG�^ 8 N � B`L:B Q\8�T6TZ8 ^9B 9�465<4 > 4 L T6T 1 s1�ê" � 6 � x L 5 I 4 >vB p L T D<A 4 B�BHL p ACI 4Z5 >@NHAKA5<8 I[A�hH® s ® j L 5 I+h@® s w jcs24 � A s*�Q��6 � 6 � �Q�!6 � j � x � � ?<A9>HA�BE>.B]>cLCNH>cB Q N 8 G±>@?<A$>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A�hH® s ® jvs>HN@AKA 5<8 I[A�hH® s w j¦465 JMLCNcL TZT A TM4Z5 >HNHA�A�I[A�J<>H? T A p A T ®�� ?<A$>@ACBE>oB]>cLO> 4 B]> 4 V.^ 4 >@?_>@NHAKA 5F8 I[AihH® s ® j

4 B.V 8 GPJ<DF>HACIPL�B 9

�O6 � 6 � � hH® j � 5-6 � 6 7 �ê" � 6� x*) ³ ��hÜI�® j 7 x� I x/)¥³

g�4Z5 VWA2I�® )ñx i �O6 � 6 i x*) ° s >HA�BE>i^ 46TZT,;�8 > 8�4 >cB BED<0<>@NHAKA 4Z5 >@NHAKA�I[A�J<>H? T A p A T w L 5 I >@?<ABE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V p L T DFA 4 BfBHL p ACI�L:B �� j � 6cs �Q� j � j 4Z5 >@NHAKA 5<8 I[A h w s ® j L 5 I+h w s w j � � ACBE>�BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V �O6 � j8OQ >HNHA�A 5<8 I[A�hH® s w jf4 B�A p L T DMLC>HACI�L:B 9

� 6 � j � � hH® j � 5 6 � j 7 � 6 � " � x*)¥³g�4Z5 VWA � 6 � j ^ x/) ° s L T6T >@?<APJMLC>H?MBi>H?FN 8 D ; ?(>@? 4 B 5<8 I[A�LONHA�I[A�>HACVW>@ACI�B 46;�5 L T J�LO>H?�B�� ?<AA 5 >HN 4 ACB 465 >@?<AQªÕL ; LON@NcLK1�V 8 N@NHACB]J 8:5 I 4Z5<; > 8 >@?<ACBEAdB 46;:5 L T JMLO>@?MB$LCNHAdBEA�>$> 8 ®�� 4 A��Kot�h ¯2j �

°:°

Ket�h£° j � Ket�h£í j �-®��

=�B�>@?<A.>HACB]> ;:8 A�BU> 8 >[email protected]<>H? T A p A T w s[�98 I[A`h w s ® j¶465 >[email protected]<>H? T A p A T w 4 B § NvBE>Y>@ACBE>@ACI

L 5 I�>HA�BE>9BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V � j � 6,4 B.V 8 GPJFD<>HACI�L:B 9

� j � 6 � � h w j � 5 j � 6 7 �O6 � 6 �JI x*) àg�4Z5 VWA2I x/) ° i � j � 6 i ® )ñx s >HA�BE> ^ 46T6T V 8:5 > 4Z5 DFA�> 8�4 >cBiB]D<0<>HN@AKA 465 BE>vL ; A�à�L 5 I >@?<A�>HACB]>BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V � j � 6 ^ 46TZT 0©A 4Z5 J<D<>9> 8 4 >vB$Vc? 4ZT I 5<8 I[ACB�L:B �Q�qÝ � 6 L 5 I �Q�+Ý � j �$·91[J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B.>HACB]> 465F;465 >HNHA�A 5<8 I2A_h w s w jf4 BfJMAKN Q\8 NHGPACI 465 JMLCNcL TZT A T ^ 4 >@?P>HN@AKA 5F8 I[A h w s ® j 0[1�V 8 G�J<D<> 4Z5<; >H?<A�>HACB]>

BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 V`L:B 9

� j � j � � h w j � 5 j � j 7 �O6 � 6 �JId® ) ®3 ACVKLCDMBEA � j � j i I x*) ° s >H?<ArBED<0<>@NHAKAdB]>cLON@> 4Z5<;�Q N 8 G 5<8 I[A h w s w jf4 B.I 4 BHVKLCNcI[ACIÕ� � LO>@? w s JMLC>H?à 4Z5 >@AKNcB]ACVW> 465<; ^ 4 >H? >H? 4 BS>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A`LCNHA�A T64 G 465 LC>HACIu� � ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A s ^,A�?�L p A.G�L:I[A�L�I[A�V 4 B 468:5

>H?�LO>9>H?<ACB]A�>]^ 8 B 46;�5 L T JMLO>@?MB�LCNHA 5F8 >9J<NHACB]A 5 > 465 >H?<A 465 JFD<>9B 4Z;:5 L T � � ?<AdA T A�GPA 5 >cB 8OQ ª©L ;LON@NcLK1?Ket � w�� S:Ket � à � LCNHAdBEAK>.> 8 x �

� A�BE>`V 8�5 > 465 D<ACB.> 8 BE>vL ; A à[� � N@AKA 5<8 I2A+h¡à s w j.4 B § NcB]>�>HACB]>HACI+0MACV�LODMB]Ai>HNHA�A 5<8 I[A�h£à s ® j

?ML�B�0MAKA 5 J<N@D 5 ACIÕ� � ACB]>�B]>cLC> 4 B]> 4 V p L T D<A 8OQ >HN@AKA 5<8 I[A h£à s w j,4 B.V 8 GPJFD<>HACI�L:B 9

��Ý � j � � h£à j � 5zÝ � j 7 � j � 6 � x*) àg�4Z5 VWA x i ��Ý � j i ® ) ° s >HA�BE>,^ 4ZT6T V 8:5 > 4Z5 D<A9> 8 >@NHAKArI[AKJ<>@? T A p A TM¯ L 5 I�>@?<A`B]>cLO> 4 B]> 4 V p L T D<A 4 BBHL p ACI 465 >@NHAKA 5<8 I[ACB 465�T A p A TF¯ � 3 ACVKLCDMBEA�>HNHA�A 5<8 I[A h ¯Fs ¯2jY4 Bf>H?<A 8:5<T 1�V�? 46T I 8OQ�5F8 I[A h£à s w jvs

4 > 4 B,>HACB]>HACI § NvBE>9L 5 I�>@?<A`>HACB]>9BE>cLC> 4 BE> 4 V p L T D<A � y � y 4 B.V 8 G�J<D<>HA�IPL:B 9� y � y � � h ¯2j � 5 y � y 7 ��Ý � j � x*)ñw°:í

g�4Z5 VWAP>@? 4 B 5<8 I2A 4 B 4Z5 >H?<A�>HN@D 5 VKLC> 4Z8:5 BE>vL ; A ¯<s L+?�LONcIÁI[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5�5 A�ACI<B�> 8 0MA�G�L:I[A�L:B

> 8 ^.?FAK>H?<A�Ni>H?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@? 4 B«J<N@ACBEA 5 > 8 N 5F8 >K� 3 A�VKLODMB]A � y � y i ® ) à so� = q`R)§M5<; AKN�®4 B 5<8 >dI[AK>HA�VW>HACIÕ�_n 5 > 46T�5<8 ^ s >H?FA_>@ACBE>�^ 4 >H? 4Z5 L T6T >@?<A 5<8 I[ACB 465 >H?<A §M5 L T >@ACBE>dB]>cL ; A_?�L:B

0MAKA 5 V 8 GPJ T AK>@ACIu� e D T > 4 BE>vL ; A`?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B.>HACB]>.>HAKN@G 465 LO> 4Z8:5P4 B$I2ACV T LCNHACIÕ�f=�B$LiG D T > 4 JMLC>H?

I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 NHACB]D T > s >H?<AdI[AK>@ACVW>@ACI � = q`R §M5<; AKNcB.LCNHA 9

JMLO>@? ¯�9 " ® s �v® s �v® s ® $JMLO>@?�° 9 " ® s �v® s ® s �v® $JMLO>@?�í 9 " ® s ® s �c® s �v® $� ?<AiI2AK>HACV">HACI � = q`R §M5<; AKNcB.J<N 8Op24 I2A«G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�I[A T LK1 4Z5[Q\8 N@G�LO> 468�5�4Z5�� = q`R V 8 G_�

0 4Z5<465<; BE>cL ; A�� ?FA §M5 L T >@ACBE>oBE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKB¦V 8 N@NHACB]J 8�5 I<Bf> 8 G�LO>vV�?FACI §MT >@AKN 8 DF>HJ<D<>oLCGPJ T64 >HDMI2A��

��A9V 8 D T I�A��[>@NcL:V">fL`BED<0<>@NHAKA Q N 8 G}>@?<A$?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 BY>@NHAKA9V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 L T6T >H?FA9I[AK>HA�VW>HACI

JMLC>H?MB9L 5 I Q\8 N@G L�G�LO>cVc?<ACI §MT >HAKN.>@NHAKA s28:5 ^.? 4 Vc?P>H?FA�IFLO>cL I[AKG 8 I[D T LC> 4Z8:5�4 B,0ML�BEACIÕ�

K=�nÞ ºÏ¼½¶C¢´ ¡@Ë,£Wß;ÌÐ¦½¢O£¥¡<§ ²È¡�°�³´¡@ËH¼ ³(°O¡<¶�¶qÓC³´¡�°8°O¼½¿¥¦�¢8£¥¡<§� 5 L T LCN ; A`V 8 I[A`>HN@AKA Q\8 D 5 I 465 JFNcL:V"> 4 V�L T X 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKG�B s L T LON ; A 5 D<G_0MAKN 8CQ V 8 I2A�JMLO>@?MB

BE?�LONHA�I�>H?<AoBHLCGPA 5<8 I[A 4Z5 ACLCN T 1rBE>cL ; ACB"� � ?<A § NcBE> Q AK^�B@LOGPJ T ACB 8CQ J<NcL�VW> 4 VKL TF�f� V 8 I[ACB�?�L p A

? 4Z; ?dVWN 8 BHB£�]V 8 NHN@A T LC> 468�5 ^.? 4 V�?�NHACB]D T >vB 465 L T LCN ; A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8OQ JMLC>H?MB�I[AK>@ACVW>HA�I�L 5 I`A T64 G 465 LO>HA�I

B 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 DMB T 1�LC>YL 5 ACLCN T 1rBE>cL ; A��¦=�B�L 5 D 5 I[ACB 4 NcLC0 T AfN@ACBED T > sC4 >�VKLCDMBEA�B�? 4Z; ?<A�N�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1

8OQ¦Q L T B]AdL T LCNHG 8 N$G 4 BHB]ACIPI[A�>HACVW> 468�5 �Y=�B 4 B$I2AKG 8:5 BE>HNvLO>@ACI 465 >@?<AdLO0 8Cp A�AK�FLOGPJ T A s L T6T >@?<A

JMLC>H?MBYJML�BHB 4Z5<; >@?<N 8 D ; ? N 4Z; ?2> 5<8 I[A 465 >HN@AKA9I[AKJF>H? T A p A T ®9LONHA�I[AK>@ACVW>@ACI«^.? 4ZT A9L T6T >@?<A.JMLO>@?MB

° ³

;:8�465<; >H?<N 8 D ; ?�>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A�h w s w j$4Z5 >@NHAKA I2AKJ<>H? T A p A T w LONHA A TZ4 G 4Z5 LO>@ACIu� 7 D<A > 8 >@?<A_>@NHAKA

BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@A s >H?<N@AKAiJMLO>@?MB�LCNHAiA TZ4 G 4Z5 LO>@ACI+L 5 I�>E^ 8 JMLO>@?MB`LONHA�I[AK>@ACVW>@ACI�B 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 D�B T 1�LC>

BE>vL ; ACBP®PL 5 I w NHA�BEJMACVW> 46p A T 1 s ^.? 4 Vc?�^ 4ZT6Tf465 VWNHACL�BEA >H?<A�J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8CQ G 4 B@BEACI�I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5

L 5 I Q L T BEAdL T LON@G��

� ? 4 B9J<N 8 0 T AKG 4 B.G 8 N@A 8 0 p2468 DMB 465 L J<NcL�VW> 4 VKL T ^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =µBE1FBE>HA�G�^.?<AKN@A�>@?<A

5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ DMBEA�NcB9L 5 I�NHACB 8:T6p LC0 T A`JMLC>H?MB�LCNHA T LCN ; A��,¬ 8 N 4ZT6T D�BE>HNvLO> 468:5¶s[465 L BE1FBE>@AKG'^ 4 >@?�® x

DMB]AKNcBYL 5 IiBEJFNHACL�I 465<;.Q L:V"> 8 N w °:í2� � ?<[email protected]@A9L�> 8 >vL T<8CQ w °:í x JMLO>@?MBW�f� 5 BE>cL ; A`® s ® w ð x JMLO>@?MB

BE?�LONHA`>@?<A`BHLCGPA�>@NHAKA 5F8 I[A s L 5 I 4Z5 BE>vL ; A w s í ¯ x JMLO>@?MB$B]?MLON@A ¯i5<8 I[ACB.LC>.>HNHA�A`I[AKJ<>@? T A p A T

w � �m8 L TZT A p24 LC>HAf>H?<A�LO0 8Cp A.J<N 8 0 T AKG s ^,A.G 8 I 4 Q 1`>H?<A.>@ACBE>Y> 8 0©A9L`I[A�V 4 B 468:5 I2A T LK1�ACI p AKNcB 468:5

8OQ L�G D T > 4 B]>cL ; A$?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B.>HA�BE>K� � ? 4 B 4 B.L:Vc? 4 A p ACI_021PB]AK>H> 465<; >H?FA«DFJ<JMAKN�L 5 I TZ8 ^,AKNo>HACB]>

>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I<B�> 8 7�à L 5 I�I�à s NHACB]J©A�VW> 4Zp A T 1 sMQ\8 Ni>H?FA § BE>�L Q AK^ªBE>vL ; ACBW� � ?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQBE>vL ; ACB�>H?MLC>iG_D T > 4 BE>vL ; Ai?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B�>@ACBE> 4 BdI[A T LK1�ACI 4 BdL 5�4 G�J 8 NH>vL 5 >«J�LONcLCGPAK>@AKN 465 >@?<A

>HA�BE>9I[ACB 46;�5 JFN 8 VWACI2D<NHA�L 5 I�^ 46T6T ?ML p A 4 G�JML:VW> 8:5 >H?FA�B]1<B]>HAKG J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA��

K=�Pá MT¼�°8²È¡�°�¯ ¦�§,Ì-¼ ÕÄ§H¦«¿¥±=¶�£�¶3 A Q\8 NHA.^,A�I[A §�5 A.JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA.GPACL�BED<N@ACB s ^,A § NvBE>,JFNHACB]A 5 >¦>E^ 8 >E12JMACB 8CQ¦� = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKNvB

L:B@BED<G 465<; >@?<A �25<8 ^ T ACI ; A 8OQ Vc?ML 5<5 A T�4 GPJ<D T BEA�NHACB]J 8�5 BEA`h]Xo� �rj � � NvL:VW> 4 VKL T2� = q«R NHACV"A 46p AKNvB

NHA�abD 4 N 4Z5<; Vc?ML 5F5 A T A�BE> 4 G�LO> 468�5 0ML:B]ACI 8:5 >H?<A`NHA�VWA 46p A�I_I<LC>cLiB@LOGPJ T ACBS^ 4ZT6T 0©AdI 4 BHVWD�BHBEA�I 4Z5

g ACV"> 468�5 °[� ¯ �6®��

� 5 ¬<D TZT � g ACLONvV�?2� e�� X � = q`R'� ACVWA 4Zp AKN sfQ D T6T B]ACLONvV�? 4 B DMBEACI�> 8 L:VKa�D 4 NHA�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?

V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cB�B 8 >H?MLC>fL TZT >H?<A.G D T > 4 JMLC>H?`V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB�^ 4ZT6T 0MA9I[AK>@ACVW>@ACI`L 5 I�>@?<A,J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1

°:ð

8OQ G 4 B@BEACIPI2AK>HACV"> 468�5P8OQ ACL:Vc?�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PV 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB 4 B õ AKN 8 �f¬<D<N@>H?<AKN@G 8 N@A s >H?<A`N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

NHA�abD 4 NHACB�>@?<A �25<8 ^ T A�I ; A 8OQ Vc?ML 5F5 A T B 8 >@?MLO>�L TZT >@?<A+G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vB_V 8 D T I 0MA

8 JF> 4 G�L T6T 1 V 8 G 0 4Z5 ACIi0[1PG�LO� 4 G�L T NcLC> 468 V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F; h e�� X j �

� 5�e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKN s >HN@AKAdBE>@NHDMVW>@D<NHA�I e · �)4 B.DMB]ACI�> 8 L:VKa�D 4 NHA�>@?<A�G D T �

> 4 JMLO>@?�I[A T LK1<B.L 5 I+DMB]ACB�G�LO� 4 G�L T NvLO> 468 V 8 G 0 465F465<; h e�� X j > 8 V 8 G 0 465 A`L TZT >H?<A�I[AK>HA�VW>HACI

G D T > 4 JMLC>H? V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cBoL Q >@AKN 4Z5[Q\8 N@G�LO> 468:5 I[ACB]J<NHA�L:I 4Z5<; � 3 ACVKLCDMBEA 8OQ >H?<A�>H?<N@ACBE? 8�T I 4Z5<;�4Z5

e · ��s BE>@N 8:5F; G D T > 4 JMLC>H?dV 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cBYLC0 8Op A.>@?<A9D<J<JMAKNY>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I�^ 4ZT6T 0MA�I[A�>HACVW>@ACI«^.? 46T A

^,A�L � G D T > 4 JMLC>H? V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cBY0MA TZ8 ^�>@?<A T68 ^,AKNf>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I_^ 46TZT 0MA�A TZ4 G 4Z5 LO>@ACIu� � ?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s

B 8 GPA G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�A 5 AKN ; 1�^ 46T6T 0MA T68 BE>K� � ?<A�J©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWA 8CQ >H?<A�J<N 8 J 8 BEACI e · � � e�� X

� = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKN 4 BPa�DML 5 > 4 § ACI�021�BE>@ACL:I21b��BE>vLO>HA�V 8 GPJ<DF>cLO> 468�5 L T V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�L 5 I�B 4Z;:5 L T

V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;«TZ8 B@BW�

HQÚLâ-ÚÜÛ Ý�ì�àÊâOãEã/ä�é/ì â�ì�à(ç;è-îRÞ�ý-ì â�ì�äûè$ågâOõ?ç;è$îïÞQõûà+ågäðì|ãÔÝ-â+�gä¹ågæ�ég >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1iB@L p[4Z5<; B sFæ 6"s<4 B,G�ACL:B]D<NHACI 465 >HAKN@G�B 8CQ >H?FA 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ G D T > 4 J TZ4 �VKLC> 468�5 BiL 5 I L�I 468�5 BPh e = 7 B j�8OQ >H?<A�¬<D TZT � g ACLCNcVc?[� e�� X � = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN s�5 +Fç � &�è l sV 8 GPJMLON@ACI_> 8 >@?MLO> 8CQ >H?<A e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�N s 5 & �é � &�è l s L 5 I 4 B ;�46p A 5 021 9æÈ6 �-®-I 5 & �é � &�è l5 +1ç � &�è l h ¯ � w�x j

� 5 >H?<A�L:VKa�D 4 B 4 > 468:5 J<N 8 VWA�I[D<NHA s LO>iG 8 BE>�V�? 4 J*I[A T LK1FB s >H?<AKN@A�LON@A 5<8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 G_�

J 8:5 A 5 >vB�J<N@ACBEA 5 > 465 >H?FA+D<J TZ465<� V�?ML 5<5 A T � � ?FAKNHA Q\8 NHA s >H?<A�BE>@ACL:I21b��BE>vLO>HA�V 8 GPJ<DF>cLO> 468�5 L T

V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8CQde · � � e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNiV�L 5 0MA T68 ^,AKNi0 8 D 5 I[ACI(021�>@?<A�VKL�BEA�>H?MLC>

° ²

5<8�4 BEA"� 8�5<T 1 4 B,J<NHA�BEA 5 >9LO>9>H?<A`N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 465 J<D<>K�

5 & �é � &�è l � _'`� d�� 6 � " hef¹S x j ê hof j h ¯ � w ® j

^.?<AKN@A � " hof¹S x j�4 B�>@?<A+J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1�>@?MLO>P>@?<A+>@NHD 5 VKLO>@ACI(B]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T >HACB]>_N@ACL:Vc?<ACBiB]>cL ; A2fL:B@BED<G 465<;�5<8 B 4Z;:5 L T J<NHACB]A 5 > s L 5 I 4 B 5 D<GPAKN 4 VKL T6T 1+V�L T V"D T LC>HACI 465 h¡à[�Z® ² j L 5 I ê hof j�4 B«>@?<A5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ >@NHAKA 5<8 I2ACB�LC>`BE>vL ; A f9L:B`V 8:5 BE>HN@DMVW>@ACI 465�g A�VW> 4Z8:5�¯ �á°[� w � � ?<A ; A 5 AKNcL T64Zõ LO> 468:58OQ >H?<AdV 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >£1iB@L p2465F; L 5 L T 1 8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V�?ML 5<5 A T B,^ 46TZT 0MA ;:46p A 5�4Z5�g ACVW> 468:5 °[� w �

��8 VKL T VWD T LC>HAd>H?<A�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 8OQ >@?<Ai¬<D TZT � g ACLONvV�?2� e�� X � = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN s ^,A 5 A�ACI�> 8

V 8�5 B 4 I[AKN,>@?<A`V 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 468:5 NHACa�D 4 N@ACI Q\8 N.>HA�BE> 4Z5<; A�L:Vc?�BE? 4 Q > 8CQ ACL:Vc? �f� V 8 I[A`^ 4 >H? T A 5<; >@?½ª0[1 Q D T6T V 8 I2APG�LO>vV�?FACI §MT >HAKN 465<;Fs ^.? 4 Vc? 4Z5 >@N 8 I[D�VWACBw½ªG_D T > 4 J T64 VWLC> 468�5 B9L 5 I�L�I 4Z5 >@AKN p L T¡s NHA�BED T > 465F;�465 �D�O�!�.J 8 BHB 4 0 T A �f� V 8 I[A`B]? 4¥Q >vBW� � ?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s>H?FA 8Cp AKNvL TZT V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ ¬<D T6T � g A�LONcVc?[� e�� X � = q«R NHACV"A 46p AKNoVKL 5 0©A�VKL T VWD T LO>HA�I_0[1 9

5 +Fç � & �é ��´�]�!�8��½ h ¯ � w�w j

^.?<AKN@Ag½ 4 B�>@?<A�J<N 8 V"ACBHB 465<;�; L 465(8CQ >@?<A�BE? 8 NH>]�]V 8 I2A 7«g �@X 7�e =æBE1FBE>HA�GëL 5 I � 4 B�>@?<A5 D<G_0MAKN 8CQ L:VW> 46p A�D�BEAKNvB 465 >H?<AdB]1<B]>HAKG s � � 4 B,>H?<A`G D<> TZ4 JMLC>H?�B]J<NHACL�Iu�

HQÚLâ-ÚeÙ Ý-äûæ$å$â8õHç;è$î��Qä¹ågä¹ågæÒë�è�é é� ?<A�B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;.TZ8 BHB s!Ë & �é � &�è l s:4 BmGPACL�BED<N@ACI�0[1`>H?FA.NHACVWA 46p ACI�B 46;�5 L T �£> 8 � 5<8:4 BEA.NcLK�> 4Z8 L Q >HAKNoG�LO� 4 G�L T NvLO> 468:5 V 8 G 0 465F465<; h e�� X j�8CQfe · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN s V 8 GPJMLCNHACI

> 8 >H?�LO> 8OQ >H?<Ad¬<D T6T � g ACLONvV�?[� e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNK�

Ë & Gé � &�è l ��EOF=GÐ+Fç � &�è l I÷EOFHG-& �é � &�è l h ¯ � w à j

í x

^.?<AKN@A]EOF=GÐ+Fç � &�è l 4 Bu>@?<A.B 46;�5 L T �£> 8 � 5<8:4 BEA.NcLC> 4Z8 h gb��rj LO>�>H?FA 8 DF>HJ<D<> 8OQ >H?<A�¬�D T6T � g ACLCNcVc?[�e�� X � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN�L Q >HAKN¦L p AKNcL ;:4Z5<;�8Cp AKN�L TZT >H?FA.L:V"> 46p AfDMB]AKNcB 465 >H?FA.BE1FBE>@AKG�� g 4 G 4ZT LON T 1 s

EOF=G-& �é � &�è l 4 B gb�� LC>«>@?<A 8 DF>HJ<D<> 8CQ >@?<A e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN�L Q >@AKNdL p A�NE�L ;�465<; �

E8FHG-+Fç � &�è l � A ;d�� 6 EOFHG-+Fç � &�è l � d� h ¯ � w ¯[j

EOF=GÐ& Gé � &�è l � A ;d�� 6 EOFHG & �é � &�è l � d� h ¯ � w ° j

� 5 ¬�D T6T � g ACLCNcVc?[� e�� X � = q«R NHA�VWA 46p A�N s >H?<A9V 8 G_0 465 ACI g2�� 4 BY>@?<A9BED<G�G�LO> 468:5d8OQ�g2��

8OQ L T6T G D T > 4 JMLC>H?iV 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vBfL 5 I 5F8 B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;�TZ8 B@B 8 VKVWDFNcBW� � ? 4 B 4 BY>H?FA 8 J<> 4 G�L T

� = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN�>@?MLO>d>H?<A 8 >H?<A�N�>]1[JMACB 8OQ NHACV"A 46p AKNvB�I[ACB@VWN 4 0MACI 465 >H?<A NHAKG�L 465 I[AKN 8OQ >@?<A

>H?FACB 4 B$^ 46TZT 0MAPV 8 GPJMLCNHACI�L ; L 465 B]>K� � ?<A B 4Z;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5<8�4 BEA�h g2��j L Q >HAKN � = q`R V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;

8OQ DMBEAKNgf 4Z5 ¬<D TZT � g ACLCNcVc?[� e�� X � = q«R NHACV"A 46p AKN 4 B,A p L T D�LO>HA�I�021

EOF=G +Fç � &�è l � dÊ� ��q¿� 6 EOF=G-dsq h ¯ � w í j

^.?<AKN@A�E8FHG dsq 4 B,>H?<A g2��8OQ JMLO>@?�� 8CQ DMB]AKNgfH�

� 5 >H?FA e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACVWA 46p AKN s >H?FAiV 8 G_0 4Z5 ACI gb��4 B.>H?<A�BED<GPG�LO> 4Z8:5�8OQ ACL�V�?

G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >�^oA 46; ?[>@ACIî021�>H?FAPV 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I 465<; JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 >]1 8CQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 � � ?<A

B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;�T68 BHBoBE>HA�G�B Q N 8 G±G 4 BHB]ACIiI[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 8OQ G D T > 4 J�LO>H? V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >vBW�¦=�BHB]D<G_�

465F; V�?ML 5<5 A Tm�25<8 ^ T A�I ; A s >H?<A g2�� L Q >@AKN � = q«R V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;`8CQ DMBEA�Ngf 4 B ;:4Zp A 5 021

EOF=GÐ& Gé � &�è l � d � ��qL� 6 EOF=G dsq �] B� � ì h ¯ � w�³ j

^.?<AKN@A< � � ì 4 B�>@?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5�8OQ JMLO>@?�� 8OQ DMB]AKNgfH� � ?FA�JMLC>H?MB$?�L p A �25<8 ^ 5g2�� L 5 I� B� � ì L 5 I 4 > 4 BiVKL T VWD T LO>@ACI�021�L 5 L T 1FB 4 B 8OQ >@NHD 5 VKLO>@ACI�BEACa�D<A 5 > 4 L T I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5�4Z5

í[®

g ACV"> 468�5 à[�ñ° p24 LPh¡à[� wb³ j � 3 1 465 B]AKNH> 465<; h ¯ � wb³ j,4Z5 > 8 h ¯ � w ° jcs 1 4 A T I 4Z5<;<s

EOFHG & �é � &�è l � A ;d�� 6 A �q¿� 6 E8FHG dsq �] B� � ì� h ¯ � w ð j

� 5 L�I 468�5 > 8 B 46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;`T68 B@B Q N 8 G'G 4 B@BEACI I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5¶sbQ L T BEA`L T LCNHG'JMLC>H?MB,^ 4ZT6T

LOJFJ©A�LON90©A�VKLODMB]A 8OQ >H?<A`L�I 46p A�^.? 4 >@A Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5+5<8�4 B]A_h¡=�� Ã��«jvs G_D T > 4 J T A�L:VKVWA�BHB 465 >HA�NE�

Q AKN@A 5 VWAih e =�� j L 5 I 465 >HAKN@JMLO>@? 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA�h¡� � � j � � ? 4 B9VWNHA�LO>HA�B.L:I 4Z8:5 L T V 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 468:5

L 5 I T68 ^oAKNcB g2��

K=�ní ?¡�²L¢CÎ´¦4°O¼ î?VUX;¼Q°�£�¯ ¼½§a¢O¶HQÚ ïgÚÜÛ �ågÞhàôßáäAîïà�åOì âOõ,Ý-àCì�ýgÞ� 5�8 D<N B 8OQ >]^.LCNHA+A��[JMAKN 4 GPA 5 > s ^oA�V 8 G�JMLON@AP>H?<A�J<N 8 J 8 B]ACI e · � � e�� X � = q«R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

^ 4 >@?�>H?<A 8 J<> 4 G�L T ¬<D T6T � g A�LONcVc?[� e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 465 B 465<;�T AW�¡JMLO>@?�V�?ML 5<5 A T BS021 e+8:5 >HA

XoLON T68 B 4 G D T LC> 4Z8:5 � � ?FA�^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I+^ 4 NHA T [email protected]�?ML 5<5 A T G 8 I[A Tm4 B 8 0<>vL 465 ACI+0[1 § A T I�I<LO>vL 8OQ

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e ='GPACL�BED<N@AKGPA 5 >dB]1<B]>HAKG 465 ®:� ² Ã · õ NvL:I 4Z8+Q NHACa�D<A 5 V"1�0ML 5 I � wÿ� � � ?<AB 4 G_D T LO>@ACIPJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 4 B p AKN 4¥§ ACI�0[1�>H?<Ai>@?<A 8 NHAK> 4 VKL T L 5 L T 1@?<N 8 D ; ? 5 D<GPA�N 4 V�L T V�L T �

VWD T LO> 468:5 BW�

� 5i8 D<NfB 4 G D T LC>HACI�BE1FBE>HA�G s ® x L:V"> 46p AoDMBEA�NcBYLCNHA.>HNvL 5 B]G 4 >@> 4Z5<; I<LO>vL 8 N p�8�4 VWA 465 >@?<A.B@LOGPA

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�V�?ML 5<5 A TF465 >H?<A�DFJ T64Z5<� � R L:Vc?PDMB]AKN l BY0 4 >oBE>@NHACLCG 4 BfBEJFNHACL�I_0[1 L`D 5<4 abD<A

�f� BEACa�D<A 5 VWA s ^.? 4 V�? 4 B 8:5 A 8OQ >H?<A 8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L T�Ã98�T I�V 8 I[ACB�^ 4 >@?�L�BEJ<N@ACL:I 4Z5<;�Q L�VW> 8 N 8OQ

w °�í[� � ?<A.>@ACBE>@ACI Ã98:T IiBEACa�D<A 5 V"ACB 8CQÕT A 5<; >H? w °:°`LON@A9V 8:5 B]>HN@DMVW>HA�I Q N 8 G}>@?<A.J<NHA Q AKNHN@ACI«JML 4 NvB

8OQ G_�]B]ACa�D<A 5 VWA ; A 5 AKNcLC>HACIP021P>H?FA ; A 5 AKNvLO> 465<; J 8:T 1 5F8 G 4 L Tu;�46p A 5�465�� LC0 T A ¯ � ¯ �

í w

� 5�� LO0 T A ¯ � ¯iQ\8 N9AK�FLOGPJ T A s " ®NS w Svà*Scð $ NHAKJFNHACB]A 5 >vB.L ; A 5 AKNvLO> 465<; J 8:T 1 5<8 G 4 L T ®Î7Âj 6 7j j 7<j Ý 7�j¦ð s ^.? 4 V�? ; A 5 AKNvLO>@ACB�>H?<A B]ACabDFA 5 VWAd0[1�L:IH?<A 465 J<D<>�0 4 >cB$> 8 >H?<A 8 D<>HJ<DF>cB8OQ >H?<A § NvBE> s BEA�V 8:5 I s >@? 4 NvI L 5 I A 46; ?2>H?ÁB]? 4¥Q >iN@A ;:4 BE>HA�NcB 465 L�G 8 I[D TZ8 � w G 8 I[A�� 4 B�>@?<AT A 5<; >@? 8CQ >H?FA TZ465 ACLCN Q AKACI20ML:V � B]? 4¥Q >`NHA ;:4 B]>HAKNvBihEÂÕ¬ g2��j �m��APL�BHB]D<GPAi>H?�LO>�JMAKN Q ACVW>�J 8 ^,A�N

V 8�5 >@N 8:T�8OQ I 8 G 4Z5 L 5 >.JMLC>H? 4 B9L:Vc? 4 A p ACIP> 8 8O¤ BEA�>�>H?<A 5 ACLCNE� Q LON�A ¤ ACV">�B 8 >@?MLO> gb��8OQ >@?<A

I 8 G 465 L 5 >oJMLO>@? 8CQ L TZT DMBEAKNvB.LON@A 4Z5 >H?<AdBHLCGPA T A p A T ��¬ 8 N.>H?FAiB 4 GPJ TZ4 V 4 >]1iL 5 I�^ 4 >H? 8 D<> TZ8 B@B

8OQr; A 5 A�NcL TZ4 >]1 s ^,A�DMBEA�>H?<A�BHLOG�A�G D T > 4 J�LO>H? 465 >HA 5 B 4 >]1�J<N 8C§MT A*h e � �,j�Q\8 N�L T6T >H?FA+DMB]AKNcB"�

e D T > 4 B]>cL ; A9?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 BU>@ACBE> 465<; I[A�V 4 B 468:5 BSLCNHA�I[A T L�1�A�I�> 8 ² byx B]>cL ; A`B 8 >H?MLC>,>@?<A$G�LO� 4 GiD<G5 D<G_0MAKN 8OQ JMLC>H?MB_> 8 0MA�I[AK>HA�VW>HACI 8 NPA T64 G 465 LO>HA�I�B 4 G D T >vL 5 A 8 DMB T 1 4 B T ACBHBi>H?�L 5 ® x h g AKA

g ACV"> 468�5�¯ �ñí j �

� 5 >@? 4 BmVc?MLCJ<>HAKN s B 4Z5<;:T AYJMLO>@?�J<N 8 JML ; LC> 468�5�4 BmV 8:5 B 4 I[A�NHACI�V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8�5 I 465F; > 8$5 LCNHN 8 ^.0�L 5 I

X 7�e =�B]1<B]>HAKG�B¦BEDMVc? L:Bf� g � ² ° s ^.? 4 Vc? L:B@BED<G�ACB�>H?�LO>fG_D T > 4 J T AUL:VKVWA�BHB 465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWA9h e =�� j

4 B9NHAKG 8Cp ACIP021+DMB 465<;�8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L T��f� V 8 I[ACB"� � ?<AKN@A Q\8 N@Ai>H?<A�V�?�L 5<5 A T�Q\8 N«A�L:Vc?�DMBEAKNrL 5 I

ACL�V�?�JMLO>@? 4 B9=�� Ã�� ?<A�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 8CQ B 4Z5<;:T A�JMLC>H?�V�L:BEA�BEAKN p ACB9L:B9L 5 AK�2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL T

p AKN 4¥§ VKLC> 4Z8:5�8CQ >@?<APJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�L 5 L T 1H?<A�J<NHA p2468 DMBiBEA�VW> 4Z8:5 � � ? 4 BiL 5 L T 1FB 4 B�^ 4ZT6T

L T B 8 0MA�LCJ<J TZ4 ACIP> 8 LiB 4 G_D T LO>@ACIiG_D T > 4 JMLO>@?PA 52p[4 N 8:5 GPA 5 > 465 Xf?MLCJ<>HAKN�°[�

HQÚ ïgÚeÙ ��àÊþCàêä �màôßº�àêé äûæ$å í«ßáâ8ã�àÊèzñ�é�m8«4ZT6T DMBE>@NcLO>@A.>H?<A.>@NcL�I[A 8O¤ 0MAK>]^,A�A 5 V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�B@L p2465F; BfL 5 I�B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;9T68 BHB 465 >@?<A

NHA�VWA 46p A�NfI[ACB 46;:5 B s ^oA�I2ACB 4Z;:5 >H?<N@AKA9NHACVWA 46p AKNvB�0ML:B]ACI 8�5 I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 > 5<8 G 465 L T AKNHN 8 N,JFN 8 0�LO0 4ZT64 �

> 4 ACB 4Z5 >H?<A�G D T > 4 B]>cL ; A9?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B,>HACB]>K� �m8 L:BHB]ACBHB.>H?FA«G 4 BEG�LO>cVc?iJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�B 4Z5 VWA�>@?<A

í:à

L:V">HDML T J�LO>H?�BE>HN@A 5<; >H?MBoLONHA9D 5<�25<8 ^ 5ms B 4 �d>HACB]>cB 8OQ A�L:Vc?PB]AK>oLONHA�I[ACB 46;�5 ACIi> 8�8 J<> 4 G�L TZT 1dI[AW�

>HA�VW>�>@?<A.B]>HN 8:5<; ACBE>YJ�LO>H? LC>fB 4 �dI 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 > gb�� A 5[p24 N 8:5 G�A 5 >vB s ^.?<AKNHA gb�� NcL 5<; A�B Q N 8 G��v® x

I 3 > 8 ®K°�I 3�465 BE>@AKJ B 4Zõ A 8OQ °�I 3 ��¬ 8 N�ACL:Vc?�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN s >@?<A,G 4 � 4Z5<; V 8:5 B]>cL 5 >cB i 6 � i j � x/) °2�� ?<A 5<8:4 BEA�ª 8�8 N�} d�� q 4Z5_g A�VW> 4Z8:5�¯ � ¯ � w 4 B p LON 4 ACI`> 8 L�V�? 4 A p AY>@?<A g2�� Bfh¹I�® x S�I�°*S x Sc°*S�® x S�®K° jI 3

� ?<A TZ8 ôACBE>oV 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�NHACV"A 46p AKNoh�ò�® j¦4 BoI[ACB 4Z;:5 A�I�> 8 L:Vc? 4 A p A.>H?<A ;:8 L Tm8CQ >H?<A9? 46; ?<ACB]>V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1�BHL p[4Z5<;gæ 021�I[ACB 46;�5<465<; >@?<NHACB]? 8:T I<B«^ 4 >H?�>@?<A ? 46; ?<ACBE>`J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8OQ G 4 BHB]ACII[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 LCG 8:5<; >H?<ACB]A�>@?<NHAKA`N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.I[A�B 46;�5 BW� � A Q AKNHN 465<; > 8+g ACVW> 468�5 à[� ¯<sÕe · � I[A�B 46;�5

JMLCNcLOG�AK>HAKNg 1&ª?ML�B.L p L T D<A 8CQ x � x ®`V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 LiJ<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ I[A�>HACVW> 468�5P8OQ x � ²:²L 5 I÷ 1+�?ML�B�L p L T D<A 8OQ x � x:x:x ®�V 8 N@NHACB]J 8:5 I 4Z5<; > 8 L�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ NHA�¢HACVW> 4Z5<;P5<8�4 B]AW� 8�5<T 1V 8 GPJ 8:5 A 5 >cB 8CQ x � ²�²:²:² � � ?<AdI[ACB 46;�5 >@?<NHA�BE? 8�T I<B9LON@A�V�L T V"D T LC>HACIP021+h¡à[�6®�® jvs h¡à[�6® w j �

=(G 8 I[AKNvLO>@A9V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1`L 5 I�JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A,NHA�VWA 46p A�N,hLò w jm4 BfI[ACB 46;�5 ACI�> 8 I[A�VWNHACL�BEA.>@?<AB 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;9T68 BHBfLO>f>H?FA.AK�[JMA 5 BEA 8OQm4Z5 VWN@ACL:B 465<; >@?<A.NHA�VWA 46p A�NYV 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1:� � ?FA9V�? 8�4 VWA

8OQ & � x*)ñx�x ®`^ 46TZT NHA�BED T > 465 L�J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8CQ I2AK>HACV"> 468�5P8OQ x � ²:²�² ^.? 4ZT A9G�L 4Z5 >vL 4Z5<465<; >@?<A + � x*)ñx�x:x ®:� � ?<AdI[A�B 46;�5 >@?<NHACB]? 8:T I<B.LON@A ;�46p A 5 021�h¡à[�6®�® jvs h£à2�6® w j �

� ?<A�? 46; ?<ACB]>iJ©A�N Q\8 N@G�L 5 VWAPNHA�VWA 46p A�N_hLòià j`4 BdI[ACB 4Z;:5 A�I > 8 L�V�? 4 A p A >H?<A T68 ^,ACB]> B 4Z;:5 L TV 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHBY0[1 I2N 8 JFJ 465<; I 8 ^ 5 >H?FA$>@?<NHACB]? 8:T Iu�f=�BfL«N@ACBED T > s G 8 NHA Q L T BEA�L T LON@G � = q`R

§M5<; AKNcB.LCNHAÌ2AK>HACV">HACIu� e · � I[ACB 46;�5 JMLONvLOGPA�>HAKN- '&±?ML�B.L p L T D<A 8OQ x � x:x�x ®dV 8 N@NHACB]J 8:5 I 4Z5<;> 8 L`J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5P8CQ x � ²�²:²�² ^.? 4ZT A�G�L 465 >cL 465<4Z5<; >@?<A4 '+0� x/)ñx:x�x ®�� Ã946p A 5 >@?<ALO0 8Cp A`JMLONvLOGPA�>HAKNvB s >@?<AdI[ACB 46;:5 >@?<NHACB]? 8:T I<B9LONHAÀ p L T DMLC>HACIP021�h£à2�6®:® jcs h£à2�6® w j �

í ¯

HQÚ ïgÚeù Ý-ä¹îDý$õúâ�ì�äûè$å â�ågãôóDýQîïàôßáäúþCâOõ=ç�âOõúþÊý$õúâ�ì�äûè$å� ?<A�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B 4 B 8 0<>vL 465 ACI+0 8 >H?*0[1 e+8:5 >HAPXoLON T68 B 4 G D T LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 I 5 DFGPAKN 4 VKL T

VKL T VWD T LO> 468:5 p24 L�h ¯ � w�x j � e+8�5 >@A�XoLON TZ8 B 4 G D T LC> 468�5�8CQ >H?<A�V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1 8OQ J<N 8 J 8 B]ACI_N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

V 8 D T Ii0MA 8 0<>vL 4Z5 ACIi0[1 V 8 D 5 > 465F; >@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ >HA�BE>HA�I�>@NHAKA 5<8 I[ACBf^.?<A 5P5F8 D�BEAKN�B 46;�5 L TM4 B

J<N@ACBEA 5 >�LO>�>@?<AiNHACV"A 46p AKN 465 JFD<>K�`� 5 >H? 4 B9VKL:B]A s >H?FAiNHACVWA 46p ACIPVc? 4 J[�£NvLO>@AiBHLCGPJ T ACI�0ML�BEAK0�L 5 I

I 4 BHVWN@AK>HA�> 4 GPA�B 4Z;:5 L T�4 B 9

� ho{ j � ^�ho{ j h ¯ � w�² j

^.?<AKN@A2{D� ®LS )�)�) S�½ L 5 I�^�he{ j 4 B >H?<A2{ byx ^.? 4 >HA ; DML:B@B 4 L 5�5<8�4 BEA�B@LOGPJ T A�LC>�>H?<A�Vc? 4 JG�LC>cVc?<ACI §MT >@AKN 8 D<>@J<D<>��

n�B 4Z5<; e+8:5 >HA`XoLON T68 B 4 G D T LC> 468�5 > 8i; A 5 AKNcLC>HA�>@?<A`D<J T64Z5<� VWA TZT A 5[p24 N 8:5 G�A 5 > s >H?FA`B 4Z;:5 L T

V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;,T68 BHB 4 B 8 0<>vL 4Z5 ACI�021ih ¯ � w à j ^.?<AKN@AoB 46;�5 L T LOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[ACBÕLONHA�L:B@BED<GPA�Ir> 8 0MA �25<8 ^ 5

LO>�>H?FA,NHA�VWA 46p A�NmL 5 I« B� �öõ ì 4 Bu>H?FA,AK�2JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >cL TZT 1 8 0<>cL 465 ACI`J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ I2AK>HACV"> 468�5`8OQ JMLC>H?� 8OQ DMB]AKN�fH�Q B� ��õ ì 4 B 8 0<>vL 4Z5 ACI+021+V 8 D 5 > 4Z5<; >@?<A�> 4 GPA�B,>H?MLC>$>@?<AQ� byx JMLO>@? 8OQ L TZT >@?<A�D�BEAKNvB4 B�I[AK>HA�VW>HACI 465 >H?<AiN@ACVWA 4Zp AKN.^.?<A 5 G e+8:5 >HAPXoLCN TZ8 >@N 4 L T B�LONHAiA��[ACV"D<>HACIÕ��¬ 8 N�DMBEAKNhf s ^ d�� qV 8 D 5 >vB�>H?<A > 4 GPACB,>H?�LO>�>@?<A�� byx JMLC>H? 4 B�I[AK>@ACVW>@ACIu�i·$A�NHAi^,A L�BHB]D<GPA >H?MLC>«JMAKN Q ACVW>�J 8 ^,A�NV 8�5 >@N 8:TF4 B�DMB]ACIi> 8`8O¤ BEA�>S>@?<A 5 ACLCNE� Q LONoJ<N 8 0 T AKG�� ?<A�LOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[Am[]d�� q 8OQ JMLO>@?4� 8CQ DMB]AKNOf 4 BBEA�>S> 8 o q s ^.?<A�NHA o qoI[A 5<8 >@ACBS>@?<A9LOGPJ T64 >@DMI[A 8CQ >H?FA�� byx J�LO>H?¶� ��8 V 8 D 5 >m^�d�� q s >H?FA�Vc? 4 J2�£NvLO>HABHLCGPJ T ACIPB 4Z;:5 L T LO>9>H?<A`N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4 B ; A 5 AKNcLC>HACI�L�B 9

� ho{ j � [ d�� q � 5 d�� q ho{ j 7�^�he{ j h ¯ �ñà x j

^.?<AKN@A 5 d�� q he{ jd4 B�>@?<A,{ byx Vc? 4 JÁBHLCGPJ T A 8OQd�f� V 8 I[A 8CQ � byx J�LO>H? 8OQ D�BEAKN f`L 5 IÂ^�he{ j�4 B

í:°

>H?FA�{ byx ^.? 4 >@A Ã DML�BHB 4 L 5*5<8:4 BEA�BHLOG�J T A�LO>�>@?<A�V�? 4 J�G�LO>vV�?FACI §MT >HAKN 8 D<>@J<D<>K� � ?<A G_D T > 4 �BE>vL ; A�?212J 8 >H?<A�B 4 B�>@ACBE> 4 B�I[A�B 46;�5 ACI�> 8 I2AK>HACV">«>@?<A�BE>@N 8:5F; ACB]>iJMLO>@? 8CQ A�L:Vc? D�BEAKN��î��?FA 5

>H?FA�^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 I)X 7�e =�B 46;�5 L T`4 B 465 J<DF>P> 8 >H?FA�J<N 8 J 8 BEACI�>HN@AKA�BE>@NHDMV">HD<N@ACI e · � � e�� X

� = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN s >@?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 4 BYGPACL�BED<N@ACIu� ��8 BEG 8�8 >H?P>@?<A$A ¤ A�VW> 8OQ¦�f�

V 8 I[A�V�? 8:4 V"A 8:5 B]1<B]>HAKG'JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A s B 46;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;dT68 B@B 4 B$V�L T V"D T LC>HACIP021�L p AKNcL ;:465F;

>H?FAiJ<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5�8Cp AKN`L TZT L�VW> 4Zp A�DMB]AKNcB 4Z5 >H?<A B]1<B]>HAKG�� ?<A AK�[JMAKN 4 GPA 5 >vL T6T 1

8 0F>cL 4Z5 ACI�J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5�8CQ JMLC>H? � 8OQ DMBEAKNgf 4 B ;:46p A 5 0[1 9

d�� q � ^ d�� qG h ¯ �ñà2® j

�m8 L:Vc? 4 A p A�L�V 8�5[§ I[A 5 VWA 465 >HA�N p L To8OQ9T A�BHB�>H?�L 5 ® x JMAKNvVWA 5 > 8Cp AKN�>@?<APNvL 5<; A 8CQ�5F8 G 4Z5 L T

J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 > 4 ACB 8OQ G 4 BHB]ACIPI[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 L�B T68 ^-L�B�® x � y s ^oA�DMB]AP® x s x�x:x �c® x:x s x:x�x e+8:5 >HAiXoLON T68>HN 4 L T B,> 8 8 0F>cL 4Z5 >H?<AdB 4 G_D T LO> 468�5 NHACB]D T >vB � ®�® � �

� 5«8 D<Nm>H?FA 8 N@AK> 4 VKL T L 5 L T 1FB 4 B s >H?<AoV 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1,B@L p[4Z5<; B 4 BÕVKL T VWD T LC>HACI 5 D<G�AKN 4 VKL TZT 1,>@?<N 8 D ; ?

h ¯ � w�x j ^.?<AKNHA � " hef¹S x jf4 B 8 0<>cL 465 A�I�>H?FN 8 D ; ?�h¡à[�Z® ² j 021�BEAK>@> 4Z5<; |4� x � � ?<AdB 46;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465 �465F;�TZ8 B@B 4 B 8 0<>cL 465 ACI�0[1�h ¯ � w à j ^.?<AKNHA >H?FA_J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z5<; JMLC>H?,� 8OQ DMB]AKNhf 4 BVKL T VWD T LO>@ACI�0[1�h£à2� wb³ jcs ^.?<AKNHAg| 4 BSB]AK>Y> 8 0MA9>H?<A�LOG�J T64 >HDMI[A 8OQ JMLO>@?4� 8CQ DMB]AKNmf s�4 � A s |4� o q �= 5 Ii>H?FA�D<J<JMAKNf>H?FNHACB]? 8:T I�[ d L 5 I T68 ^,AKNf>@?<NHACB]? 8:T I<B$M d LON@A�I2ACB 4Z;:5 ACI > 8�8 J<> 4 G�L TZT 1dI[AK>@ACVW>>H?FA`BE>@N 8:5F; ACB]>,JMLC>H?�^ 4 >@?�LOGPJ T64 >@DMI[A o 6 h 4 � A�� s | 6 � o 6cj � � D<GPAKN 4 VKL T[4Z5 >@A ; NvLO> 468:5�4 B,V�LONHN 4 ACI8 DF>$DMB 465<;Pg 4 GPJMB 8:5ml BSN@D T A`^ 4 >@? w:x ¯ ðPBHLCGPJ T ACB 8CQ L:VKV"D<NcL�VW1��

í:í

HQÚ ïgÚIH �ågÞhàôßáäAîïà�åOì âOõ��àÊé#ýgõeì é��kè8ß<óTè÷¼ ýgõeì äûÞQâ�ì#ü� 5 >@? 4 BPB]ACVW> 468:5¶s ^,A�J<NHACB]A 5 >_>@?<A e+8:5 >HA�XoLON TZ8 B 4 G_D T LO> 468�5 L 5 I 5 D<GPAKN 4 VKL T VKL T VWD T LO> 468:5

NHA�BED T >cB 8OQ >H?<A�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 8OQ JFN 8 J 8 BEACI e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN�L:B@BED<G 4Z5<; >H?MLC>

5<8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�AK� 4 BE>vBW� � ?<A�VKL�BEA 8OQ G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�^ 46T6T 0MA�I 4 B@VWDMB@BEACI 465 Xf?MLCJ<>HA�N�°[�µ¬ 8 N

NHA�VWA 46p A�N�I[ACB 4Z;:5 òP® s >H?<A9V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�B@L p2465F; B p B"� g2�� VWD<N p A 4 BYJ TZ8 >H>@ACI 465 ¬ 46; DFNHA ¯ � ¯ L 5 IB 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<;�TZ8 B@B p BW� g2�� V"D<N p A 4 B�J T68 >@>HACI 4Z5 ¬ 46; DFNHA ¯ �ñ°2�,¬<N 8 G'>H?FACBEA §M; D<N@ACB s ^oA

8 0�BEAKN p A�>H?�LO> 465 L T68 ^ g2�� A 5[p24 N 8:5 G�A 5 > s >@?<A�>@ACBE>�^ 4ZT6T 0MAiG 8 N@A TZ46� A T 1P> 8 BED<N p[4Zp A«> 8 L

T LC>HAKN9B]>cL ; Ai^.? 4 V�?�VKLCDMBEACB.? 4Z; ?�V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >£1 L 5 I+>@?<AKN@A Q\8 N@A�B]G�L TZT V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 BHL p[4Z5<; B9LON@A

L:Vc? 4 A p ACIu��·$AKNHA s >@?<A B 4Z;:5 L TY4 B�B]A p AKN@A T 1�I 4 BE> 8 N@>HACI�LO>�>@?<AiNHA�VWA 46p A�N 465 J<DF>�^.? 4 Vc?�V�LODMB]ACB`L

T LCN ; A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8CQ AK� 4 B]> 465F; J�LO>H?�Br> 8 0MA A T64 G 465 LC>HACI�L 5 I�>H?FAiJ<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8OQ I[A�>HACVW> 468�5�8OQ

JMLC>H?MB.LCNHA TZ8 ^oAKN 465 V 8 GPJMLCN 4 B 8:5 > 8 L�? 46; ? g2�� BHV"A 5 LON 468 �� 4 >@?�L 5�4Z5 VWNHA�L:BEA 8OQfgb��«s >@?<A

NHA�VWA 46p A�NS0MACV 8 GPACB,G 8 NHArV 8 GPJFD<>cLC> 468�5 L TZT 1 AÖ¨�V 4 A 5 >K�¦¬ 8 N 465 B]>cL 5 VWA s<465�g2�� °_I 3�s G 8 NHA>H?�L 5 ²�³:´ V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1iB@L p2465F; B 4 B.L:Vc? 4 A p ACI Q\8 N 8:5<T 1�®:�Z®�I 3 B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 4Z5<465<;`TZ8 BHB"�

� ?<APJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWAi>@NcL�I[AW� 8O¤ B Q\8 NdI 4 ¤ A�NHA 5 >`>HACB]>�I2ACB 4Z;:5 BdLONHA 4652p ACB]> 46; LO>@ACI 5 AK�2>K� � ?<A

A ¤ ACVW> 8CQ >@ACBE> I2ACB 4Z;:5 JMLONvLOGPA�>HAKNa 1& 8:5 V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�B@L p[4Z5<; BiV 8 D T I�0MA�BEAKA 5 Q N 8 G ¬ 46; �D<N@ACB ¯ � ¯Fsm¯ �ñí sm¯ �ñð2��?<A 5 >H?FA 5<8 G 4Z5 L T J<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1 8CQ G 4 BHBEA�I+I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 I2ACVWNHA�L:BEA�B s >@?<A

V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ >H?FA�N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 465 V"NHACL�BEACB"� g AK>@> 465F; BEG�L T6T A�N< '&ëA 5 B]D<NHACBi>H?�LO> G 8 N@APJMLO>@?MBLON@A�I[A�>HACVW>@ACIu� t95 >H?<A 8 >H?FAKN_?�L 5 I s >@?<A�V 8 N@NHACB]J 8�5 I 4Z5<; B 46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;+T68 BHB 4 BiL T B 8

NHA�I[DMVWACI L:BoBE? 8 ^ 5P4Z5 ¬ 4Z; D<N@ACB ¯ �ñ° s[¯ � ³ L 5 I ¯ � ² 0MACV�LODMB]A`L T LON ; AKNfJ<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5

8OQ ACL:Vc?+JMLC>H? 4 B.L:Vc? 4 A p A�Iu� � ?FAKNHA Q\8 NHA s >H?FAKNHA 4 B9Li>HNcL�I[A 8O¤ 0MAK>]^,AKA 5 N@ACVWA 4Zp AKNoV 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]1

L 5 I�B 46;�5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;`T68 BHB,JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�L:B 4ZT6T DMBE>@NcLO>@ACI Q N 8 G >H?<ACB]A�>H?FNHAKA�BEAK>vB 8OQ N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN

í ³

I[ACB 46;�5 BW�

í:ð

1

-1

-1

1

1

1

1

-1

1

1

1

-1

1

1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

(2,1)

(1,1)

(2,2)

(3,2)

(4,4)

(3,3)

(4,6)

(3,4)

(4,7)

(1,2)

(0,1)

(2,3)

(3,5)

(4,10)

(3,6)

(4,11)

(2,4)

(3,7)

(4,13)

Depth Level 1 Depth Level 2 Depth Level 3 Depth Level 4

RAKE

Finger 1

RAKE Finger 2

RAKE Finger 3

RAKEFinger 4

RAKEFinger 5

RAKE Finger 6

¬ 46; DFNHA ¯ �ñà 9 X 8:5 BE>HN@DMVW>@ACI+V 8 I2A«>@NHAKA �#"

í ²

� N@AKA �$8 I2A X 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I 465<;�� = q`R ¬ 4Z5<; AKN

�98 I[APh@® s ® j §M5<; A�N�® s[§M5<; A�N w s<§M5<; A�N9à

�98 I[APh w s ® j §M5<; A�N`®

�98 I[APh w s w j §M5<; A�N w s[§M5<; A�N9à

�98 I[APh¡à s w j §M5<; A�N`®

�98 I[APh¡à s à j §M5<; A�N w

�98 I[APh¡à s ¯2j §M5<; A�N9à

�98 I[APh ¯<s ¯2j §M5<; A�N`®

�98 I[APh ¯<s í j §M5<; A�N w

�98 I[APh ¯<s ³ j §M5<; A�N9à

�98 I[APh@® s w j §M5<; A�N ¯Fs[§M5<; A�N9° s<§M5<; A�N9í

�98 I[APh w s à j §M5<; A�N ¯Fs[§M5<; A�N9°

�98 I[APh w s ¯2j §M5<; A�N9í

�98 I[APh¡à s ° j §M5<; A�N ¯

�98 I[APh¡à s í j §M5<; A�N9°

�98 I[APh¡à s ³ j §M5<; A�N9í

�$8 I2A_h ¯<s ® x j §M5<; A�N ¯

�$8 I2A_h ¯<s ®:® j §M5<; A�N9°

�$8 I2A_h ¯<s ®Kà j §M5<; A�N9í

� LO0 T A ¯ �áà 9f� NHAKA 5<8 I[A�L 5 I 4 >vB.L:BHB 8 V 4 LC>HACI�J 8 BHB 4 0 T A � = q`R�§M5<; A�NcB

³Cx

N ð

Ã A 5 A�NcLO> 465<; J 8:T 1 5<8 G 4 L T " ® s w s à s ¯Fs ³ s ð $2s " ® s w s à s ð $4Z5<4 > 4 L TuT68 L:I[A�I p L T D<A " ® s w s à s ¯Fs ° s í s ³ s ð $2s " w s ¯<s í s ð $

� LO0 T A ¯ � ¯ 9$Ã A 5 AKNcLC> 465F; J 8:T 1 5F8 G 4 L T L 5 I 465F4 > 4 L TÕT68 L�I[ACI p L T D<A Q\8 N ; A 5 AKNcLC> 465F;_8 NH>H? 8:;:8�5 L TÃ98:T I+V 8 I[A

³ ®

K=�nø ³�»H¦kX=¢�¼Q°Ô=®,¯ ¯ ¦4°O±� 5 >H? 4 BiVc?MLOJ<>@AKN�^oA�?ML p APJ<N 8 J 8 BEA�I(L 5<8Cp A T JMLCNcL TZT A T G�LO>vV�?FACIb� §MT >@AKNE�¡>]1[JMA �f� V 8 I[A�L:V��

a�D 4 B 4 > 4Z8:5 > 8 I[AK>@ACVW>�D<J T6465F� B]? 8 N@>E��V 8 I[A+X 7�e =µB 46;�5 L T BW�i=�BHBEDFG 465<; �25<8 ^ T ACI ; A 8OQ DMB]AKNcB l

BEJFNHACL�I 465<; BEACa�D<A 5 VWACB s ^oA Q\8 NHG D T LC>HA V 8 I[A�L:V�abD 4 B 4 > 468�5�4Z5 >@AKNHG�B 8OQ G D T > 4 J T A`?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B

>HA�BE> 4Z5<;iQ\8 N�L T6T >H?FA�J 8 B@B 4 0 T AiB]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQ L T6T¦�f� V 8 I2ACBW� � ?<A�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 4 B Q D<N@>H?<AKN9NHA�I[DMVWACI

021 8 N ; L 5<4ZõK465<; L T6T >H?<A.J 8 B@B 4 0 T A9B]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQ L T6TF�f� V 8 I[ACB 465 > 8 L`V 8 I[A.>@NHAKA � � NHA�A 4 BmJ<NHD 5 ACI�021

BEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T I2AK>HACV"> 468�5 � � ?<A�>@NHAKAdBEA�LONcVc?+^�L:B9I[ACB 46;:5 ACI�021 §M5 I 465<; >H?<N@ACBE? 8:T IFB$>H?MLC>$^ 8 D T I

BHLC> 4 B Q 1�L I[ACB 46;�5 AKNE��BEJMACV 4¥§ ACI�J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8CQ I[AK>HA�VW> 4Z8:5 DMB 4Z5<; B]ACabDFA 5 > 4 L T I[A�>HACVW> 468�5 � t$5FT 1

p24 LO0 T A � = q`R §M5F; AKNvB$LCNHA`DMBEA�I�> 8_; A 5 AKNvLO>@A«>@?<A 8 D<>@J<D<>�I[ACV 4 B 4Z8:5 BE>vLO> 4 BE> 4 VKB"�

e+8:5 >HA�XoLON T68 V 8 GPJ<DF>HAKN�B 4 G D T LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 I 5 D<GPA�N 4 V�L T VKL T VWD T LO> 4Z8:5 ?ML p A�0MAKA 5 V�LONHN 4 ACI

8 DF>i> 8 BE>@DMI[1�>@?<APJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 8OQ >H?FA+L T6;�8 N 4 >H?<G 465 B 465F;:T A"�£JMLC>H?ÁL 5 I G D T > 4 J�LO>H?*Vc?ML 5 �

5 A T B,V 8 NHN@D<J<>HA�I�^ 4 >H?�V 8 ��V�?ML 5<5 A TÕ465 >HAKN Q AKNHA 5 VWAdhEX.Xo� j L 5 I+L�I 46p A9^.? 4 >@A Ã LODMB@B 4 L 5+5F8:4 B]A

h£=�� Ã��«j � 3,8 >H?d>H?<A�B 4 G D T LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 I 5 D<G�AKN 4 VKL T VKL T VWD T LC> 4Z8:5 N@ACBED T >cB�I[AKG 8:5 B]>HNcLC>HAf>H?�LO>Y>@?<A

J<N 8 J 8 B]ACI�L T6;�8 N 4 >H?<G VKL 5¶s LC>�>H?FAiAK�[JMA 5 BEA 8CQ B T646; ?[>�B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;_TZ8 BHB s B 4Z;:5<4 § VKL 5 > T 1

NHA�I[DMVWA >H?<A�V 8 GPJFD<>cLC> 468�5 V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�L 5 I T LC>HA 5 VW1 8OQ >@?<APNHA�VWA 46p A�NK�P¬ 8 NiAK�<LCGPJ T A su465 L

BE1FBE>@AKGª^ 4 >H?�® x DMBEAKNvB.L 5 I ¯ JMLC>H?MB.JMAKN.DMB]AKN,^ 4 >H?�°iI 3)g2��`s LiV 8 GPJ<DF>cLO> 468�5 BHL p2465<; B 8OQ

G 8 NHA.>H?�L 5 ²b³�´ VKL 5 0MA�L�V�? 4 A p ACIiLC>.LdV 8 B]> 8OQ�8�5<T 1�®:�Z®�I 3 B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHBW�Y��?FA 5

>H?FAPI[A�B 46;�5 JMLONvLOGPA�>HAKN4 '& 4Z5 VWN@ACL:B]ACB suTZ8 ^,AKN`V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�L 5 I T LO>HA 5 VW1 4 B 8 0<>vL 465 ACIî^.? 46T A8:5FT 1�L BEG�L T6TM465 VWNHACL�BEA 465 B 46;:5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 BHB.L�B�JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA�>HNcL�I[A 8C¤ �

³Cw

−10 −5 0 5 10 1560

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100Complexity Savings of Design 1: Numerical Results vs Simulation Results

SNR of Strongest Path

Com

plex

ity S

avin

gs in

%

numerical results simulation results simulation results of single path

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ � ¯ 9�g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 N�>@ACBE>�I[A�B 46;�5 ® 465-g ACVW> 468�5)¯ �ñð[� w L:BJ<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%��® x DMB]AKNcB s 1&´� x*)áx ® s 1+2� x*)áx:x:x ®

³ à

−10 −5 0 5 10 151

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5Signal Combining Loss of Design 1: Numerical Results vs Simulation Results


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

numerical results simulation results

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �ñ° 9 g�46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;_TZ8 BHB Q\8 Nd>HACB]>�I2ACB 4Z;:5 ® 465�g ACV"> 468�5�¯ �ñð2� w L:B`J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACIî021h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s '&R� x*)áx ® s '+ � x*)ñx�x:x ®

³ ¯

−10 −5 0 5 10 1540

50

60

70

80

90



Com

plex

ity S

avin

gs in

% numerical results

simulation results simulation results of single path

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �ñí 9�g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 N�>@ACBE>�I[A�B 46;�5 w 465-g ACVW> 468�5)¯ �ñð[� w L:BJ<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%��® x DMB]AKNcB s 1&´� x*)áx:x ® s 1+,� x/)ñx:x�x ®

³ °

−10 −5 0 5 10 151

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3Signal Combining Loss of Design 2: Numerical Results vs Simulation Results


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

numerical resultssimulated results

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ � ³ 9 g�46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;_TZ8 BHB Q\8 Nd>HACB]>�I2ACB 4Z;:5 w 465�g ACV"> 468�5�¯ �ñð2� w L:B`J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACIî021h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s '&R� x*)áx:x ® s '+0� x*)áx:x�x ®

³ í

−10 −5 0 5 10 1530

40

50

60

70

80

90



Com

plex

ity S

avin

g in

%

numerical results simulation results simulation results of single path

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �ñð 9�g >@ACL:I[1��BE>cLC>HA�V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�BHL p2465<; B Q\8 N�>@ACBE>�I[A�B 46;�5 à 465-g ACVW> 468�5)¯ �ñð[� w L:BJ<N@ACI 4 V">HACI_021�h ¯ � w�x j �$�%��® x DMB]AKNcB s 1&´� x*)áx:x�x ® s '+0� x/)ñx:x�x ®

³:³

−10 −5 0 5 10 150.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6Signal Combining Loss of Design 3: Numerical Results vs Simulation Results


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

numerical resultssimulated results

¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ � ² 9 g�46;�5 L T V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;_TZ8 BHB Q\8 Nd>HACB]>�I2ACB 4Z;:5 à 465�g ACV"> 468�5�¯ �ñð2� w L:B`J<NHACI 4 VW>@ACIî021h ¯ � w à j �-�.� ® x DMBEAKNvB s '&R� x*)áx:x:x ® s 1+2� x*)áx:x�x ®

³ ð

Ä � ��-~�½+� ùúë½+��mº�� À ��¹-��½ º÷� Ä º)¾ ½ z ��T �T�2|��~4�2ºÁ¹ �F¹

Ã �2¾}½+{ ��¹þ¾ Ä Å Æ z Æ �-¼�~4�/�}��~ � Ä � ��¹}¹-½+¼2|

O�� ³�»H¦4°O¦«Ìm¢�¼�°Ð£(Yg¦½¢O£¥¡<§ ¡�²�Ò £�ËH¼Qµ,¦�§,Ë ³´ÓÔ Õ ®,¿k¢8£WÓX,¦�¢8» ³ »H¦�§,§H¼½¿

� ?<AiJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA 8OQ ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�BE1FBE>HA�G�B 4 B$I2AK>HAKN@G 465 ACIP0[1�>H?FA V�?ML 5<5 A T�8Cp AKN9^.? 4 Vc?+>@?<A

>HNvL 5 B]G 4 B@B 4Z8:5 >cL � ACB,J T L�VWA��f�£> 4 B,>@?[D�B 4Z5 I 4 B]JMA 5 BHLC0 T A`> 8 ?ML p A`L ;:8�8 I �25<8 ^ T ACI ; A 8OQ ^ 4 I[AW�

0ML 5 Iþh\> 4 GPAW��I 4 B]J©A�NcB 4Zp A j G 8 0 46T A�NvL:I 4Z8 Vc?ML 5<5 A T BW� � ACBEACLCNcVc? 4Z5 ^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I)B]1<B]>HAKG�B�?�L:B

0MAKA 5�;:8�465<;�8�5�Q\8 N B 8 GPA w °+1�ACLONvB � wÿ� s � í:í � s � í ³¥� s � í�ð � s � í ²ÿ� s � ³�xL� L 5 I�?ML:B V 8:5 VWA 5 >HNcLC>HACIG�L 465<T 1 8:5B9 h 4\j X 8�T6T A�VW> 4Z8:5�8OQ NHACB]D T >vB Q N 8 GïA��[>@A 5 B 4Zp AiGPACL�BED<N@AKGPA 5 >�V�LOGPJML 46;�5 BW� g 465 VWA^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I+GPACL:B]D<NHA�GPA 5 >cB,LCNHAdG_DMVc?�G 8 N@AdV 8 GPJ T64 V�LO>HA�I�>@?ML 5 B 4 GPJ T A § A T I�BE>@NHA 5F; >H?�h 4 � A��

5 LCNHN 8 ^.0ML 5 I j GPACL�BED<N@AKGPA 5 >cB s >H?<A 5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ GPACL�BED<N@AKGPA 5 >.V�LOGPJML 46;�5 B 4 B�V 8:5 B 4 I[A�NcLO0 T 1

BEG�L T6T AKNY>@?ML 5PQ\8 N.>@?<A 5 LCNHN 8 ^.0�L 5 I�VKL:B]A��.h 4Z4ÛjmQ N 8 G±>@?<ACBEA�GPACL:B]D<NHA�GPA 5 >cB s Vc?ML 5<5 A T G 8 I2A T B

³C²

LON@AdI[AKN 4Zp ACIu� � ?<ACBEA`G 8 I2A T BoBE? 8 D T I Q D T¥§MTZT >@?<A Q\8:T6TZ8 ^ 465<; >]^ 8 V"N 4 >@AKN 4 L 9

· � ?<A�1�G DMBE>m0MA9B 4 GPJ T ASA 5<8 D ; ?_> 8 L TZT68 ^ÁL 5 L 5 L T 1[> 4 VKL T V 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 468:5d8OQ 0ML:B 4 V,B]1<B]>HAKGJMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWA �

· � ?<A�1«G DMB]>u0MA9V T68 BEAf> 8 >H?<AoJ<?[1FB 4 VKL T N@ACL TZ4 >]1*' 465�8 >H?<A�N�^ 8 NcIFB s >@?<A,JMAKN Q\8 NHG�L 5 VWAoV 8 G_�J<DF>HACI�0[1�>H?FACBEAdG 8 I[A T B,G_DMB]>.0MA V T68 BEA�> 8 >@?<A�JMAKN Q\8 N@G�L 5 V"A�GPACL�BED<N@ACI 465 L:VW>@DML TZT 1

AK� 4 B]> 4Z5<; NvL:I 4Z8 Vc?ML 5F5 A T B"�

� ?<ACB]A�NHA�abD 4 NHAKG�A 5 >cBfLON@AiV 8�5 >@NcL�I 4 VW> 8 N@1 s B 8 G 8 I[A T B 8CQfp LON 4Z8 DMB9V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 L 5 I+L�VKVWD[�

NcL�VW1�?ML p A`0©A�A 5 I[A p A T68 J©A�I Q\8 N�I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >9B]1<B]>HAKG�B"�.� 5�8 NcI2AKN�> 8 Vc?MLONvL:VW>@AKN 4Zõ A`L_^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 I

X 7�e =�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?iVc?ML 5F5 A T£s �$8 A TÕ�,465 � w�� I[ACB 46;:5 ACI_L 5 IPV 8�5 BE>@NHDMV">HACI L T68 ^,�]V 8 BE>oG 8 I[D T LON^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =æBEG�LCNH> L 5 >HA 5<5 L�GPACL:B]D<NHA�GPA 5 >`BE1FBE>@AKG 8 JMAKNcLC> 4Z5<;�4Z5 ®�� ² Ã · õ 0�L 5 I

^ 4 >@?�L 5�8Op A�N�B@LOGPJ TZ465<; NvLO>@A 8OQ °PBHLCGPJ T ACB,JMAKN`Vc? 4 J�LO>�>H?<A�V�? 4 J+NvLO>HA 8CQ ³ e V"JMBW� ��8�8 DFN

�25<8 ^ T ACI ; A s:4 > 4 BYLCG 8:5F; >@?<A § NvBE>fAK�2J©A�N 4 G�A 5 >vB©^.?<A�NHA�I<LO>vL Q N 8 G 0 8 >H?PG D T > 4 J T AY>@NcL 5 BEG 4 >E�

>HA�NcBfL 5 I NHACVWA 46p AKNvB�LCNHA`V 8�T6T ACVW>HA�Iu�� 5 L�^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 I�X 7�e =)Vc?ML 5<5 A T¡s L�G D T > 4 JMLC>H? 4Z5 >@A 5 B 4 >]1

J<N 8O§MT A�h e � ��j a�DML 5 > 4¥§ ACB`>H?<A�N@A T LC> 468�5 BE? 4 J 8OQ >@AKGPJ 8 NvL T I[A T LK1*L 5 IÁLO>@>HA 5 DMLO> 468�5 LOG�J T64 �

>HD�I[A 8CQ ACL:Vc?�G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�V 8 GPJ 8�5 A 5 > 465 NHACV"A 46p ACI+G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�B 4Z;:5 L T BW��=�VKV 8 NvI 465F; > 8 >@?<A

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I�X 7�e =�Vc?ML 5<5 A T B 8 D 5 I 465F; NHA�BED T >cB 465 >]1[J 4 VKL T D<NH0ML 5 LON@ACL 465 � w�� s >H?<A9G D T > 4 JMLC>H?465 >HA 5 B 4 >E1�J<N 8O§MT A�?�L:B L 5 A��[J 8:5 A 5 > 4 L T6T 1*I[ACV�L�1 465F; J 8 ^,AKN�I 4 B]>HN 4 0<D<> 468�5 L�B_L Q D 5 V"> 468�5�8OQ

>HA�GPJ 8 NcL T I[A T LK1 ;:4Zp A 5 021 9

r � � jdsq � � �� AK�2JÕh¹I>ûPü� ìý üþ j p dsq f xx p dsq i x h£°2�6® j

ð x

^.?<AKN@A?} û 4 B�>@?<APN 8�8 > GPACL 5 BHa�DMLCNHA�h �9e�g<j I[A T LK1�BEJ<N@ACL:Iu� � ?<A �$e�g I[A T LK1*BEJ<N@ACL:I 4 BVKL T VWD T LO>@ACI_021 9

} û � � ÿp j I ÿp j h£°2� w j

^.?<AKN@AP>H?FA § NcB]>iG 8 G�A 5 > 8OQ I[A T LK1 ÿp÷� r " p $ L 5 I�>@?<A�BEA�V 8:5 I�G 8 GPA 5 > 8CQ I[A T L�1 ÿp j �r " p j $ � � ?<AdBEJMACV 4 § V$JMLCNcLOG�AK>HAKN p L T DFACB�D�BEACIP^ 46TZT 0MAiI 4 BHV"DMBHB]ACI 465�g ACVW> 468�5 °[�á°[�6®��O��:¬ Í ®,¯ ¼�°Ð£�ÌÐ¦«¿%Õ §H¦�¿�±=¶�£�¶ ¡�² ³´¡<¯ X0¿¥¼EV,£k¢C± ?¦�¤ £�§U� £�§

®,¿Ö¢O£(X,¦½¢O» ³�»H¦�§,§H¼½¿

� 5 L.^ 4 I[A�0ML 5 IiX 7�e =�BE1FBE>@AKG s >H?FAKNHAoLON@A]�µD�BEAKNvB�V 8 GPG D 5<4 V�LO> 4Z5<; B 4 G_D T >cL 5 A 8 D�B T 1 465 >@?<ABHLCGPA.^ 4 N@A T A�BHBYVc?ML 5F5 A T L 5 I�A�L:Vc?_DMB]AKN l BYB 4Z;:5 L T J<N 8 JML ; LO>HA�B,>H?<N 8 D ; ?=��JMLC>H?MB"�Y��A�L:B@BED<GPA>H?�LO>�>@?<A�Vc?ML 5F5 A T I2A T LK1�BEJFNHACL�I@?<A=�JMLC>H?MB`^ 4 >H?*L�JFN 8 VWACB@B 4Z5<;+; L 465*8OQ ½d� � ?<A�V 8 GPJFD<>cLC> 468�5 L T V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1 8OQ >@?<A_JFN 8 J 8 BEACI>HN@AKAW��BE>@NHDMVW>@D<NHA�I e · � � e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4 B ; A 5 AKNcL T64Zõ ACI�> 8 L+G D T > 4 DMB]AKN�G D T > 4 JMLC>H?

^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I X 7�e =�V 8 GPG D 5<4 VWLC> 468�5 BE1FBE>HA�G�BW� � ? 4 B 4 BPL:VKV 8 GPJ TZ4 B]?<ACI 021 T LO0MA TZT6465F; >@?<A

V 8�5 BE>@NHDMVW>@ACI�V 8 I[A >HNHA�A �#" L�B�I[A�BHVWN 4 0MACI 465�g ACVW> 468:5�¯ �ñ°2� w ^ 4 >H?�?[12J 8 >@?<ACBEA�B v�" L 5 I v�6"sQ\8:TZT68 ^,A�I�021+>H?FA V T L�BHB 4 § VKLC> 468�5�8OQ ACL:Vc?�?[12J 8 >@?<ACBEA�B T LC0©A T6T A�I�JMLC>H? 465 >HA�NHG�B 8OQ >H?FA BE>cL ; A

LO>.^.? 4 Vc?_?21[J 8 >H?<ACB]ACB v�6 >HNvL 5 B 4 >vB,> 8 ?212J 8 >H?<A�BEACB v�" � � ?<A�NHA Q\8 NHA s >H?FA 8Cp AKNvL TZT V 8 G�J T AK� 4 >]14 B,>@?<AdBED<G�G�LO> 468:5 8OQ >H?<AdV 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ ACL:Vc?�JMLO>@?+>]12J©A �

=�B 465�g A�VW> 4Z8:5�¯ �á°[� w s ^oA�L T B 8 V 8:5 B 4 I[AKNiA�L:Vc?(B]? 4¥Q > 8CQ ACL�V�? �f� V 8 I[A�L:B L�B]AKJMLCNcLO>@A

V 8 I[A�^ 8 NvIu� � ?<ACB]A`BE? 4¥Q >cBfV 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I�> 8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�B 46;�5 L T BSJ<N@ACBEA 5 >oLO>o>H?<A9NHA�VWA 46p A�N 465 JFD<>K�

ð[®

��ASN@AKJ<N@ACBEA 5 >�L TZT �PJMLC>H?MB 8OQ L T6T � DMBEAKNvB 465 >H?<AoBE1FBE>@AKG-L�B�L9V 8 I[Af0 8�8:�a5-6 ^.? 4 V�?`?ML�B �2�/�N 8 ^9B"� R L�V�?�N 8 ^�?ML�I T A 5<; >H?µ½ s V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 >H?<AÌ2AKJ<>H? 8CQ >H?<A`>HN@AKA�> 8 0MAdBEACLCNcVc?<ACIu�= Q >@AKN.V 8�5 BE>@NHDMV"> 465F; >H?FA`V 8 I[A`>HN@AKA �#",Q\8 N9L TZT >@?<A�J 8 B@B 4 0 T AdI[A T L�1 B]? 4¥Q >vB 8OQ¦�f� V 8 I[ACB 8CQ L T6T>H?FA«D�BEAKNvB.L:B9I[ACBHV"N 4 0MACI 4Z5+g ACVW> 468�5�¯ �ñ°2� w s ôA`>HNcL p AKNvBEA�>@?<AdV 8 I[A`>HN@AKA ��" L 5 I T LO0MA T L TZT >@?<A0<NvL 5 Vc?<ACB�>H?�LO>iV 8 I[AK^ 8 NcI<B`JML:B@B«>@?<N 8 D ; ?�L�B v�6 � ��AiN@A Q AKN`> 8 >H? 4 B 5 AK^ T 1 T LO0MA TZT ACI�V 8 I[A>HN@AKA�L�B � � g�4Z5 VWA�L T6T >H?<A�JMLC>H?MB 4Z5<4 > 4 L T6T 1�?�L p A�L�VWAKN@>cL 465�5 D<G 0©A�N 8CQ4v�6dT LC0MA T B`D 5 > 46T LB 4Z;:5 L T ��LO0MB]A 5 > T LO0MA Tgv�"i4 B�N@ACL:Vc?<ACI s ^,A�V�L 5�T LO0MA T L T6T >H?<APJ�LO>H?�BiL:BiL�V 8�5 VKLO>@A 5 LC> 468�5�8OQv�6.T LO0MA T B Q\8�T6TZ8 ôACIP0[1 v�"�T LC0©A T BW�o¬ 4Z; D<N@A�°2�6® 46TZT DMB]>HNcLC>HACB,?212J 8 >H?<A�BEACB9L TZ8:5<; 8:5 AdJ 8 BHB 4 0 T AJMLC>H?+>]12JMA�3 s ^.?<AKN@A��Mhe3 j I2A 5<8 >@ACB,>H?FA�B]>cL ; APh 4 � A��>@NHAKAÌ2AKJ<>H? T A p A TÛj LC>.^.? 4 Vc?�>H?<A § NvBE> v�"T LC0MA Tm4 B,J<N@ACBEA 5 >��

1

Stage 1

H H 1 ...... H 0H1 ...... 0H

Stage GStage v(l)

path type l

¬ 4Z; D<N@Ad°[�6® 9 ·91[J 8 >@?<ACB]ACB.V 8 N@NHACB]J 8:5 I 4Z5<; > 8 L T6T J�LO>H?�B 8CQ >]12J©Ah3

= Q >HA�Ni>H?<A�>HNHA�A T LO0MA TZT6465F;<s ^,A 5 AKACI�> 8 I[AK>@AKNHG 4Z5 A��©ho3 j�Q\8 N_ACL�V�?ÁJMLO>@?�L 5 I Q\8 NHG 4 >vBBEDF0<>HN@AKA 8OQ V 8 I[Ai>@NHAKA � � � ?<Aa3 b�x B]D<0<>@NHAKA�V 8:5 >cL 465 B�L T6T�5<8 I[ACB 8CQ � V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 L T6T>]1[JMA�3uJ�LO>H?�BW� � ?<AKNHArLONHArLO>,G 8 BE>�½ BED<0<>@NHAKA�BW� 3 L:B]ACI 8�5 >H?<A�> 8 J 8�T68:; 1 8OQ 3 b�x BED<0<>@NHAKA s ôANHA�V 8 NvI�>@?<A 5 D<G 0©A�N 8CQ >HN@AKA 5<8 I2ACB.LO>�BE>vL ; A z 8OQ BED<0<>@NHAKA 3 465 L�G�LC>HN 4 � ê L�B ê � 3 � � z � � ê_4 B ��½ s ^.?FAKNHA4 4 B,>H?<A`> 8 >cL Tm5 DFG_0MAKN 8OQ JMLC>H?�>]1[JMACB"�

ð w

ÂMAK>.DMB.LCJ<J T 1 >H?FA�LC0 8Op A�JMLO>@?�V T L:BHB 4¥§ V�LO> 4Z8:5 LCJ<J<N 8 L:Vc?�> 8 >@?<A`AK�<LCGPJ T A 465 >HN 8 I2DMVWACI 4Z5

g ACV"> 468�5�¯ �á°[� w �«��A L:B@BED<G�A�>H?�LO>`>H?<A�N�NHACV"A 46p ACI�B 46;:5 L TY4 B�V 8 G�J 8 BEACI 8CQoõ AKN 8 V�? 4 J�B]? 4¥Q >@ACI

�f� V 8 I[A 8OQ DMBEA�N`® s<8:5 A�Vc? 4 J�BE? 4 Q >HACI �f� V 8 I[A 8OQ DMB]AKN`®`L 5 I õ AKN 8 V�? 4 J�BE? 4¥Q >HA�I �f� V 8 I[A

8OQ DMBEAKN w � � ?<AiV 8 I[A`0 8�8��05-6o4 B ; A 5 AKNvLO>HA�I�L�B 9

X 8 I2A�0 8�8:�25-6�9

×ØØØØØØØØÙ ® I�® Id® ®

I�® ® Id® ®

® I�® ® Id®

Ú ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ� AK�2> s ^oAiJ<N 8 I2DMVWAi>H?FAPV 8 I2Ai>HNHA�A � 021�L:IFI 465<;�T LO0MA T B v�6�Q N 8 G/V 8 I2Ai0 8�8��÷5-6 ��=�V��

V 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8�§ NvBE>fN 8 ^ 465 V 8 I[A$0 8�8��5-6"s:4 � A s � I�®`®?I+®�® � s V 8 N@NHACB]J 8�5 I 4Z5<; >HNHA�A 5<8 I[ACB.hH® s ® jh w s w j h¡à s à j h ¯<s í j�465 ¬ 46; D<NHA ¯ �ñàdLONHA T LC0MA T6T ACIiL:B v�6 � � ?<A�BEACV 8:5 IiN 8 ^ � Id®«®,I�®`® � T LO0MA T B>HN@AKA 5F8 I[ACB.hH® s ® jvs h w s w jvs h£à s à jvs h ¯<s í j L�B v�6 � � ?<A T L:BE>fN 8 ^ 4Z5 V 8 I[A.0 8�8:��5-6"s � ®�I+®aI+®�® �T LC0MA T B,>@NHAKA 5<8 I[A�B«h@® s w j h w s à j h£à s ° j h ¯<s ® x j L:B v�6 � � ?FA T LC0MA T6T ACIPV 8 I[Ad>HN@AKA �)4 B.BE? 8 ^ 5+4Z5¬ 4Z; °[� w �

��A�VKL 5 V T L:BHB 4¥Q 1*L TZT >H?<APJ�LO>H?�B 4Z5 >H?<A T LO0MA TZT ACI*V 8 I[A�>HN@AKA � L:VKV 8 NcI 4Z5<; > 8 I 4¥¤ AKNHA 5 >V 8�5 VKLO>@A 5 LC> 468�5 B 8OQmv�6 L 5 I v�"$T LO0MA T BW� � ?<A`JMLC>H?�V T L:B@B 4 § VKLO> 468�5�4 B.BE? 8 ^ 5�465�� LC0 T Ad°2�6®:�

� ?<AP> 8 J 8:TZ8:;:4 ACB 8CQ BED<0F>HNHA�ACB �C6cs�� j L 5 I �ÌÝ LON@A 8 0<>cL 465 ACI Q N 8 G�?212J 8 >H?<A�BEACB T LO0MA TZT ACIV 8 I[A�>HNHA�A � 0[1�V 8�T6T ACVW> 4Z5<; I 4 ¤ AKNHA 5 >�JMLC>H?MB 8OQ >@?<APB@LOGPA >]1[JMA�� ?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ BEDF0<>HN@AKA5<8 I[A�B$L Q >HAKN.JMLC>H?�V T L�BHB 4 § VKLC> 468�5�4 B,NHA�V 8 NvI[ACI 465 G�LC>HN 4 � ê#9

ê �×ØØØØØØØØÙ w w w w® ® ® ®

w à à à

Ú ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ h£°2�ñà j

ð:à

1

-1

-1

1

1

1

1

-1

1

1

1

-1

1

1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

(2,1)

(1,1)

(2,2)

(3,2)

(4,4)

(3,3)

(4,6)

(3,4)

(4,7)

(1,2)

(0,1)

(2,3)

(3,5)

(4,10)

(3,6)

(4,11)

(2,4)

(3,7)

(4,13)

Finger 1

Finger 2

Finger 3

Finger 4

Finger 5

Finger 6

H1

H1

H1

H1

H1

H1

H1

H1

H0

H0

H0

H0

H0

H0

H0

H0

RAKE

RAKE

RAKE

RAKE

RAKE

RAKE

H1

H1

Depth Level 1 Depth Level 2 Depth Level 3 Depth Level 4

¬ 4Z; D<N@A�°2� w 9 ·$1[J 8 >H?<ACB]ACB T LC0MA T6T ACIPV 8 I[Ad>HN@AKA � V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 >@?<A`AK�FLOGPJ T A$>@NHAKA ��"98OQ¬ 4Z; D<N@A ¯ �ñàiL 5 I+V 8 I2A�0 8�8:�,5-6 �

ð ¯

� LC>H?�>]1[JMA � ® w à

� NcL 5 B 4 > 4Z8:5 B]>cL ; A p h �Mj w à °

·$12J 8 >@?<ACB 4 B$V 8 G 0 465 LC> 4Z8:5 ·�®`· x · x · x ·�®`·�®`· x · x ·d®`·�®�·d®`·�®

g�4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@? JMLC>H?�® s JMLO>@?�í JMLO>@?�à JMLO>@? w s JMLO>@? ¯<s J�LO>H?�°

� LO0 T A`°[�Z® 9Y� LO>H?�>]12J©A�V T L:BHB 4¥§ V�LO> 4Z8:5 8OQ AK�FLOG�J T A.>@NHAKA ��s ^.?<A�NHA�>@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ J�LO>H?�>]12J©A ��à

= Q >HA�N,JMLC>H?+>]12JMA�I2AK>HAKN@G 465 LO> 4Z8:5 L 5 IP>@NHAKA 5<8 I[AdV 8 D 5 > 465F;<s ^,A 5 A�ACI_> 8 I[AK>@AKNHG 465 A.>@?<A

J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1P>H?�LO> e · � V 8:5 > 4Z5 DFACB.LO>�L_V"AKNH>vL 465 BE>cL ; A LC>.ACL:Vc?�JMLO>@?+>]1[JMA��o¬ 8 N.JMLC>H?�>]12J©A

3 s ^,A`DMB]A 5 D<G�AKN 4 VKL T<4Z5 >@A ; NvLO> 468:5 > 8 VKL T VWD T LC>HA�>@?<A�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8OQ V 8�5 > 465 D 465F; LO>9B]>cL ; A z s

� he3ûS z j � g�4Z5 VWA JMLO>@?�>]1[JMA?3 4 B�Vc?MLONvL:VW>@AKN 4Zõ ACI+021 v�6`T LC0©A T B�LC>�>@?<A § NcBE>��©ho3 j I�®PB]>cL ; ACBQ\8:TZT68 ^,A�I�0[1aFQbNI��©ho3 jêv�",T LO0MA T B s >H?<A9B 46;:5 L T BHLCGPJ T A�B 465 >@?<A § NcBE>oB]>cL ; ACBY?ML p A.GPACL 5 o � |L 5 I(BE^ 4 >cVc?�> 8 o � x 465 >@?<A T LO>@AKNiB]>cL ; ACB"� � ?[DMB�>@?<A�J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1�I[A 5 B 4 >E1 Q D 5 V"> 468�5�8OQB 4Z;:5 L T B@LOGPJ T ACBoL T68�5<; JMLO>@?+>]1[JMAh3.h£V 8�5 I 4 > 468�5 ACI 8:5 >H?<AdB 46;:5 L T LOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[A�L 5 I p LCN 4 L 5 VWA jV 8 D T IP0MA`AK�[JFNHACB@BEACI�L:B 9

t�h S:3 j � �� 6� j�� ý AK�2J � I 6j h � ��ý j j � Q\8 N ®�� f i �Mhe3 j6� j�� ý AK�2J � I 6j h �ý j j � Q\8 N�©ho3 j �òf ��FQb h£°2� ¯2j

� ?<A�B]>HACL�I[1��]B]>cLO>@A�V 8 GPJ<D<>vLO> 4Z8:5 L T V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1 8OQ >H?FAPJ<N 8 J 8 BEA�I e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHAW�

VWA 4Zp AKN 465 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V�?ML 5<5 A T B s15 2�� . b d ~� ûb�x s[4 B ;�46p A 5 021 95 2�� . b d ~� úbyxQ� �� . � 6 é�2 � «��P« . ¯ 2 5 � Z ¯ � ho3úS z jBê « 3úS z j h£°2�ñ° j

^.?<AKN@A��©ho3 jf4 B,>H?<AdBE>vL ; Ai^.?<AKNHA`>@?<A § NcB]> v " T LO0MA T LCJ<JMACLONvB 465 JMLC>H?+>]12JMA43 s � he3ûS z jf4 B,>@?<AJ<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 8CQ V 8�5 > 465 D 465<;d8OQ J�LO>H?�>]1[JMAh3YLO>9B]>cL ; A z L 5 I ê he3ûS z jY4 B�>@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ >@NHAKA

ð:°

5<8 I[A�B.LO>.B]>cL ; A z 465 BED<0<>@NHAKA � . � �$8 >@A$>@?MLO> � ho3úS z j�4 BoVKL T VWD T LO>HA�I�021+h¡à[� w à j¦465 >@NHD 5 VKLO>@ACIBEA�abD<A 5 > 4 L T L 5 L T 1 4Z8:5 à[�á°$DMB 4Z5<; >@?<A.LC0 8Cp AoJ<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1dI[A 5 B 4 >E1 Q D 5 VW> 468:5d465 h£°[� ¯[j �

=�B9L_V 8 GPGPA 5 > s ^oA�I 4 BHV"DMBHB.>]^ 8 BEJMACV 4 L T VKL�BEACB 8CQ >H?FAiLO0 8Cp A Q NcLCGPAK^ 8 N � � t95�8:5 AdAK�b�

>HN@AKGPA s ^,A9V 8:5 B 4 I[AKNf>@?<A�B 4 >@DMLO> 468:5 ^.?<AKN@A9L TZT©5F8 I[ACB 8OQ >@?<A.>HN@AKA9LON@A 4 I[A 5 > 4 V�L T6T 1 T LO0MA TZT ACI�021

v�6"s V 8 NHNHA�BEJ 8:5 I 465<; > 8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V 8 G�J 8�5 A 5 >cBfJ<NHACB]A 5 > Q\8 N9L T6T >@?<A�DMB]AKNcB"�,� 5 >@?MLO>9B]J©A�V 4 L TVKL�BEA s �©ho3 j �Ò½7-®:� t95 >@?<A 8 >H?FAKN�AK�2>HN@AKGPA s >H?FA_JMLC>H?�>]12JMAP^ 4 >@?�L T6T-v " T LC0©A T B`V 8 N@NHAW�BEJ 8�5 I 465F; > 8�5<8 G D T > 4 JMLC>H? B 46;:5 L T LC>.>H?<A�NHACVWA 46p AKN 4Z5 J<D<>�L:B 4 B,I 4 BHVWDMB@BEACI 465+g A�VW> 4Z8:5 ¯ � ³ �6®��

3 1iB]AK>H> 465<; �©ho3 j � ®9L 5 I� ��-® s >H?<A9V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >]1�B@L p2465F; B 4Z5 ^ 4 I[AK0�L 5 IPX 7�e =(G D T > 4 JMLC>H?Vc?ML 5<5 A T B ;�46p A 5 021�h¡°[�á° j I[A ; A 5 AKNvLO>HA�B$> 8 h ¯ � w ® j >@?<A V 8 GPJ T A�� 4 >E1�BHL p2465<; B`L:BHB]D<G 4Z5<; >H?MLC>

5<8 B 4Z;:5 L Tm4 B,J<N@ACBEA 5 >K�

O��¹¸ Í ®,¯ ¼Q°�£�ÌÐ¦«¿,ÕÄ§H¦«¿¥±=¶�£�¶J¡�²�=£(�<§H¦«¿�³(¡<¯ µ0£�§,£�§U� ��¡<¶�¶

£�§ ®,¿k¢8£(X,¦�¢8» ³�»H¦«§,§H¼½¿

ÔgÚeùgÚÜÛ � å$â8õ ãgé äûé�è_� ÝÐäúæ-ågâOõ@ç�è$î��Qä¹ågä¹ågæÒë�è�é é¬ 8 NP>@?<A�V 8:52p A 5<4 A 5 VWA 8CQ A��[J T L 5 LC> 4Z8:5ms >@?<A+JFN 8 0 T AKG 8OQ I[A�>HACVW> 465<; �-JMLC>H?MB 8CQ � D�BEAKNvBVKL 5 0MA�JMAKNvVWA 46p A�IPL:B 8�5 A 8CQ I[AK>@ACVW> 465<; L 5 1 8OQ �,��JMLO>@?MBW�9= p AKNvL ; A�B 46;�5 L T �£> 8 � 5<8:4 BEAiNcLC> 4Z8h gb��rj L Q >HA�N«G�LO� 4 G�L T NcLC> 4Z8 V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<; h e�� X j LO>`>H?<A � = q`R V 8 G_0 465 AKN 8 D<>HJFD<>dV 8 D T I

0MA9VKL T VWD T LO>HA�I�0[1dA 5 DFGPAKNcLC> 4Z5<; >H?<A9V 8 G 0 465 LC> 4Z8:5�8CQ L T6T >H?<A.>@ACBE>fNHA�BED T >cB 8CQ �,��?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B>HA�BE>cB s ^.?<AKNHA�� 4 B$>@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ D�BEAKNvB«L 5 I;� 4 B$>@?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ JMLO>@?MB«JMAKN`DMB]AKNK� � ?<A

ð:í

8 0�BEAKN p ACI�I 4 B@VWNHAK>@AW�¡> 4 G�A.^.L p A Q\8 N@G 4 B 9

� \��F�\E7ÂE#\ � q h£°2�ñí j

^.?<AKN@Af>H?<AfVc? 4 J�> 4 GPA 4Z5 I[AK��^=�-®LS )�)�) S�½ L 5 I�JMLC>H? 465 I[A��<� ®LS )�)¥) SÖ�,�o� � ?<Af?[12J 8 >H?FACB 4 B>HA�BE> 4 B ; A 5 AKNvLO>@ACI Q\8 N9ACL:Vc?�JMLO>@?<� s ®��¸��,� s L:B

� q 9@v�6�p B v�"

^.?<AKN@A`?[12J 8 >H?FACBEACB v�6 L 5 I v�" LCNHA 9

v 6 9 E 6 � qm��E j � q-� ¢(¢3¢ ��E Z � qg� x S JMLO>@?�� 4 B.I2AK>HACV">HACI

v�"Q9 E 6 � q � E j � q � ¢3¢(¢ � E Z � q � o q S JMLO>@?�� 4 B 5F8 >�I[AK>HA�VW>HACI� Q >H?<Aê� byx B 46;�5 L T J�LO>H? 4 BmI[A�BEJ<N@ACL:I[A�Ir^ 4 >H?`L9V 8 NHNHA�VW>mB]? 4¥Q > 8CQM�f� V 8 I[A s >@?<A 5 >H?FA,I2ACBEJ<N@ACL:I2ACIB 4Z;:5 L T ?ML:B`>H?<A�V 8:5 BE>cL 5 >dLCGPJ T64 >HDMI2A o q � � ?<AKNHA Q\8 NHA s ôAiDMBEA >H?FAPV 8�5 BE>vL 5 >dLOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[A 4Z5?21[J 8 >@?<ACB]ACBW��A 5<8 >HA.>@?MLO>fL9JMLO>@? 4 B ½ �f� �]Vc? 4 JMB 4Z5 I[D<NvLO> 4Z8:5ms ^.?<AKNHA§½ 4 B�>H?<AoJ<N 8 VWA�BHB 4Z5<;; L 465 �,ÂMA�> w I[A 5<8 >@A9Lr0 465 LCNH1�� p L T D<ACI w ; � �C�,��G�LC>HN 4 �Õ� R L:Vc?_N 8 ^ 8CQ�w I2A 5<8 >@ACBYLÌ 4 BE> 4Z5 VW>BEDF0MBEAK> 8CQ �,��JMLO>@?MBY^.?<AKNHA v�6�4 B�>HN@D<A�� ?FAKNHA9LCNHA�L$> 8 >cL TM8CQ w ; � BED�V�? B]D<0MBEA�>cB 8OQ >H?<AQ�,�JMLC>H?MB"� � ?<A�A T AKGPA 5 > w d�� q 4 BY>@?<A�I2ACV 4 B 468�5_4Z5 I 4 V�LO> 8 Nf>H?MLC>,JMLC>H?a� 4 BfI[A�>HACVW>@ACIi^ 4 >H? 465 >H?<A�f byx

V 8 G_0 4Z5 LO> 468�5 B 8CQ JMLO>@?�A p A 5 >cBW�`ÂMAK>4 d f x I[A 5<8 >@Ai>H?<A9¢ 8�465 >$J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1�V 8 N@NHACB]J 8:5 I 4Z5<;> 8 >@?<APA p A 5 >dI[A 5F8 >HA�I 021�>H?<A?f b�x N 8 ^ 8CQ4w*s A j��d�� 6 d �/®��¬ 465 L T6T 1 s ôA�L TZT68 ^ Q\8 Ni>@?<AJ 8 B@B 4 0 46T64 >]1P>H?MLC>�ACL�V�?�JMLC>H?�G�LK1 ?ML p AiL I 4¥¤ AKN@A 5 >9V 8:5 B]>cL 5 >`B 46;:5 L T LOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[A�D 5 I[AKN v 6 ��A�I2A 5<8 >@A`>H? 4 B.LOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[A�021 o q s ®��>��,�o�� ?<A`L p AKNvL ; A g2�� LO>o>H?<A e�� X � = q`R V 8 G 0 465 A�N 8 D<>@J<D<> 4 B 8 0<>cL 465 A�I_0[1�VKL T VWD T LO> 465<;

L TZT,g2��-p L T DFACB 8OQ >@?<AiJ 8 BHB 4 0 T API2AK>HACV"> 468�5 N@ACBED T >cB"� � ?<A gb��þ8CQ f byx J 8 B@B 4 0 T AiG D T > 4 JMLC>H?ð ³

I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 NHACB]D T > 4 B ;:46p A 5 021 9

-EOF=G d � ; ��q¿� 6 w d�� q �gEOF=G q h£°2� ³ j

^.?<AKN@A�E8FHG q 4 B,>@?<AdB 4Z;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5<8�4 BEAdNcLC> 468 8OQ >H?FA«J�LO>H? � ;�46p A 5 021

EOF=G q � o q j} j h£°2�ñð j

� ?<A 8Cp AKNcL T6T�g2��4 B Q\8 D 5 I�021P^,A 46; ?2> 4Z5<; A�L:Vc? EOFHG q 021P>H?FA�V 8 NHN@ACBEJ 8�5 I 465F; J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1 q s VKL T VWD T LO>@ACI_021

EOF=G 2 � & �é � &�è l � A j ��d�� 6 -EOFHG d �] d� h£°2� ² j

� ?<A*B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465<4Z5<;�T68 B@B 8OQ e · � � e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4Z5 G_D T > 4 JMLO>@?�Vc?ML 5F5 A T�4 B

§M5 L T6T 1�I[AK>@AKNHG 4Z5 ACI�021 9

Ë 2 � & Gé � &�è l ��EOF=G-+Fç � &�è l I�EOF=G-& �é � &�è l h£°2�6® x j

^.?<AKN@A$>@?<A9BEDF0MBHVWN 4 J<> z I2A 5<8 >@ACBY>H?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ B 4Z;:5 L T J�LO>H?�B 465 G D T > 4 J�LO>H?�V�?�L 5<5 A T B s L 5 I

z ��,�o� 3 1�BEA�>H> 4Z5<; z � ® sSgb�� LO>`>H?FA 8 D<>HJ<DF> 8OQ�e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKN 4Z5^ 4 I2AK0ML 5 I X 7�e = G D T > 4 J�LO>H? V�?ML 5<5 A T B ;�46p A 5 021(h¡°[� ² j�; A 5 AKNvLO>@ACB�> 8 h ¯ � w ð j >@?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T

V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;�T68 B@B 465 B 465<;�T AW�¡JMLC>H?�VKL�BEA�� ?<A�G D T > 4 J�LO>H?ÁI 4Zp AKNcB 4 >]1 ; L 4Z5)4 B_a�DML 5 > 4¥§ ACI(021

V 8 GPJMLON 465<; >H?FA g2�� LO> � = q`R V 8 G 0 465 AKN 8 D<>@J<D<>P> 8 >H?<A � = q`R NHACV"A 46p AKNdAKGPJ TZ8 1 4Z5<;

BEA T ACVW> 468�5 I 46p A�NcB 4 >]1�h g27«jvs ^.?<AKN@A 8�5<T 1�>H?<AdBE>@N 8�5<; ACB]>$J�LO>H? 4 B.B]A T ACV">HACIu�

��EOF=G 2�� & �é � &�è l I�E8FHG 4 h£°2�6®�® j

^.?<AKN@A

EOF=G 4 � A ;d�� 6 EOF=G 6 �] d�� 6� h£°2�6® w j

ð:ð

� ?<A Q\8:TZT68 ^ 465F; AK�FLOG�J T A�^ 4ZT6T 0MAiDMBEACI�> 8 V T LON 4¥Q 1�>H?FA g2�� VKL T VWD T LO> 468�5 LO>�>H?<A 8 D<>@J<D<>

8OQ >@?<A e · � � e�� X � = q`R NHA�VWA 46p A�N 4Z5 G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�V�?ML 5<5 A T BW�¦=�BHB]D<G 465F; L�X 7�e =�B]1<B]>HAKG

^ 4 >@?`J<N 8 VWA�BHB 4Z5<;9; L 4Z5 ½�� ¯ L 5 I«>]^ 8 B 46;�5 L T JMLO>@?MBm>H?MLC>�AK� 4 B]> Q\8 N 8�5 AfDMBEAKN�^ 4 >@?dLOGPJ TZ4 >@DMI[Ao 6 L 5 I o j NHA�BEJMACVW> 46p A T 1��·$AKNHA s V 8�5 BE>vL 5 >$JMLC>H?�LOG�J T64 >HDMI[A 4 B.L:B@BED<G�ACI s[4 � A�� sE 6 � 6 � E j � 6 ��E Ý � 6 ��E y � 6 � o 6E 6 � j � E j � j ��E Ý � j ��E y � j � o j

� ?<A`NHA�VWA 46p A�I_I 4 BHVWN@AK>HA"�£> 4 GPA9B 46;:5 L T�465�8:5 AdB]1[G 0 8:T JMAKN 468 I Q\8 N.JMLC>H?�� 4 B.AK�2J<NHACB@BEACI�L:B 9

� \��E q 7ÂFQ\ h£°2�6®�à j

^.?<AKN@AdV�? 4 J�BHLOG�J T A 465 I[AK�?f�� ®LS w Scà*S ¯ L 5 I�JMLO>@??�Ø� ®LS w s >@?<AQ� byx ?21[J 8 >H?<ACB 4 B.>HACB]> � q 4 BQ\8 N@G_D T LO>@ACIPL�B v�6.p B v�"Cs ^.?FAKNHA v�6 L 5 I v�" LON@A 9

v�"Q9 E 6 � q ��E j � q � ¢3¢3¢ ��E y � q � x S.JMLC>H?�¢ 4 B,J<NHACB]A 5 >v 6 9 E 6 � q-��E j � qm� ¢3¢3¢ ��E y � qm� o q×S�J�LO>H?d¢ 4 B,J<NHA�BEA 5 >

= T6T >H?<A`G D T > 4 JMLC>H?�I[AK>@ACVW> 4Z8:5 NHA�BED T >cB.LON@A`A 5 DFGPAKNcLC>HACI 465�4Z5 I 4 V�LO> 8 N.G�LO>@N 4 � w�9

w �

×ØØØØØØØØØØØØØÙx x

x ®

® x

® ®

Ú ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜh£°2�6® ¯[j

� ?<A`J<N 8 0MLO0 46T64 >]1 8OQ ACL:Vc?�G_D T > 4 DMBEA�NSG D T > 4 J�LO>H?�I[AK>@ACVW> 468:5 NHACB]D T > 4 B.I[A §M5 A�I�L�B 9

" Z � NCh �ô6 Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�" L 5 I � j Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�"Kjð ²

Z � NCh£B 4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@?�® 4 B 5<8 >�I[AK>@ACVW>HA�IPL 5 I�B 4Z;:5 L T JMLC>H? w 4 B 5<8 >�I[A�>HACVW>@ACI j

6bZ � NCh �ô6 Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�6 L 5 I � j Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�"KjZ � NCh£B 4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@?�® 4 B.I[AK>HA�VW>HACI�L 5 I�B 46;�5 L T JMLC>H? w 4 B 5<8 >�I[AK>@ACVW>@ACI j

j Z � NCh �ô6 Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�" L 5 I � j Vc? 8�8 BEACB v�6cjZ � NCh£B 4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@?�® 4 B 5<8 >�I[AK>@ACVW>HA�IPL 5 I�B 4Z;:5 L T JMLC>H? w 4 B.I[AK>@ACVW>@ACI j

Ý Z � NCh � 6 Vc? 8�8 BEACB v 6 L 5 I � j Vc? 8�8 BEACB v 6 jZ � NCh£B 4Z;:5 L T JMLO>@?�® 4 B.I[AK>HA�VW>HACI�L 5 I�B 46;�5 L T JMLC>H? w 4 B.I[AK>@ACVW>HA�I j

� ?<AdB 4Z;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5<8�4 B]AiNcLO> 468i8CQ JMLO>@?�® 4 B.VKL T VWD T LC>HACI 0[1 9

E8FHG 6 � o 6 j} j h£°2�6®�° j

� ?<AdB 4Z;:5 L T �¡> 8 � 5<8�4 B]AiNcLO> 468i8CQ JMLO>@? w 4 B.VKL T VWD T LC>HACI 0[1 9

E8FHG j � oCj j} j h£°2�6®�í j

� ?<A Q\8 NHG D T LO> 4Z8:5�8OQ >@?<AiL p AKNvL ; A g2�� LC>�>H?FA 8 DF>HJ<D<> 8OQoe · � � e�� X � = q`R N@ACVWA 4Zp AKN 4 B

8 0F>cL 4Z5 ACI�0[1

E8FHG 2�� . b d ~� úbyxQ� A Ýd�� " h A 6q¿� " h w d�� q �gE8FHG q j �g d j® h£°2�6® ³ j

=�B.h£°2� ² j¦4 GPJ T64 A�B sK4 >fG�LK1`0MA�J 8 B@B 4 0 T A9> 8�8 0<>cL 465 >H?<A9AK�2J T64 V 4 >�AK�2J<NHA�BHB 4Z8:5 B 8CQ >H?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T

V 8 G_0 4Z5<465F;PT68 BHBW��n 5[Q\8 N@>HD 5 LC>HA T 1 suQ\8 N 8 DFNiBE1FBE>@AKG�^ 4 >@?÷� D�BEAKNvB«L 5 I÷��JMLC>H?MB`J©A�N«D�BEAKN s>H?FAKNHA�LON@APL�> 8 >vL To8OQ w ; � V 8 GPJ 8 B 4 >@A_A p A 5 >vBW� � 5 L�I 468�5ms A�L:Vc?�V 8 GPJ 8 B 4 >HAiA p A 5 > 4 B�L 5465 >HA�NcBEA�VW> 4Z8:5�8CQ L Q LOG 4ZT 1 8CQ �,� B]D<0MA p A 5 >cB s ^.? 4 Vc? Q D<NH>@?<AKN V 8 GPJ TZ4 VKLC>HACB�>H?FA+B 4 >@DMLO> 468:5 �7 D<A�> 8 >H?FA�AK�2J 8�5 A 5 > 4 L T6T 1 465 V"NHACL�B 465F; V 8 GPJ T AK� 4 >£1 8OQ L 5 L T 1HAKN@G�B 8OQ >H?<A 5 D<G 0MAKN 8OQ

²:x

DMB]AKNcB9L 5 I 5 D<G 0MAKN 8CQ JMLO>@?MB$JMAKN9DMBEA�N s L 5 L�VKVWD<NvLO>@AiVKL T VWD T LO> 468:5�8CQ >H?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G_0 465<4Z5<;

T68 BHB 465 L�G D T > 4 DMB]AKNfG_D T > 4 JMLO>@?_^ 4 I[AK0ML 5 IîX 7�e =-Vc?ML 5F5 A Tu4 B.I 4 ¨�VWD T >,> 8 VKL T VWD T LO>@A��

ÔgÚeùgÚeÙ ë�èÊó�àCß?��è$ýQå$ã�è��=Ý-äûæ-ågâOõ=ç;è-î��Qä¹ågä¹ågæÒë�è�é�é� 5 >H?<A Q\8�T6TZ8 ^ 4Z5<;<s ^oA�DMBEA�B 8 GPA�LOJ<J<N 8 � 4 G�LO> 468:5 B«> 8 0 8 D 5 I >@?<A�B 4Z;:5 L T V 8 G 0 465F465<;�T68 BHB"�

�m8 B 4 GPJ T64¥Q 1*>H?<A�L 5 L T 1H?FA�J<N 8 0MLC0 46TZ4 >]1�>H?MLC>�>H?<A�V 8 GPJ 8 B 4 >HA�A p A 5 >vB 8 V�VWD<NcB s >@?<A

7 AW� e+8 N ; L 5ml B�ÂÕLK^ 4 B.LCJ<J T64 ACIP> 8 >HNvL 5 B Q\8 NHG 465 >HAKNvBEACVW> 468�5P465 > 8 D 5F468:5 � ³ ® � �

ÂMAKGPG�L ®_h 7 AW� e+8 N ; L 5ml B�ÂÕLK^ j ÂMAK>�[ 6 S:[ j )�)�) [ _ 0©A�L 5 1 §M5<4 >HA Q LOG 46T 1 8OQ A p A 5 >cB 4Z5LiJ<N 8 0MLO0 4ZT64 >E1�BEJ�L:VWA h�� sá�,j �

�ho[ 6�� [ j ¢3¢(¢ � []\! O��®gI� �" [ 6# ¢(¢3¢ # []\! "�$%'&�ð(

)+*-,/.0, [ d214365 *-,�798;:=<�>',/:=,@? 5 ,/A!,/? 5 8CB [ d

D ? �FECG �IH >J8K)I,/.ML-? 1 8;?ONP8;L�?PQSR?-8C)+? H 3�T ,VU H ,W?2X 3 NY8ZL-?PQ 143 , 3�5 H N-> 1[3 *-,CQ 1 ? 5 ,/.0: 38KB\8;?->J] 5 *-,M<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]=8KB 1 ?PQ 1 A 1 Q_L H >2,WA!,/? 5�3a` "�bdce �f � H ?gQ 5 *-,M<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5^1 , 3 8KB\< H 1 .^) 143 ,,/A!,/? 5h3+` "�bicCj�bak@ lf �

m ,/:=: H G " T ,SU H ,W?on EpG;q m , 5 bsrhthbvuxwWw/w^bdy NY, H ?_]OzP? 1'5 ,=B H : 1 >J]S8CB�,WA!,/? 5�3�1 ? H<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5^1 , 363 < H 7@, "��|{�}6 h%

` "y#c � r bic~ f

y� c � r ` "�bic~ uA yk � r ` "�bic j b+k9 "�$%'&W�(

� *-, H NP8CA!, 5 )68=>J,/:=: H 3 7 H ?�NP, H <-<-> 1 ,CQ 5 8�8;L-. H ? H >'] 3�1[3|3�1 ?P79,�:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?.^, 3 L-> 5s1[3|3 ]:=:=, 5 . 1 7 % D B 3 L-NP,/A!,/? 5 b c'� k ,W� 1[3�5h3|1 ?�798;:=<P8 3�1'5 ,�,/A!,/? 5 b c { 5 *-,/? 5 *-,W.^,�:�L 3�5

�_&

,/� 143�5 H ?-8 5 *-,/.|,/A!,W? 5 798;? 5 H 1 ? 1 ?-� 3 L�NY,WA!,/? 5 bdc'� kW%|� ]�7 H >479L�> H 501 ?-� 5 *�,�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�8KB 1 ?PQ 1��A 1 Q_L H > H ?PQ�< H 1 .^) 143 ,�,/A!,/? 5h3 { G ; � <-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�7 H >[79L-> H 5^1 8;? 3 8KB�798;:�<Y8 3�1J5 ,�,WA!,/? 5�3 7 H ?�NP,.^,pQ_LP79,CQ 5 8V� "^"�� u < H 1 .^) 143 ,�,/A!,/? 5 <-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]�7 H >479L-> H 501 8;? 3 H ?PQ�� "�� 1 ?PQ 1 A 1 QL H >,/A!,/? 5 <�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�7 H >[79L-> H 5^1 8;? 3 %

� *-,�:=, 5 *-8Q|8KBg7 H >[79L-> H 5^1 ?-� 5 *-,�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] 5 * H 5 H ? 1 ?PQ 1 A 1 Q_L H >Z,/A!,/? 5 87/7@L-. 3�1[323�1 : 1 > H .5 8 5 *-, 3�1 ?-�Z>',6< H 5 *�7 H 3 ,+<�.^, 3 ,/? 5 ,CQ 1 ?=�!,C7 501 8Z?�� %��_%��_%�� Z,/?-,/. 1 7 5 )68|< H 5 *�:=8Q_,W> 143 <-.0, 3 ,W? 51 ?�� 1 �;L-.0, $_%F�%�� ,M8ZN 3 ,/.0A!, 5 *-,|B~8;>J>'8C) 1 ?��-�

Path i

Path j

M stages

Branch 1 Branch 2

Branch 3

......

......

......

( N - M ) stages

( N - M )t

t

stages

X X X

X X

XX

1,1 1,2 1,M

2,M+1 2, Nt

3,Nt3,M+1

� 1 �;L-.0, $%F� � � �;,/?-,W. 1 7 5 )68�< H 5 *O:=8Q,/>�L 3 ,CQ 5 8�7 H >479L�> H 5 , 5 *-,�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�8KB�< H 1 .^) 143 ,,/A!,/? 5h3 %�� 14365 *�,s?L-:�NP,/.�8KB 3�5 H �Z, 3+5 * H 5 H < H 5 *�N-. H ?P7�*�, 361 ? 5 8 5 )68�< H 5 * 3

&;% � *-, 3�1 ?-�;>J,6< H 5 *�7 H 3 , 1[3 H 3 <P,C7 1 H >�7 H 3 ,68KB 5 *-, H NY8CA!,I�;,/?-,W. 1 7�:=8Q,/> { )+*-,/.0, � � �|¡l%

G % � *-,�7 H 3 ,�8KB 5 )68 1 ?gQ_,/<P,/?PQ_,W? 5 < H 5 * 3s143 H > 3 8 H 3 <Y,p7 1 H >�7 H 3 ,¢8CB 5 *-, H NP8CA!,��;,/?-,W. 1 7:=8Q,/> { )+*-,/.0, � �¤£%

�-8;. 5 *-,�7 H 3 ,�8CB 5 )I8 1 ?PQ,/<P,/?PQ_,/? 5 < H 5 * 3 { 5 *-,�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]=8KB H < H 1 .^) 1[3 ,�,/A!,/? 5 798;L->[Q� G

NP, 3�1 :�<-> 1 zP,CQ 5 8 5 *-,M<-.08Q_LP7 5 8KB 5 *-,M<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'501 , 3 8CB 5 )68 3�1 ?-�Z>',M< H 5 *V,WA!,/? 5�3 �

` "�bic � bak@ �� ` "�bic4 2¥ ` "lbak@ "�$% G £(

�-8;. 5 *-,�7 H 3 ,�8KB 5 )68�Q,/<P,/?PQ_,/? 5 < H 5 * 3 { 1 % , %'{ 5 *�8 3 , 5 * H 5 * H A!, }�¦ 7h* 1 < 3a1 ?�798;:�:=8;? {5 *�,|.^,C7@, 1 A!,CQ 3�1 �;? H > 3 H :�<->', 3 H .^,M:�L-> 501 <-> 1 ,CQsN] 5 *-,§798Q_,|A H >JL-,|,/?g798Q_,CQ 1 ? 5 *�,M798Q_, 5 .^,/,?-8Q_, { )+* 1 7h* 143 , 1J5 *-,/. & 8Z. � &Z{ 5 *-,/.0,9B~8;.0, 5 *-, 3�1 �;? H > 3 H :�<->', 3�1 ?�N-. H ?P79, G H ?PQ � 3 H 5^143 B~]��

�@Ý � cx�©¨�c-¥ � u^� c B~8;.vª � � 7¤&Zt/w/w/wWt9� ¡ "�$% G &K

)+*-,/.0, ¨�c 143 H 798Z? 3�5 H ? 5 {�¨�c � "^«�&Zt/&K �% � *-,�< H 1 .^) 1[3 ,�,/A!,/? 5h3 8KB+< H 5 *¬ª H ?gQ< H 5 *�® H .0,: H 5 *-,/: H 5^1 7 H >J>¯]�,/�<-.^, 3^3 ,pQ H 3 B~8Z>'>J8K) 3 �

U H 3 , & ��< H 5 *�ª H ?PQ�< H 5 *=® H .^,MNP8 5 *�Q_, 5 ,p7 5 ,CQ

` cJr�� k0r Z ` " 7 H 3 , &° � ` " 7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± r 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* &; 7 ` " 7�*�8!8 3 ,�± r 1 ?�N-. H ?P7�* G H ?PQ�7�*�8!8 3 ,�± r 1 ?�N-. H ?P7�* �= � ` " nC²#Å � r " ;� c � r � r�� c�³ b Å q #

" nyµ´#Å � ² D r "

Å� c � r � u�� c ³ b Å q � nyµ´#Å � ² D r "

Å�c � r ¨�c � u�� c ³ b Å q ^ "�$% GZG

� *-,�U H 3 , G ��< H 5 *�ª 1[3 Q_, 5 ,p7 5 ,CQ�)+* 1 >J,|< H 5 *=® 143 ?-8 5 Q_, 5 ,C7 5 ,CQ

` c'r�� k�¶ Z ` " 7 H 3 , G � ` " 7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± r 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* G H ?PQV7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± ¶ 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* �· � ` " n

yµ´#Å � ² D r "

Å�c � r � u^� c ³ b Å q � n yµ´#Å � ² D r "

Å�c � r ¨�c � u^� c i¹¸ Å q "�$% G �(

�;�

U H 3 , � ��< H 5 *�ª 143 ?-8 5 Q_, 5 ,C7 5 ,CQ¢)+* 1 >',|< H 5 *�® 143 Q_, 5 ,C7 5 ,CQ` cF¶h� k^r Z ` " 7 H 3 , �=

� ` " 7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± ¶ 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* G H ?PQV7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± r 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* �· � ` " n

y ´#Å � ² D r "

Å�c � r � u^� c iº¸ Å q � n y ´#Å � ² D r "

Å� c � r ¨�c � u^� c ³ b Å q "�$% G �

U H 3 ,�� ?-, 1J5 *-,W.6< H 5 *�ª�?-8Z.+< H 5 *=® 143 Q_, 5 ,C7 5 ,CQ` cF¶h� kl¶ Z ` " 7 H 3 ,��

� ` " 7�*�8!8 3 ,�± ¶ 1 ?�N-. H ?P7�* &K 7 ` " 7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± ¶ 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* G H ?gQV7h*-8!8 3 ,¢± ¶ 1 ?�N-. H ?P7h* �= � ` " n ²#Å � r "+;�c � r � r�� c i¹¸ Å q #

" ny ´#Å � ² D r "

Å� c � r � u^� c i¹¸ Å q � ny ´#Å � ² D r "

Å�c � r ¨�c � u^� c i¹¸ Å q 0 "�$% G $(

� *-,d7 H >479L-> H 501 8;?�8CB 5 *-, H NY8CA!,+< H 1 .0) 143 ,I,/A!,/? 5h321 ?A!8;>JA!, 3�5 *-, � ¡ Q 1 :=,W? 3�1 8;? 1 ? 5 ,/�Z. H 5^1 8Z?8KB � ¡ Q 1 :=,/? 3�1 8Z?+»^8 1 ? 5 <-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�Q,/? 3�1J5 ]sB~L-?P7 5^1 8Z?¢8CA!,/. H ? � ¡ Q 1 :=,/? 3�1 8;? H >-<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]3 < H 79, % �-L-. 5 *-,W.^:=8Z.^, { H > 5 *-8ZL-�;* 5 *-,�»^8 1 ? 5 <µQ(B�8CB�. H ?PQ_8Z: 3 H :=<->J, 3 ,C¼!L-,/?P79,½798;L�>4Q¾NP,Q_,C7@8;:=<P8 3 ,CQ 5 8 5 *�,+:¢L-> 5^1 <-> 1 7 H 5^1 8Z?|8KBµ<µQ(Bµ8KBµ, H 7�*�. H ?PQ8;: 3 H :=<�>', 3�1 ?P79, 5 *-, 1 ?gQ_,/<P,/?PQ_,W? 5<-.08;<P,/. 5 ]=*�8;>4Q 3 { 1'5 7 H ?V* H .hQ_>J]=NP,�Q_,C7@8;:=<P8 3 ,CQ 5 8�:¢L�> 5^1 <->',+8Z?-,�Q 1 :=,/? 3�1 8Z? H >µ<µQ(B�.^,W� 1 8Z?NP,C7 H L 3 , � *-,�<�Q!B 3 < H 79,�8KB 1 ? 5 ,/.0, 3�5|1[3 798Z? 3�5 . H 1 ?-,CQ�N_]�7@8;:=<-> 1 7 H 5 ,CQ=L-? 1 8;? { 1 ? 5 ,/. 3 ,C7 501 8;?H ?gQ¿A H . 1 H N�>',M>',/?�� 5 * 3 L-:=: H 5^1 8Z?¢8Z<P,/. H 5^1 8Z? 3 8KB�.0,C79, 1 A!,CQ 3 H :=<�>', 3 % � *-,/.0,9B~8;.0, { >J8C)6,/. H ?PQL-<-<P,/.v> 1 : 1'5 ,W. 3 8CBI, H 7h* 1 ? 5 ,/�Z. H > 1[3 Q 1�À 79L-> 5+5 8�Q, 5 ,/.0: 1 ?�, % D ? H Q-Q 1'5^1 8;? { 5 *-,�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]7h* H ?-�Z, 3 H 3 798Z? 3�5 H ? 5h3 A H >'L-, ¨ c A H .^]�B~8;.dQ 1[3�5^1 ?P7 5 < H 5 *�< H 1 . 3 % �-8Z. 1 ? 3�5 H ?P79, {

` "�Á@Â �;Ã &K Ä� � w/w/w � «ÆÅ6ÇÈ Ç � « A È� Ç �@É �°õ �ËÊ}� È ¯ ¯ ÅiÌ Å6Í ´È Ç Ç ¥¦� « A È� Ç �WÉ ü õ �ËÊ}� È ¯ÆÎ j Ì ÅIÍ ´È Ç Ç ¥¦� « A È� Ç �CÏ � É ü õ �ËÐ � È ¯FÎ ¯� �

Ñ�" � r��Òr@t/w/wWw � r��²t � u��

² D r@tWw/w/w@t � u^� y�´� �Ó � r��Òrµw/w/w�Ó � r�� ² Ó � u^� ² D r�t/w/w/w/t�Ó � u�� yµ´� � w/w/w � « Å6ÇÈ Ç � « A È� Ç � É �°õ �ËÔ}� È ¯ ¯ Å Ì Å6Í ´È Ç Ç ¥¦� « A È� Ç � É ü õ �ËÔ}� È ¯ÆÎ j Ì ÅIÍ ´È Ç Ç ¥¦� « A È� Ç � Ï � É ü õ �ËÐ � È ¯FÎ ¯Ñ�" � r��Òrh Pw/wWw^Ñ�" � r��² �Ñ�" � u^�

² D rh ht/wWw/w9t�Ñ�" � u^� yµ´� �Ó � r��Òrµw/wWw^Ó � r�� ² Ó � u^� ² D r@t/w/w/w@thÓ � u^� yµ´"�$% GZÕ

� > 5 ,/.^? H 5^1 A!,/>'] { )6,dL 3 , 5 *-,vÖV8;? 5 ,MU H .0>'8 H <�<-.^8 H 7h* 5 8�8;N 5 H 1 ? 5 *�, H NY8CA!,d<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5^1 , 3 %� ] 1 ? 3 ,/. 5^1 ?-� H >'> 5 *-,M< H 1 .0) 143 , H ?PQ 1 ?PQ 1 A 1 Q_L H >2<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'501 , 361 ? 5 8 "l$_%J&/�( H ?gQ "�$_%J&/�! h{ H ?PQ1 ? 3 ,/. 5^1 ?�� "l$_% E h{|"l$_%J&/�( 1 ? 5 8 "�$%F�! h{ )6,�8;N 5 H 1 ?-,CQ 5 *-,�L-<-<P,/.=NP8;L�?PQ¾8KB�� ¦|× H 5 ×i�|ØMÙ798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��¿8ZL 5 <�L 5 H ?PQ 5 *-,�798Z.^.0, 3 <P8;?gQ 1 ?-��>'8C)I,/.�NP8;L�?PQÚ8CB 3�1 �;? H >d798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��¿>J8 303 A 1 H"�$%'&W£( h%

O=ÛLK MoÜ|Ý�Þ!ß�Ý�à á°â�ã�Üåäæâ�á�ç/èVé�êCéìë�Þ�íæäÄî ï íÄÜsã�ÜsêWð�Ü|Ý¤ñòê9ó�ô

õ ô�á�â�â�Üsçöï÷é2ó�êCà ásó�êWë¢â

ødù~ú|ù0û ü+ý^þdÿ��ý��oü� ��D ? 5 * 1[3|3 ,p7 5^1 8;?�)6,�,W� 5 ,/?PQ_,CQ 5 *-,�<P,/.�B~8;.0: H ?P7@,�,/A H >JL H 501 8Z? 5 8�<-. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×i�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/.H 303 L-: 1 ?-� 5 *�,S:�L-> 501 < H 5 * 7�* H ?-?-,/>vR_?-8C)+>J,CQ_�;, 143 ?-8 5 H A H 1 > H N�>', H 5�5 *-,�.0,C79, 1 A!,/. % � *-,,/� 5 ,/? 5^1 8;? 143 N H 3 ,CQ=8;? 5 )68 5 ]<P, 3 8CB ×i�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W. 3 Q_, 3 79. 1 NP,CQ 1 ?V�!,C7 501 8Z?=� % E { 1 % , { �-L->J> ��!, H .h7h*�Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W. H ?gQ�Ö�� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. % � *-,�<-. H 7 501 7 H > ×i�|ØMÙ.^,p79, 1 A!,W. 3 ,/:=<->J8C]�7�* H ?-?-,/>2, 3�5^1 : H 501 8Z? %

D ?¿<�. H 7 5^1 7 H >2�-L->J> � �!, H .h7h* � Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C7@, 1 A!,/. 3 { H >J> 5 *-,M:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *=798Z:=<P8;?-,W? 5�3 H .0,�;$

Q_, 5 ,C7 5 ,CQ�N_]�,W�_* H L 3�501 A!, 3 , H .�7�* % � ,C7 H L 3 , 5 *-,|7h* H ?-?-,/> 3�5 H 5 , 1 ?_B~8;.0: H 501 8;? 1[3 ?-8 5 H A H 1 > H N->',H 5�5 *-,�.^,C79, 1 A!,/. { 7�* H ?-?-,W>6, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;? 1[3 H <�.^,/.0,C¼(L 143�1J5 ,�NP,9B~8;.0, ×i�vØsÙ 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-� % � *-,7h* H ?-?�,/> 5 H <=)I, 1 �Z* 5�3 798ZL->4Q¢NP,M, 3�5^1 : H 5 ,pQ�N_] 5 *-, 1 ? 3�5 H ? 5 H ?-,/8ZL 3i3 8KB 5�� Q_,p7 143�1 8;? H :=<-> 1'5 LPQ_,3�5 H 50143�501 7 3 8CB 5 *�,s.0,C79, 1 A!,CQ 3�1 �Z? H > H 5i5 *-,M: H 5 7�*�,CQ�zg> 5 ,W.+8;L 5 <-L 5 %

��Pc kI� &� ��! r#" "%$2 2¥i¨�cl"%$=«'&hc k@ "�$% G!E

)+*-,/.0, " "%$x 143 .0,C79, 1 A!,CQ 3�1 �;? H > 3M3 H :=<->J,CQ H 5 $·¥)(+* H ?gQ ¨�cl"%$�«,&hc k/ 143d5 *-,�7h* 1 <�A H >'L�,�8KB}�¦ 7@8Q_,¢8CB+L 3 ,/.Mª H B 5 ,/. &hc k 7�* 1 < 3 7 1 .h79L�> H . 3 * 1 B 5h3 % � *-, H A!,/. H �Z,=� ¦|× H 5M5 *-,�8;L 5 <-L 5 8KB<-. H 7 501 7 H >��gL�>'> � �!, H .h7h*�Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W. 1[3 7 H >[79L-> H 5 ,pQ H 3 �

-��.�+/10324/ ²65 Ï �

&�7�c r

8�k r �-��. c'� k "�$% G �(

)+*-,/.0, 3�1 �Z? H > ��5 8 � ?-8 1[3 ,�. H 501 8�8KB < H 5 *=®�8KB�L 3 ,/.dª 143 , 3�5^1 : H 5 ,CQ¢N]��-��9.+c'� k��;: " ��Yc k u +, 3�501 : H 5^1 8;?ö,/.^.08;. 143 ¼!L H ? 501 zP,CQON] 5 *-, 3�1 �;? H >v798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3 8KB 5 *-,<-. H 7 501 7 H >-�-L->J> � �!, H .�7�* "l} � �� Ö × U �×d�|ØMÙ .^,C7@, 1 A!,/.µ)+*-,/?�798;:=< H .^,pQ 5 8 5 *-,��gL�>'> � �!, H .h7h* �Ö × U " �� Ö × U I×d�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. %

=�+/10>2?/ ²@5 Ï �A-��9. 0324/ ²65 Ï «B-��. �+/10324/ ²65 Ï "�$%F�Z£(

� 1 : 1 > H .^>J] { 1 ? 5 *-,�<-. H 7 501 7 H >dÖ�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. { 5 *�,¿, 3�5^1 : H 5 ,CQ 3�1 �;? H > �l5 8 �?-8 143 ,�. H 501 8 H ?PQ<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�8KB�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8Z?V8KBI< H 5 *�®�8KB�L 3 ,/.§ª H .0,�L 3 ,pQ 5 8�7 H >479L�> H 5 , 5 *-,H A!,/. H �;,�� ¦|× H B 5 ,W.+: H � 1 : H >-. H 5^1 8�798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-� " Ö × U H 5i5 *-, ×i�vØsÙ .^,C7@, 1 A!,/.�8ZL 5 <-L 5 %

-��.�+/ ²6CED / ²65 Ï �

&�

7� c r8�k r �-��. c'� k ¥ `GF�HJI K "�$%F�&K

� Õ

� *-, 3�1 �Z? H >�7@8;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 303 8CB } � Ö�� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. { = �L/ ²6CED / ²@5 Ï { 798ZL->4Q=NP,8;N 5 H 1 ?-,CQ�N_]µ�

=�+/ ²6CED / ²65 Ï �A-��9. 0324/ ²65 Ï «B-��. �+/ ²6CED / ²65 Ï "�$%F� G

ødù~ú|ù%M NPOQ�R��þS�-ý��aþT��;U V)�W��ý�X ��Y��ý�� ü� �Z�� üQ[\��þS�E]Pý��D ? 3�5 , H Q�8KB�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 ?-� 5 *-,�:�L-> 501 < H 5 * 3�1 �Z? H > 3a1 ?V8;?�,�< 1 >J8 5d3 ]:�NY8Z>�Q_L-. H 5^1 8;? { )6,�7 H ? H > 3 8,/� 5 ,/?gQ 5 *-,�8ZN 3 ,/.0A H 5^1 8;? ) 1 ?PQ_8C) 5 8ö:�L-> 501 <->J,¿< 1 >'8 5�3 ]:�NY8Z>i<P,/. 1 8Q 3 % � *-,S: H � 1 :�L-:?L-:¢NP,/.d8KB 3�5 H �;, 3 8KB 5 *-, 5 .0,/, ��3�5 .^LP7 5 L-.^,pQ 3 ,C¼!L-,/? 5^1 H >�*_]<P8 5 *�, 3 , 3M5 , 3�5 ) 1 >J>�NP,¢,W� 5 ,/?PQ_,CQ5 8 � ^�¥6� 3�5 H �;, 3 { )+*-,/.0, �_^ 143|5 *-,¢?L-:�NP,/.|8KB�< 1 >J8 5�3 ]:�NY8Z> 3 8Z.�8ZN 3 ,/.0A H 5^1 8;?O) 1 ?PQ_8C)3�1a` , % � *-,/.^,@B~8;.^, { 5 *-, 5 .0L-?P7 H 5^1 8;? 3�5 H �;, 143 H > 3 8�,/� 5 ,/?gQ_,CQ H 3 �

� ¡ � : 1 ?3b �� ¡ tc�ì¥i�_^ed b $%F�Z�fd)+*-,/.0, �� ¡�143 7 H >479L-> H 5 ,CQ¢N]�b �%'& Õ dh%

� 3 H ? 1 >J>'L 3�5 . H 5^1 8;? { 5 *�, 3 ] 3�5 ,W: :=,/? 5^1 8Z?-,CQ 1 ?=�!,C7 5^1 8Z?¢� %F$% G 143 L 3 ,CQ % � *�,i8ZN 3 ,/.0A H 5^1 8;?) 1 ?gQ_8C) 143 ,/� 5 ,/?PQ,CQ 5 8 G 3 ]:¢NP8Z> 3�1 ? 5 ,/.0A H > H ?PQö, H 7h*¤7@8Q_,/)68Z.hQ¾* H 3°5 *-,V>J,/?-� 5 *¾8CB G<P,/. 1 8Q 3 8KB }�¦ 798Q_, % � *-,§798Q_,MNP8!8;R ¨ 1 ?V�!,C7 501 8Z?=� %�$_% G 1[3 ,/� 5 ,W?PQ_,CQ¢8CA!,/. 5 )68 }�¦ 7@8Q_,

� E

<P,/. 1 8Q 3 H 3 �

798Q_,�NP8!8ZR ¨

ghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhi

& «�& «�& & & «�& «�& &«�& «�& & & «�& «�& & &«�& & & «�& «�& & & «�&& & «�& «�& & & «�& «�&& «�& & «�& & «�& & «�&«�& & «�& & «�& & «�& &

jlkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkm

b $%F� � d

� *-,�.^,p79, 1 A!,pQ¿N H 3 ,/N H ?PQ 3�1 �Z? H > 1 ?�L-<-> 1 ?-R�) 1 Q_,WN H ?PQSU T Ö � 7�* H ?-?-,/> 1 ?O�!,C7 5^1 8Z?�� %��143 :=8Q 1 zP,CQ 1 ?�:¢L�> 5^1 <->',dN 1J5h3d3 79,/? H . 1 8 { )+*-,/.0, 5 *�, 3 *�8;. 5§3 <-.0, H Q 1 ?-��798Q, 3 .^,W<Y, H 5v3 ,/A!,/. H >5^1 :=, 1 ? 5 *-,+8;N 3 ,/.^A H 5^1 8Z?¢) 1 ?PQ_8C) % � *�,d7�* 1 < � . H 5 , 3 H :=<->',pQ§N H 3 ,WN H ?PQ�Q 143 79.^, 5 , �l5^1 :�, 3�1 �;? H >H 5d5 *�,s.0,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?-<-L 5d143 �

" b%n ¥S�po'$\d�� 7�q r8� r r � q

r Ó1shÁ q b $=«'& q r d\out b%n ¥S�,o'$\d b $%F�Z$fd)+*-,/.0,vn �o&;tWw/w/w/t9�_^

� *-,v7�* H ?-?-,/> 5 H <�)6, 1 �;* 5h3 798ZL->4Q�NP,i, 3�5^1 : H 5 ,CQ�N] 3�1 :=<-> 1 zP,CQ � ÖS� � 7h* H ?-?�,/>-, 3�5^1 : H �5^1 8;?=zP> 5 ,/.+) 1J5 * 5 *-,M< H . H :=, 5 ,W. 3 �Sw ³ &Zt9�ò�& H ?PQ � ¶ �o& �

x�Yc k6� &�_^

yLy�s r&� ��! r#" b%n ¥z�pou${d0¨�c b $=«'&hc k|d b $%F� Õ d

)+*-,/.0, x�Yc k 14365 *-,M, 3�501 : H 5 ,CQ�7h* H ?-?�,/> 5 H <V)6, 1 �;* 5 8CB�< H 5 *�®=8KB L 3 ,W.|ª %� 3^3 L-:=, 5 * H 5�5 *-,�:¢L-> 5^1 <->', H 7/79, 303°1 ? 5 ,/.�B~,/.0,/?P79,}b�Ö � D d H ?PQ 1 ? 5 ,W.^< H 5 * 1 ? 5 ,/.�B~,/.^,W?P79,

b D } D d H .^,�:¢LP7h* 3 : H >'>J,/. 5 * H ? 5 *�, ��~v¦�{ 5 *�,=?-8 1[3 ,��g8!8;.�798ZL->4QSNP,=.0,CQ_LP7@, 5 8;�c�y+y N]H A!,/. H � 1 ?-� 5 *-,�N 1'5 Q_,C7 1[3�1 8Z? 3�5 H 5^143�5^1 7 3 H B 5 ,/. 3�1 �;? H >6Q, 3 <-.0, H Q 1 ?-� % � *-,�� ¦|× 8CB+L 3 ,/.�ª H 5

�;�

5 *�,s8ZL 5 <�L 5 8KB } � Ö�� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W.�N_]�:¢L-> 5^1 <->',IN 1'5�36143 8;N 5 H 1 ?-,CQ=N] H <-<->'] 1 ?��7h* H ?-?�,/> 5 H <V)I, 1 �Z* 5�3 , 3�501 : H 5 , 3�1 ?�b $_%�� Õ d 5 8�b $% G �fd b $_%��_&�dh%

D ? H <-. H 7 5^1 7 H >vÖ�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. { 5 *-,�798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 143 798Z:=<P8 3 ,CQÚ8CB 5 )I8< H . 5h3 %9� ?-,�< H . 5�1[3§1 ? 5 .^8Q_Lg79,CQ�N_]½798Q_, H 7/¼(L 143�1J5^1 8;?�)+* 1 >', H ?�8 5 *�,/.�< H . 5M143|1 ? 5 .^8Q_LP7@,CQN]�7h* H ?-?�,/>�, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;? % D ? 5 *-, 3 ] 3�5 ,/:ÄQ, 3 79. 1 NP,CQ 1 ?Ú�!,p7 5^1 8;?�� %��_{ 5 *�,/.^,�,/� 143�5h3 B~8ZL-.M.^, �3 8Z>'A H N�>',d:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 3 <P,/.�L 3 ,/. H ?PQ�:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 3�3 <-.^, H Q 3 8KA!,W. G $ Õ 7h* 1 < 3 % U�8Q_, H 7/¼!L 143�1'501 8;?1 ? 5 .08Q_LP79,pQ G $ Õ 798Q_,�: H 5 7�*�,CQ·zP> 5 ,/. 1 ?-� 3 )+* 1 >', 5 *�,=798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 1 ? 5 .^8Q_LP7@,CQN]�7h* H ?-?-,/>, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;? 143 �M798Q,6: H 5 7h*-,CQizP> 5 ,/. 1 ?-� 3 { )+* 1 7h* 143 >', 3^325 * H ? G�� 8KB 798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ]d798;? 3 L-:=,CQN]�798Q_, H 7W¼(L 1[3�1J5^1 8Z? % � *-,/.^,@B~8;.^, { 5 *-,�798Z:=<->',W� 1J5 ] 1 ? 5 .08Q_LP79,pQVN_]½7�* H ?-?-,/> , 3�501 : H 5^1 8Z? 1[3?-,/�Z> 1 � 1 N�>', % �i,/.0, { )6,|)I8;L->[Q¢,/�<P,C7 565 * H 5I5 *-,§798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 8KB 5 *�,|<-. H 7 5^1 7 H >µÖ�� Ö × U ×i�vØsÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?¢:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�7�* H ?-?-,/> 3�143 H >':=8 3�5�5 *-, 3 H :=, H 3�5 * H 5 8KBxÖ�� Ö × U×d�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W.�<�.^,CQ 1 7 5 ,pQ 1 ?��!,C7 5^1 8Z? $_% G %

�=Û�� ï��OÜvÝ�êCà ÜMâ¢ó á°ç¬íÄÜsé��ç9ó�é �Z� ��ç@ó�ê!��ásó�ô õ á�é�Ü �

ødù�ødù0û NPOSXv�{]Pý��\þ��R��üQ�{�3VSXD ? 5 *-,MB~8;>'>J8C) 1 ?-��,/�<Y,W. 1 :�,/? 5�3 { 5 *-, 3 H :=,M) 1 Q_,/N H ?PQU T Ö � 798Z:=:�L-? 1 7 H 5^1 8;? 3�3 ] 3�5 ,/: 1 ?�!,C7 5^1 8Z?¾� %F�_%J& H ?PQ¾:�L-> 501 < H 5 *ì7h* H ?-?�,/>i:�8Q_,/> 1 ? �!,C7 5^1 8Z? $%'& H .^,�L 3 ,CQ %o� ,½798;? 3�1 Q_,W.H 7�* 1 < ��3 ]?P7�*�.^8;?�8;L 3 :�L-> 501 < H 5 *ö7h* H ?-?-,/> { )+*-,/.^, 5 *-,�7�* 1 <öNY8ZL-?PQ H .^] 143 H 3^3 L-:=,CQ 5 8�NP,R?-8C)+? H 5�5 *-,+.^,p79, 1 A!,W. % ÖV8Z.^,/8CA!,/. { 5 *-,dQ_,/> H ]�8KB , H 7h*�:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *�798;:=<P8Z?-,/? 5�143 L�? 1 B~8Z.^:=>J]Q 1[3�5 . 1 N-L 5 ,CQ¤8CA!,/.�n £t G $ ÕKq 7�* 1 < 3 % � *-,/.0,9B~8;.0, { 5 *-,O.^8!8 5 :=, H ? 3 ¼!L H .^,pb × ÖS� d A H >JL-,�8KB

�;�

. H ?PQ_8Z: Q,/> H ]ö798ZL->4QöNP,�7 H >479L-> H 5 ,CQON_]pb $_% G dh% � 3 H .^, 3 L-> 5 { <�� E �_w Õ 7h* 1 < 3 % D ?on GCq {8;L 5 Q_8!8Z.|:=, H 3 L-.0,/:=,/? 5�3 8CB H ) 1 Q_,/N H ?PQU T Ö � 7�* H ?-?-,W>2Q_,/:�8;? 3�5 . H 5 , 365 * H 5 H 3 : H ?] H 35 *�.^,/,=.0, 3 8Z>'A H N�>',�:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *O7@8;:=<P8;?�,/? 5�3 NP, 3�1 Q_, 3�5 *-, 3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5 :¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *O798Z:=<P8;?-,W? 5,/� 143�5 H ?PQ 5 *-, 3�1 �Z? H >I<P8K)I,/. 3 8CB 5 *-, 3 ,C798Z?PQ { 5 * 1 .�Q H ?PQSB~8ZL-. 5 * 3�5 .^8;?��;, 3�5 < H 5 * 3 H .0,¿8Z?H A!,/. H �;, «v$;Ó ¸ {�« Õ Ó ¸ H ?gQ « E Ó ¸ NP,/>J8C) 5 *-, 3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5 :¢L 501 < H 5 * 798;:=<P8Z?-,/? 5 % � *-,,/�<P8;?-,/? 5^1 H >J>']�Q_,C7 H ] 1 ?-��:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 1 ? 5 ,/? 3�1J5 ]¢<-.08KzP>J,�b�Ö D }�d � 1 A!,/?�N_]�b $%'&�d 1[3 H <-<-> 1 ,CQ 5 87 H >479L-> H 5 ,CQ 5 *�,M798;.0.^, 3 <P8;?PQ 1 ?-��:=, H ?¢8CB�. H ?PQ8;: 5 ,/:=<P8;. H >2Q,/> H ]�8KB , H 7�*=< H 5 * H 7/798;.�Q 1 ?��5 8 1'5�3 .0,/> H 5^1 A!, H A!,W. H �Z, 3�1 �;? H > �l5 8 � ?-8 143 ,=. H 5^1 8 % � *�,�7 H >[79L-> H 5 ,pQV.^, 3 L-> 5�143 > 1[3�5 ,pQ 1 ? � H N->J,$_% G % �-8Z. 5 *-, 3�1 :=<-> 1 7 1J5 ]�8KB�,/A H >JL H 501 ?-��.^,p79, 1 A!,W.+<Y,W.�B~8;.0: H ?g79, { )6,�L 3 , 5 *-,�Q_, 5 ,/.^: 1 ? 143�5^1 7

} H 5 * � :=<�> 1'5 LPQ_, T ,/> H ] 3 <-.0, H Q 1 ?�7h* 1 < 3& 3�5 £_%�£ Q � £G ?PQ � $_%F£ Q � E �� .hQ � Õ %F£ Q � � E� 5 * � E %F£ Q � � �

� H N->J, $_% G ��ÖVL-> 5^1 < H 5 *�Q_,/> H ]�<-.^8CzP>',|8ZN 5 H 1 ?-,pQ°B~.^8Z:å) 1 Q_,/N H ?PQ¿U T Ö � :�, H 3 L-.^,/:�,/? 5h3 n G/q

:�L-> 501 < H 5 * 1 ? 5 ,/? 3�1'5 ]�<-.^8CzP>', %

�i,/.0, { )6,v798;?P7@,/? 5 . H 5 ,CQ�8;?=.0,C79, 1 A!,/. 5 *-.0, 3 *-8Z>4Q 3 Q_, 3�1 �;?�� G 1 ?��!,C7 5^1 8Z?¢� %F�% G { 1 % , { :=8Q �,/. H 5 ,§798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] H ?PQ=<Y,W.�B~8;.0: H ?g79,+)+*-,/.0, 5 *-,v?-8;: 1 ? H >�<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]�8CB�: 143^3 ,CQ�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?`²� £_w�£;£_&Z% D ? H 7 5 L H >�) 1 Q_,/N H ?PQSU T Ö � 3 ] 3�5 ,/: 3 { .0,C79, 1 A!,/.+* H 3 ?-8�R?-8C)+>',CQ�;,�8KB 5 *-,

� ¦|× 8CB�, H 7h* 5 . H ? 3 : 1'5^5 ,CQ 3�1 �;? H > % � *-,W.^,9B~8Z.^, { 5 *�,|*_]<P8 5 *-, 3�1[3�5 , 3�5^1 ?�� 5 *�.^, 3 *-8;>[Q 3 7 H ?=?-8 5NP,�Q_, 3�1 �Z?-,CQ 5 8¢8Z< 5^1 : H >J>']�Q_, 5 ,p7 5 H >'> 5 *-,�L 3 ,/. 3�1 �;? H > 3+1 ? 5 *-, 3 ] 3�5 ,/: % �i,W.^,M)6,�798;? 3�1 Q_,W.

&/£Z£

5 )68�.^,C7@, 1 A!,/.IQ_, 3�1 �Z? 3 �I>'8C)÷� ¦|× .^,C79, 1 A!,/.�Q_, 3�1 �;? H ?PQ�* 1 �Z*S� ¦|× .0,C79, 1 A!,/.IQ_, 3�1 �;? % D ?�>'8C)� ¦|× .0,C79, 1 A!,/.�Q_, 3�1 �Z? { 5 *-,vQ_,C7 1[3�1 8;? 5 *�.^, 3 *-8;>[Q 3 H .^,vQ_, 3�1 �;?-,pQ 5 8s8Z< 5^1 : H >J>']�Q_, 5 ,C7 5 H 3�1 �;? H >) 1'5 * «v$ Q � � ¦|× )+* 1 >', 1 ?S* 1 �;*¾� ¦|× .^,C7@, 1 A!,/.dQ, 3�1 �;? { 5 *-,�Q_,C7 1[3�1 8;? 5 *-.0, 3 8Z>4Q 3 H .^,�Q_, �3�1 �;?-,pQ 5 8=8Z< 5^1 : H >J>']�Q_, 5 ,C7 5 H * 1 �;*-,W.s� ¦v× 3�1 �Z? H >�8CB $ Q �|% � ¦v× ,W?_A 1 .08;?-:=,W? 5�3 . H ?-� 1 ?-�B~.^8Z: «�&W£ Q � 5 8 &/$ Q � ) 1J5 * 5 *�, 3�5 ,/< 3�1a` ,|8KB $ Q � H .^,�,/A H >'L H 5 ,pQ %

ødù�ødù%M ��Q��X_��\Odý%�4 üQ�\�dý^þdÿ�� *-, 3�5 , H Q_] ��3�5 H 5 ,d798;:=<�L 5 H 5^1 8Z?�798;:�<->',/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?�� 3 8CB 5 *�,6<-.08;<P8 3 ,CQ=798Q_, H 7/¼!L 143�1'5^1 8;? H > ��;8Z. 1J5 *-: 1 ?�) 1 Q,/N H ?gQ¿U T Ö � :¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *�7�* H ?-?-,W> 3�1[3 Q_, 5 ,/.0: 1 ?-,pQ�NY8 5 *�N_]�ÖV8;? 5 ,MU H .0>'83�1 :¢L�> H 501 8Z? H ?PQ�?_L-:�,/. 1 7 H >7 H >479L�> H 501 8Z? % ÖV8Z? 5 ,iU H .0>'8 3�1 :¢L�> H 501 8Z? 143 <Y,W.�B~8;.0:=,CQMN_]�798;L-? 5��1 ?�� 5 *�,|?_L�:¢NP,/.�8CB 5 , 3�5 ,CQ 5 .^,/,d?-8Q_, 3 )+*�,/?=:�L-> 501�� L 3 ,/. :¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 3�1 �Z? H > 3 H .0,|<-.^, 3 ,/? 5 H 55 *�,|.^,C7@, 1 A!,/. 1 ?-<-L 5 % � *-,/.0,9B~8;.0, { 5 *-,|�Z,/?-,/. H 5 ,pQ=Q 143 79.^, 5 , �l5^1 :=,iU T Ö � 3�1 �;? H > 1 ?-<-L 5I5 8 5 *-,.^,p79, 1 A!,W. 1 ?�8;?-, 3 ]:�NY8Z> 1 ? 5 ,/.^A H > 143 �

" b%� d��r~¶� c r��k r bdc'� k�¥d¨�c b�� «�&�cJ� k�d\o'$ b%� d b $%F� E d

)+*-,/.0, bic'� k 1[3�5 *�, H :=<-> 1'5 LgQ_,+8KB L 3 ,W.+ª H ?PQ=< H 5 *¢® { H ?PQ ¨�c b�� «�&�cJ� kcd 1[3�5 *-, }�¦ 798Q_,�7h* 1 <A H >JL-,M8KB�L 3 ,/.dª H B 5 ,/. H &�cJ� k 7 1 .�79L-> H . 3 * 1 B 5�3 H 5d5^1 :�, 1 ?PQ_,/�� %

� 8�A!,/. 1 B~] 5 *�,�ÖV8Z? 5 ,�U H .0>'8 3�1 :¢L-> H 501 8;?�.^, 3 L-> 5h3 { 5 *-,M?L-:=,/. 1 7 H > H ? H >'] 3�143 Q, 3 79. 1 NP,CQ 1 ?�!,C7 5^1 8Z? $% G 143 <P,/.�B~8;.0:=,CQ % U�8Q_, 5 .^,W, ( ¶ 143 zP. 3�5 798Z? 3�5 .^LP7 5 ,CQ H 7/798Z.hQ 1 ?-� 5 8�798Q_,�NY8!8ZR¨ ¶ ) 1J5 * 3�1�` ,�8CB G $ Õ £¢¥ G $ Õ { )+*-,W.^, G $ Õ <P8 3^3�1 N->', 3 * 1 B 5h3 8KB }�¦ 798Q, 3 8CB &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 H .0,3�5 8;.0,CQ % ÖVL-> 5^1 < H 5 *�798;:=<P8Z?-,/? 5h3 8CB &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 ) 1J5 *��¿< H 5 * 3 <P,/.ML 3 ,/. H .^, 3�5 8Z.^,CQ 1 ?�7@8Q_,NP8!8;R ¨+r ) 1'5 * 3�1�` ,�8KB�� £s¥ G $ Õ % U�8Q, 5 .^,/, (P¶ 1[3 > H NP,/>'>J,CQ H 7/798;.�Q 1 ?�� 5 8 ¨+r B~8;>J>'8C)6,CQVN]

&/£&

< H 5 *�79> H 3^3�1 zµ7 H 5^1 8Z? %�� B 5 ,/.�Q, 5 ,/.0: 1 ? 1 ?-� 5 *-, 5 . H ? 3�1'5^1 8;? 3�5 H �;,_�3b% d H ?PQ H 303�1 �;? 1 ?-� 5 *-,+< H 5 *1 Q,/? 501 zP,W. 1 ? 1 ?P79.^, H 3�1 ?-��8;.�Q_,/.M8KB)�¡b� d�{ )6,�> 1[3�5|5 *-,¢< H 5 *�79> H 3^3�1 zµ7 H 5^1 8Z?S.0, 3 L�> 5|1 ? � H N->J,$_%��_% � *-,�8CA!,/. H >'> 798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ]=8CB 5 *�,�.^,C79, 1 A!,/. 143i5 *-, 3 L-:=: H 5^1 8;?�8KB 5 *-,�798Z:=<->',W� 1J5^1 , 3 8KB, H 7�*�< H 5 * 5 ]<P, % �i,W.^, { )6, H > 3 8�� 1 A!, H Q_, 5 H 1 >J,CQ 3 L-:=: H .^]�8CB 5 *-, H ? H >'] 3�1[3 <-.0879,CQ_L�.^,!�

} H 5 * 5 ]<P,|> 5 . H ? 3�1J5^1 8Z? 3�5 H �;,�A+b~> d ?_L�:¢NP,/.I8KB < H 5 * 3& � �_&/�G $ �_&;&� Õ E &/$� E $;£;$$ � G � ÕÕ � &/� ÕE &W£ &/£ �� &Z& � Õ� & G �&&W£ &W� �&Z& & � �& G &W$ G

� H N->J, $%F� � } H 5 *½79> H 3^3�1 zµ7 H 5^1 8Z?V.0, 3 L-> 5 8KB 5 *-, 3�1 :¢L-> H 5 ,CQ°) 1 Q_,/N H ?PQU T Ö � 3 ] 3�5 ,/: 3 ) 1'5 *&/£ L 3 ,/. 3 H ?PQ=��< H 5 * 3 <Y,W.+L 3 ,/.

&;% D ? 1J5^1 H > 1a` H 501 8;? �|8;.^� H ? 1a` , 5 *-,=7@8Q_, 5 .0,/, ( ¶ H 7/798Z.hQ 1 ?-� 5 8�798Q_,�NY8!8ZR ¨ ¶ { 1 ? 1J5^1 H > 1a` ,*]_<P8 5 *-, 3�143M5 ]<P,¢A H >'L-, H ?PQ�< H 5 * 5 ]_<P,�A H >'L-,�) 1'5 * 1 ?�, H 7�* 5 .^,/,�?�8Q_, 5 8 £_{ )+* 1 7�*

&/£ G

798Z.^.0, 3 <P8;?gQ 3�5 8�± ¶ *]_<P8 5 *-, 3 , 3 > H NP,/> H ?PQ 5 *-,�< H 5 * 5 ]_<P,�) 1'5 * H >J>a± ¶ > H NY,W> 3 { .^, �3 <Y,p7 5^1 A!,/>'] %�~ ,/?�,/. H 5 ,�798Q_,�NP8!8ZR ¨+r )+* 1 7�*�798Z.^.0, 3 <P8;?gQ 3|5 8 5 *-,�:�L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 3�1 �;? H >H 5i5 *-,M.^,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?-<-L 5

G % � . H A!,/. 3 , 5 .0,/, (Y¶ H 7W798;.�Q 1 ?-� 5 8¬798Q_,�NP8!8;R ¨+r H ?gQÚ.^,W> H NP,/>+, H 7h* 5 .^,/,�?-8Q, 5 * H 53�1 �;? H >2< H 5 *V�Z8!, 3i5 *-.^8ZL-�;*�) 1'5 * 5 *-,M> H NP,/>�± r

�_% � . H A!,/. 3 ,�798Q_, 5 .0,/, (P¶ H 7/7@8;.hQ 1 ?-� 5 8�798Q_,WNY8!8ZR ¨�¶C% T , 5 ,/.0: 1 ?-, 5 *-, 3�5 H �Z,=)+*-,/.0,5 *-,|zP. 3�5 ± ¶ > H NY,W> H <-<P, H . 3 { �3b% dh% �-8Z.+< H 5 * 3 ) 1J5 * H >J>�± r > H NP,/> 3 { �3b% d��¢�,o &

� % U�> H 3^3�1 B~] H >'> 5 *-,M< H 5 * 3 H 7/798Z.hQ 1 ?-� 5 8 1 ?P7@.^, H 3�1 ?��8;.hQ,/.+8KB 5 . H ? 3�1J5^1 8Z? 3�5 H �;,£�¡b� d H ?PQH 3^3�1 �;?�< H 5 * 1 Q,/? 501 zP,W.� 2B~8;.d, H 7h*�< H 5 *

$_% � . H A!,/. 3 , 5 *-,�*]<Y8 5 *-, 3 , 3 > H NP,/>J>',CQ�798Q_, 5 .^,/, �( H ?PQ H Q-QV< H 5 * 5 ]_<P, 1 ?_B~8;.0: H 501 8Z?9 5 8 H >'>�± ¶ > H NP,/>J>',CQ 5 .^,W,|?-8Q_, 3

Õ % � . H A!,/. 3 , 5 *-, 5 .^,/, H ?gQ�B~8Z.^: 5 *-, 3 L�N 5 .0,/, ( r 8CB 798Q_, 5 .^,/, �( B~8Z.6< H 5 * 5 ]_<P,_ % U�8ZL-? 55 *-, 5 .0,/,|?-8Q,s8CB 3 L-N 5 .^,W, ( r 1 ? 5 .^,W,MQ_,/< 5 *=>',WA!,/>L¤ H ?PQ=.^,C7@8;.hQ 1'561 ?=: H 5 . 1 ��¥µnl q n¦¤ q

E % U H >479L-> H 5 , 5 *-,M<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]=8KB\798;? 5^1 ?_L 1 ?-� H 5|3�5 H �Z,§¤ 8KB�< H 5 * 5 ]<P,v H ?PQ�.^,C7@8;.hQ 1J51 ? " nl q n¦¤ q

�_% U H >479L-> H 5 , 3�5 , H Q_] ��3�5 H 5 ,�798Z:=<-L 5 H 501 8;?·798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] 1 ?�:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *=7h* H ?�?-,/> 3 N]�b $_%F$1d

ødù�ødù%¨ ü+ý�ÿaþ)��)��|ý^þdý^þdÿª©§��ÖV8;? 5 ,�U H .0>'8 3�1 :�L-> H 5^1 8Z?=8KB 3�1 �;? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 303i1 ?�:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *�7h* H ?-?�,/> 3+143 <P,/.�B~8Z.^:=,CQ8;? 5 *-,�.0,C79, 1 A!,CQ 3�1 �;? H >�b $%F� E d N]¤:=, H 3 L-. 1 ?-� 5 *-,�<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]ì8KB°Q_, 5 ,p7 5^1 8;?¾B~8;.�,/A!,/.0]

&/£Z�

3�1 �;? H >�< H 5 * 3 8CBI, H 7h*�L 3 ,W. % � 8=A!,/. 1 B~] 5 *-, 3�1 :¢L�> H 501 8Z?=.^, 3 L-> 5�3 { H ? H >J] 3�143i1[3 ?�,C79, 303 H .0] %|� 3,/�<-> H 1 ?-,pQS, H .0> 1 ,/. { NP,C7 H L 3 ,�798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ]V8KB 5 *�, H ? H >J] 3�143�143 ,/�<P8;?-,W? 501 H > 1 ? 5 *�,¿?L-:�NP,/.8KBIL 3 ,/. 3 H ?gQ.0, 3 8Z>'A H N->J,�:�L-> 501 < H 5 * 3 <P,/.|L 3 ,/. { )6,�798;? 3�1 Q_,W. H B~,W)6,/.dL 3 ,W. 3 H ?PQV< H 5 * 3 B~8Z.H ? H >'] 3�1[3 <-L-.0<Y8 3 , 3 %

�i,/.0, { )6, H <-<->']�8;L�. H ? H >'] 3�143 :=, 5 *-8Q 5 8 H U T Ö � 3 ] 3�5 ,/: ) 1'5 * � L 3 ,W. 3 H ?gQ·��< H 5 * 3<P,/.�L 3 ,/. % � *-,�:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *ì7�* H ?-?-,/>+<�.^8Kzg>', 1[3¢5 *�, 3 H :=, H 3¢5 * H 5 Q_, 3 7@. 1 NP,CQ 1 ?º�!,C7 501 8;?$_%�$_%J&;% � 1 ?P79, � � �_t9�©� � { 5 *-,/.^, H .0, H > 5 8;�;, 5 *-,/. G¬«® � � G rlu � � £Z� Õ »^8 1 ? 5 ,/A!,W? 5�3 %��N-. 1 ,9B Q_, 3 79. 1 < 501 8;?�8CB 5 *-, H ? H >J] 3�143 <-.0879,CQ_L-.0, 143 � 1 A!,/? H 3 B~8;>J>'8C) 3 �

&;% ~ ,/?-,W. H 5 ,d798Q_,dNP8!8;R ¨+r )+* 1 7�*�798Z.^.0, 3 <P8;?gQ 3�5 8 5 *-,+:�L-> 501 <->J,�L 3 ,W.�:�L-> 5^1 < H 5 * 3�1 �;? H >H 5i5 *-,M.^,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?-<-L 5

G % U�8ZL-? 5�5 *�,6?L-:¢NP,/.µ8KB 3�5 H �Z, 3 NP,9B~8;.0,6, H 7�*M<P8 303�1 N->',+< H 1 .�8KBP< H 5 * 3 Q 1 A!,W.^�;, H ?PQs.0,C798;.�Q1 ? H : H 5 . 1 � Ác$ n � ¥i� q n � ¥d� q

�_% U H >479L-> H 5 , 5 *-,�<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]O8KB�Q, 5 ,C7 5^1 8Z? H ?gQÚ: 1[3^3 ,pQOQ_, 5 ,C7 5^1 8;?ö8KB§, H 7h*ö< H 5 * H 3��3 L-: 1 ?�� 5 * H 5 ?-8�8 5 *-,/.+< H 5 * 3 H .0,s<�.^, 3 ,/? 5 N]=?L-:=,/. 1 7 H > 1 ? 5 ,W�;. H 5^1 8;? 3�1 : 1 > H . 5 8 5 *-,3�1 ?-�Z>',M< H 5 *�7 H 3 , H ?gQ¿.^,p798;.�Q 1 ? ` r n G ¥i� ¥i� q

� % U H >479L-> H 5 , 5 *-,�<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5^1 , 3 8KBd< H 1 .0) 143 ,¢,/A!,W? 5�3 H 7/798;.�Q 1 ?�� 5 8 5 *-,=7 H 3 ,�8KB 5 )68 1 ? �Q_,W<Y,W?PQ_,/? 5 < H 5 * H ?PQ 5 )68�Q,/<P,/?PQ_,/? 5 < H 5 * 3 % �-8;. 5 *�,�7 H 3 ,�8KB 1 ?PQ_,/<P,/?PQ,/? 5 < H 5 * 3 {` u n ª q n ® q � ` r n ª q ¥ ` r n ® q % �-8;.�Q_,/<P,/?PQ,/? 5 7 H 3 ,=8KBd< H 5 *ìª H ?PQO< H 5 *�® { )6,=L 3 , 5 *-,?L-:=,/. 1 7 H >�blÖV8;? 5 , � U H .0>'8 d H <�<-.^8 H 7h*¾Q, 3 79. 1 NP,CQ 1 ?¾� ,C7 5^1 8;? $_%��_% G % � *-,=<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1��501 , 3 8CB�< H 1 .^) 1[3 ,+,/A!,/? 5h3 H .^,d8;N 5 H 1 ?-,CQ�N_] &W£;£Z£_{F£Z£;£ 5 8 &W£_{�£;£;£{F£Z£;£ ÖV8;? 5 ,|U H .0>'8 5 . 1 H >

&/£ �

5 8 H 7h* 1 ,/A!, 5 *�,V7@8;?_zµQ,/?P79, 1 ? 5 ,/.^A H >68KBv>', 3^3�5 * H ? &/£ � 8CA!,/. 5 *-,=. H ?-�Z,V8KB H 7 5 L H ><-.08;N H N 1 > 1'501 , 3 8KB�< H 1 .0) 143 ,M,/A!,W? 5�3 %

$_%dÙ ?L-:=,/. H 5 , H >J>�:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 *�.^, 3 L-> 5�3§1 ? 1 ?PQ 1 7 H 5 8;.v: H 5 . 1 ��¯gn G 7E8 q n �� q H ?PQ�7 H >[79L-> H 5 ,5 *-,�L-<-<P,/.�NY8ZL-?PQ¾<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�8KBM, H 7�*ö:�L-> 501 < H 5 *öQ, 5 ,C7 5^1 8Z?ö.^, 3 L-> 5 H 7/798;.�Q 1 ?�� 5 8T , � U H ,/?2X 3 >'8C)6,W.�L-? 1 8;?�NY8ZL-?PQ�b $%'&W�fd H ?PQ T , � ÖV8;.^� H ?2X 3 m H ) 1 ?�b $%'&W�fd H ?PQ¢.0,C798;.�Q1 ? `G°²±�° � ¡ n G 7E8 q

Õ % U H >479L-> H 5 , 5 *-,|� ¦v× H 5 5 *-,dÖ × U�8;L 5 <-L 5 N]�b $_%��fd H ?gQ¢7 H >479L�> H 5 , 5 *-,d798;.0.^, 3 <P8;?PQ 1 ?-�3�1 �;? H >�798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 798;:�< H .0,CQ 5 8��-L->'> � �!, H .h7h* � Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. H ?PQ:�L-> �501 < H 5 *�Q 1 A!,/. 3�1'5 ]M� H 1 ?�798Z:=< H .^,CQ 5 8 ×i�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/.�,/:=<->J8K] 1 ?�� 3 ,/>',C7 5^1 8Z?=Q 1 A!,/. 3�1'5 ] %

ødù�ødù~ú NPOSXv�{]Pý��\þ��³p�´�¡VS�%�R�¶µ�U VS�%��ý�X_�·�3¸ ��R�¶¹� 1 . 3�5 { )6,�798;? 3�1 Q_,W. 5 * H 5�5 *-, 5 , 3�5M5 *-.0, 3 *�8;>4Q 3 H .^,=A H . 1 ,pQ 5 8¿8Z< 5^1 : H >J>']½Q_, 5 ,p7 5M3�1 �;? H > 3 8KB� ¦|× 3 b � &/£{ � $_{F£{F${'&/£{'&W$fd Q � H 3�1 ?��!,C7 501 8Z?�� %F�% � *-,v798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?�� 3 H ?PQ 3�1 �Z? H >µ798Z: �N 1 ? 1 ?-�d>'8 3^3 <P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79, 1 ?�:�L-> 501 < H 5 *M7h* H ?�?-,/> 3 H .^,�798;:=< H .^,pQ 5 8 3�1 �Z? H >< H 5 *�7h* H ?�?-,/> 3�1 ?� 1 �;L-.0, 3 $_% � {$_%�$_% � 8 5 *�ÖV8;? 5 ,dU H .0>'8 3�1 :¢L-> H 501 8;? H ?PQ°?L-:=,W. 1 7 H >7 H >479L-> H 501 8;?�.^, 3 L-> 5�3�3 *�8K)5 * H 5�5 *-,+798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 1[3 >J, 3^325 * H ? 5 * H 5 <-.0,CQ 1 7 5 ,CQ|B~8;. 5 *-, 3�1 ?-�Z>',6< H 5 *�7 H 3 ,+)+* 1 >', 5 *-, 3�1 �;? H >798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��>'8 303a1[3 H > 1'505 >J,s> H .0�;,/. % � *-,�:¢L�> 5^1 <->',dL 3 ,/.|:�L-> 501 < H 5 * 3�1 �;? H > 3 <-.^, 3 ,/? 5 H 5i5 *-,.^,p79, 1 A!,W. 1 ?-<-L 5 79.0, H 5 , 5 *-,�B H > 3 , H > H .^:Ä< H 5 * 3 { .0, 3 L-> 5^1 ?-� 1 ? H Q�Q 1'501 8;? H > H 7/¼!L 143�1'5^1 8;?�798Z: �<->J,/� 1J5 ] % D ? H Q�Q 1'501 8;? { :�L-> 501 <->J, H 7/7@, 3^3�1 ? 5 ,/.�B~,/.0,/?P79,�blÖ � D d H ?PQ 1 ? 5 ,/.0< H 5 * 1 ? 5 ,/.�B~,/.^,W?P79,b D } D d Q_,C79.0, H 3 , 5 *�,¿<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]�8KB�Q, 5 ,C7 5^1 8Z?O8KB§:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *O798Z:=<P8;?-,W? 5�3 { )+* 1 7�*ö>'8C)I,/. 3� ¦|×M%

&/£Z$

× ,@B~,/.^. 1 ?-� 5 8�� 1 �;L-.0, 3 $_% Õ {P$_% E { )I,|,/� H : 1 ?-, 5 *-, 1 :=< H 7 5h3 8CB 5 , 3�5 Q, 3�1 �;?�: 143 : H 5 7�*�8Z?3 ] 3�5 ,/: <P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79, % D ?�� 1 �;L�.^, $% Õ { 5 *-,�.0, 3 L�> 5 8CB+7@8;:=<->J,/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 8CBI>'8C) � ¦|× .^, �79, 1 A!,/.�be?�8;: 1 ? H > «v$ Q �zd H ?PQ�* 1 �;*=� ¦v× b~?-8;: 1 ? H > o|$ Q �zd .0,C79, 1 A!,/. H .^,+<->J8 505 ,CQ { 8;N 5 H 1 ?�,CQ5 *�.^8;L��;*�NP8 5 *�?_L-:�,/. 1 7 H > 7 H >[79L-> H 5^1 8;? 3 H 3 Q 143 79L 303 ,CQ 1 ?¢� ,C7 5^1 8;? $_% G H 3 )6,W>'> H 3 ÖV8;? 5 ,+U H .0>'83�1 :¢L�> H 501 8Z? % � *-,v798;.0.^, 3 <P8;?PQ 1 ?-� 3�1 �;? H >P798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-�d>'8 3^3�5 *-.^8ZL-�;*�ÖV8;? 5 ,|U H .^>J8 3�1 :�L-> H 5^1 8;?143 <->J8 5^5 ,CQ 1 ?�� 1 �ZL-.^, $_% E %+× ,9B~,/.^. 1 ?-� 5 8�� 1 �;L-.0, 3 $% Õ H ?PQ $% E { 5 *-,|B~8;>'>J8C) 1 ?-��8;N 3 ,/.^A H 5^1 8Z? 3H .0,M: H Q_, �

&;%d� 3 ,/�<P,C7 5 ,pQ { 5 *�,�798Z:=<-L 5 H 5^1 8;?ì798Z:=<->',W� 1J5 ]�8CB 5 *-,�>'8C)ò� ¦|× .0,C79, 1 A!,/. 1[3 * 1 �;*-,W.5 * H ? 5 * H 5 8CB�* 1 �;*O� ¦|× .^,C79, 1 A!,/.I)+* 1 >J, 5 *�, 3�1 �;? H >�7@8;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3+143d3 : H >'>J,/. % �-8Z.1 ? 3�5 H ?P79, { zP� 1 ?-� 5 *-,S� ¦v× 8CB 5 *�, 3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5 < H 5 * 5 8 £ Q � H ?PQ¾.^,@B~,/.^. 1 ?-� 5 8 5 *-,798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 3 H A 1 ?�� 3 H ?PQ 3�1 �Z? H >�7@8;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 79L-.0A!, 3 8KB 5 *-,�>J8C) H ?PQV* 1 �;*O� ¦|×.0,C79, 1 A!,/. 3 { )I,�8;N 3 ,/.^A!, 5 * H 5 E � � A 3 �Z� � 7@8;:=<->J,/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 H ?gQ &;%�� Q � A 3 �_%��Q � 3�1 �;? H >2798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��|>'8 3^3 % � * 143 Q_,/:=8Z? 3�5 . H 5 , 3 H 5 . H Q_, � 8¬º�NP, 5 )6,/,/?�.^,p79, 1 A!,W.�798Z: �<->J,/� 1'5 ] H ?PQ 3�1 �;? H >�Q_, 5 ,p7 5^1 8;?�<P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79, %

G % � *-,d7@8;:=<->J,/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 79L-.0A!, 3 .^, H 7�* H : 1 ? 1 :�L-:¹)+*�,/.^,+?-8 5 , 3�5 Q, 3�1 �;?�: 1[3 : H 5 7h*87/7@L-. 3 % �!<P,C7 1 zµ7 H >J>'] { 5 *�,�798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 8KB 5 *-,�>'8C) � ¦|× .^,C7@, 1 A!,/.+.0, H 7h*-, 3 H: 1 ? 1 :�L�: )+*-,/.0, 5 *-,ö� ¦|× 8KB 5 *-, 3�5 .08;?-�Z, 3�5 < H 5 * 1[3 «|$ Q � )+* 1 >J,�798;:�<->',/� 1'5 ]3 H A 1 ?�� 3 8KB 5 *-,�* 1 �Z*¾� ¦|× .^,C7@, 1 A!,/.d.^, H 7h*-, 3 H : 1 ? 1 :�L-: )+*-,/.^,�� ¦|× 8CB 3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5< H 5 * 143 $ Q �|% � * 1[3 .0, 3 L-> 5�143 ,/�<Y,p7 5 ,CQONP,C7 H L 3 , 1 B 5 *-,�� ¦|× >',WA!,/>68CB 5 *-, 3�1 �;? H >1[3 ,/� H 7 5 >'] 5 *-, 3 H :=, H 3·5 *-,�?-8Z: 1 ? H >|� ¦|× 5 * H 5=5 *-,�*]<Y8 5 *-, 3�143�143 Q_, 3�1 �Z?-,CQ 5 88Z< 5^1 : H >J>']�Q_, 5 ,C7 5 { 5 *-, 5 , 3�5 ) 1 >'>�.0, H 7h* H > H 5 ,W. 3�5 H �;, 1 ?�798Z:=< H . 143 8;? 5 8 3�1 �;? H > 3 ) 1'5 *

&/£ Õ

8 5 *-,/.|� ¦|× 3 { .^, 3 L-> 501 ?-� 1 ?�> H .0�;,/.+.0,C79, 1 A!,/.I798;:�<->',/� 1'5 ] %

�_% � 1 ? H >J>'] { 5 *-,V?L-:=,W. 1 7 H > H ? H >'] 3�1[3 .0, 3 L-> 5h3 H �Z.^,/, 3�3�5 .^8Z?-�;>J]¾) 1'5 * 5 *-,½ÖV8;? 5 ,�U H .0>'83�1 :�L-> H 5^1 8Z?¢.0, 3 L�> 5h3 %

ødù�ødù�ø » þS��WS��ý��¼³p�e�¡V)�W�R�½��¾åü�ý�ÿ+þS��Y��)�Z�vý�þaý�þaÿ ©§��R� µ�U VS�%��ý%¿X �E�3¸6¹

D ? 5 *-,�<-.^,/A 1 8ZL 3 ,/�<P,/. 1 :=,/? 5 ) 1J5 * 5 *�, 3 ] 3�5 ,/: 8CB &/£ L 3 ,W. 3 H ?PQö�S< H 5 * 3 <P,/.�L 3 ,/. { )I,Q 1 Q_?2X 5 8;N 5 H 1 ? 5 *�,�?_L-:�,/. 1 7 H > H ? H >'] 3�143 .0, 3 L-> 5 8KB 3�1 �;? H >�798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 NP,C7 H L 3 , 1 ? 3 LP7h*H > H .0�;, 3 ] 3�5 ,W: 5 *-,�?L-:�NP,/.68CBµ»^8 1 ? 5 ,/A!,/? 5h3�143 G r~¶ � � &/£ rlu %d� 7/7@8;.hQ 1 ?-� 5 8 5 *-,M<-.0,/A 1 8;L 3?L-:=,/. 1 7 H >27 H >479L-> H 501 8;?�,/�<Y,W. 1 ,W?P79, { 1J5 ) 1 >'> 5 H R!, 3 ,/A!,/. H >�]!, H . 3+5 8·7 H >[79L-> H 5 ,MN]V7@8;:=<-L 5 ,/.<-.08;�;. H : 3 ,/A!,/?�L 3�1 ?-� 5 *-,�:=8 3�5 , À 7 1 ,/? 5 UQÀZU o@o > H ?-�ZL H �Z, % � *�,/.^,9B~8Z.^, { )I,=) 1 >J>�L 3 , H3 : H >'>J,/. 3 ] 3�5 ,/: ) 1'5 * � L 3 ,/. 3 H ?PQ¿��< H 5 * 3 <P,/.+L 3 ,W. %

× ,@B~,/.^. 1 ?-� 5 8�� 1 �ZL-.^, 3 $%F�_{µ$_%��_{ )I,�798;:=< H .^, 5 *-,�?_L�:=,/. 1 7 H >J>¯]�7 H >[79L-> H 5 ,CQ 3�1 �;? H >�798Z: �N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3 >J8K)I,/.MNP8;L-?PQ 5 8 3�1 �;? H >+798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��¢>J8 3^3 N]�ÖV8;? 5 ,�U H .0>'8 3�1 :¢L-> H 501 8;? 1 ?�>'8C)� ¦|× be?-8Z: 1 ? H > «|$ Q �zd H ?PQ¿* 1 �;*�� ¦|× be?�8;: 1 ? H > o|$ Q �zd .^,C79, 1 A!,/. 3 { .^, 3 <P,C7 5^1 A!,/>'] % �-.^8;:8;N 3 ,/.0A H 5^1 8;? 3 { )I,�7 H ?¤798Z?P79>JLPQ_, 5 * H 5 8;L�. 3�1 �;? H >v798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3 >'8C)I,/.�NP8;L-?PQ 1[3 A!,W.^]79>J8 3 , 5 8 H 7 5 L H > 3�1 �;? H >�798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 303 % ÖV8;.^,�<�.^,C7 1[3 ,/>J] { 5 *�,�� H <�NP, 5 )6,/,W? H 7 5 L H > 3�1 �;? H >798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��s>J8 303 H ?PQ 3�1 �;? H >�798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��>'8 3^3 >J8K)I,/.+NP8;L-?gQ 143 7@8;? 3�143�5 ,/? 5 >']�>', 3^365 * H ? & Q �|%

� 1 �ZL-.^, 3 $_%J&/£{�$_%'&Z& 1 >'>'L 3�5 . H 5 , 5 *-,=:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�Q 1 A!,/. 3�1'5 ]�� H 1 ? H ?PQO7@8;.^.0, 3 <P8Z?PQ 1 ?��?_L �:=,/. 1 7 H >;L-<�<Y,W.�NP8;L-?PQ %�� ,I8;N 3 ,/.^A!, 5 * H 5 H 3�5 *-,i� ¦|× 8KB 5 *-, 3�5 .^8;?��;, 3�5 < H 5 * 1 ?P7@.^, H 3 , 3 { 5 *-,

&/£ E

−10 −5 0 5 10 1540

50

60

70

80

90

100


Com

plex

ity S

avin

g in

%

numerical (no multipath)simulation (no multipath)numerical ( multipath )simulation ( multipath )

� 1 �;L-.0, $_% ��U�8Z:=<->',W� 1J5 ]£be:�L-> 501 < H 5 * d � Ø�&/£ L 3 ,W. 3 {-�O� �s< H 5 * 3 <P,/.�L 3 ,/. H ?PQ°?�8;: 1 ? H >B H > 3 , H > H .0:å<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] ` 0 �©£_%F£Z£;£& H ?PQ=?-8Z: 1 ? H >P: 14303 ,CQ�Q_, 5 ,p7 5^1 8;?=<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�

£_%�£;£&

&/£Z�

−10 −5 0 5 10 151

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

numerical (no multipath)simulation (no multipath)simulation ( multipath )

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%�$ �� 1 �Z? H >P7@8;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-�+>'8 3^3 b~:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 * d � Ø��º&W£ L 3 ,/. 3 {_�¬� �|< H 5 * 3 <P,/.�L 3 ,/. H ?PQ?-8Z: 1 ? H >KB H > 3 , H > H .^:©<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] ` 0 �ì£_%�£;£;£& H ?gQs?-8Z: 1 ? H >;: 1[3^3 ,CQ|Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?M<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]`²�£_%F£Z£_&

&/£Z�

−10 −5 0 5 10 1565

70

75

80

85

90

95

100


Com

plex

ity S

avin

gs in

%

simulation ( −5 dB )numerical ( −5 dB )simulation ( 5 dB )numerical ( 5 dB )

� 1 �;L-.0, $% Õ �6U�8Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 ) 1'5 * 5 , 3�5 Q_, 3�1 �;?�: 1[3 : H 5 7h*�b~:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 * d � Ø��o&W£ L 3 ,/. 3 {�ö� �¢< H 5 * 3 <Y,W.iL 3 ,/. H ?PQV?-8Z: 1 ? H >YB H > 3 , H > H .0: <�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] ` 0 � £_%F£Z£;£& H ?PQ¿?�8;: 1 ? H >: 1[3^3 ,pQ=Q_, 5 ,C7 5^1 8;?=<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�o£_%�£;£&

&;&W£

−10 −5 0 5 10 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

simulation ( −5 dB )simulation ( 5 dB )

� 1 �;L-.0, $_% E �S� 1 �;? H >v798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 303 ) 1J5 * 5 , 3�5 Q_, 3�1 �Z?¾: 1[3 : H 5 7h*,b~:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 * d � Ø�� &/£L 3 ,/. 3 {6� � ��< H 5 * 3 <P,/.�L 3 ,/. H ?PQO?-8;: 1 ? H >\B H > 3 , H > H .0:æ<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] ` 0 � £_%F£Z£;£& H ?PQ?-8Z: 1 ? H >�: 1[3^3 ,CQ=Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?�<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] `

²�o£%F£;£&

&;&Z&

−10 −5 0 5 10 150.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

simulationanalysis lower bound

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%F� �6� 1 �Z? H >µ798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?-�i>J8 303 b~:¢L�> 5^1 < H 5 * d � Ø �¤� L 3 ,W. 3 H ?PQ m � ��< H 5 * 3 { ?�8;: 1 ? H ><-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]V8CBdQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;? ` 0 � £_%F£Z£;£& H ?gQS?-8;: 1 ? H >�: 14303 ,CQ�Q_, 5 ,C7 5^1 8;?�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�o£%F£Z£_&;{ ?-8Z: 1 ? H >�� ¦v× � � $ Q �

&;& G

−10 −5 0 5 10 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

simulationanalysis lower bound

� 1 �;L-.0, $%F� �S� 1 �Z? H >v798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��V>'8 3^3 be:�L-> 501 < H 5 * d � Ø�� L 3 ,/. 3 H ?PQ m � ��< H 5 * 3 H ?PQ?-8Z: 1 ? H >KB H > 3 , H > H .^:©<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] ` 0 �ì£_%�£;£;£& H ?gQs?-8Z: 1 ? H >;: 1[3^3 ,CQ|Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?M<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ]`²�£_%F£Z£_&Z{ ?-8Z: 1 ? H >�� ¦|× �o$ Q �

&;&W�

:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�Q 1 A!,/. 3�1'5 ]�� H 1 ? 1 ?P7@.^, H 3 , 3 % � * 143+5 .^,W?PQ 3 L-�;�Z, 3�5�3§5 * H 5d1 ?�* 1 �Z*-,/.M� ¦|× ,/A? 1 .08;? �:=,/? 5 { :=8;.0,�:�L-> 501 < H 5 *d) 1 >'>ZNP, H A H 1 > H N->',�B~8;.�zg�_,CQ|*]_<P8 5 *-, 3�143�5 , 3�501 ?-� 5 *-.0, 3 *�8;>4Q 3 { 5 *-,/.0,/N] {:=8Z.^,|:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�Q 1 A!,W. 3�1J5 ]�� H 1 ? 1[3 H 7h* 1 ,/A!,pQ %

ødù�ødù%Á NPOSXv�{]Pý��\þ��³p�´�¡VS�%�R�p��¾Â��]3��[+��ý�[\��Â³p»�ÃZN ³p�´[\��ýW��\]D ? 5 * 1[3�3 ,C7 5^1 8;? { ÖV8Z? 5 ,+U H .^>J8 3�1 :�L-> H 5^1 8;? 1[3 <Y,W.�B~8;.0:=,CQ 5 8 1 ?_A!, 3�5^1 � H 5 , 5 *-, 3�1 �Z? H >�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?<P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79,�8CB-<�. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×d�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. % � *-, 3 H :=,6U T Ö � 3 ] 3�5 ,/: H ?PQ|.^,C7@, 1 A!,/.µQ_, 3�1 �Z?1 ?ì�!,C7 501 8;? $_%F$% � H .^,�L 3 ,pQ % � 1 �;? H >d798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 303 8KBv<-. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×i�vØsÙ .^,C7@, 1 A!,/. 3 ) 1'5 *7h* H ?-?�,/>�, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;? 143 798Z:=< H .^,CQ 5 8 5 *-,�798Z.^.^, 3 <P8;?PQ 1 ?-��.^,p79, 1 A!,W. 3 ) 1'5 *�<P,/.�B~,C7 5 7h* H ?-?-,/>R?-8C)+>',CQ_�Z, % � 1 ?P79,+8Z?->']�8;?-,d< 1 >'8 5I3 ]_:�NP8;> 143 L 3 ,pQ 5 8s, 3�5^1 : H 5 , 5 *-, 1 ? 3�5 H ? 5 H ?-,/8ZL 3 7h* H ?-?-,/>3�5 H 5 , 1 ?_B~8;.0: H 501 8;?�b�U+� D d�% Ö H 5 7�*-,pQ¿zP> 5 ,/.|8;L 5 <-L 5�3 � 1 A!,�7�* H ?-?-,W> 5 H <S)I, 1 �Z* 5�3 , 3�501 : H 5 , 3 %D 5�143 H 3 <Y,p7 1 H >�7 H 3 ,d8KB � ÖS� � 7�* H ?-?-,/>P, 3�5^1 : H 5 8;.�N] 3 , 505^1 ?-� �zw|�&;t9� �o& H ?PQ � ¶ �o&Z%

D ?�� 1 �;L�.^, $%'& G {Z$_%'&W�_{ )I,I798;:=< H .^, 5 *-, 3�1 �Z? H >�798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��6>'8 3^3 <P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79,�8CB } � Ö�� Ö × U ×i�vØsÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. 5 8�Ö�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?�>J8C) � ¦|× .^,C79, 1 A!,/.6b6?�8;: 1 ? H >� $ Q � � ¦|× d H ?PQ* 1 �;*ö� ¦|× .0,C79, 1 A!,/.6b+?-8;: 1 ? H > $ Q � � ¦|× dh{ .0, 3 <P,C7 501 A!,/>J] % � *-, 3�1 �;? H >798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?��>J8 303 8KB } � �� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. 1[3 H > 3 8+<->J8 5^5 ,CQ 5 8+� 1 A!, 1 ? 3�1 �;* 5�1 ? 5 8d7h* H ?-?-,/>, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;?�,/.^.08;. % �-.08;: 5 *�, 3 ,6zP�ZL-.^, 3 { )I,d7 H ?�8;N 3 ,/.0A!, 5 * H 5�5 *�, 3�1 �;? H >µ798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-�d>'8 3^3 8KB} � Ö�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.�Q_, 3 7@.^, H 3 , 3 H 3|5 *�,¢� ¦|× 8KB 3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5 < H 5 * 1 ?g79.^, H 3 , H ?PQ1'5v143|3 > 1 �Z* 5 >']�* 1 �;*-,/. 5 * H ?¬Ö�� Ö × U ×i�vØsÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W. H ?PQ 5 *-,�Q 1 º�,W.^,/?P7@,�798Z:=, 3 B~.^8;:5 *�,M7�* H ?-?-,W>Y, 3�5^1 : H 501 8Z?�,/.^.08;. % �-.08;: 5 *�, 5 . 1 H ?��;L-> H . � > H NP,/>'>J,CQ=79L-.0A!, { )I,|7 H ? 3 ,W, 5 * H 565 *-,3�1 �;? H >d798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 8KB } � �� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?g79.^, H 3 , 3�3 :=8!8 5 *->'] H 3 � ¦|× 8KB

&;& �

−10 −5 0 5 10 151

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4


Mul

tipat

h D

iver

sity

Gai

n in

dB

simulationanalysis upper bound

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%J&/£ �IÖVL-> 5^1 < H 5 *·Q 1 A!,/. 3�1J5 ]�� H 1 ?2� Ø � � L 3 ,/. 3 H ?PQ m � ��< H 5 * 3 { ?-8;: 1 ? H >P<-.08;N H �N 1 > 1'5 ]|8CB Q_, 5 ,p7 5^1 8;? ` 0 �¤£%F£Z£;£_& H ?PQ°?�8;: 1 ? H >!: 1[3^3 ,CQ�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8Z?�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²� £_%�£;£&;{

?-8Z: 1 ? H >�� ¦v× � � $ Q �

&;&W$

−10 −5 0 5 10 150.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4


Mul

tipat

h D

iver

sity

Gai

n in

dB

simulationanalysis upper bound

� 1 �;L-.0, $%'&;& ��ÖVL-> 5^1 < H 5 *=Q 1 A!,/. 3�1'5 ]M� H 1 ?2� Ø�� L 3 ,/. 3 H ?gQ m � ��< H 5 * 3 H ?PQ�?-8;: 1 ? H >B H > 3 ,H > H .0:÷<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] ` 0 � £_%F£Z£;£& H ?gQ°?-8Z: 1 ? H >: 14303 ,CQ�Q_, 5 ,p7 5^1 8;?�<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] ` ² � £_%�£;£&;{?-8Z: 1 ? H >�� ¦v× �o$ Q �

&;& Õ

3�5 .^8Z?-�;, 3�5 < H 5 * 1 ?P79.0, H 3 , 3 % D 5i1[3 ,/�<-> H 1 ?-,CQ=N] 5 *-,sB H 7 5|5 * H 5|1 ?V* 1 �;*O� ¦|× ,/?A 1 .^8Z?-:=,/? 5 {� ¦|× , 3�501 : H 5^1 8Z? 1[3 >', 303 H 7/7@L-. H 5 , { .^, 3 L-> 501 ?-� 1 ?ö>', 3^3 H 7W79L-. H 5 ,�7h* H ?-?�,/>6, 3�5^1 : H 501 8;? %S� 3H .^, 3 L-> 5 { :=8Z.^,=<P,/.�B~8;.0: H ?P7@,=>'8 3^3�143 8;N 3 ,/.^A!,CQö798Z:=< H .^,CQ 5 8 5 *-,�.^,C7@, 1 A!,/.M) 1J5 *¾<P,/.�B~,C7 57h* H ?-?�,/>�R?-8C)+>',CQ�;, %

¦ ,/� 5 { )I,�,/� H : 1 ?-, 5 *-, 1 :=< H 7 5 8CB+8;N 3 ,/.0A H 5^1 8;?O) 1 ?PQ_8C) 3�1�` ,�B~8;.�7�* H ?-?-,W>�, 3�501 : H 5^1 8;?8;?ö<P,/.�B~8;.^: H ?P79,�8KBM<-. H 7 501 7 H >+Ö�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,p79, 1 A!,W. % �-.^8Z: � 1 �;L-.0, 3 $%'& � {+$_%J&/${)6,�8ZN 3 ,/.0A!, 5 * H 5 7h* H ?�?-,/>6, 3�5^1 : H 501 8Z? 143�1 :=<-.^8CA!,CQ�)+*-,/? 5 *-,�?L-:�NY,W.�8KBv< 1 >'8 5�3 ]_:�NP8;>1 ?g79.^, H 3 , 3 B~.^8;: & 5 8 � 5 8 &/£ H ?PQ 5 *�, 3�1 �Z? H >I798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 A 3 � ¦|× 8CB 3�5 .08;?-�Z, 3�5 < H 5 *79L-.0A!, 3 NP,C798Z:=, 3 :�8;.^, H ?PQ¾:=8Z.^,�7@>'8 3 ,/. 5 8 5 * H 5 8KB�Ö�� Ö × U ×i�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.M) 1'5 *7h* H ?-?�,/> 3�5 H 5 , 1 ?_B~8Z.^: H 5^1 8Z? % � * 143 H �;.0,/, 3 ) 1'5 * 5 *-,+�Z,/?-,/. H >P7@8;? 3 ,/? 3 L 3�5 * H 5 H 3�5 *-,+?L-:�NP,/.8KB 3 H :�<->', 3M1 ?P7@.^, H 3 , 3 { 5 *-,�U�. H :�, � × H 8�>J8C)6,/.�NP8;L�?PQÚ8CB�7�* H ?-?-,W>+, 3�501 : H 5^1 8Z?O,/.0.^8;.�) 1 >'>Q_,C7@.^, H 3 , H ?PQ H 3 ]_:=<P8 5 8 501 7 H >'>J]��;8!, 3i5 8 ` ,/.08 %

�=Û�Ä õ ô�áv�Vó�Ü|ÝÆÅ9��à à á�Ý�è

D ? 5 * 143 7h* H < 5 ,/. { )6,�* H A!,�<�.^, 3 ,/? 5 ,CQ H Q, 5 H 1 >',pQ H ? H >'] 3�143 8CB 5 *�,S<P,/.�B~8;.^: H ?P79,�8CB 5 *-,<-.08;<P8 3 ,CQ�798Q_, H 7W¼(L 1[3�1J5^1 8Z? H >'�Z8;. 1'5 *�: 1 ?�) 1 Q,/N H ?gQ½U T Ö � :�L-> 5^1 < H 5 *�7h* H ?-?�,/> 3 %

� 1 . 3�5 { 5 *-,=,W�_<P8;?�,/? 501 H >6Q,/> H ] 1 ?-��:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *�Q_,/> H ]�<-.^8CzP>',}b�Ö D }�d <-.08KA 1 Q, 3 H :=8Q_,/>B~8;. 5 *-,�) 1 Q,/N H ?gQ�U T Ö � :�L-> 501 < H 5 *�7h* H ?-?�,/> 3 % � * 143 :�8Q_,/> H �;.^,W, 3M3�5 .08;?-�Z>']�) 1'5 * 5 *-,8;L 5 Q_8!8Z.|) 1 Q_,WN H ?PQVU T Ö � 7h* H ?�?-,/> 3 8ZL-?PQ 1 ?-��.^, 3 L-> 5�361 ?¬n GCq %

�!,C798Z?PQ_>J] { 5 *-, 3�5 , H Q_] ��3�5 H 5 ,�798;:�<-L 5 H 5^1 8;?�798Z:=<->',W� 1J5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� H ?PQ 3�1 �Z? H >I798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?-�>'8 3^3 8KB 5 *-,d<-.^8Z<Y8 3 ,CQ 5 .^,/, ��3�5 .^LP7 5 L-.0,CQ�Ö�� Ö × U ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C7@, 1 A!,/. 1 ?�:�L-> 5^1 < H 5 *�7h* H ?-?-,/>

&;& E

−10 −5 0 5 10 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

MHT−MRC P−MHT−MRCP−FS−MRC

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%J& G �§� 1 �;? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3d1 ?V<�. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.W� Ø�� &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 {2�¾� �< H 5 * 3 <P,/.+L 3 ,/. H ?gQ·?�8;: 1 ? H >PB H > 3 , H > H .0: <-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] ` 0 �o£%F£;£Z£_& H ?PQ=?-8Z: 1 ? H >�: 143^3 ,CQQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?M<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�ì£_%�£;£&;{ 5 , 3�5�1[3 Q, 3�1 �;?-,CQ 5 8vQ_, 5 ,C7 5�3�1 �;? H >-) 1'5 * -��9.º�o«v$;Ó ¸

&;&W�

−10 −5 0 5 10 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

MHT−MRC P−MHT−MRCP−FS−MRC

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%J&/� �§� 1 �;? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3d1 ?V<�. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.W� Ø�� &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 {2�¾� �< H 5 * 3 <P,/.+L 3 ,/. H ?gQ·?�8;: 1 ? H >PB H > 3 , H > H .0: <-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] ` 0 �o£%F£;£Z£_& H ?PQ=?-8Z: 1 ? H >�: 143^3 ,CQQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?�<-.08;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�o£%F£Z£_&;{ 5 , 3�5I143 Q_, 3�1 �;?-,pQ 5 8�Q_, 5 ,C7 5�3�1 �;? H >�) 1'5 * -��9. � $;Ó ¸

&;&W�

−10 −5 0 5 10 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

MHT−MRC P−MHT−MRC (1 pilot symbol) P−MHT−MRC(3 pilot symbols) P−MHT−MRC(10 pilot symbols)

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%J& ��§� 1 �;? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3d1 ?V<�. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.W� Ø�� &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 {2�¾� �< H 5 * 3 <P,/.+L 3 ,/. H ?gQ·?�8;: 1 ? H >PB H > 3 , H > H .0: <-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] ` 0 �o£%F£;£Z£_& H ?PQ=?-8Z: 1 ? H >�: 143^3 ,CQQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?v<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] `

²��£_%F£Z£_&Z{ 5 , 3�521[3 Q_, 3�1 �;?-,pQ 5 8dQ_, 5 ,C7 523�1 �Z? H >!) 1J5 * -��9. �©«|$ZÓ ¸ %

� N 3 ,W.^A H 501 8;?�) 1 ?PQ8K) 3�1a` , � ^ �©&;t��_t/&W£ H .0,�7@8;:=< H .^,CQ %

& G £

−10 −5 0 5 10 151

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


Sig

nal C

ombi

ning

Los

s in

dB

MHT−MRC P−MHT−MRC (1 pilot symbol) P−MHT−MRC(3 pilot symbols) P−MHT−MRC(10 pilot symbols)

� 1 �;L-.0, $_%J&/$ �§� 1 �;? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>J8 3^3d1 ?V<�. H 7 5^1 7 H > ×d�|ØMÙ .^,C79, 1 A!,/.W� Ø�� &/£ L 3 ,/. 3 {2�¾� �< H 5 * 3 <P,/.vL 3 ,/. { ?-8Z: 1 ? H >2<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]¿8CB�B H > 3 , H > H .0: ` 0 � £_%F£Z£;£& H ?PQV?-8Z: 1 ? H >�: 143^3 ,CQQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?�<�.^8;N H N 1 > 1'5 ] `

²�º£%F£Z£_&;{ 5 , 3�5�143 Q_, 3�1 �;?�,CQ 5 8�Q_, 5 ,C7 5\3�1 �Z? H >µ) 1'5 * -��9.º�º$ZÓ ¸ %

� N 3 ,W.^A H 501 8;?�) 1 ?PQ8K) 3�1a` , �_^�©&;t��_t/&W£ H .0,�7@8;:=< H .^,CQ %

& G &

143 H ? H >'] 5^1 7 H >J>']vQ_, 5 ,/.^: 1 ?-,CQ % � *-, H ? H >'] 3�1432143 N H 3 ,CQM8;? 5 *-, H 3^3 L-:=< 501 8;? 5 * H 5 7h* H ?-?-,/> 3�5 H 5 ,1 ?B~8;.^: H 5^1 8;? 143 H A H 1 > H N->', H 5�5 *�,6.^,p79, 1 A!,W. % � *-,d7@8;:=<->J,/� 1'5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3�1 ?�:�L-> 501 < H 5 *�7h* H ?-?�,/> 3143 H ? H >'] ` ,CQöN_] 5 *-,�:=, 5 *�8QÚ8KB§> H NP,/>J> 1 ?-� 5 *-,�7@8Q_, 5 .^,/,�) 1'5 *¹± r H ?gQ ± ¶ *_]<P8 5 *-, 3 , 3H 7W798;.�Q 1 ?-� 5 8 5 *-,�:¢L-> 5^1 < H 5 *V7@8;:=<P8;?�,/? 5�3 H 5|5 *-,�.0,C79, 1 A!,/. 1 ?-<-L 5 % � *-, 3�1 �;? H >�798Z:¢N 1 ? 1 ?-�>'8 3^3�1[3 H ? H >'] ` ,CQ|N_]d,/?L-:=,/. H 501 ?-� 5 *�, 3�1 �Z? H >!<P8C)6,/.28CB H >J> 5 *-,�<Y8 3^3�1 N->J,�:�L-> 5^1 < H 5 *vQ_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?.^, 3 L-> 5h3 )6, 1 �;* 5 ,CQ=N] 5 *-,�7@8;.^.0, 3 <P8Z?PQ 1 ?��=<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ]=8KB�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;? % � *-,�L�<-<P,/.iNP8ZL-?PQ�8KB5 *�,+<-.^8ZN H N 1 > 1J5 ] 5 * H 5 , H 7h*�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?�.^, 3 L-> 5 87/79L�. 3�1[3 � 1 A!,/?�N] H <-<->J] 1 ?-� T , � U H ,/?2X 3 L-? 1 8Z?NP8;L-?gQ 5 8�.^,pQ_LP79, H ? H >J] 3�143 798;:�<->',/� 1'5 ] %

� * 1 .�Q_>'] { 5 *-,�,/�<P,/. 1 :=,/? 5 H >2.0, 3 L�> 5h3 8;N 5 H 1 ?�,CQNP8 5 *ON]�ÖV8Z? 5 ,=U H .^>J8 3�1 :�L-> H 5^1 8Z? H ?PQN]�?L-:=,/. 1 7 H > H ? H >J] 3�143�3 *-8C) 3�5 * H 5�5 *-,d<-.^8Z<Y8 3 ,CQ H >'�Z8;. 1'5 *�: 7 H ? { H 5�5 *-,d,/�_<P,/? 3 ,+8KB 3 : H >J>3�1 �;? H >I798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-��>'8 3^3 { 3�1 �;? 1 zµ7 H ? 5 >J]V.0,CQ_LP79, 5 *�,�798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] % D ?�798;:=< H . 1[3 8Z? 5 8 3�1 ?-�Z>', �< H 5 *�7 H 3 , { H > 1J5^5 >', 1 ?P79.0, H 3 , 1 ?�798;:=<�>',/� 1'5 ] H ?PQ 3�1 �Z? H > 798;:�N 1 ? 1 ?-� 143 8;N 3 ,/.0A!,CQ % ÖV8Z.^,/8CA!,/. {5 *�, 1 :=< H 7 5 8CB 5 , 3�5 Q_, 3�1 �;?�: 143 : H 5 7�*�8Z? 3 ] 3�5 ,/: <P,/.�B~8;.0: H ?P7@, 1[3 H > 3 8 1 ?A!, 3�501 � H 5 ,CQ % � *-,,/�<P,/. 1 :=,/? 5 H > .^, 3 L-> 5�3 * H A!, 3 *-8C)+? 5 * H 5�5 *-,�798Z:=<->J,/� 1J5 ] 3 H A 1 ?-� 3 .0, H 7h*ö: 1 ? 1 :�L-: H 5 H3 <P,C7 1 zµ7�� ¦|× )+*-,/.0,M?-8 5 , 3�5 Q, 3�1 �;?V: 143 : H 5 7^*�87/79L�. 3 %

� 1 ? H >'>J] { )6,|,WA H >'L H 5 , 5 *-,M<P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79,d8KB 5 *-,|<�.^8;<P8 3 ,CQ�Ö�� Ö × U ×i�vØsÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/.) 1'5 *-8;L 5 <P,/.�B~,C7 5 7h* H ?�?-,/>+R?-8C)+>',CQ_�Z, %¹� , H <-<->J]¾< 1 >'8 5��3 ]_:�NP8;> � H 1 Q_,CQO)I, 1 �Z* 5 ,CQO:¢L-> 5^1¯�3 >J8 5 H A!,/. H � 1 ?��b } � � � � ÖS� �@d 5 ,C7h*-? 1 ¼(L�, 5 8�, 3�501 : H 5 ,v7�* H ?-?-,W> 5 H <�)I, 1 �Z* 5�3 8KB�<�.^8;<P8 3 ,CQÖ�� Ö × U ×i�vØsÙ .0,C79, 1 A!,/. % � *�,s,|º�,p7 5 8CB�7h* H ?�?-,/>�, 3�5^1 : H 501 8Z?¢8Z? 5 *-, 3�1 �;? H >�Q_, 5 ,C7 501 8;?<P,/.�B~8Z.^: H ?P79, 1[3 ,/� H : 1 ?-,CQ % � *�,VÖV8Z? 5 ,VU H .0>'8 3�1 :¢L-> H 501 8;?�.^, 3 L-> 5h3�3 *�8K) 5 * H 5�5 *-,�<P,/. �B~8;.0: H ?g79,¢>J8 303 Q_L-, 5 8�7h* H ?-?�,/>�, 3�501 : H 5^1 8Z?S,W.^.^8Z. 1[3�3 : H >'> )+* 1 >J, 3�1 �;? 1 zµ7 H ? 5 798;:�<->',/� 1'5 ]3 H A 1 ?-� 3 H .^, 3�5^1 >'>�: H 1 ? 5 H 1 ?�,CQ %M� 3|5 *�,�?_L-:�NP,/.+8KB�< 1 >J8 5M3 ]_:�NP8;> 3i1 ?P7@.^, H 3 , 3 { 5 *-,�7h* H ?-?-,/>

& GZG

, 3�5^1 : H 5^1 8;?=<P,/.�B~8;.0: H ?P7@,|NP,C798;:�, 3 NP, 505 ,/. %

& G �

Ç ÈÊÉ�ËZÌ�Í9Î Ï

Ç ÐÒÑÊÓ�ÔRÕÊÖ6×ØÐÒÑZÖ ÉuÑÊÙ ÚÊÕÛÌ§ÕÊÎ§Í Ü Ð'Î§Ý

��Þ�ßáàEâãÞ>ä¬å�æ®ç�èEà�éØêRëÂë�ä¬è®ß ` çìà¡æ�ÞRçQë�ä »�í è�â í êØæ®è�ß�îRï�æ�ß í ê3à\ß�ê§æ®Þ�ß²à\æ�Þ�çìà�ß²à�ä¬ê3ð�å�è®ç�à�ç!êØæñàeå í à�à�ß�î�òaçó ï�æ®ï�è�çvðØßaè�ç�âcæ®ß í ê3àôQÞ�ßáâãÞ�â í ï�ò²ðÂî3ç6ç � æ�ç�ê3à�ß í ê3à í ó æ®Þ�ç6è�ç�à�ç�ä¬èñâãÞ�ô í è�õöß�ê�æ�Þ�ßáà�æ�Þ�çìà�ß²à|÷

Ä�Û�ø Å9��à à á�Ý�è

��Þ�ßáàeæ�Þ�çìà�ß²à´Þ3ä4àEß�ê#ù1ç�à�æ�ß � ä¬æ®ç�ð@ò í ô � â í ëÂå�ò�ç � ßaæ�éSôQß²ð#ç�î3ä¬ê>ðûú�ü Ö � è®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�è\ð#ç�à�ß � ê3àEß�ê§ë�ï�ò �æ�ßaå3ä¬æ®Þ�â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òáà { ôQÞ�ç!è�ç§æ�ÞRçÂâ í ð#çÂäýâ ¼ ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê {2×d�|ØMÙ â í ë�î�ß�êRß�ê � ä¬ê3ð�â�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�òEç�à�æ�ß�ëûä �æ�ß í ê'ä�è�ç�â í ë�î�ß�ê�çìð+÷ � çÂâ í ê3à�ß²ðØç�èvæ�Þ�çöà�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï>à�ú�ü Ö � ïRå�ò�ßaê�õ�ôQß�æ®Þ�æ�ßaëÂç§ùýä¬è�é#ß�ê �ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þ3à|÷��Þ�ç í î » ç�âcæ®ß�ù1ç í ó æ®Þ�ß²à ô í è�õ�ß²à æ í å�è í å í à�ç�äÂê�ç�ôZè�ç�â|ç�ß�ù1ç�è_ä¬èñâãÞRß�æ�çìâcæ�ï�è®ç�æ íà�ß � ê�ß z â�ä�êØæ®ò�éÂè®ç�ðØï3âcç6æ®Þ�ç�è®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�èQâ í ëÂå�òaç � ßaæ�é§ôQß�æ�Þ}à�òaß � Þ#æ_à�ß � ê3ä¬ò�ðØç�æ®ç�âcæ®ß í ê�å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcçæ�èñä4ðØç � í�º ß�ê�â í ëöå3ä¬è®ß²à í ê�æ í æ�Þ�ç í åRæ�ß�ëûä¬ò ó ïRò�ò � à�çìä¬è�â�ÞÂè®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�è�÷

� ç z è�à�æQðØç�ù1ç!ò í å3ç�ð�ä�â í ðØç6ä4â ¼ ï�ßáà�ßaæ�ß í êÂä�ò �ýí è�ßaæ�Þ�ë ó í èþà�ß � ê3ä�ò � å3ä¬æ®Þ9â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òáàä�ê3ð�ä¬ê3ä �ò�é ` ç�ð§æ�ÞRç�à�æ�ç�äýðØé � à�æ�ä¬æ®çvâ í ëÂåRï�æ�ä�æ�ß í ê�â í ëÂå�ò�ç � ßaæ�évä�ê3ð9à�ß � ê>ä¬ò\â í ë�î�ß�ê�ßaê � ò í à�à�ß�ê�ú�Þ3ä�å�æ�ç!è

ÿ��

� ÷ � à®à�ï�ëÂßaê � õ#ê í ôQò�çìð � ç í ó ï3à�ç�èñà��3à�å�è�ç�äýðØß�ê � à�ç ¼ ïRç�ê3âcç�à { ô�ç ó í è�ë�ï�ò²ä�æ�ç_â í ðØç£ä4â ¼ ï�ß²à�ß�æ®ß í êß�ê�æ�ç!è�ë�à í ó ë�ï�òaæ�ßaå�ò�ç6Þ#éØå í æ®Þ�ç�à�ß²à æ�ç�à�æ�ßaê � ó í èvä¬òaòæ®Þ�ç�å í à�à�ß�î�òaçÂà�Þ z æ�à í ó ä¬ò�ò }�¦ â í ðØçìà�ßaê� ç�â|æ�ß í ê � ÷ � ÷��Þ�ç�è�çìâcç�ß�ù1ç!è ç�ëÂå�ò í é�à æ�è®ï�ê3â�ä�æ�ç�ð�à�ç ¼ ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò�ðØç�âcßáà�ß í ê � ë�ä¬õ#ß�ê � ßaê � ç�âcæ®ß í ê� ÷ � äýà�ô�ç�òaò\äýà)æ®è�ç�çvà�æ®è�ï3â|æ�ï�è®ç�ð »�í ß�ê#æQÞ#éØå í æ®Þ�ç�à�ß²à�æ�çìà�æ�ßaê � ß�ê � çìâcæ�ß í ê � ÷��Ø÷ � ÷

� í ç � æ®ç�ê3ð§æ�Þ�ç è®ç�à�ïRò�æ�à�ô�ç í î�æ�ä�ß�ê�çìð�ß�ê�à�ß�ê � ò�ç � å3ä�æ�Þ�à�é�à�æ�ç�ë�àEæ í æ�Þ�ç_â�ä4à�ç í ó ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þà�éRà�æ®ç�ë { ô�ç � ç�ê�ç�èñä¬ò�ß ` ç�æ�Þ�çSä�ê3ä¬òaé�à�ß²à�ä¬åRå�è í ä4â�Þ\÷��%ê � ç�âcæ®ß í ê��Ø÷ � { æ�Þ�çSâ í ëÂå�òaç � ß�æ�é à®ä�ùØßaê � àeßaêë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þ§â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òáàeß²à�ä¬ê>ä¬ò�é ` ç�ð§î#é�æ�ÞRçzëÂç!æ�Þ í ð í ó ò²ä�î3ç�ò�ßaê � æ�Þ�çSâ í ð#ç æ�è®ç�çQîØé ± r ä�ê3ð ± ¶Þ#éØå í æ®Þ�ç�à�ç�àc÷ � é}à�ç�æ®æ�ß�ê � å3ä�è�æ�ßáâcï�òáä¬è6å3ä¬èñä¬ëÂç!æ�ç�èñà { æ®Þ�ç�ëöç�æ�Þ í ð í ó ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáà@ß�ê�ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àSðØç � ç�ê�ç�èñä¬æ�çìàzæ í æ®Þ3ä¬æ_ß�ê�à�ß�ê � ò�ç � å3ä�æ�Þ\÷ � é�ç�ê#ï�ëÂç�èñä¬æ®ß�ê � æ®Þ�ç�à�ß � ê3ä�òEå í ô�ç�è í ó ä�ò�òæ�ÞRçÂå í à�à�ß�î�òaç�ë�ï�òaæ�ßaå3ä¬æ®Þ�ðØç!æ�ç�âcæ®ß í ê è®ç�à�ï�òaæ�à�ô�ç�ß � ÞØæ®ç�ð î#é�æ�Þ�ç�â í è�è®ç�à�å í ê3ðØß�ê � å�è í î3ä�î�ß�òaß�æ�éí ó ðØç�æ®ç�âcæ®ß í ê { ä¬ê,ç � å�òaß²âcßaæ ó í è�ë í ó à�ß � ê3ä¬òSâ í ë�î�ß�ê�ßaê � ò í à�à§ß�ê'å�è í ù#ß²ðØçìð+÷�� í è�ç�ð#ï3âcçÂæ®Þ�çâ í ëÂå�ò�ç � ßaæ�é í ó ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ß²à { üzç � ú�ä�ç�ê� à�ï�ê�ß í êpî í ï�ê3ðpß²à§ï3à�ç�ð,æ í ä�å�å�è íK� ß�ëûä¬æ�ç�æ®Þ�ç�à�ß � ê3ä�òðØç�æ®ç�âcæ®ß í êöå¡ç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcç1÷

� í è®ç�ò²ä � æ�Þ�çSäýà�à�ïRëÂå�æ�ß í ê§æ®Þ3ä¬æþâãÞ3ä�ê�ê�ç�ò>à�æ�ä�æ�çSß�ê ó í è�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê�ßáà�äìùýä�ß�ò²ä�î�ò�çSä�æ�æ�Þ�çQè®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�èß�êÒæ�Þ�ç}ä¬î í ù1ç�ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáà { ô�ç}ä¬ò²à í â í ë�î�ßaê�çÂæ®Þ�ç�â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�òSç�à�æ®ß�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê'ôQß�æ�ÞÒæ�Þ�ç�åRè í å í à�ç�ðè�çìâcç�ß�ù1ç!è�÷��Þ�ç6ë�ä¬æñâãÞRç�ð z ò�æ�ç!è í ïRæ�å�ï�æñà í ó à�ï�è�ù#ß�ù í è ×d�|ØMÙ z ê � ç!è�àSä¬è�çvä�ù1ç�èñä � çìð í ù1ç�è�æ®Þ�çí î>à�ç�è®ù4ä�æ�ß í ê9ôQßaê3ð í ôSàQæ í�� ç!ê�ç�è�ä�æ�ç6æ�ÞRç@çìà�æ�ßaë�ä¬æ®ç�ðÂâ�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò+æñä¬å�ô�ç�ß � Þ#æ�àc÷

Ä�Û� ��ó��Ý�Ü ë�Ý��

� òaæ�Þ í ï � Þ6æ�ÞRß²à+æ�ÞRç�à�ßáà+Þ3ä4à\ß�ê#ù1ç�à�æ®ß � ä¬æ�çìðzæ�Þ�ç�å�è í î�òaç�ë í ó »�í ß�ê#æ´â í ðØçQäýâ ¼ ï�ß²à�ß�æ�ß í ê6ä�ê3ð�â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òç�à�æ�ß�ëûä¬æ�ß í ê�î#éPï>à�ß�ê � æ�è®ç�ç§à�ç�ä¬èñâãÞ { æ�ÞRç�è�ç£ä¬è�ç£à�ç�ù1ç!è�ä¬ò\ßáà�à�ï�ç�àzæ®Þ3ä¬æ è®ç�ë�ä�ß�ê�æ í î3çvç � åRò í è®ç�ð+÷

ÿ��

�%ê�æ�Þ�ßáàQà�ç�âcæ®ß í ê { ô�ç�ð#ß²à�â|ï3à�àSà�ç�ù1ç!è�ä¬òLß�ëÂå í è�æ�ä�êØæþä¬è®ç�ä4àQôQÞ�ß²â�Þ�è�ç ¼ ï�ßaè�ç ó ï�è®æ�Þ�ç!èQà�æ®ï3ðØé1÷� çQï>à�çQæ�ÞRç â�Þ�ß�å£à�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï3àEë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þvâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò�ë í ðØç!òØßaê í ï�è�à�æ�ï3ð#é1÷��Þ�ß²à�ä4à�à�ï�ëÂå �

æ�ß í ê�ä4à®à�ï�è®ç�àQæ�Þ3ä�æzæ®Þ�çvðØç�ò²ä�é�ç�à�æ®ß�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê�â í ï�ò²ðÂî3ç§â!ä4à�æ®ç�ðÂß�ê�ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å�òaçQÞØé#å í æ�ÞRç�à�ßáà�æ�ç�à�æ�ß�ê �ó è�ä�ëÂç�ô í è�õL÷�� í�� ß�ù1ç�ä�êBë í è�çöä4â!âcï�è�ä�æ�çÂå3ç�è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê3â|ç�ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáà@ß�ê'è®ç�ä¬òaß²à�æ®ß²â�à�éRà�æ®ç�ë�à { ßaæß²àSê�ç�âcç�à®à�ä�è�é�æ í ç � æ®ç�ê3ð í ïRè è�ç�à�ç�ä¬èñâãÞ�è�ç�à�ï�ò�æñàzæ í âãÞ�ßaå � ä4à�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï>àzç�ê#ùØßaè í êRëÂç�ê#æ�ôQÞ�ç�è®çæ�ÞRçÂå�è�äýâcæ�ß í ê3ä�òQå í è�æ®ß í ê í ó§}�¦ â�Þ�ß�å í�º à�ç�æñà í ó ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�Þ�å�è í å3ä � ä¬æ®ß í ê ä¬è®ç9â í ê3à�ß²ðØç�è®ç�ð+÷�%ê n �;� q n �Z£ q { ßaæzßáàzà�Þ í ôQê�æ�Þ3ä�æ äýà�é#ê3âãÞRè í ê í ï3à ç�ê#ùØßaè í ê�ëÂç�ê#æ�â�ä¬ê�î¡ç§ç � å�è®ç�à�à�ç�ð�ä4à ä�ò�ß�êRç�ä¬èâ í ë�î�ßaê3ä¬æ®ß í ê í ó æ�ô í ä4ð » äýâcç�ê#æ à�Þ�ß ó æ®ç�ðÂù1ç�è�à�ß í ê í ó ï3à�ç!èSà�å�è®ç�ä4ðØßaê � â í ðØç�à|÷ � ê3ðÂß�ê n ÿ4ÿ q { ä�êä4à�éØê>âãÞ�è í ê í ï3à)ú�ü Ö � ðØß²à®âcè�ç�æ®ç � æ�ß�ëöç�à�ß � ê3ä¬òLä¬ê>ð�à�é�à�æ�ç�ë ë í ðØç�ò�ßáàeå�è í ù#ß²ð#ç�ð ó í è�æ�ÞRç à�æ�ï3ðØéí ó ë�ï�òaæ�ß�ï>à�ç�èSðØç!æ�ç�âcæ®ß í ê�ä�ê3ð�ä¬è®è�ä�é�å�è í âcç�à�à�ß�ê � ÷��%ævâ í ï�ò²ð�ä¬òáà í î3ç�ï�æ�ßaò�ß ` ç�ð9ß�ê�æ�ÞRçÂðØçìà�ß � êä¬ê>ð,å¡ç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcç�ä�ê3ä¬òaé�à�ß²à í ó í ï�èÂå�è í å í à�ç�ðpè�ç�âcç!ß�ù1ç�è�à�æ�è�ï>âcæ�ï�è®ç9ßaê�âãÞ�ßaå � ä4à�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï>àà�éRà�æ®ç�ë�à { ôQÞ�ßáâãÞÂêRç�ç�ð�à�ßaê3âcß²à�ß�ù1çSß�ê#ù1ç�à�æ®ß � ä¬æ�ß í ê3à|÷

�%ê í ï�è�è�ç�âcç!ß�ù1ç�è�ðØçìà�ß � ê¢ä�ê3ðpå¡ç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcç�ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáàc÷�ô�ç�ï3à�ç æ®Þ�ç�ôQß²ð#ç�ò�é ä4â�âcç!å�æ�ç�ð~ ï3ä4à®à�ßáä¬ê�ä�å�å�è íK� ß�ëûä¬æ�ß í êÂæ í ë í ðØç�ò3æ®Þ�çvà�æ�ä�æ�ßáà�æ�ßáâ í ó æ�ÞRç@ßaêØæ®ç�è ó ç!è�ç�ê3â|ç1÷2��Þ�ç6ç � å3ç�è�ßaëÂç�ê#æ�ä¬òè�çìà�ï�òaæ�àzßaê � çìâcæ�ß í ê��Ø÷��Ø÷ � à�Þ í ô¶æ®Þ3ä¬æ6æ�ÞRç�å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcçvß�ê�ë�ïRò�æ�ßaå3ä¬æ®Þ�âãÞ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òáàzß²à ßaê ó ç�è�ß í èæ í æ�Þ>ä¬æ�ß�êÒà�ßaê � òaç � å>ä¬æ�Þ âãÞ>ä¬ê�ê�ç!ò²àc÷ Ö ï�òaæ�ß�åRò�ç�äýâ�âcç�à®à ßaêØæ®ç�è ó ç�è®ç�ê3âcç b�Ö � � d ä¬ê3ð,ßaêØæ®ç�è�å>ä¬æ�Þß�ê#æ�ç!è ó ç�è®ç�ê3âcç b � } � d ðØç�æ®ç�è�ß í è�ä�æ�çQæ®Þ�ç�å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcç?÷��ÞRç�è�ç ó í è�ç { ë í è®ç�äýâ�âcï�èñä¬æ®çQë í ðØç�òaò�ß�ê �Qí óß�ê#æ�ç!è ó ç�è®ç�ê3âcç´ß²à\ê�ç�ç�ð#ç�ð+÷�� ó ßaæ\ß²à´â í ë�î�ß�êRç�ð)ôQßaæ�Þ »�í ß�ê#æ\ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�ï3à�ç�èLðØç�æ�çìâcæ�ß í êvä¬ê3ð6ß�ê#æ�ç�è ó ç�è�ç!ê3âcçâ�ä�ê3âcç�òýæ�ç�â�Þ�ê�ß ¼ ï�çìà { æ®Þ�ç�å3ç�è ó í è�ë�ä�ê3âcçEôQßaò�ò4î3ç�ß�ëÂå�è í ù1ç�ð { ôQÞ�ß²â�Þ6â í ï�ò²ð î3ç�ä ó ïRè�æ�ïRè�ç�è�ç�à�ç�ä¬èñâãÞæ í å�ß²âý÷

ÿ�� Õ

�%ê í ï�èQæ�ÞRç�à�ßáà�ô í è®õ { ô�çvä4ðRðØè�ç�à®àQâ í ðØçvä4â ¼ ï�ßáà�ßaæ�ß í êÂß�ê�å�ßaò í æQâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²à { ôQÞ�ç�è®ç6æ�Þ�ç æ®è�ä�ê �ëÂßaæ�æ�çìðÂà�å�è®ç�ä4ð�à�å3ç�âcæ�è®ï�ëTà�ß � ê3ä�òeßáà)ê í æ6ð�ä�æ�ä�ë í ð#ï�ò²ä�æ�ç�ð+÷��WæQÞ>ä4àzò í ô�à�å3ç�âcæ®ï�ëªç À â|ß�ç�ê3â|éà�ßaê3âcçSå�ß�ò í æ�à�é#ë�î í ò²à�ðØßáðØê�¦æ�æ®è�ä¬ê>à ó ç�èþð�ä¬æñä�ß�ê ó í è�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê�ôQÞRß�ò�çSæ�ÞRç�é�à�æ®ß�ò�ò í â�â|ï�åØé ó è®ç ¼ ï�ç�ê3âcçî3ä�ê3ðØôQß²ð#æ�Þ í è_æ�ß�ëöç6à�ò í æ�÷d��Þ�ç!è�ç ó í è�ç { ß�æSôQß�òaò\î¡ç§î3ç�êRß z âcßáä¬ò\æ í ç � æ�ç�ê3ð í ï�è å�è í å í à�ç�ð â í ðØçä4â ¼ ï�ßáà�ßaæ�ß í ê�ä¬ò �ýí è®ß�æ�ÞRë;æ í ð�ä�æ�ä�âãÞ>ä¬ê�ê�ç!ò²à { ôQÞRç�è�çvð�ä�æ�ä§ë í ðØï�òáä¬æ�ß í ê í â!âcï�è�à|÷

Ä�Û�� õ ë¢â�ãdç��é�êWë¢â��Þ�ç�å�è í å í à�ç�ð¢à�ç ¼ ïRç�êØæ®ß²ä�ò�� ¦ â í ðØç�ä4â ¼ ï�ßáà�ß�æ®ß í ê�ä¬ò �ýí è®ß�æ�ÞRë ß�ê â í ê » ï�ê3âcæ®ß í ê�ôQß�æ®Þ,æ®è�ç�ç �à�çìä¬è�â�Þpð#ç�æ�ç�â|æ í èöà�ß � ê�ß��Lâ�ä�êØæ®ò�é'è�ç�ð#ï3âcç�à§è�ç�â|ç�ß�ù1ç�è£â í ëöå�ò�ç � ß�æ�é1÷ � í æ®ÞpêØïRëÂç�è�ßáâ�ä¬òþä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáàä¬ê>ð Ö9í ê#æ�ç�ú�ä�è�ò í à�ßaë�ï�òáä¬æ®ß í ê�è®ç�à�ï�òaæ�àQß�ê}à�ß�ê � ò�ç � å3ä�æ�Þ�â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò²àQÞ3ä�ù1ç§à�Þ í ôQê�æ�Þ3ä�æ6ä�òáä¬è � çâ í ëÂå�ò�ç � ßaæ�é�è�çìðØï3âcæ®ß í ê�ß²à äýâãÞRß�ç�ù1ç�ðÂôQßaæ�Þ í ê�ò�é}ä�ë í ðØç!è�ä¬æ®ç§ðØç � è�äýð�ä¬æ®ß í ê ßaê í ïRæ�å�ï�æ � ¦v× ÷� å3ç�âcß��Lâ�ä�ò�ò�é��{ë í è�ç§æ®Þ3ä¬ê �� â í ëÂåRò�ç � ß�æ�é�à®äìù#ß�ê � à�ß²à í î�æ�ä�ß�ê�ç�ð�ôQß�æ�Þ í ê�òaé òaç�à�à æ�Þ>ä¬ê ÿ ÷ �ð � à�ß � ê3ä�ò â í ë�îRß�ê�ßaê � ò í à®à ßaê � ¦|× í ó ë í è®çÂæ�Þ>ä¬ê��ð � í è�Þ�ß � Þ�ç!è�÷ � Þ�ç�êÒæ�Þ�ç�ðØçìà�ß � êå3ä�è�ä¬ëöç�æ�ç�è��

²ß�ê3â|è�ç�äýà�ç�à �fò í ô�ç�èþâ í ëÂåRò�ç � ß�æ�évä¬ê3ð�ò²ä¬æ®ç�ê3âcé�ß²à í î�æ�ä�ß�ê�ç�ðÂôQÞ�ßaò�ç í ê�òaéÂä§à�ë�ä¬òaò

ß�ê>âcè�ç�äýà�ç6ß�êûà�ß � ê3ä¬ò�â í ë�î�ßaê�ß�ê � ò í à®àzäýà)å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcç_æ�è�äýðØç í�º ÷� ê3ä�ò�é#æ�ß²âvä¬å�åRè í äýâãÞ í ó å3ç�è ó í è�ë�ä�ê3âcç§ä�ê3ä¬òaé�à�ß²àzßaê�à�ßaê � òaç � å>ä¬æ�Þ�â�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àzßáà ä¬òáà í�� ç!ê�ç�è �

ä¬òaß ` çìð æ í æ�Þ3ä�æQß�êÂë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�ÞöâãÞ>ä¬ê�ê�ç!ò²àc÷!�%æ�Þ3äýà�î¡ç!ç�ê�ðØç�ë í ê3à�æ®è�ä¬æ®ç�ð§æ�Þ3ä�æSä§à�ò�ß � Þ#æ�ßaê3âcè�çìä4à�çß�êûâ í ëÂåRò�ç � ß�æ�é§ä�ê3ð�à�ß � ê3ä�ò´â í ë�î�ß�êRß�ê � ò í à®à í â�âcï�èñà�ß�ê�â í ëÂå3ä�è�ß²à í ê�æ í æ�Þ í à�ç6ß�ê�à�ß�ê � ò�ç � å3ä¬æ®Þâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²à|÷��Þ�ç�è®ç�à�ï�òaæ í ó æ�ç�à�æ ð#ç�à�ß � ê�ëÂß²à�ë�ä¬æñâãÞ§Þ>ä4àSà�Þ í ôQê�æ�Þ>ä¬æQæ�ÞRç§â í ëÂå�ò�ç � ßaæ�é£à�ä�ù#ß�ê � àè�çìä4â�Þ�ç�à�ëÂßaê�ß�ë§ï�ë ôQÞ�ç�è®ç@ê í æ�ç�à�æ ðØçìà�ß � ê�ëÂß²à�ë�ä¬æñâãÞ í â�â|ï�è�à|÷

� àÂä�êAç � æ�ç!ê3à�ß í ê�Sæ�Þ�ç�å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcç í ó æ�Þ�ç�â í ð#ç�äýâ ¼ ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í êpß�ê�â í ê » ï�ê>âcæ�ß í êpôQß�æ®Þÿ��

â�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò�ç�à�æ®ß�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê�ß²à6ä¬òáà í ß�ê#ù1ç�à�æ®ß � ä�æ�ç�ð9æ®Þ�è í ï � Þuà�ß�ë�ï�òáä¬æ�ß í ê\÷ � ðRðØß�æ®ß í ê>ä¬ò � ß � ê3ä¬ò�â í ë �î�ßaê�ß�ê � ò í à®à í ó òaç�à�à�æ®Þ3ä¬ê ÿ ÷ £ ð � ßáà í î3à�ç�è�ù1ç�ð�ß�ê�â í ëöå3ä¬è®ß²à í ê�æ í æ�ÞRç@è®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�è�ôQß�æ®ÞPå3ç�è ó ç�âcæâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò�õ#ê í ôQò�ç�ð � ç1÷ � ÞRç�ê�æ®Þ�ç í î>à�ç�è®ù4ä�æ�ß í êÂôQßaê3ð í ôpà�ß ` çQßaê3âcè�çìä4à�çìà��4æ®Þ�ç à�ß � ê3ä¬òLðØç�æ®ç�âcæ®ß í êå3ç�è ó í è�ë�ä�ê3âcç6â í ê#ù1ç�è � ç�à�æ í æ®Þ�ç6è�ç�âcç!ß�ù1ç�è�ôQß�æ®Þ�å¡ç!è ó ç�âcæSâ�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òLõØê í ôQòaç�ð � ç?÷

ÿ��

" ×$#¶Ô#×#Ð&%'Î§É�Ë�È('

) ÿ�* � í1í è�÷ � ÷,+ ßaê3âcç�ê#æ��.-0/21 /4365�798�:$;�3=<>7�/2367@?A<CB�/EDGFH84I�3JIK;�3=<>7�/LD�/E8MI�? 36<>NODG36<>7�/4�QP1å�è�ßaêERTS+�ç�è�òáäTRU�WVzç�ô�X í è®õY� ÿAZGZT[

) �T* V í ç�ò�÷C\ ÷�\�ß�ê��-0/]IK^�_WI 5�<>N`Ia/43=DGF?Abc? 3JI Nd?feA7�5g;ahUD�5KD�;�3JI 5�<jiA<>/kBmlf<>84I n�D�/E8porqtsu-vl�IK;�3=7�5

;ahUD�/E/WI�F,?wD�/E8x?ANOD�5�3f-0/43JI /E/EDT? � Ö ÷jP#âý÷E\�Þ�ç�à�ß²à �YyzïRç�ç�ê� à�zzê�ß�ù1ç!è�à�ßaæ�é§üzç�âý÷ �G{G{k{)}| *�~ ò í à�æ®ç�ß�ê\÷�P3÷ üv÷Eä¬ê>ð � ï3ä�êER�÷�\ ÷jPW�t�ñüzç�æ®ç�âcæ�ß í êÒà�ëûä¬ò�ò�ë í ùØßaêER � í î$��ç�âcæ�à�ßaê,ßaë�äTRýç�à�ç�S

� ï�ç�ê3âcçìàï3à�ß�êER£à�ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò3ÞØé#å í æ®Þ�ç�à�ßáàæ®ç�à�æ®ß�êER��4��1K��E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/Q��<CB�/EDGFY��5�7G�

;�I�?�?A<>/GBk��P$�rS | Z b �4d�� ÿA�Øÿ4ÿ��3ÿ9�k�GZ � ÿAZGZØÿ ÷) [G* Ø ß�ë�÷��÷ ~ � Ø ßaë�÷ Ø ÷_ä¬ê3ð��3ßaë�÷ ~ ÷}��`�� ó ä4à�æ'âcç�òaò�à�ç�ä�è�â�Þ�ä¬ò�R í è�ß�æ®Þ�ë ó í è ßaêØæ®ç�è�SWâcç�òaò

ä4à�éØê>âãÞ�è í ê í ï3à`�(S®ú�ü Ö �ªà�éRà�æ®ç�ë ï>à�ß�êUR�â í ð#çPÞ í å�å�ßaêER�ëÂç�æ�Þ í ðE�4��1 /��k��(��F�7�n�DGF

�WI�F�IK;�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�o�7�/ae9I 5�I /E;�I��W��äTR4ç ÿ | � | �>ÿ | �G� � ÿAZGZG ÷) � * �´÷W�zè í ß²ä�ê�ä¬ê3ð�ü�÷ × í î�ß²à í ê�f�ñüzß�è®ç�âcæQëÂç�æ®Þ í ð�à ó í èQç�¡Rä4âcæ�æ�è®ï�ê3â�ä�æ�ç�ð�à�ç � ï�ç!êØæ®ß²ä¬ò3æ®ç�à�æñà

í ó æ�Þ�ç6ëÂç�ä�ê í ó ä§ê í è®ë�ä¬òGðØß²à�æ�è�ßaî�ï�æ®ß í ê¢�4��WIK;ahU/E7�N`I�365�<>;�? � ÿýÿ b [ d�� G�Øÿ��$� � �4� ÿAZG�GZ ÷

ÿ��kZ

) �T* P3÷�\eä�êØæñä¬è�ä�æ�ä�ê3ä9ä�ê3ð � ÷,+£÷C� í1í è��£�� à�é#ëÂå í æ í æ�ßáâ@ç�¤ûâcßaç�ê3âcßaç�à í ó æ®è�ï�ê>â�ä¬æ®ç�ð�à�ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬òæ�çìà�æ�àK�4�E1��U5�D�/�?AD�; 3=<>7�/�?07�/.1 /�eA7�5�NODG36<>7�/¥�YhWIK7�5 bT��ù í ò�÷G�J\�S �G �fê í ÷ � �4å�å\÷ Z#ÿ4ÿ S Zk� | �ÿ�Zk G� ÷

) � * �3ß¦�Eä¬ê§��¨�DT?9I��W3=DG36<>7�/©¨�DT?9I n�D�/U8]q�<CB�<�3=DGFr��5K7T;�IK?�?A<>/GBdeA7�5dª�I�^93O�tI /�Ia5�DG36<>7�/(orqts�-

��b�? 3�I Nd? �W«�÷�P�úS÷W\�Þ�ç�à�ß²à¬ySï�ç�ç!ê� à�zzêRß�ù1ç�èñà�ß�æ�é��V í ù+÷�� ÿ�ZkZGZ ÷) T* P3÷�\ ÷jP1æñä¬ê�òaç�éPú�ÞRß²ä§ä¬ê>ð�pßaò�òaß²ä¬ë;úS÷}X§÷j��®�®��r��¢à�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê�ß ` ç�ð�è�äýðØß í à�é�à�æ�ç�ë ôQß�æ®Þ í ïRæ

à�æñä¬î�òaçQâcò í âãõ�à í ïRè�âcç�àK�4�41K��¯�¬Ia5�?A7�/EDGF�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/.s�D�B�DTiA<>/�I��zåRè�÷�� G{k{Øÿ�[ �cS°� {

) ZT*�± ÷�� ð�ä4â�Þ�ß6�²«�÷pP#ä�ôQä¬Þ>ä4à�ÞRß=�Òä¬ê3ð � ÷pP1ï3ð�ä$�M�K�pß²ðØç�î>ä¬ê3ð üdPkS�ú�üt«p� ó í è¢ê�ç�¡#æ�SR4ç!ê�ç�è�ä�æ�ß í ê�ë í î�ß�òaçvâ í ëÂë�ï�ê�ßáâ�ä¬æ®ß í ê3àzà�é�à�æ�ç�ëûà��³1K��´o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?Os�D�B�DTiA<>/�I��

P1ç�åRæ�÷ ÿ�ZkZG åRåW� � S �kZ) ÿA{T* ®Q÷ ü ä�Þ�ò�ëûä¬ê� ~ ÷ ~ ï3ð#ë�ï�ê>ð�à í ê�«�÷CVSß�ò²à®à í ê�ä¬ê3ð²µ�÷�P1õ í òáðY��zt«p\¬P À �J«p\�S �k{G{k{ î3ä4à�ç�ð

í ê�ôQß²ðØç!î3ä¬ê3ð9ú�üt«p�0�4�Y1��o�7�NONO:4/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?ts¥D�B�DTiA<>/�I��P1ç�åRæ�÷ ÿAZGZk �+å�å � { S G{

) ÿýÿ�*�¶ ÷��ä¬êURE��_EDG36<>DGFC��WI N¬_U7�5�DGFE��<CB�/EDGF��5�79;�I�?�?A<>/kB�eA7�5�s¥:�F�3=<>:G?9I 5Oorqts�-�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG�

36<>7�/³��bc? 3JI Nd? �W�EÞ3ü¶üSß²à�à�ç�è�æñä¬æ®ß í ê§�YyzïRç�ç�ê� à�zzê�ß�ù1ç!è�à�ßaæ�éOµ4ï�òaé1÷ ÿ�ZkZGZ) ÿA�T* ~ ÷jP3÷ �zí à®ä¬êER?ä4ðØß6�úS÷}�Z÷ ~ ä¬ïRëp�£� � éØî�è®ß²ð�à�ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò�äýâ � ï�ß²à�ß�æ�ß í ê�à®âãÞ�ç!ëÂç�à ó í è@ê í ê3â í S

Þ�ç�è®ç�ê#æ â�Þ�ß�å$S�äýà�é#ê3âãÞRè í ê í ï3à ügP À PEP}à�éRà�æ®ç�ë�àK�4�1 /²�k��(·�I�hU<>;A:�F�D�5p�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�bpo�7�/4�

e9I 5�I /E;�I��«�ä�é ÿAZGZG �eú�ü ¶ � «

) ÿ | * ~ ÷jP3÷ �zí à®ä¬êER?ä4ðØß6�úS÷}�Z÷ ~ ä¬ïRëp�£� � éØî�è®ß²ð�à�ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò�äýâ � ï�ß²à�ß�æ�ß í ê�à®âãÞ�ç!ëÂç�à ó í è@ê í ê3â í SÞ�ç�è®ç�ê#æ â�Þ�ß�å$S�äýà�é#ê3âãÞRè í ê í ï3à ügP À PEP}à�éRà�æ®ç�ë�àK�4�1 /²�k��(·�I�hU<>;A:�F�D�5p�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�bpo�7�/4�

e9I 5�I /E;�I��«�ä�é1÷ ÿAZGZGZ ��+¸\zúAú�ü¹S ¶ � «

ÿ | {

) ÿ [G* X§÷ � ÷j�3ç�ç��4P3÷C\´ä¬æñä¬èñä¬æ�ä�ê3ä4�f� P1ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò3äýâ � ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê í ó ��V�à�ç � ï�ç�ê>âcç�à ó í èQüdP À PEP�â í ë`S

ë�ï�ê�ß²â!ä¬æ�ß í ê3à � ðØç�à�ß�Rýê�ä¬ê3ð�å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcçc�4��1��ºE7�:$5 /EDGFE7�/.�I�F�IK;�3�IK8.-05aIKDT?�<>/mo�7�N.�

NO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �¡ù í ò%÷ ÿA{ �UV í [ �W«�ä�é ÿAZGZG�) ÿ � * P3÷�\eä�æ�ä¬èñä¬æñä¬ê3ä$�O��÷,�Z÷��Lä¬ëp��´÷Cµ�÷,+_ß�ê3âcç!êØæA�x��V í ê>â í Þ�ç!è�ç�ê#æ�à�ç � ï�ç�ê#æ�ßáä¬ò6äýâ � ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê í ó

��V�à�ç � ï�ç�ê>âcç�à ó í è�ügP À PEP}â í ëÂë�ïRê�ß²â|ä¬æ®ß í ê>à�ôQß�æ�Þ À ôQß�æ®Þ í ïRæ�â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�ò ó äýðØß�êUR��4�f1K��

�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?¹7�/Qo�7�NONO:4/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�? �4ù í ò%÷ [ | �9V í � À | À [ � ± ç�î�è®ï3ä¬è®é À «�ä¬è�â�Þ À �zå�è�ßaò ÿAZGZ �) ÿA�T*�» ÷,X§÷}� í êERE�$s�:�FC3=<��°:�?9I 5�<>/43JI 5�e9I 5aI /U;�I�;�D�/E;�I�F�F�DG3=<>7�/m<>/xq0�W��orqtsu-¼lf<�3½h�eA7�5 lfD�5K8�Ia5�5K7�5

;�7�5 5aIK;�36<>7�/4��ySï�ç!ç�ê� à�zSê�ß�ù1ç�èñà�ßaæ�é��4P1ç�å �G{k{G{

) ÿ � *�¶ ÷j�´÷C�´ç�æ�ç�èñà í ê� ¶ ÷ ¶ ÷�¾3ß�ç�ëöçcèLä¬ê>ð@üv÷C®Q÷ ~ í è�æ�Þ§�G1 /4365�798�:$;�3=<>7�/.367¬��_�5aIKD�8£��_WIK;�365�:$Nvo�7�N.�

NO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �Y�Eè�ç!êØæ®ß²âcç � ä¬òaò ÿ�ZkZ �) ÿA T* «�÷ » ÷�P1ß�ë í ê��µ�÷ » ÷ � ë�ï�èñä4� ¶ ÷C�v÷jP#â�Þ í òaæ ` � ~ ÷ » ÷j�3ç�ù#ß�æA�E��_�5aIKD�8.��_WIK;�365�:$N¿o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG�

36<>7�/�?�À�·E7GF�:$NO/]1K1�1�ú í ëÂå�ï�æ®ç�ètP#âcßaç�ê3âcç0�Eè�ç�à®à ÿAZG 9[) ÿAZT* úS÷ � ÷ üzç�êURE��-�¨¹:45�? 3�s¥7T84I��ªÁ-¹;�Â�:$<j?A<�3=<>7�/Q��5K79;�I�?�?A7�5§eA7�5¬q�<>5�IK;�3r�IKÂA:¢I /U;�Id��_�5�IKD�8G�

��_WIK;�365�:$N.�W«�÷jPfâ4÷Øæ®Þ�ç�à�ßáà��Uzzê�ß�ù1ç!è�à�ßaæ�é í ó ú�ä�ò�ß ó í è�ê�ßáä§ä¬æt� í àt�zêERýç�ò�ç�à � ÿAZGZG ) �k{T* µ�÷,�Z÷ ú�ÞØïRêERE�k��÷Cµ1ä¬êURE�kµ�÷j�3ç�ç��X£÷Cµ4ç í êERE�E��® º ç�â|æ í ó â í ð#ç�äýâ � ï�ß²à�ß�æ�ß í êvðØç�à�ß�Rýê@å>ä¬è�ä�ëÂç�æ®ç�è�à

ß�ê�æ®Þ�ç��«p\�S �G{k{G{ à�é�à�æ�ç�ë�4�E1 /�ÃEÄ�Ä�Ä�·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5��IK;�hU/E7GF�7�B�b�o�7�/ae9Ia5aI /E;�I

) �#ÿ�* � ÷��zê3ð í Þ�Å«�÷jP#ä�ôQä�Þ3ä4à�Þ�ß=� ä¬ê3ð ± ÷C� ð�äýâãÞRß=� �cú�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�ò;çìà�æ�ßaë�ä¬æ®ß í ê ï3à�ß�êER æ®ß�ëÂç Së�ï�ò�æ®ß�å�òaç�¡Øç!ð9å�ßaò í æ�à�éØë�î í òáà ó í è�â í ÞRç�è�ç�ê#æ ¶ ä¬õ1çûâ í ë�î�ß�êRß�êER ó í è�ügPGS�ú�ü0«p� ë í î�ßaò�çè�äýðØß í �4�.1K��1cor�Æ�U5�D�/�?AD�;�3=<>7�/�?�7�/�o�7�NONO:4/E/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?öù í ò�÷£® Øÿ S ~ ��µ4ï�ò�é ÿ�ZGZk � å�åG÷ÿ | � ��S ÿ | � |

ÿ | ÿ

) �k�T* P3÷��zî3ç�æ�ä$�Y«�÷�P#ä�ôQä¬Þ>ä4à�ÞRß=�Lä¬ê3ð ± ÷�� ð�äýâãÞ�ß6�f��eç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcçvâ í ëÂå>ä¬è�ßáà í êPî3ç�æ�ô�ç�ç�ê9æ®ß�ëÂç Së�ï�ò�æ®ß�å�òaç�¡Øç!ð�å�ßaò í æ�â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò\ä�ê3ð�å3ä�è�ä�ò�ò�ç!ò+å�ßaò í æ�â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò ó í èQâ í Þ�ç�è®ç�êØæ�èñä¬õ1ç6â í ë�îRß�ê�ßaêERß�ê£üdPGS®ú�üt«p�,ë í î�ß�òaçEè�äýðØß í �4�E1��19or�¼�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?¹7�/�o�7�NONO:4/U/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?\ù í ò�÷G® Øÿ S~ �Wµ4ï�òaé ÿAZGZG �+å�å\÷ ÿ [�ÿ � S ÿ�[��

) � | * P3÷ ± ïRõØï�ë í æ í ��«�÷ÇPfäìôþä¬Þ3äýà�Þ�ß6��ä¬ê3ð ± ÷C� ðRä4â�Þ�ß=��«�ä�æ�â�Þ�ç�ð��3ò�æ®ç�è�S�î3äýà�ç�ð ¶ � » ®¢â í ë`S

î�ßaê�ç�è ó í è9ôQßáðØç�î3ä�ê3ð¢üdPGS®ú�üt«p� ë í î�ßaò�ç�è�äýðØß í �4�`1K��19or� �E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?¯7�/vo�7�N.�

NO:$/E/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?Qù í ò�÷W® Øÿ S ~ �Wµ4ï�òaé ÿ�ZkZG �3å�å\÷ ÿ | 9[ S ÿ | Z#ÿ) �9[G* ®Q÷ � ÷ üzß�ê>ä¬êÛä¬ê3ð ~ ÷�µ1ä¬î�î>ä¬è�ß6�Q��P1åRè�ç�äýðØß�êER â í ðØç�à ó í è}ðØß�è®ç�âcæ�à�ç � ï�ç�ê>âcç�ú�üt«p�½ä¬ê3ð

ôQß²ð#ç�î3ä¬ê>ðAú�üt«p� âcç�òaò�ï�òáä¬è§ê�ç�æ�ô í è�õRà��$�d1K��Èo�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?us�D�B�DTiA<>/WI��dP1ç!å�æ�÷ÿ�ZkZG åRå [� SJ� [

) � � *�¶ ÷ úS÷#üzß�¡ í ê§��_�5�IKD�8d��_WIK;�3=5 :$N��b�? 3�IaNd?�lf<�3>hpo�7�NON`I 5K;�<>DGFE-£_�_WFÉ<>;�DG3=<>7�/4�$�pß�òaç�é�� ÿAZGZ9[) �k�T* µ�÷ ~ ÷��·è í ä�õØßáà��Yq�<CB�<�36DGF�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/pÊ�5K8IK8�<�36<>7�/4�W«�â�Rýè�ä�ô£S � ß�òaò=�$\ í è í êØæ í � ÿAZGZ �) � � * \ ÷jP>÷ ¶ ä¬å�å3ä�å í è�æA�HË�<>5�I�F�I�?�?]o�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?H�t��5 <>/E;�<,_WF�I�?³D�/E8]��5KD�;�3=<>;�IK? �f�Eè�ç�ê#æ�ßáâcç

� ä�ò�ò=�U\ í è í êØæ í � ÿ�ZGZk�) �k T* ~ ÷C�zòaß ó æ®ß�è�äýà��GÌ0IK;�I Í�<ÎI 5f1 N¬_WF�I N`Ia/43=DG36<>7�/�?eA7�5¦Dxorq0s�-Ï;�I�F�F�:�F�D�5£��bc? 3JI N.�k«�ä¬æ�ç!è�� à�\�Þ�ç�S

à�ßáà��E+ ßaè�Rýß�ê�ßáä.� í ò�é#æ�ç�â�Þ�ê�ßáât�%ê3à�æ®ß�æ�ïRæ�ç6ä�ê3ð¥P1æñä¬æ®ç.zSê�ß�ù1ç�èñà�ßaæ�é��µ4ï�ò�é ÿ�ZGZk�) �kZT* P3÷��Eä¬è®õØùýä¬òaò=�f��z à�ç�èSå3ç�è ó í è�ë�ä�ê3âcç6ùýä¬è®ß²ä¬îRß�ò�ßaæ�éÂß�ê}üdPGS®ú�üt«p�¶à�é�à�æ�ç�ë�à�Sþò í êER�ùRàSà�Þ í è�æ

à�åRè�ç�äýðØß�êER}à�ç � ï�ç�ê>âcç�à��$��1K��Ð�¹FÉ7�n�DGFt��I�F�IK;�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/Ïo�7�/ae9I 5aIa/E;�I6ù í ò%÷ � ��V í ùÿ�ZkZG �+å�å\÷ � � [ | S � � [�

ÿ | �

),| {T* � ÷�P3÷ ú�Þ3ä�êERE�fX£÷,�Z÷C��ä¬è�õ�ä�ê3ð©X§÷ � ÷j�3ç!ç��üdPGSKPEP�ä4â � ï�ßáà�ßaæ�ß í ê�î3äýà�ç�ð í êÒà�ß�ë�ï�òaæ�ä¬ê í ï3àà�çìä¬è�â�Þ�ä¬ê3ð�ù1ç�è�ß��Lâ�ä�æ�ß í êW�4�W1 /©�k��x1K��´·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5��IK;�hU/E7GF�7�B�b�o�7�/ae9Ia5aI /E;�I�� ÿ�ZGZk �

),| ÿ�* z�÷ ú�Þ�ç�êERU�G�k�eç�è ó í è�ë�ä�ê3âcç í ó äSâcò²äýà�à í ó å3ä�è�ä�ò�ò�ç!ò#à�å�è®ç�ä4ðvà�å3ç�âcæ®è�ï�ëZäýâ � ï�ß²à�ß�æ�ß í êvà�â�Þ�ç�ëöç�àß�ê§æ®Þ�çQæ�ÞRçQå�è�ç�à�ç�ê3âcç í ó ð�ä¬æñä�ë í ðØï�ò²ä�æ�ß í êW�$�¢1K��Ñ�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/Q7�/�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �

+ í ò�÷ | åRå\÷W� Zk� S �G{T[ ��«�äìé ÿ�ZkZG �),| �T*�¶ ÷ ¶ ÷ ¶ ß²â�õY�t�´÷ ~ ÷�«9ß�òáà�æ�ç!ß�ê�H��Eä�è�ä¬òaò�ç�òväýâ � ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê�ß�ê¢ë í î�ß�òaç�üdPGS®ú�üt«p�Æà�é�à�æ�ç�ë�àK�4�

1��´�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�7�/²o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �E+ í ò%÷ [ �4�3å�å\÷ ÿ [��k� S ÿ�[ � � V í ù1ç�ë�î3ç�è ÿAZGZ � �),|k| * �Z÷j¾3Þ>ä4�tP3÷ üv÷ ~ ò í à�æ®ç�ß�ê��%ëÂå�è í ù1çìðBú�üt«p� ë�ï�ò�æ®ß�ï3à�ç�è�è®ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�è�à�è í î�ï3à�æ�æ í æ®ß�ëÂßaêER

ç�è®è í èñà��$�¹1K��1 /$3�I 5 /EDG36<>7�/EDGFgo�7�/ae9I 5�I /E;�I7�/¯-¹;�7�:�? 36<>;a?�Àt��_�I�IK;�h�À�D�/E8��<CB�/EDGF£��5�7G�

;�I�?�?A<>/GBk�{ú�ü¹S ¶ � «Ò«�ä�é �k{G{#ÿ �),| [G* P#ä�ëÂß�ê3ä�ú�Þ í ôSðØÞØïRè�é��!«9ß²â�Þ3ä¬ç�ò�ü�÷f¾ í òaæ í ôSà�õ#ßt� P1æ�è®ï3âcæ�ïRè�ç�ð�«p«©P$®Aç � ï3ä�ò�ß ` ä¬æ�ß í ê ó í è

à�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï>à�ú�üt«p�¢ôQßaæ�Þ�à�å3ä�è�à�ç@ë�ï�òaæ�ß�å>ä¬æ�Þöâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àK�4�Y1��1 /$3�I 5 /EDG36<>7�/EDGF�o�7�/4�

e9I 5�I /E;�I�7�/³-�;�7�:G? 36<>;a?�Àf��_WI�IK;ah�À�D�/E8x��<CB�/EDGF��5K79;�I�?�?A<>/GBO�+ú�ü¹S ¶ � «Å«�ä�é �G{k{Øÿ �),| � * ~ ÷j�´÷�P1æ�ï�î3ç�è!÷Y��5�<>/E;A<,_WF�IO7�e0s�<>7�n�<�F�IHo�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/4� » ò�ï#ô�ç�è�� â�äýðØç�ëÂßáâG� ÿ�ZkZG�),| �T* �Z÷ úS÷}X§÷j�3ç!ç��O� � ù1ç�è�ù#ß�ç!ô í ó âcç�òaò�ï�òáä¬è�ú�üt«p�t�4�t1K�� U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?¯7�/Ó·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5

�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�bO�E+ í ò%÷ [�{ �WV í � � �kZØÿ S | {k� «�ä�é ÿAZGZØÿ),| � *�¶ ÷j�´÷C�Eßáâãõ#Þ í òaæ ` �G�´÷ ~ ÷C«9ßaò²à�æ®ç�ß�ê§��ü�÷j�´÷�P#âãÞRß�ò�òaß�êERU�E��P1åRè�ç�äýð§à�å3ç�âcæ®è�ï�ë ó í èEë í î�ß�òaç�â í ëÂë�ï4S

ê�ßáâ�ä¬æ®ß í ê>à��4��1��Ô�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?w7�/2·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5©�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�b9�r+ í ò�÷ [�{ �V í � � | ÿ | S | �k�«�ä�é ÿ�ZkZØÿ

ÿ |k|

),| T*�» ÷jP3÷ ~ ß�ò�Þ í ï3à�ç�ê�$��÷C«�÷Cµ1äýâ í î>à�� ¶ ÷C��ä4ð í ùýä¬ê�ß6�$��÷Cµ�÷}+ ß�æ®ç�è�î�ß6�4�´÷C�v÷,��ç�ä�ù1ç�è��1úS÷C®Q÷,�pÞRç�ä¬æ®ò�é�� ê â�ä¬å3äýâcß�æ�é í ó ä�âcç�òaò�ï�òáä¬è§ú�üt«p�ªà�éRà�æ®ç�ë�àK�4�£1��Å�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?u7�/v·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5

�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�bO�E+ í ò%÷ [�{ �WV í � ��å�å | { | S | ÿA� «�äìé ÿ�ZGZ#ÿ),| ZT* �Z÷ ¶ ÷ ~ èñä¬ï�ê§�¹��VYäýâ � ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê�ä¬ê3ð æ®è�äýâãõ#ß�êERöå¡ç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcç�ßaê�ügP À ú�üt«p� à�éRà�æ®ç�ë�à

ôQß�æ®Þvà�é#ë�î í òýò�ç�êUR4æ�Þ£à�å�è®ç�ä4ð#ß�êERSà�ç � ïRç�ê3âcç�àK�4��1��2�U5�D�/�?AD�;�3=<>7�/�?�7�/Qo�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/

�E+ í ò�÷ [ �$�WV í ÿ�� å�å ÿ � Z �cS ÿ��G{#ÿ V í ù ÿ�ZkZ �) [�{T* X§÷ � ÷j�3ç�ç��4P3÷Cµ�÷ » ß�ëp�W��P1ç � ï�ç!ê3âcç6äýâ � ïRß²à�ßaæ�ß í ê í ó üdPGS®ú�üt«p�Zà�éRà�æ®ç�ë�àEç�ëÂåRò í éØßaêER ~ í òáð

à�ç � ï�ç!ê3âcç�àK�4��1��Å�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?]7�/v·�IK;ahU<>;�:�F�D�5&�WIK;ahU/E7GFÉ7aB�b¥�£+ í ò%÷ [�Z �$�£V í � ��å�å� | Z � S �9[�{ � V í ù �k{G{k{

) [Rÿ�* «�÷j¾´÷}�pß�ê� ~ ÷ ú�ÞRè�ß²à�ß�õ í à��gV�÷ ¶ ÷�P í òaò�ç�î3ç�èKR4ç�èA�x��eç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcç í ó ¶ � » ®Yè�çìâcç�å�æ®ß í êpßaêðØç�ê>à�ç�ë�ï�òaæ�ß�å>ä¬æ�ÞûâãÞ3ä�ê�ê�ç�ò � ßaëÂå�òaß²â�ä�ß�æ�ß í ê í ó à�å�è�çìä4ðØßaêER�î>ä¬ê3ðØôQßáðØæ�Þ�ä�ê3ð9à�ç�ò�çìâcæ�ß í ê�ðØßjSù1ç�èñà�ß�æ�é í èñðØç�è��4�E1��L�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?07�/x�I�F�IK;�3�IK8O-05aIKDT?�<>/uo�7�NONO:4/E<>;�DG36<>7�/O��+ í ò%÷ ÿA �V í �¡å�å ÿ � ÿ�� S ÿ � � ��zïER �k{G{k{

) [��T* µ�÷,��ä¬êURE��µ�÷ ú�Þ�ç�ê�W��eç!è ó í è®ë�ä¬ê>âcç í ó ôQß²ðØç�î>ä¬ê3ð�ú�üt«p�Òà�é#æ�ç�ë�à3ôQß�æ®Þ�â í ëÂå�òaç�¡Sà�åRè�ç�äýð�Sß�êUR�ä¬ê3ð�ß�ëÂå3ç�è ó ç�âcæ�â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò\ç�à�æ�ß�ëûä¬æ�ß í êW�$�E1��Õ�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/³�I�F�IK;�3�IK8Q-05aIKDT?¸<>/

o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/m�E+ í ò%÷ ÿ� �EV í �¡å�å ÿ � ÿ�� S ÿ � � ��zïER �k{G{k{

) [ | *�¶ ÷C�Eè�ßáâcç��$�e÷�®)÷ ~ è�ç�ç�ê§�r��Zâ í ëÂë�ï�ê�ß²â!ä¬æ�ß í ê§æ®ç�âãÞRê�ß � ï�ç�à ó í èQë�ï�ò�æ®ß�å3ä�æ�ÞöâãÞ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òÖ�4�Y��5�7G�

;�I�IK8�<>/GBT?�7�eg3>hWIt1�Ì��åRå��k�G��SJ� � { «�ä¬èñâãÞ ÿ�Z � ) [k[G* ü�÷ ~ ÷ ~ è�ç�êRê3ä¬ê�¦��3ß�êRç�ä¬è6ð#ß�ù1ç�èñà�ß�æ�é�â í ë�î�ß�ê�ßaêER§æ�çìâãÞ�êRß � ï�ç�à��$��5K7T;�I�IK8�<>/kBT?�7�eO3>hWI.1�Ì��

�¦ù í ò [ � �¦åRå ÿ�{ � ��S ÿýÿ�{G��ÿ�Z � ÿ | [

) [ � * � ÷ �zí òaë�ä4��÷C\ í à�õ4ä�ò²ä$�£Ë�orqts�-�n�DT?9IK8¬eA7�5Q×�s@�Y�ØrÌ¹D�8�<>7�-¹;�;�I�?�?�eA7�5Q�YhU<>5�8��tI /�Ia5a�

DG36<>7�/³s�7�n�<�F�IHo�7�NONO:$<>;�DG36<>7�/�? �Wµ í Þ�êu�pß�òaç�é) [��T* «�÷j�´÷�« í Þ�ç!è��Cµ�÷ � ÷j� í ð$R4ç��E��\zú¦«p�!SWäzë í ð#ï�ò²ä�æ�ß í êvä¬ê3ðvâ í ðØß�êURSà�æ�èñä¬æ®ç�R4é ó í è ¶ ß²âcßáä¬ê ó äýð�S

ß�êUR6âãÞ>ä¬ê�ê�ç!ò>�4�$1��Á�U5�D�/�?AD�;�3=<>7�/�?07�/x�I�F�IK; 3�IK8.-05aIKDT?�<>/�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/4�1ù í òWP$��úfS

� �lå�å ÿ | [ � S ÿ | �k��üzç�â4÷ ÿ�ZG kZ) [ � * µ�÷ » ÷ ú�äìù1ç!è�à��E�!�zê£ä¬ê3ä�ò�éRà�ß²à í ó å�ß�ò í æ´à�é#ë�î í ò1äýà�à�ßáà�æ®ç�ð�ë í ðØï�òáä¬æ®ß í ê ó í è ¶ ä�éØòaç�ß�RýÞ ó äýðØß�êUR

â�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àK�4�t1�� U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?]7�/(�I�F�IK;�3JIK8&-05aIKDT?]<>/2o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/4�zù í ò¬+g\�S

[�{ �¦å�å �G kZ S �GZ | V í ùL÷ ÿAZGZØÿ) [� T* P3÷�P3÷jP#ä�ëÂå3ç�ßSä¬ê>ð�\ ÷jP1ï�ê>äTR1ä$�O� ¶ ä�é#ò�ç�ß�R4Þ ó ä4ð#ß�êER'â í ëÂå3ç�ê3à®ä¬æ®ß í ê ó í èmy0�t« ß�êÒò²ä�ê3ð

ë í î�ß�òaç�è�äýðØß í â í ëöë�ï�êRß�â!ä¬æ�ß í ê3àK�4��1��L�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?g7�/¯·�I�hU<>;�:�F�D�5Q��IK;�hU/E7GF�7�B�bT�#ù í ò+g\�S [�� ¦å�å ÿ | � S ÿ [ � «�ä�é1÷ ÿAZGZ |

) [�ZT*�± ÷��3ß�êERU�£��ú í ÞRç�è�ç�ê#æ_ðØç�æ�çìâcæ�ß í ê9ôQßaæ�Þ�è®ç ó ç�è�ç!ê3âcç�SWà�é#ë�î í ò+î3äýà�ç�ð9ç�à�æ�ßaë�ä¬æ®ß í ê ó í è6ðØß�è®ç�âcæà�ç � ï�ç!ê3âcç ú�üt«p�,ï�åRò�ß�êRõ§â í ëÂë�ïRê�ß²â�ä�æ�ß í êW�$�9��VÁ�k��Êp·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5Q��IK;ahU/U7GF�7�B�b`o�7�/ae9Ia5a�

I /E;�I��¡å�å [�{k{ S [�{ | Vzç!ôÏµ4ç�è�à�ç�émzdP$��E«�ä�é1÷ ÿAZGZ |) � {T* P3÷��zè�ßaé#äìù#ß²à�ß�æñä¬õ#ï�ò�ò6�£�QP1ß�Rýê3ä¬òSä�ê3ð�ß�ê#æ�ç�è ó ç�è�ç!ê3âcçöà�æ�ä�æ�ßáà�æ�ßáâ�à í ó ä ú�ü0«p� à�é�à�æ�ç�ë½ôQß�æ®Þ

ó ç�ç�ð#î3ä4â�õ å í ô�ç!è§â í êØæ®è í ò£S�å3ä¬è®æH��J�4��1��Ù�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/(7�/�o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?Q�lù í ò[�� ¦å�å]� Z � S �G{Q± ç�î À «�ä¬è!÷ À �Så�è�÷ ÿAZGZT[

) � ÿ�* P3÷�P1ç í ��\ ÷�ð í Þ�ß=� ± ÷C� ðRä4â�Þ�ß=��(P$� ¶ S%î3äýà�ç�ð,æ®è�ä�ê3à�ëÂßaæ�å í ô�ç�èöâ í êØæ®è í ò í ó è�ç�ù1ç�èñà�ç�ò�ßaê�õó í èþâ í ÞRç�è�ç�ê#æ�üdPGS®ú�üt«p�Aë í î�ß�òaç�èñä4ðØß í �4�W1��19or��E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?¸7�/¥o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?

�¦ù í ò® Øÿ S ~ �lå�å ÿ � {k S ÿ � ÿA� �µ4ï�òaé ÿ�ZkZG ÿ | �

) � �T* X§÷ �zí ê3ðRä�ä¬ê3ð » ÷Cµ1ä�ë�ä¬ò6�¹�Âú�Þ>ä¬ê�ê�ç!òQç�à�æ®ß�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê î>ä4à�çìð í ê'æ�ß�ëöç�S%ë�ï�ò æ�ßaå�ò�ç ¡#ç�ðPå�ßaò í æà�é#ë�î í ò²à¦�4��®��ú¦®(\\ç�â�Þ�ê�ßáâ�ä¬ò ¶ ç�å í è�æ ¶ ú�P Zk� S � { ��zïER4ï>à�æ ÿ�ZkZG�

) � | * P3÷�\eä�êØæñä¬è�ä�æ�ä�ê3ä4� � ÷£+§÷�� í1í èA�`�� à�é#ëÂå�æ í æ�ßáâPè®ç�ò²ä�æ�ß�ù1ç�ç�¤ûâcß�ç�ê>âcß�ç�à í ó \{è®ï�ê3â�ä�æ�ç�ð2P1ç�S� ï�ç�ê#æ�ß²ä�ò¦\{ç�à�æ�àK�4��1��Ù�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?u7�/©1a/aeA7�5�NODG36<>7�/2�YhWIK7�5�b9�eù í ò%÷f�J\�S �G �ê í ÷ � �å�å Z#ÿ4ÿ S Zk� | � ÿAZG G�

) � [G* ��÷}��ä�ò²ðY�W-.ÚCÀ��IKÂ�:EI /436<>DGF-0/EDGF�bc?A<j?¹Vzç�ôÏX í è�õ � �pßaò�ç�é�� ÿ�Z9[ �) �k� * � ÷��3ß�ï�!«�÷ ü�÷�¾ í ò�æ í ôSà�õ#ß=�¬� ~ ò�ßaê3ð ç � ï3ä¬òaß ` ä�æ�ß í ê�ß�ê'ä�êØæ®ç�ê�ê3ä�ä�è�è�ä�é'ú�üt«p�;à�é�à�æ�ç�ë�àK�4�

1��´�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/³��<CB�/UDGF��5�79;�I�?�?A<>/kBG�4+ í ò [ �4�WV í ÿ �Wµ1ä�ê\÷ ÿ�ZkZ �) � �T* ySï3ä¬òáâ í ëöëp�4h$3Û3j_ØÝÜ�Ü�lfl!l�Ú�Â�:$DGF�;�7�NON`Ú�;�7�N¬ÜW3�IK;�hU/E7GF�7�B�b

) � � * | ~ ��r��e 3�_ØÝÜ�Ü�e 3j_Ú�Ê�B�_�_Ú�7�5ÛB�ÜE?J_WIK;a?JÜWF�DG3JI�? 3�Ü

) � T* P3÷�« í à�Þ>äìù#ß=��«9ï�ò�æ®ßjS�ï3à�ç�è�ðØç!æ�ç�âcæ®ß í ê ó í èQüdPGS®ú�üt«p�Êú í ëÂë�ï�ê�ß²â!ä¬æ�ß í ê3àK�4�41K��Ño�7�N.�

NO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�?ds¥D�B�DTiA<>/�I�� âcæ�÷ ÿ�ZkZG�) � ZT* P3÷}+ç!è�ðØï�f��«9ß�ê�ßaë�ïRë�å�è í î3ä¬î�ßaò�ßaæ�é í ó ç�è®è í è ó í è6ä4à�éØê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï3à¬R1ä�ï3à�à�ß²ä�ê�ë�ï�òaæ�ßaå�ò�ç_ä4âaS

âcç�à®àEâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àK�4�41K��L�U5�D�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?07�/.1 /aeA7�5 NODG36<>7�/©�YhWIK7�5�b9�¬ù í ò%÷��\�S | � �4ê í ÷ ÿ �$µ1ä¬êG÷ÿ�Zk G� �+å�å\÷ �cS ZG�

) �k{T* �´÷ ~ ÷�«9ß�òáà�æ�ç!ß�ê��pßáðØç�î3ä�ê3ð9â í ðØç§ðØßaùØßáà�ß í ê�ë�ïRò�æ�ßaå�ò�çSäýâ�âcç�à®à��$��1K��´�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/

�I�F�IK;�3�IK8Q-05aIKDT?�<>/�o�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/4��ù í ò ÿ� �CV í �¡å�å ÿ | [G[ SJ� [ �zïER�÷ �k{G{k{) �#ÿ�*�± ÷�� ð�ä4â�Þ�ß6�W«�÷jP#ä�ôQä�Þ3ä4à�Þ�ß=�f�0�pß²ðØç�î>ä¬ê3ð�ôQß�è�ç!ò�ç�à®àQä4â�âcçìà�àQî3ä4à�ç�ð í ê}üdPGS®ú�üt«p�t�4��1��¦�

19or�Õ�U5�D�/�?AD�;�3=<>7�/�?O7�/²o�7�NONO:$/E/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?0�¦ù í ò�® #ÿ S ~ �¦å�å ÿ | { ��S ÿ | ÿA� �rµ4ïRò�é ÿ�ZGZk ÿ | �

) �k�T* P3÷}+ç!è�ðØï�Ws�:�FC36<>:�?9I 5�84I�3JIK;�3=<>7�/$�{ú�ä�ë�î�è®ß²ð4Rýçgzzê�ßaù1ç�è�à�ß�æ�éH�Eè�ç�à®à�� ÿAZGZG ) � | * µ�÷ úS÷��3ß�î3ç�è®æ�ß=��\ ÷jP3÷ ¶ ä�å�å3ä¬å í è�æ��E��NOD�5�3!D�/43�Ia/E/EDT?feA7�5�lf<>5�I�F�I�?�?0;�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�?9Ø£1K�W�J��Þ

D�/E8²�YhU<>5�8m�tI /�I 5KDG3=<>7�/²orq0s�-�-£_�_WFÉ<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �W�Eè®ç�êØæ®ß²âcç � ä¬òaò=� ÿAZGZkZ) �9[G* �´÷C®Q÷«9ßaò�òaç�è��Wµ�÷�P3÷j�3ç�ç��£orqtsu-ÓI /kB�<>/�I�I 5 <>/GB�?Abc? 3JI Nd?.hUD�/U8�n�7T7Tßc��zè�æ®ç�â�Þ �Sí ï3à�çH�·ïRî4S

ò�ßáà�Þ�ç!è�� âcæ!÷ ÿ�ZkZG ) � � * ��÷�µ�÷4+ ßaæ�ç�è®î�ß=�orq0s�-�ØY��5�<>/E;A<,_WF�I�?�7�e¬��_�5aIKD�8.��_WIK;�3=5 :$N¿o�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �W�_ð�ðØß²à í ê4S

��ç�à�òaç�é�� ÿAZGZ �) �k�T* �Z÷ úS÷�µ1ä¬õ1ç�à ��s¥<>;�5�7�l!D�ÍTIONO7�nA<�F�IH;�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? ��pßaò�ç�é�S°�Wê#æ�ç!è�à�â|ß�ç�ê3â�çg�Eï�î�òaß²â�ä�æ�ß í ê�

ÿ�Z � [) � � * µ�÷ üv÷C�Eä�è�à í ê3à��YhWIgNO7�nA<�F�IO5KD�8�<>7¸_�5K7�_UD�B�DG3=<>7�/m;ahUD�/U/�I�FC� � ä¬ò²à�æ�ç�äýðm�·è®ç�à�à � ÿ�ZkZG�) �k T* � ÷�P1ï ` ï�õ#ß=�$��'à�æ�ä�æ�ßáà�æ�ßáâ�ä¬òýë í ðØç�ò ó í è\ï�è®î3ä¬êvè�äýðØß í å�è í å3ä9R1ä�æ�ß í êH�4�G1K��¼�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?

7�/²o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �¦ù í ò � �$�¡å�å � � | S �G k{ � ÿ�Z �G�) �kZT* ��ï�ç�ævä¬ò�÷��¬� � ê'â�Þ3ä¬êRê�ç�ò�ë í ðØç�ò�å3ä¬èñä¬ëÂç�æ®ç�è�à ó í è@ëöß²âcè í âcç�ò�òaï�ò²ä�è@ú�ü0«p�Yà�é�à�æ�ç�ë�àK�4�

1��´�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/�·�I�hU<>;�hU:�F�D�5m��IK;�hU/E7GF�7�B�bT�lù í ò [ �4�3å�å � {G� S � ÿ4ÿ � ÿAZGZ �) � {T* ��÷ ± ÷C« í ò�ß²à®âãÞ§��P1æñä¬æ�ßáà�æ®ß²â�ä�ò1å�è í å¡ç!è�æ�ßaç�à í ó æ�Þ�ç�è�ëûà+ðØç�òáä�é à�å�è�ç�äýð í ó ë í îRß�ò�ç´è�äýðØß í â�Þ3ä¬ê4S

ê�ç�òáàeôQß�æ®Þ�ßaê3ðØç�å3ç�ê3ð#ç�êØæ ¶ äìé#ò�ç!ß�R4Þ$S ó äýðØß�êER_å3ä¬æ®Þ3à��$�¢1K��Ñ�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�?�7�/²·WI�hU<>;ahU:�F�D�5

�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�b9�¦ù í ò [ �4�3å�å �G{#ÿ S �G{ �$� ÿ�ZkZG�) � ÿ�* ��÷��Eä¬å í ïRò�ß²à �Y��5�7�n�D�n�<�F�<�36bcÀ�Ì¹D�/E8�7�NÆ·ED�5 <>D�n�F�I�D�/E8�¢3=79;ahUDT? 36<>;d��5�79;�I�?�?9I�? �W«�â ~ ¶ �r�(S

� �d��WVSç�ôàX í è�õ�� ÿ�ZkZØÿÿ | �

) � �T* ü�÷ ðØç ú�ä¬ç�ê§�Î��'ò í ô�ç!èeî í ïRê3ð í ê§æ�Þ�ç�å�è í î3ä¬îRß�ò�ßaæ�é í ó äzï�ê�ß í êW�$�¢qd<j?A;�5aI�3JI�s�DG3>hWI NODG3=<>;�? �

ÿ��kZ b ÿ�ZGZ �4d �Øÿ � S �G�k{) � | * � ÷jP1ÞRß�ê� » ÷ ~ ÷��3ç�ç��$��zzæ®ß�ò�ß ` ä¬æ®ß í ê í ó ë�ïRò�æ�ßaå3ä¬æ®Þ3à ó í è´à�å�è®ç�ä4ð�S�P1å3ç�â|æ�è�ïRëZâ í ðØçþä4â � ï�ß²à�ß�æ®ß í ê

ß�ê ó è�ç � ï�ç�ê>âcé�SWà�ç!ò�ç�âcæ®ß�ùýçzèñäìé#ò�ç!ß�R4Þ ó äýðØß�êERöâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�ò²àK�4�1��Õ�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/©7�/²o�7�NONO:��

/E<>;�DG36<>7�/�? �W+ í ò%÷ [�Z ��åRå\÷ � | [ S � [ | �zåRè�ß�ò �G{k{Øÿ �) � [G* ��÷ ~ Þ>ä¬è�R?ä�ù1ç�� ¶ ÷Cµ�÷��e÷ ± ß�R4ïRç�ß�è®ç�ð í ��\ ÷C®Eò�æ í ó æ��O�u�½ðØç�æ�çìâcæ�ß í êpä�ò�R í è�ßaæ�Þ�ë ó í è�æ�Þ�çp+¬S

~ ��dP$\�à�éRà�æ®ç�ëm�$��1 /�ÃEÄ�Ä��¹FÉ7�n�DGF��I�F�IK;�7�NONO:4/E<>;�DG36<>7�/²o�7�/ae9I 5�I /E;�I��\ú�ü¹S ¶ � «

) � � * �3ç�ß�� ç�ß6��Vzç�ä�è í å�æ®ß�ë�ï�ë¶æ®è�ç�ç S�à�ç�ä¬èñâãÞöðØç�æ®ç�âcæ�ß í ê�à®âãÞRç�ëÂç�à ó í è�î�ßaæ�SWà�é#ê3â�Þ�è í ê í ï3à�ë�ï�ò�Sæ�ßaï3à�ç!è�ú�üt«p�¶à�é�à�æ�ç�ëûà í ù1ç�è ~ ä¬ï3à®à�ß²ä�ê�ä�ê3ð�æ�ô í S�å3ä¬æ®Þ ¶ ä�é#ò�ç�ß�R4Þ4S ó ä4ð#ß�êER�â�Þ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òáà¬�$�

1��´�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/�7�/²o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �E+ í ò%÷ [ �4��V í � ��å�å\÷ �GZ#ÿ S � {k{ µ4ïRê�ç ÿ�ZGZ � �) � �T* ¾´÷Eá ßaç��¡úS÷ » ÷ ¶ ï3à�Þ ó í è®æ�Þ� ¶ ÷�\ ÷jP1Þ í è�æA�W\ ÷ » ÷C« í1í ê��tµ í ß�ê#æSà�ß�Rýê3ä¬ò�ðØç�æ®ç�âcæ®ß í ê�ä�ê3ðPå3ä�S

è�ä�ëÂç�æ®ç�èzçìà�æ�ßaë�ä¬æ®ß í ê9ß�ê�ë�ï�òaæ�ß�ï>à�ç�èSâ í ëÂë�ï�ê�ß²â|ä¬æ®ß í ê3à��$��1K��Ô�U5�D�/�?AD�;�3=<>7�/¯7�/(o�7�N.�

NO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? ��+ í ò�÷ [Rÿ �WV í � ��å�åG÷ ÿ��G{k S ÿ��#ÿ �4��zïUR4ç�à�æ ÿ�ZGZ � �) �k� * «�÷ ~ ç!êØæ®Þ�ß�ê� » ÷ » ä�ëÂëÂç|é1ç�è �Y��%ê � ï�ç�ê>âcç í ó âãÞ3ä�ê�ê�ç�òLç�à�æ®ß�ë�ä�æ�ß í ê í ê�æ�Þ�ç6å3ç�è ó í è�ëûä¬ê3âcç

í ó ä�â í Þ�ç!è�ç�ê#æ ügPGS�ú�ü0«p�Yà�é�à�æ�ç�ëm�$��1K��Ð�E5KD�/�?AD�;�36<>7�/²7�/à·WI�hU<>;�:�F�D�5©�WIK;ahU/E7GF�7�B�b9�

+ í ò�÷ [�� WV í � ��å�å\÷ �k�G� S �k� � ��«�ä�é ÿAZGZ � �) � T* ~ ÷Øú�Þ�ç�ê§�Gá§÷,X�ï�W�¦� ð�ä�å�æ�ßaù1çQâ�Þ3ä¬ê�êRç�òØçìà�æ�ßaë�ä¬æ®ß í ê�ä�ê3ð�ðØç�ðØßáâ�ä¬æ®ç�ð@å�ßaò í æEå í ô�ç�è�äýð��ï3à�æJS

ëÂç�ê#æQî3äýà�ç�ð í ê�æ�Þ�ç ó ä4ðØßaêERTS�è�ä�æ�ç§ëÂç�äýà�ï�è®ç�ëÂç�ê#æ ó í è6ä�å�ß�ò í æ�SWä¬ßáðØç�ð�ú�üt«p�¶à�é�à�æ�ç�ë�àK�4�1��ºU7�:$5�/EDGF�7�/`�I�F�IK;�3�IK8O-05aIKDT?0<>/po�7�NONO:4/U<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �$+ í ò%÷ ÿ�Z �UV í ÿ �Øå�åG÷ ÿ | � S ÿ | �µ1ä¬ê#ï3ä�è�é �G{k{Øÿ �

ÿ |

) � ZT* «�÷ ~ ç!êØæ®Þ�ß�ê� » ÷ » ä¬ëÂëÂç!é4ç�èA�d�u�zê3ä�ò�éRà�ßáà í ó ä'à�ßaëÂå�ò�ç�à�ï3â�âcç�à®à�ßaù1ç9ß�ê#æ�ç!è ó ç�è®ç�ê3âcç}â�ä¬ê4Sâcç�òaò²ä�æ�ß í êpà®âãÞ�ç!ëÂçÂß�ê�ügP À ú�üt«p� à�é�à�æ�ç�ë]�C�4��1��´ºE7�:$5�/UDGFt7�/&�I�F�IK;�3JIK8&-05aIKDT?]<>/

o�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG3=<>7�/�? �E+ í ò%÷ ÿ�� V í �$��å�å\÷ � Zk� S G{ � ��µ4ï�ê�ç ÿ�ZkZT[ �) k{T* ��ç�ßd¾3Þ>ä4�¬P1æ®ç�ù1ç�ê ~ ò í à�æ®ç�ß�ê��P í ó æ�SWüzç�âcßáà�ß í êàP1ï>â�âcç�à®à�ß�ù1çu�%ê#æ�ç�è ó ç�è�ç�ê>âcçPú�ä�ê3âcç�òaò²ä�æ�ß í ê

ú�üt«p� ¶ ç�âcç�ßaù1ç�èQôQß�æ®Þ��zëÂå�òaß�æ®ï3ðØç��zù1ç�èñäTR4ßaêERöä¬ê3ð ¶ í î�ï3à�æ@æ í \�ß�ëÂßaêERH®Eè�è í è�àK�4��1a/

ÃEÄ�Ä��m��F�7�n�DGF��WI�F�IK;�7�NONO:$/E<>;�DG36<>7�/&o�7�/ae9Ia5aI /E;�I��+ú�ü¹S ¶ � «

ÿ | Z

post.queensu.capost.queensu.ca/~sdb2/papers/thesis_dong.pdfakn s >h?faknha q\8 nhaig 8 nha`g d t...

Documents