RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012

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• Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disease among both men and women in the United States.1

• Approximately 1 in 5 suffer tobacco-related deaths each year in the United States.1

• Cigarette smoking has been linked to multiple types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory ailments, and infections due to the presence of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in cigarette smoke.1

• Of all the compounds that reside in the tobacco leaf, the nitrosamine group is the most carcinogenic, and is formed due to nicotine reacting with alkaloids during the curing process for the tobacco leaf.1

• 90% of all nitrosamines researched are carcinogenic due to their innate ability to form DNA adducts in the human anatomy.1

• Strict regulations have been cast upon cigarettes limiting the tar, nicotine, and CO emissions. To meet such regulatory standards regarding TNCO intake, cigarette companies have been forced to alter the design and characteristics of their products over the past few decades.2

INTRODUCTION

• Cigarette packs were collected at local pharmacies and convenient stores around Buffalo, NY in 2016.

• Cigarette packs were placed inside the horizontal humidity conditioner for a minimum of 48 hours at 22 ± 2.0°C and 60 ± 2.0% relative humidity.

• The following measurements were calculated on five cigarettes from each pack:

– Cigarette length (Calipers)– Filter and rod diameter (Calipers)– Tipping paper length (Calipers)– Filter length and weight (Calipers and Scale)– Cigarette band length (Calipers)– Row distance from mouth end (Calipers)– Width of bands (Calipers– % moisture (HR83)– Wet and dry tobacco weight (HR83)– Pressure drop and ventilation (KC-3)

• Statistical analysis was done using SPSS V.21 to compare data from 2006 to 2016 to:

– Derive Descriptive Statistics– Paired T-test – Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Figure 1A-E: Differences In Various Cigarette Design Features of USA Brands Between 2006 and 2016

MATERIALS

CONCLUSIONS

• Change in the design features of the cigarette affect the intake of TNCO as well as the taste and harshness of smoke.

• The design of the cigarette is constantly changing in order to appeal to current smokers, to obtain new smokers, and to meet regulatory standards set forth by government entities.

• Governments should consider mandatory disclosure of cigarette design parameters as a part of comprehensive tobacco product regulations in the role cigarette design plays in health behavior in regards to cancer health.2

REFERENCES 1.) - Understanding how perceptions of tobacco constituents and the FDA relate to effective and credible tobacco risk messaging: A national phone survey of U.S. adults, 2014–2015

– M Boynton,  Agans, J Ming, N Brewer, E Sutfin, A Goldstein, S Noar, K Ribisl

2.) - How do different cigarette design features influence the standard tar yields of popular cigarette brands sold in different countries?

– R J O’Connor, D Hammond, A MCNeil, B King, L T Kozlowski, G A Giovino, K M Cummings

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS“This summer research experience was supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number: 3P30CA016056-37S3.” 

Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263Roswell Park Summer Research Program

Jonathan Duhon, Dr. Richard O’ Connor, Liane Schneller, Rosalie Caruso

Major and Minor Changes in Cigarette Design Over the Past Decade Amongst Top Brands

METHODS

HR83 Moisture Analyzer

KC3 Pressure Drop and Ventilation Apparatus

AB-104S Precision Scale

Horizontal Humidity Conditioner

Calipers

FSC bands

2006 201623.2

23.3

23.4

23.5

23.6

23.7

23.8

23.9

23.4115

23.8217

Figure 1C: Filter Length

Year

mm

*

RESULTS

2006 2016112114116118120122124126128130132

130.7115

118.8805

Figure 1A: Filter Density

Year

gcm

3

**

2006 2016102

104

106

108

110

112

114

116

118

106.7846

115.7408

Figure 1E: Pressure Drop

Year

mm

Wg

**

• Percent change of design features found statistically significant from 2006 to 2016:

– Filter density decreased by 9.05123% in USA brands from 2006 to 2016, meaning that the filter will trap less particles.

– Tobacco length decreased by 7.89646% in USA brands from 2006 to 2016, meaning that length of tobacco filler is shortening.

– Filter length increased by 1.75213% in USA brands from 2006 to 2016, meaning that cigarette filter length is increasing.

– Rod diameter increased by 6.528102%, meaning that cigarettes are getting thicker among brands researched.

– Pressure Drop increased by 8.387164%, meaning that cigarettes are harder to draw from among brands researched.

*Design characteristics differed significantly in 2016 from 2006 brands at p < 0.05 ** Design characteristics differed significantly in 2016 from 2006 brands at p ≤ 0.0001

2006 201650

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

57.7385

53.1792

Figure 1B: Tobacco Length

Year

mm

**

2006 2016245

250

255

260

265

270

275

256.0346

272.7488

Figure 1D: Rod Diameter

Year

mm

**