poster department presenting designation abstract title authors...
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Poster No.
Department Presenting Author
Designation Abstract Title Authors
Phd-55 Physiology Arpita Chakraborty
PhD Student Effect of electromagnetic field stimulation on muscle morphology and contractility of spinal cord injured rats
Chakraborty Arpita, Bhattacharyya Supti, Sharma Chand Mehar, Jain Suman
Phd-56 Physiology Sriji S Nath PhD Student Thalamocortical arousal by glutamatergic stimulation of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
Nath S Sriji, Akhtar Nasreen, Mallick Hrudananda
Phd-57 Physiology Avishek Roy PhD Student A chronological study of cognitive function in bilateral streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Avishek Roy, Suman Jain
Phd-58 Physiology Lal Chandra Vishwakrma
PhD Student Effect of REM sleep deprivation on hypothalamic and cortical temperature in rats
Lal Chandra Vishwakarma, Binney Sharma, Arani Das, Ashok Jaryal, Hruda Nanda Mallick
Phd-59 Physiology Rupesh S PhD Student Altered cortical activity in glaucoma during resting condition as assessed by EEG microstates and their cortical sources
Samanchi Rupesh, Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash, Soni Sunaina, Dada Tanuj, Sihota Ramanjit, Kaur Simran, Tayade Prashant, Sharma Ratna
Phd-60 Physiology Dr. Smriti Badhwar
PhD Student Association between vascular stiffness and oscillatory flow pattern in patients with recent Myocardial Infarction
Badhwar Smriti, Chandran S Dinu, Jaryal Kumar Ashok, Narang Rajiv, Patel Chetan, Deepak Kumar Kishore
Phd-61 Physiology Sunaina Soni PhD Student Pre-trial and pre-response EEG microstates in schizophrenia: An endophenotypic marker
Soni Sunaina, Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash, Sood Mamta, Kaur Simran, Sharma Ratna
Phd-62 Physiology Sakshi Sen PhD Student To study the relationship betweenocclusion induced shear rate changes and blood flow changes with Low Flow Mediated Constriction of brachial and radial artery in healthy human adults.
Sen Sakshi, Chandran S Dinu, Jaryal K Ashok, Deepak K Kishore
Phd-63 Physiology Srishti Nanda PhD Student Nociceptive flexion reflex in chronic low back pain patients
Nanda, Srishti, Arya, Suvercha, Srikumar, V, Bhatia, Renu
Phd-64 Physiology Binney Sharma
PhD Student Effect of sleep deprivation on hypothalamic, body and muscle temperatures in rats
Sharma Binney, Vishwakarma Lalchandra, Akhtar Nasreen, Mallick Hrudananda
Phd-65 Physiology Angel Anna Zacharia
PhD Student A pre-stimulus microstate with lower activity in right parahippocampal gyrus leads to perceptual reversals during binocular rivalry
Zacharia Anna Angel, Kaur Simran, Sharma Ratna
Phd-66 Physiology Chaithanya Leon
PhD Student Behavioural correlates of cognitive interference in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Leon Chaithanya, BatabyalTanaya, Tayade T Prashant, Sagar Rajesh, Sharma Ratna, Kaur Simran
Phd-70 Physiology Chacko G. Siju PhD Student Neurofeedback training improves the accuracy of Brain-Computer Interface.
Chacko G. Siju, Ahuja Navdeep, Tayade Prashant, Kaur Simran, Sharma Ratna
Phd-85 Physiology Prachi Srivastava
PhD Student Imbalance between Angiotensin II - Angiotensin (1-7) system is associated with vascular dysfunction and inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes with newly diagnosed hypertension
Srivastava Prachi, Badhwar Smriti, Chandran S Dinu, Jaryal Kumar Ashok, Jyotsna P Viveka, Kishore Kumar Deepak
Phd-87 Physiology Asfa Ahmad PhD Student Decreased power and connectivity in Autism spectrum disorder: An EEG biomarker
Ahmad Asfa, Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash, Kaur Simran, Tayade Prashant, Chakrabarty Biswaroop, Gulati Sheffali, Sharma Ratna
Phd-101
Physiology Shivangi PhD Student Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation is preserved during induced blood pressure fluctuations
Shivangi, Chandran S Dinu, Jaryal Ashok Kumar, Deepak K K,
Phd-105
Physiology Kavita Yadav PhD Student The physiological response to non-hypotensive hypovolemia is initiated by cardiopulmonary receptors and neuro-mechanical decoupling of baroreceptors.
Yadav Kavita, Singh Akanksha, Jaryal Ashok Kumar, Coshic Poonam, Deepak K K
Phd-112
Physiology Prathiban Rengarajan
PhD Student Understanding Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Prakriti classified Healthy Individuals
Rengarajan Prathiban, Chandran S Dinu, Prasher Bhavana, Jaryal Kumar Ashok, Deepak K K
Phd-120
Physiology Dibashree Tamuli
PhD Student Correlation of autonomic dysfunction with the atrophy of central autonomic brain areas in SCA patients
Tamuli Dibashree, Kaur Manpreet, Kumaran Senthil S, Jaryal Kumar Ashok, Srivastava Kumar Achal, Deepak Kumar Kishore
Phd-128
Physiology Urja Jaiswal PhD Student Differential analysis of the proteome of ovarian endometriosis
Jaiswal Urja, Yadav Kumar Raj, Kriplani Alka, Roy Kumar Kallol, Gururao Hariprasad
Phd-130
Physiology Piyush Sharma PhD Student Relative fold change in mRNA levels of genes related to inflammatory pathways and ageing in obesity after yoga based lifestyle intervention
Sharma Piyush, Netam Ritesh, Khadgawat Rajesh, Yadav Rajkumar
Phd-132
Physiology Pragati Pragya PhD Student Association of Vitamin D Levels in obesity with Metabolic Syndrome
Pragati Pragya, Raj Kumar Yadav, Rajesh Khadgawat and R M Pandey
Phd-136
Physiology Supti Bhattacharyya
PhD Student Low intensity electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal connectivity and survival in spinal cord injured rats: a potential non-invasive therapy
Supti Bhattacharyya, Suman Jain
Phd-139
Physiology Meghashree Sampath
PhD Student Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Respiratory system Impedance
Meghashree Sampath, Anjali Trivedi, Geetanjali Bade, Anjana Talwar
Phd-55
Effect of electromagnetic field stimulation on muscle morphology and contractility of
spinal cord injured rats
Chakraborty Arpita1, Bhattacharyya Supti
1, Sharma Chand Mehar
2, Jain Suman
1#
Presenting Author: Arpita Chakraborty; Email: [email protected]
# Corresponding Author; Email: [email protected]
1Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New
Delhi-110029, India
2Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-
110029, India
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that leads to paralysis and
impairment of motor function in patients. Immobilization that ensues after SCI leads to
muscle atrophy, degeneration and weakness.
Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short term
electromagnetic field stimulation (MF) on muscle morphology, contractility and motor
behavior in a complete transection rat model of SCI.
Materials and methods: Adult male rats were subjected to complete transection of spinal
cord at Thoracic level 13 and 24h thereafter exposed to MF for 7 days, 2h/day at 17.96µT.
At the end of the study, contractility (simple muscle twitch, tetanus, fatigue) and morphology
of soleus (antigravity) muscle was observed. BBB locomotor scoring was assessed on
alternate days starting from first day of injury.
Results: In SCI rats, there was an increase in myofiber necrosis as characterized by C fiber
lesion, macrophage infiltration, vacuolation and hyper-contracted fibers, as compared to
sham operated rats, whereas, in SCI + MF rats necrosis was decreased. In both SCI and
SCI+MF groups, enhanced spontaneous regeneration of myofibers was evident by central
placement of nuclei. However, in SCI+MF group, there was no improvement in BBB scoring
after 1 week of transection, though twitch and tetanic force was increased in comparison to
SCI group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest beneficial effects of short term magnetic
field exposure on muscle morphology and contractility in spinal cord transected rats.
Phd-56
THALAMOCORTICAL AROUSAL BY GLUTAMATERGIC STIMULATION OF
MEDIODORSAL THALAMIC NUCLEUS
Nath S Sriji, Akhtar Nasreen, Mallick Hrudananda
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical sciences
Presenting Author: Sriji S Nath
Email:[email protected]
Corresponding Author: Dr. H N Mallick
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT BODY
Introduction: Mediodorsal thalamic nuclei (MD) are degenerated in fatal familial insomnia.
Reduced number of neurons and atrophy of MD have also been observed in schizophrenia,
where sleep disturbances are consistently reported.MD is connected to thalamic reticular
nucleus and also known for its extensive connections with prefrontal cortex, which is the seat
of cognition. Cognitive impairments are common effect of sleep deprivation. However not
much is known about the exact role of MD in sleep regulation. Present study investigates the
role of MD in sleep in rats.
Aims & Objectives:
Aim: To study the role of mediodorsal thalamic nuclei in sleep
Objective: To record sleep after stimulation of mediodorsal thalamic nuclei
Materials & Methods: Six male Wistar albino rats chronically implanted with EEG, EOG
and EMG electrodes and bilateral guide cannula above MD nuclei received L-glutamate
microinjection (60ng/200nl of saline) .Sleep was recorded for 6 h and three baseline
recordings were taken prior to the day of microinjection which acted as the time matched
control for microinjection recording. Microinjection was performed after 2 h of baseline
recording and post injection recording was continued for 4 h. After obtaining the
microinjection data, percentage values for total sleep time (TST), total wake time (TWT),
total slow wave sleep (SWS), total paradoxical sleep (TPS), duration and frequency of each
sleep stage were analyzed from the visually scored data for each 1 h.Time matched
comparisons were made with the average of 3 baseline recordings. Also values of each
parameter were compared in pre (2 h) and post (4 h) microinjection recording period.
Results: We observed an increase in the percentage and duration of active wakefulness after
microinjection of L-glutamate. There was significant increase in TWT (p < 0.05) and
reduction in TST following glutamate microinjection.
Conclusion: Glutamatergic excitation of MD resulted in prolonged wakefulness. MD may
play a prominent role in maintaining thalamocortical arousal.
Phd-57
Title:
A chronological study of cognitive function in bilateral
streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Affiliation:
Presenting author: Name: Avishek Roy1
e-Mail: [email protected]
Corresponding author: Name: Prof Suman Jain1
e-Mail: [email protected]
1Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Physiology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi-110029, India.
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cognitive
impairment, anxiety, deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and global atrophy
of brain. In AD, synaptic dysfunction is primary event, which is followed by a global failure in
neural network at a severe stage. Bilateral multiple injections of streptozotocin (STZ) through
intracerebroventricular route (i.c.v) in rat has been shown to closely mimic the clinical
symptomatology but the pattern of development of functional deficits and their correlation with
pathophysiological features has not been shown.
Aim and objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single bilateral streptozotocin
injection on the development of structural and functional deficits in AD.
Objectives
i. To observe the gradual impairment in cognitive domain of STZ injected rats with special
reference to reference, working and avoidance memory.
ii. To observe the effect of STZ injection on anxiety.
iii. To understand the cytoarchitecture of pyramidal cells and the load of Aβ plaques in
hippocampus after two months of STZ treatment
Materials and Methods: In adult male Wistar rats, STZ was injected into the lateral ventricles bilaterally (3mg/kg body
weight). Morris water maze (MWM), passive avoidance, novel object recognition test (NORT)
and elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigms were used to evaluate spatial, avoidance, recognition
memory and anxiety respectively. Behavioral testing was done after every 15 days till 60days
post-injection. At the end of study period of two months, the extent of surviving neurons,
dendritic arborisation and detection of Aβ plaque was done using cresyl-violet, Golgi -Cox and
congo-red staining respectively.
Results: In MWM, a significant increase in latency and a significant decrease in number of entries and
time spent in the goal quadrant (P<0.001) was observed in AD group when compared with
baseline data and control rats at various time points during the observation period starting from
day 15 of STZ injection, suggesting deficit in spatial learning and memory. Latency to the step
down in passive avoidance test started to decrease from post injection day 15 in AD group when
compared to control and was significant on day 30th (p<0.05). In NORT, a decrease in recognition
index was observed from 30th day (p<0.01) in AD group. Anxiety, as measured using EPM
showed an increase in ratio of time spent in open to closed arm in AD group on day 15 of STZ
injection when compared to control (P<0.05). Pycnotic pyramidal neurons with densely stained
and shrunken cell body were found in CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in AD
rats. Further, there was also a significant decrease in number of spines of these neurons, as
evident by Golgi-Cox. Aβ plaques were also evident in hippocampus and lateral ventricles of AD
rats at day 60.
Conclusion:
The results of present study demonstrate the ability of single intracerebroventricular bilateral
injection of STZ to progressively impair cognitive function in rats by causing neuronal loss and
formation of Aβ plaques, thereby making it a clinically relevant model of AD.
Phd-58
Effect of REM sleep deprivation on hypothalamic and cortical temperature in rats
Lal Chandra Vishwakarma, Binney Sharma, Arani Das, Ashok Jaryal, Hruda Nanda Mallick
Baldev Singh Laboratory for sleep Research, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi (India) 110029
Objective: To study the effect of REM sleeps deprivation on hypothalamic and cortical temperature in rats
Material Method: The Present study was done as par the guidelines of the Institutional ethics committee, AIIMS & for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animal (CPCSEA).Six Adult male Wistar rats were chronically implanted with electrodes for recording EEG, EOG and EMG. Thy and TCortwere measured by pre-implanted thermocouples near the hypothalamus and the cortex respectively connected to separate Fluke multimeter. Flower pot methodwas used for 12 h REM sleep deprivation in rats. Thy and Tcort were recorded simultaneously during sleep wakefulness and REM sleep deprivation. Sleep stages were scored with Sleep Sign software, then visually corrected for 15-sec epochs and correlated with corresponding temperatures. The temperatures were averaged hourly for the wake, quiet wake, light slow wave sleep, deep slow wave sleep and REM sleep.
Result: Cortical temperature lower then hypothalamic temperature in time matched control recording, The hypothalamic temperature showed statistically significantly increase compared to control in initial 2hr of REM sleep deprivation, followed by a constant decrease. Cortical temperature showed significant decrease throughout the REM sleep deprivation.
Conclusion: Hypothalamic temperature increase throughout REM sleep deprivation than cortical temperature.
Phd-59
Title: Altered cortical activity in glaucoma during resting
condition as assessed by EEG microstates and their cortical
sources
Samanchi Rupesh1, Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash
1, Soni Sunaina
1, Dada Tanuj
2, Sihota
Ramanjit2, Kaur Simran
1, Tayade Prashant
1, Sharma Ratna
1
Affiliation: 1Stress and Cognition Electroimaging Lab (SCEL), Department of Physiology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
2Dr RPC for ophthalmic sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting author: Sunaina Soni
Email address: [email protected]
Corresponding author: Ratna Sharma
Email address: [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease as indicated by
functional neuroimaging studies, caused due to damage to retinal ganglionic cells. EEG is a
functional neuroimaging technique used to assess the neural activity with high temporal and
spatial resolutions. EEG microstates assesses large-scale brain networks which are altered in
various neurodegenerative diseases.
Aim: The current study was aimed to assess the changes in neural activity in patients with
newly diagnosed glaucoma using neural sources of resting EEG microstates.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 34 patients (18 males, 16 females)
with newly diagnosed primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 32 age-matched healthy
controls (17 males, 15 females). EEG data was acquired using high dense hydrocel geodesic
sensor array of 128 channel with a sampling rate of 1KHz and Cz as a reference electrode
(Philips Neuro EGI, Eugene, USA). EEG was recorded for eyes close conditions for 3
minutes in a silent, noise-free room. Each electrode impedance was kept below 50 KΩ. EEG
data was preprocessed with a band-pass filter of 1-100 Hz and artefactual components such as
eye blink, eye movement were removed. Later the data was exported to EEGLAB and
continuous data of 20 secs with 1 sec as each epoch was segmented. Nine channels over the
neck and nineteen channels over the face were removed. ECG artifacts and power line noise
were removed using components and their spectral maps obtained by independent component
analysis (ICA) in EEGLAB. Average re-referencing was computed. Cartool software was
used for microstate analysis. Scalp maps of each subject were subjected to k-means cluster
analysis. The spatially correlated maps were identified using cross validation criterion. EEG
microstate maps representing eyes close condition was identified. sLORETA was used to
localize the intracranial generators for microstate maps and their current source density (csd)
were compared between the groups (at p-value <0.05).
Results: Four microstate maps were identified for eyes close condition across the groups.
During eyes close condition, in PACG compared to controls, the intracranial generators for
microstate map 4 only had significant higher activity in middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus
and cuneus. The csd of intracranial generators for map 4 was higher at middle occipital gyrus
(Log Fmax= 0.239) in PACG compared to controls. Suprathreshold cortical voxels (Log F=
0.1955, p=0.015) with higher activation was found at lingual gyrus and cuneus.
Conclusion: By using high density EEG, the current study shows the evidence for altered
brain activity in patients with newly diagnosed PACG in the various brain areas that are
involved in visuo-spatial attention, inhibitory role and divergent thinking. These alterations in
the brain activity may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing neurodegeneration in
patients with glaucoma even before the clinical manifestation.
Acknowledgement: This study was conducted in support of All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi and INSPIRE division, Department of Science and Technology (DST),
Govt. of India (INSPIRE fellow – IF150288).
Phd-60
Association between vascular stiffness and oscillatory flow pattern in patients with recent Myocardial Infarction
Badhwar Smriti, Chandran S Dinu, Jaryal Kumar Ashok, Narang Rajiv, Patel Chetan, Deepak Kumar Kishore Affiliation: Presenting Author: Name: Smriti Badhwar Email: [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding Author: Name: Dinu S Chandran Email: [email protected], [email protected] Introduction:
Induction of an oscillatory flow pattern or increasing the retrograde flow has been associated with proatherogenic effects in endothelial cell culture models. Retrograde flow in peripheral arteries is also known to increase with ageing. The flow pattern at any point depends on the pressure difference across that point. One of the factors which can possibly influence the pressure waveform, is the velocity of propagation of the reflected waves which are directly affected by the vascular stiffness. Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between vascular stiffness and brachial artery flow profiles in patients of recent myocardial infarction. Material and Methods:
Patients of recent (<6months) myocardial infarction (n= 25) were recruited from the Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi. Flow profile was assessed at the brachial artery by using pulsed wave doppler (M7, MindRay) with simultaneous acquisition of the diameter in duplex mode for estimation of shear rate (Shear Rate = 4*Velocity/Diameter). Oscillatory shear index was calculated using the formula – Retrograde shear rate/ (Anterograde shear rate + Retrograde shear rate). Regional vascular stiffness was assessed by measuring the Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) of the carotid-radial (cr) arterial segment using applanation tonometry (SphygmocorÒ). The same tonometer was used to evaluate Augmentation Index (AI) for estimation of the wave reflections. Carotid-Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) was measured using B mode ultrasound (M7, MindRay) for estimation of subclinical atherosclerotic burden. Carotid artery wall properties were derived from carotid artery diameter changes during the cardiac cycle for calculation of compliance and Incremental Elastic modulus (Medical Imaging
applications Carotid Analyser). Results:
A significant positive correlation was observed between cr-PWV and oscillatory shear index (OSI) (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) and between far-wall CIMT and OSI (r = 0.45, p = 0.01). A significant positive correlation was also observed between AI and OSI (r = 0.68, p = 0.006, n=12). A significant negative correlation was seen between Carotid compliance and OSI (r = -0.35, p = 0.03) and a significant positive correlation was observed between Incremental Elastic modulus and OSI (r = 0.38, p = 0.02). Both OSI and retrograde flow correlated positively with Age (r = 0.49, p = 0.004 and r = 0.36, p = 0.03). Conclusion:
The current study suggests that oscillatory flow patterns in patients with myocardial infarction are associated with an increase in vascular stiffness of the corresponding regional arterial segment and a decrease in carotid artery compliance. Additionally, the study shows an association between oscillatory shear pattern and macroscopic sub clinical atherosclerosis. A decrease in carotid artery compliance would alter the central pressure waveform from its characteristic plateau pattern to a sharper wave with a steep decline in pressure. This would be further augmented by an increase in regional arterial stiffness which would lead to an amplification of the reflected waves. The net effect of the altered pressure waves would result in development of an oscillatory shear pattern in patients of myocardial infarction.
Phd-61
Title: Pre-trial and pre-response EEG microstates in schizophrenia: An endophenotypic
marker
Authors: Soni Sunainaa, Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash
a, Sood Mamta
b, Kaur Simran
a,
Sharma Ratnaa
aStress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology,
bDepartment of
Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Presenting author:
Name- Soni Sunaina
Email- [email protected]
Corresponding author:
Name- Sharma Ratna
Email- [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive deficits in Schizophrenia interfere with everyday functioning and
social functioning. Strong familial associations in schizophrenia might serve to establish
cognitive impairments as endophenotypic markers. Therefore, visuo-spatial working memory
(VSWM) simulating day-to-day activities at high memory load was assessed in patients with
schizophrenia, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls to explore pre-trial and pre-
response EEG microstates and their intracranial generators.
Aim: To investigate pre-trial and pre-response EEG microstates during VSWM task and its
underlying intracranial generators to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy
controls and their first-degree relatives.
Material and methods: Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia, 28 first-degree relatives and
28 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Brain activity during visuo-spatial
working memory (VSWM) task was recorded using 128 channel electroencephalography in a
silent and noise-free room. EEG epochs containing 50 ms time window preceding both the first
(pre-trial) and second picture (pre-response) of correct and error trials were segmented from the
pre-processed EEG data. Pre-trial and pre-response microstate maps of correct and error trials
were clustered across groups according to their topography. Microstate map parameters i.e.,
number of time frames, global explained variance and time coverage and underlying cortical
sources were compared among groups.
Results: Pre-trial (correct) microstate Map 1 number of time frames, global explained
variance (GEV) and time coverage were significantly higher in controls compared to patients
with its intracranial generator localised to right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) (MNI
coordinates: 20, 25, -25; tmax log transformed data= 5.89). Pre-response (correct) microstate
Map 4 number of time frames, global explained variance (GEV) and time coverage were
significantly higher in controls compared to relatives. Map 4 global explained variance was
significantly higher in patients compared to first-degree relatives and number of time frames
were significantly higher in controls compared to patients with schizophrenia. No significant
differences were observed for error trials between groups.
Suprathreshold cortical voxels (Threshold: t = 4.620, p = 0.002) that showed increased
activations in patients compared to first-degree relatives were found localized at right anterior
cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, orbital gyrus, postcentral gyrus and precentral gyrus.
Maximum activation was observed in right Inferior frontal gyrus (MNI coordinates: 20, 25, -
25; tmax log transformed data= 5.63)
Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggests that pre-trial microstate Map 1 could
qualify as a state marker and pre-response microstate Map 4 may serve as an endophenotypic
marker for schizophrenia. rIFG activation, which is involved in execution of multi-component
behaviour and selective inhibitory control, could distinguish patients and their first-degree
relatives from healthy controls. Further, microstate based biomarkers have the potential to
facilitate diagnosis of schizophrenia at a preclinical stage resulting in efficient diagnosis and
better prognosis.
Phd-62
To study the relationship betweenocclusion induced shear rate changes and blood
flow changes with Low Flow Mediated Constriction of brachial and radial artery in
healthy human adults.
Sen Sakshi1, Chandran S Dinu2, Jaryal K Ashok3, Deepak K Kishore4
1 PhD student,
2 Assistant Professor,
3Professor,
4 Professor and HOD
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author: SAKSHI SEN
Corresponding author: Prof. Ashok Kumar Jaryal
Introduction: Low Flow Mediated Constriction (LFMC) has been used to assess resting
endothelial function in peripheral conduit arteries. Literature describes discrepancies in the
behaviour of radial versus brachial artery in response to low flow state the reasons for which
were not addressed in a systematic and scientific way. We hypothesised that, relationship
between occlusion induced changes in shear rate and blood flow with LFMC response could
be different in radial versus brachial artery.
Objective: To study the relationship between occlusion induced changes in shear rate and
blood flow withLFMC of brachial and radial artery in healthy human adults.
Materials and Methods: 20 healthy young adults of age range (18-27 years) participated in
the study. Edinburgh inventory was used to identify the dominant arm. Longitudinal
ultrasound images of the brachial artery were captured using Vivid-e (GE Healthcare). A 12-
mega Hz probe was used to visualize the artery at the medial aspect2-3 cms above the anti-
cubital fossa for brachial artery and 10 cms above the wrist joint for radial artery with the
frame rate set at 47.Distal circulatory arrest was produced using an occluding cuff placed
over the wrist joint inflated to 250 mm Hg for 5 minutes after the baseline measurements
were done. Diameter and velocity measurements were performedusing B mode and Pulsed
wave Doppler modes respectively at baseline and 30 seconds before the release of
occlusion. Shear rate and blood flow were calculated using the following formulae:
Shear rate (determined as peak anterograde shear) = 4𝑉𝐴𝐺/𝐷𝐵𝐿
% Change in shear rate = Shear rate 𝐴𝐺− Shear rate 𝐵𝐿
Shear rate 𝐵𝐿 × 100
𝐵𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝜋𝐷2𝑉𝐴𝐺/4
% Change in Blood flow = Blood flow 𝐴𝐺− Blood flow 𝐵𝐿
Blood flow 𝐵𝐿 × 100
where, 𝑉𝐴𝐺 is anterograde velocity in cm/s, 𝐷𝐵𝐿 is baseline diameter in cms.
Results: Shear rate changes in response to occlusion did not correlate with LFMC in radial
artery (r = - 0.139; p = 0.557). Shear rate changes in response to occlusion showed negative
correlation with LFMC in brachial artery (r = - 0.451; p = 0.045).Blood flow changes in
response to occlusion showed stronger positive correlation with LFMC in radial artery (r =
0.795; p < 0.0001) than brachial artery (r = 0.509; p = 0.021).
Conclusion: Occlusion induced shear rate change which is presumably the stimulus
responsible for LFMC showed correlation with LFMC response only in brachial
artery.Discrepancies in the behaviour of radial versus brachial artery in response to low flow
state could be attributed to this difference in stimulus response coupling.
Keywords: Low Flow Mediated Constriction, shear rate, endothelial function, radial artery,
brachial artery, ultrasonography
Total word count of abstract: 404
Phd-63
Title: Nociceptive flexion reflex in chronic low back pain patients
Author List: Nanda, Srishti;1 Arya, Suvercha;
1 Srikumar, V;
2 Bhatia, Renu
1
Affiliation: Department of Physiology1,
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2
Presenting author: Nanda, Srishti; Phd Student, email: [email protected]
Corresponding author: Bhatia, Renu; Associate professor, email: [email protected]
Number of words: 423 words
Abstract body
Introduction. Pain in the lower back region is a common complaint with unclear
neurophysiological underpinnings. Growing literature indicates an altered pain processing at
not only the peripheral level, but also at central level in musculoskeletal pain. However, the
studies show conflicting results, and rely mostly on subjective assessments. From a
physiological purview, the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinally mediated stable
paradigm used to assess the integrity of the nociceptive pathway in chronic pain conditions.
Given that most chronic pain syndromes have spinal level sensitisation often contributing to
hyperalgesia, we recorded NFR threshold in CNLBP (chronic non-specific low back pain)
population compared with healthy controls (HC).
Question to be addressed. Do chronic low back patients have sensitivity at the central (spinal)
level?
Aim. To compare NFR threshold and its characteristics between CNLBP patients and pain-
free controls.
Materials and Methods. Case-control study. Eighteen diagnosed cases of CNLBP patients (9
female, 9 males; aged 38.58 ± 10.59 years) were recruited from outpatient department of
physical medicine and rehabilitation. Twenty controls (11 females, 9 males; aged 29.52 ±
5.93 years) Participants were excluded if they showed common red flags, neurological pain
by straight leg-raising test and did not show any contraindications to electrical stimulation.
After taking written informed consent, the participants were explained about the test and
asked to refrain from taking any analgesics or neuro-active substance 24 hours before the
investigated. On the day of test, the test was conducted in an overnight fasted state between
9.30 to 11.00 am.Ag-AgCl stimulating cup electrodes were placed at the retromalleolus of
non-dominant leg and the recording gel electrodes at the short head of ipsilateral biceps
femoris. A train of five square electrical pulses of 1 m sec width, and 2 m sec inter pulse
interval was delivered transcutaneously (BLSMTA, Biopac Systems Inc, USA) to record the
NFR.
Results. The threshold for eliciting the NFR for CNLBP patients (42.31 ±3.29 V) was
significantly different (p = 0.0141) from HC (32.17± 2.05 V). The direction of changes of
NFR threshold was not in line with our hypothesis. No differences were found for the other
NFR characteristics, or between males and females.
Conclusions. The results show that NFR thresholds were higher when compared compared to
controls, showing a lack of spinal-level sensitisation in CNLBP and contradicting the
common theory of hyperalgesia. We propose the role of adaptation and habituation of the
nociceptive processing and integration system. Further investigation of the descending pain
modulatory control in CNLBP may be required to corroborate our findings.
Phd-64
EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON HYPOTHALAMIC, BODY AND MUSCLE
TEMPERATURES IN RATS.
Sharma Binney, Vishwakarma Lalchandra, Akhtar Nasreen, Mallick Hrudananda
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical sciences
Presenting Author: Binney Sharma
Email:[email protected]
Corresponding Author: Dr. H N Mallick
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT BODY
Introduction: There are circumstances where the effect of sleep deprivation was seen in day
today life. There were reports which shows that hypothalamic and body temperatures shows
circadian variations but muscle temperature did not show any variations. Simultaneous
recording of hypothalamic (Thy), body (Tb) and muscle temperatures (Tm) during sleep
deprivation needs to be elucidated.
Aims & Objectives:
Aim: To study the effect of sleep deprivation on Hypothalamic, Body and Muscle
temperatures in rats.
Objective: To record the hypothalamic, body and muscle temperatures during sleep and sleep
deprivation.
Materials & Methods: The present study was done as per the guidelines of the institutional
ethics committee, AIIMS & Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of
experiments on animals (CPCSEA). Six male Wistar rats were implanted with K-type
thermocouple near the hypothalamus and dorsal nuchal muscle to record Thy and Tm through
a Fluke thermometers. Tb was measured by a pre-implanted peritoneal radio transmitter
(TA10TAF-40, DSI USA). Sleep was recorded by pre-implanted EEG, EOG, EMG and a
digital data acquisition system. Sleep deprivation for 24hr was done by gentle handling
method. Sleep stages were visually scored for 15-sec epochs and correlated with
corresponding hypothalamic and body temperatures. The temperatures were averaged over
two hour bins for the corresponding wake, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep periods. Results: Thy, Tb and Tm were raised significantly during 24 hr sleep
deprivation at night (p-value; Thy= 0.001, Tb=0.0007, Tm=0.002). But only Thy and Tb were
raised significantly during day in 24 hr sleep deprivation (p-value; Thy= 0.003, Tb=0.0006).
Tb and Thy temperatures show circadian variations.
Conclusion: Thermoregulatory function of hypothalamus was affected by sleep deprivation
Thy and Tb were greater during sleep deprivation during both light - dark cycle.
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by ICMR and AIIMS New Delhi.
Phd-65
A pre-stimulus microstate with lower activity in right parahippocampal gyrus leads to
perceptual reversals during binocular rivalry
Zacharia Anna Angel1, Kaur Simran
2, Sharma Ratna
*
1 Ph.D. Scholar, Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Lab, Department of Physiology
2 Assistant Professor, Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Lab, Department of Physiology
* Professor, Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Lab, Department of Physiology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting author:
Name: Ms. Angel Anna Zacharia
Email ID: [email protected]
Corresponding author:
Name: Dr. Ratna Sharma
Email ID: [email protected]
Introduction: Coherent and goal-directed responses in a rich and complex visual environment requires an
efficient selection of information by the brain. Visual perception is not exactly what is seen
by the eyes but a result of modifications by various levels of processing in the brain. Factors
affecting perception is studied by binocular rivalry where two incompatible images are
presented simultaneously, but separately to each eye using stereoscope. Observer’s
perception switches back and forth between the two stimuli that are competing for perceptual
dominance leading perception of either the same percept (perceptual stability) or change in
perception (perceptual reversals). What is perceived is affected by either stimulus
characteristics or by the intrinsic state of the brain at the moment. This internal state may
control the perception as well as the propensity to either maintain a particular perceptual
interpretation or switch to another. What are the brain states that determine perceptual
reversal or stability is intriguing. The pre-stimulus brain states could be analyzed by the EEG
microstates along with the cortical generators of these states.
Aim & Objectives: To investigate the cortical generators of the pre-stimulus microstates preceding perceptual
reversals.
Materials & Method:
An intermittent binocular rivalry paradigm was designed using 18 picture pairs and
administered in 60 right-handed subjects with a mean age of 26.84 ± 3.27 yrs. High-density
EEG (128-channels) data were band-pass filtered between 1-40 Hz and artifact detection and
bad channel replacement was performed using Netstation and EEGLAB software. Reversals
and stability trials were segmented into 100 ms epochs before the stimulus presentation.
Microstate analysis was performed using cartool software and the intracranial current source
density was calculated using Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography
(sLORETA) with a resolution upto 6239 voxels.
Results:
Two pre-stimulus microstates maps were selected based on predefined criteria. Comparison
of maps for perceptual reversals with stability using Mann Whitney u test revealed that for
Map 2, frequency of occurrences (Stability: 0.02 ± 0.08; Reversal: 0.03 ± 0.005, p=0.0253),
as well as time coverage (Stability: 0.42 ± 0.14; Reversal: 0.47 ± 0.07, p= 0.0003), was more
before reversal. The estimation of the sLORETA inverse solution with statistical non-
parametric mapping (SnPM) for pre-stimulus map 2 showed lower activation in right
parahippocampal gyrus (MNI coordinates X, Y, Z; 10, -35, 0; t=0.013; p=0.01) preceding
reversals.
Conclusion:
A pre-stimulus microstate map due to lower activation in the right parahippocampal gyrus
activity reflects an intrinsic brain state that leads to perceptual reversals. Parahippocampal
gyrus is a DMN hub and is known to disengages during cognitive load. Hence the lower
activation of parahippocampal gyrus in the prestimulus period could have favored the system
to switch the perception which is cognitively demanding and requires additional resources.
The study provides evidence for how the ongoing intrinsic brain activity even before the
arrival of a stimulus can influence the response. Hence the current study suggests that the
prestimulus intrinsic brain activity could be used as a marker to predict the performance.
Phd-66
Title : Behavioural correlates of cognitive interference in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Name of the authors: Leon Chaithanya1, BatabyalTanaya
2, Tayade T Prashant
3, Sagar Rajesh
4, Sharma Ratna
5,
Kaur Simran3*
Affiliation:
1. Presenting author: Ph.D scholar, Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory (SCEL), Dept. of
Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi :Email: [email protected]
2. Junior research fellow, SCEL, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
4. Professor, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, New Delhi
5. Professor, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
*Corresponding Author:Dr.Simran Kaur,[email protected]
Abstract Body
Introduction:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorder in
children and the DSM-5, lists criteria for ADHD is based exclusively on behaviour and not on aetiology.
Thus, the need of the hour isdiagnosis, which can be quantified.
Cognitive interference in both visual and auditory modalities is known to be affected in ADHD, which is
influenced by deficits in visual and auditory processing of sensory information. There is paucity of literature
pertaining to assessment of interference deficits in both the sensory modalities in ADHD subjects.
Aim: To study cognitive interference in ADHD patients compared to healthy controls by assessingreaction time
and accuracy using visual (VF) and auditory (AF) flankers interference task and to establish a behavioural
biomarker for diagnosis of ADHD.
Materials and method:Twenty DSM-V diagnosedADHD subjects and matched controls were recruited from
psychiatry OPD and from pediatrics OPD respectively. After taking informed consent, they were familiarized
the interference tasks and performed thereafter.
A paradigm with blocks of 20 trials consisting of target letters H/K/S/C was presented. If the target letter were
H/K, then the subject will press 1 and if the target letter were S/C, then the subject will press 2 on subject’s
response keypad.The response, accuracy and reaction time were logged.In visual flankers the target letter
appeared above the fixationcross which may or may not be flanked with several other letters whereas in auditory
flankers subject will hear a warning tone. After which,subject will press space bar for the target letter to start,
then the tone of the targetletter will start which may or may not be flanked with several other letters. The
institutional ethical approvalwas obtained for the same.
Results:Twenty ADHD children (11.73 ± 0.7 yrs) and age matched controls (11.60 ± 0.7 yrs) performed both
the tasks. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean reaction time and accuracy between groups.
Mean reaction time was statistically significant in both visual flankers (854.3±318.8vs784.5±289.2, p=0.02) and
auditory flankers (1238±509.2vs1047±334.4,p=<0.0001) in ADHD versus controls. However, no significant
difference in accuracy percentage between ADHD and controls was found.
Conclusion:ADHDsubjects take time in processing information but respond accurately. The accuracy and
reaction time are affected by an attentional cuevia distinct cognitive and neural processes, wherein voluntary
attention is responsible for accuracy and involuntary attention affects reaction time. Thus, cognitive
interference, could be used as a potential behavioural biomarkerwhile screening ADHD subjects.
Phd-70
Neurofeedback training improves the accuracy of Brain-Computer Interface. Chacko G. Siju, Ahuja Navdeep, Tayade Prashant, Kaur Simran, Sharma Ratna Affiliation: Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging lab, Dept. of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi Presenting Author: Name: Dr. Siju G. Chacko Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Name: Prof. Ratna Sharma Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a tool that could drastically improve the quality of life among disabled individuals. Mu rhythm in EEG during motor imagery task has been proved to be a good approach for controlling BCI. Aims & Objectives: This study aims at quantifying the effect of neurofeedback training in the classification accuracy of BCI classifying grab, lift and grab+lift motor imagery tasks. Materials and methods: This study employed a high density EEG (128 channel) of motor imagery based individual BCI, optimised using actual movement EEG of grab, lift and grab+lift. Recorded EEG was bandpass filtered (6-30Hz) and re-referenced using spherical laplacian (order of interpolation at 2) which was further transformed into features (DFT values of specific frequencies for 6 previous epochs that intervals at 480ms) at every 80ms. Three layered Neural Network with two output node was used as the classifier. Recruited Subjects were divided into two groups randomly. After giving training session, the EEG was recorded during actual movement and motor imagery tasks (30 task of each type). During motor imagery tasks, one group (n=30) was provided with feedback based on the real time classification of data while other group (n=28) was not given any feedback. Results: In the group without feedback training the task detection rate by the classifier algorithm was 46.85%, 35.49% and 22.84% for grab, lift and grab+lift respectively, while in the group with
feedback the detection rate was 60.79%, 49.14% and 37.19% for grab, lift and grab+lift. The detection in group with feedback was higher than group without feedback. Grab and grab+lift detection rate between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The individual BCI with neural network classifier was able to distinguish motor imagery task of grab, lift and grab+lift. Further, the neurofeedback training improved the classification accuracy.
Phd-85
Title: Imbalance between Angiotensin II - Angiotensin (1-7) system is associated with
vascular dysfunction and inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes with newly diagnosed
hypertension
Authors: Srivastava Prachi1, Badhwar Smriti1, Chandran S Dinu1, Jaryal Kumar Ashok1,
Jyotsna P Viveka2, Kishore Kumar Deepak1
Institute Affiliation: 1Autonomic & Vascular function Lab, Department ofPhysiology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
2 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute
of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Presenting Author: Prachi Srivastava
PhD Student, Department of Physiology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Corresponding Author:
Prof. Kishore Kumar Deepak MD, PhD, MAMS
Professor & Head, Department of Physiology
Autonomic and Vascular Function Lab
Department of Physiology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India-110029
Phone: (O) 0091-11-2659 3583, (R) 0091-11-2658 8342
Mobile: 0091-98683 97129
Abstract:
Introduction:Diabetes is associated with inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial
stiffness and Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation which can lead to
hypertension. A protective role of Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 has been recently
identified.Development of hypertension in diabeticpatients can be a result of vascular
derangement mediated by a tilt in the RAAS balance towards a pro-inflammatory profile,
further aggravating the pre-existing pro-inflammatory state, finally resulting in hypertension.
The disease pathology is complicated by the intricate link between each of these vascular
factors, inflammation and RAAS components in the development of diabetes complications.
Aim:The study aims to understand the associations between an imbalance in RAAS
components with pro and anti-inflammatory mediators, vascular dysfunction in a diabetic
population with newlydiagnosed hypertension in an attempt to decipher the possible
mechanisms leading to hypertension. Additionally, the study also tries to identify the
interrelationships between above mentioned factors in these patients.
Material and Methods:Brachial Flow-mediated-dilation (FMD) and Carotid Intima-media-
thickness (CIMT)were done using ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity (PWV) using
Sphygmocor® in 60 diabetic patients. Serum E-selectin, Vascular-Cell-Adhesion-Molecule-1
(VCAM-1),high-sensitivityC-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Renin,
AngiotensinII, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 (ACE2) and Angiotensin1-7 were measured
using by ELISA.Patients with AngiotensinII/Angiotensin1-7 ratio <1 were classified as
Favourable-Axis (FA) group (n=22) and those with ratio >1 were classified as Unfavourable-
Axis (UA) group (n=38).
Results:hsCRP[9.52 (4.64-16.19) vs 3.62 (1.77-13.09) (mg/l), p = 0.04] and CIMT [0.7
(0.55-0.79) vs 0.51 (0.49-0.65) (mm), p = 0.001]were higher and IL-10 [2.26 (1.34-12.05) vs
10.98 (4.44-17.78) (pg/ml),p = 0.006] and %FMD[(5.51 ± 2.97) vs (7.66 ± 3.38) (%), p =
0.01] were lower in UAgroup compared to FA group.Renin correlated positively with blood
pressures, VCAM-1 (r= 0.65, p <0.0001), E-selectin (r = 0.55, p <0.0001),crPWV (r = 0.47, p
= 0.0001),cf PWV (r = 0.45, p =0.0003), AIX@75 (r = 0.3, p = 0.01) and negatively with IL-10
(r = -0.33, p = 0.01).However, opposing associations were obtained for Angiotensin1-7 and
ACE2.Both, ACE2 and Ang1-7 showed a significant negative correlation with peripheral as
well as aortic blood pressures, hsCRP [ACE2:(r = -0.39, p = 0.002); Ang1-7:(r = -0.44, p
<0.0001)] and positive correlation with IL-10 [ACE2: (r = 0.54, p <0.0001);Ang1-7 (r = 0.5, p
<0.0001)]. ACE2 also showed a significant negative correlation withcf-PWV (r = -0.26, p =
0.04), cr-PWV (r = -0.3, p = 0.02),CIMT (r = -0.3, p = 0.02), VCAM-1 (r = -0.31, p = 0.01)and
E-selectin (r = -0.37, p = 0.003).Likewise, Ang1-7 levels showed a significant negative
correlation with cf-PWV (r = -0.33, p = 0.009), CIMT (r = -0.47, p = <0.0001) and with E-
selectin (r = -0.33, p = 0.009)and positive correlation with %FMD (r = 0.33, p = 0.01)
Conclusion: Imbalance between AngiotensinII – Angiotensin1-7 is associated with
increased inflammation and vascular dysfunction in diabetics and can contribute to
development of hypertension in these patients.
Phd-87
Title:Decreased power and connectivity in Autism spectrum disorder: An EEG biomarker
Authors: Ahmad Asfa1, MuthukrishnanSuriyaPrakash
1, Kaur Simran
1, Tayade Prashant
1,
ChakrabartyBiswaroop2, Gulati Sheffali
2, Sharma Ratna
1
Affiliation:
1. Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
2. Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting author: Asfa Ahmad; Email id:[email protected]
Corresponding author:Prof.Ratna Sharma; Email id:[email protected]
Total number of words:439 words
Abstract Body
Introduction. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of complex and heterogeneous
developmental disordersinvolving multiple neural system dysfunctions. To understandthe
neurophysiological substrates and putative prognostics markers of ASD electroencephalography
(EEG) studies offer a promising research approach.We propose that distinct patterns of resting brain
electrical activity and functional connectivitycould be used to distinguish children with ASD from typically
developing (TD) children.
Objective. To compareEEG spectral power and coherence of children with ASD to typically
developing (TD) children during resting (eyes open and eyes closed) condition.
Materials and methods.Case-control study. EEG was recorded during eyes open and eyes closed
condition for 10 minutes each using 128 channel hydrocel geodesic sensor net in sixty-one children
with ASD diagnosed by DSM 5 criteria and forty-eight age matched TD children. Raw EEG was
filtered (1-100 Hz band pass, 50Hz notch) followed by segmentation into 40 epochs of 1 second
duration. Artifacts such as eye movement, eye blink and bad channel were removed using Netstation
software.EEGLAB was used to remove ECG and power line noise artifact using independent
component analysis. Average re-referencing was computed. Artifact free data during eyes open
condition of 42 ASD (mean age 6.3682.645), 40 TD (mean age 7.268 2.345) and eyes closed
condition of 40 ASD (mean age 7.268 2.345), 41 TD (mean age 7.368 2.445) could be used for
further analysis. Individual alpha frequency (IAF) was calculated to classify the EEG in seven
frequency bands i.e. gamma, beta, upper alpha, lower alpha 2, lower alpha 1, theta and delta bandsfor
spectral power and coherence analysis.IAF and spectral power was calculated using “Spectopo”
EEGLAB function, with window size of 256 data points and overlapping windows of 50%.Coherence
between electrodes was analyzed using sLORETA software. Significant difference in spectral power
and coherence between electrodes were plotted using EEGLAB toolbox.
Results. The spectral power of gamma, beta, lower alpha1, theta and coherence of gamma, lower
alpha1 during eyes closed conditionwas significantly (p < 0.0005) lower and the spectral power of
theta and coherence of lower alpha 1, theta, delta was significantly lower (p < 0.0005) during eyes
open condition in ASD compared to TD children.
Conclusion. Reduced spectral power and coherence in specific spectral bands could be used as a
biomarker in children with Autism spectrum disorder. Lower coherence is suggestive of resting state
underconnectivity as reported in fMRI studies. Lower neural connectivity in Autism spectrum
disorder has been reported to be the underlying cause of behavioral manifestations. EEG as a
noninvasive functional biomarker could be used for early diagnosis as well as a prognosis in Autism
spectrum disorder.
---------(End of abstract) ---------
Phd-101 Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation is preserved during induced blood pressure fluctuations Shivangi1, Chandran S Dinu 2, Jaryal Ashok kumar 3, Deepak K K 4
1 PhD student, 2 Assistant professor, 3 Professor, 4 Professor and HOD
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author: Shivangi
[email protected] Corresponding author: Prof. KK Deepak
Introduction: Dynamic cerebral Autoregulation (DCA) refers to pressure - flow relationship observed during
transient changes in arterial blood pressure and takes place over seconds. It has been observed that fast transient
fluctuations in arterial blood pressure are transmitted to cerebral circulation almost linearly, whereas, cerebral
circulation effectively buffers slower fluctuations in BP suggesting that DCA is a frequency dependent
phenomenon. However, the frequency and amplitude dependent nature of cerebral autoregulation is
inadequately studied.
Aim: To study the effect of frequency and amplitude dependent oscillations of arterial blood pressure on
dynamic cerebral autoregulation in healthy subjects.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 18 healthy subjects aged 20-30 years. Lower body
negative pressure was used to induce oscillations in the arterial blood pressure at two magnitudes of suction
pressure which leads to approximately 5mmHg and 10 mmHg fluctuations in mean blood pressure and oscillates
blood pressure at 6 different frequencies (0.03Hz, 0.05Hz, 0.07Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.16Hz and 0.25Hz). Simultaneous
recording of Beat-to-Beat BP and middle cerebral artery Blood Flow Velocity (mCBFV) was done by using
Noninvasive blood pressure recorder (Portapres) and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) respectively.
Results: To ensure that blood pressure oscillates at desired OLBNP frequency power spectral density (psd) of
BP was calculated. There was significant increase in psd of BP at desired oscillating LBNP frequencies compare
to baseline except at 0.25Hz. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated by using transfer function analysis
- coherence, gain and phase was estimated between mean blood pressure and mean middle cerebral blood flow
velocity. For estimating frequency dependent behavior of DCA (1) During spontaneous fluctuations of blood
pressure, coherence was observed to be higher at frequencies 0.1Hz, 0.16Hz, 0.25Hz compared to 0.03Hz,
0.05Hz; Gain and Phase difference were comparable across all frequency. (2) During oscillatory LBNP
targeting mean blood pressure fluctuations ~10 mmHg, coherence increased significantly at 0.1Hz compare to
0.03Hz; and gain and phase difference were comparable across oscillating LBNP frequency. On observing
amplitude dependence of fluctuations of blood pressure on cerebral autoregulation , coherence, gain and phase
were comparable across OLBNP frequency at both magnitude of pressure except that coherence increase
significantly at 0.03Hz at ~10 mmHg fluctuations in mean BP compare to spontaneous fluctuations.
Conclusion: These observations indicate that cerebral vasculature is able to buffer changes in cerebral blood
flow which induced by blood pressure fluctuations across frequency range 0.03Hz- 0.16Hz in healthy subjects.
These observations suggest that in healthy subjects cerebral autoregulation able to maintain constant cerebral
blood flow during externally induced blood pressure fluctuations operating in frequencies encountered during
day to day to life activity like transition from sitting to standing.
Key words: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation, oscillatory lower body negative pressure, middle cerebral blood
flow velocity.
Phd-105
The physiological response to non-hypotensive hypovolemia is initiated by cardiopulmonary
receptors and neuro-mechanical decoupling of baroreceptors.
Yadav Kavita1, Singh Akanksha2, Jaryal Ashok Kumar3, Coshic Poonam4, Deepak K K5
1 PhD student, 2 Assistant professor 3 Professor, 4 Blood bank Officer, 5 Professor and HOD Department of Physiology, Transfusion Medicine (Blood Bank) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Presenting Author: KavitaYadav [email protected] Corresponding author: Prof. Ashok Kumar Jaryal [email protected]
Introduction:Loss of 450 ml of blood during blood donation in an adult is not associated with fall in
blood pressure (non-hypotensive hypovolemia). The physiological compensatory mechanisms
include withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic tone, increase in cardiovascular sympathetic tone
and a late rise of heart rate. Baroreflex is a negative feedback mechanism and therefore in absence
of fall in blood pressure, the role of the baroreflex in initiating the physiological response becomes
intangible.
Aim and objective:The present was designed to delineate the mechanism that leads to physiological
responses that maintains the blood pressure during blood donation.
Material and Methods: The study was performed on 40 healthy male blood donors (age 31 ± 6
years; weight 75.93 ± 8.59 kg). To assess the change in the temporal profile of blood pressure
continuous waveform were recorded. For the assessment of baroreflex sensitivity (n= 22) the slope
of regression line between RR interval and systolic blood pressure was taken. For measuring the
regional blood volume change in the lower limbs impedance plethysmography was used. For
recording Ag/AgCl electrodes were placed at the iliac crest where they serve as a current injector
and two electrodes were placed at the ankle. In between the segment four electrodes were placed
which act as a voltage sensors. Resistance change in the leg volume (n=40) was analysed using
Labchart software before and after blood donation. Ultrasound Doppler probe of 10 MHZ frequency
was used to assess forearm brachial artery diameter and velocity. Forearm vascular resistance (n=8)
was calculated offline by dividing brachial blood pressure / brachial blood flow for every 1 minute
duration during and after blood donation. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The
statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 5.01 (GraphPad Software, Inc.,
USA).
Results: 450 ml of blood loss results in no significant change in blood pressure during and after
blood donation. However, there is a significant decrease in baroreflex sensitivity during (14.76 ± 5.00
ms/mmHg) and after (13.59 ± 6.06 ms/mmHg) blood donation as compared to baseline (19 .11 ±
7.75 ms/mmHg) However, there is a significant decrease in forearm blood velocity in post donation
period (29.96 ± 5.28 cm/sec) as compared to baseline (35.88 ±4.85 cm/sec; p= 0.0002) and a
significant increase in forearm vascular resistance in post donation period (30.64 ± 12.18
mmHg/cm3/sec) as compared to baseline (24.83 ± 11.40; p= 0.0025). There is also a significant
increase in the resistance post donation (0.99 ± 0.09 volts) as compared to the baseline (0.97 ± 0.09
volts; p= <0.001).
Conclusion:The data suggests that physiological response to blood loss is initiated by the
cardiopulmonary receptors leading to sympathetic activation resulting in arterial and venous
vasoconstriction. The stiffening of the arteries leads to the neuro-mechanical decoupling of the
baroreceptors which manifests as decrease in the spontaneous baroreflex. The neuro-mechanical
decoupling provides a mechanism of activation of baroreflex in a feed-forward mode even when the
blood pressure has not decreased.
Total Word count :490
Phd-112
Title: Understanding Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Prakriti classified Healthy
Individuals
Name of the authors: Rengarajan Prathiban1, Chandran S Dinu1, Prasher Bhavana2, Jaryal
Kumar Ashok1, Deepak K K1
1- Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
2- CSIR-TRISUTRA Unit, CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi
Introduction
HRV is beat to beat variation of R-R intervals in ECG. The HRV analysis attempts to assess
cardiac autonomic regulation through quantification of R-R intervals. The time domain and
frequency domain parameters are widely used for HRV measures. The healthy individuals
respond differently to autonomic stimulus. The Ayurveda is an ancient documented medical
science originated in India. Ayurvedic concept of “Prakriti” explains the classification of
humans based on observable phenotypic variations including response to environment and
stress. Thus, Prakriti plays an important role in understanding individuals physiology and
responses to various factors. We hypothesized HRV measures varies in Prakriti classified
healthy individuals
Aims & Objectives
The aim of the study is to determine the Prakriti of healthy individuals and to measure the
resting 5 min Heart Rate Variability
Materials & Methods
The Prakriti was analyzed using CSIR-IGIB Prakriti questionnaire. Totally 418 healthy
individuals from north Indian population were screened for Prakriti assessment after
satisfying inclusion criteria. Amongst these, 12 Kapha (age = 20.83 ± 0.75), 14 Pitta (age =
20.43 ± 0.53) & 14 Vata (age = 21.29 ± 1.49) predominant Prakriti were identified. The 5
min HRV recorded in the supine resting state in lead II configuration using BIOPAC MP-
150. The data were analyzed using RHRV package.
Results
In Vata Prakriti, the time domain measures SDNN (0.004), SDSD (0.021), rMSSD (0.021)
were significantly lower than Pitta Prakriti. In Vata Prakriti, the frequency domain measures
total power (0.001), low frequency (LF) (0.014), high frequency (HF) (0.011) significantly
lower than Pitta Prakriti. On comparison with Kapha Prakriti in frequency domain measures,
Vata Prakriti shows significantly lower total power (0.011), low frequency (LF) (0.027), high
frequency (HF) (0.048).
Conclusion
The time domain of HRV quantifies the amount of variability in the R-R interval. The
SDNN, SDSD, rMSSD signifies parasympathetic regulation in the time domain. Vata
Prakriti shows lower parasympathetic modulation determined by SDNN, SDSD, rMSSD.
The Frequency domain measurements estimate the distribution of power into different
frequency (LF & HF) bands. The HF band signifies parasympathetic predominance and Vata
Prakriti shows lower HF and thus lower parasympathetic modulation. The assessment of
HRV in Prakriti classified healthy individuals helps in early identification of susceptible
individuals to autonomic dysfunction at an early stage. In this data, Vata Prakriti shows
lower parasympathetic modulation both in time and frequency domain. This needs to be
validated using a larger sample as well as establish the relation of Prakriti with other HRV
parameters and its autonomic neural relation.
Phd-120
Correlation of autonomic dysfunction with the atrophy of central
autonomic brain areas in SCA patients
Tamuli Dibashree1 *
, Kaur Manpreet1, Kumaran Senthil S.
2, Jaryal Kumar Ashok
1,
Srivastava Kumar Achal3, Deepak Kumar Kishore
1
1Department of Physiology,
2Department of NMR,
3Department of Neurology; All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Affiliation:
Dr. Dibashree Tamuli, Research Associate
Dr. Manpreet Kaur, Assistant Professor
Dr. S. Senthil Kumaran, Professor
Dr. Ashok Kumar Jaryal, Professor
Dr. Achal Kumar Srivastava, Professor
Dr. Kishore Kumar Deepak, Professor and Head
Presenting Author: Dr. Dibashree Tamuli ([email protected])
Corresponding Author: Dr. Kishore Kumar Deepak ([email protected])
Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by autonomic failure. Interestingly, the brain areas involved in central
autonomic network have been known to be affected in SCA patients. Therefore, we have
studied autonomic dysfunction as well as brain morphometry in these patients.
Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to correlate the severity of autonomic
dysfunction with the degree of atrophy in brain areas modulating autonomic functions.
Materials and methods: Severity of autonomic dysfunction was assessed using Composite
Autonomic Severity Score (CASS) in SCA patients (n = 49). CASS ranges from 0 to 10 and
constitutes of sudomotor (0–3), cardiovagal (0–3), and adrenergic (0–4) subscores.
Volumetric analysis was performed using 3T MRI in SCA patients to assess thinning of brain
areas.
Results: Cardiovagal, adrenergic and sudomotor subscores were 0 (0-1), 1 (1-1) and 3 (2-3)
respectively with total CASS of 4.18±1.39 in SCA patients. Most of the patients had
moderate (77.6%) followed by mild (20.4%) and the least was severe (2.0%) autonomic
failure.
Significant cortical and subcortical thinning was observed in SCA patients in many
autonomic brain areas as compared to healthy controls.
On correlation analysis, cardiovagal subscore of CASS was found to be correlated with brain
areas - left hemisphere - caudal middle frontal (p = 0.010; r = -0.364), middle temporal (p =
0.028; r = -0.314), pars triangularis (p = 0.032; r = -.306), rostral middle frontal (p = 0.009, r
= -0.367), superior frontal (p = 0.034; r = -0.304) and right hemisphere - caudal middle
frontal (p = 0.015, r = -0.345), entorhinal (p = 0.005, r = -0.399), middle temporal (p =0.011;
r = -0.361), accumbens (p = 0.011; r = -0.361), corpus callosum posterior (p = 0.043; r = -
0.290) and overall CASS was found to be correlated with right pars orbitalis (p = 0.022; r = -
0.326)
Conclusion: Our finding suggests moderate generalized autonomic failure (CASS) in most
cases of SCA patients along with autonomic brain areas atrophy (volumetric MRI analysis).
There is significant correlation in severity of autonomic dysfunction with the degree of
degeneration of autonomic brain areas.
Phd-128
Title:
Differential analysis of the proteome of ovarian endometriosis
Name of the authors:
Jaiswal Urja, Yadav Kumar Raj, Kriplani Alka, Roy Kumar Kallol, Gururao Hariprasad
Affiliation:
Presenting Author:
Name: Urja Jaiswal
Department: Dept. of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Email: [email protected]
Corresponding Author:
Name: Prof. Raj Kumar Yadav
Department: Dept. of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Email: [email protected]
Introduction:
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder occurring mainly in
women of reproductive age group. It is a heterogeneous disease with lesions characterized by
the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at various anatomical locations outside the
uterus. Ovarian endometriosis is a phenotype commonly associated with “revised American
Society for Reproductive Medicine” (rASRM) stages III and IV of endometriosis. The
pathogenesis of the disease still remains unclear, leading to non-specific therapeutic
approaches for disease management. With limited insight into its pathophysiology, the
diagnosis of endometriosis remains difficult and challenging.
Aim & Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to identify changes in the ovarian endometriosis proteome
that may aid in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease.
Materials and Methods:
Age-matched (29.4 ± 4.7yrs) infertile women with regular menstrual history, in their
proliferative phase of menstrual cycle, were included in the study. Proteins extracted from
paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium samples of patients suffering from endometriosis
(n=8) and control endometrium samples (n=6) of the disease free infertile patients were used.
The proteins were separated using 2D-DIGE and differentially expressed spots were picked,
trypsin digested and subjected to MALDI-TOF/MS. Data was analyzed using Mascot
software for identification and KEGG tool was used for pathway analysis.
Results:
A total of 53 significantly dysregulated proteins could be successfully identified. These
proteins are involved in metabolic pathways, cell signaling, apoptosis, cell cycle, structural
and stress response proteins. Some of the proteins downregulated in ectopic tissue were
ANX4, GSTM1, MSRA, EEFSEC, MFAP3L and GDI2. Proteins like DNM1L, TUBAL3,
HSPA2, and PRDX6 were upregulated in ectopic tissue in comparison to eutopic
endometrium from patients with and without endometriosis.
Conclusion:
In our study, the proteomic analysis of well characterized ectopic and eutopic tissue samples
has identified novel proteins associated with ovarian endometriosis.
Phd-130
Title: Relative fold change in mRNA levels of genes related to
inflammatory pathways and ageing in obesity after yoga based
lifestyle intervention
Sharma Piyush1, Netam Ritesh
1, Khadgawat Rajesh
2, Yadav Rajkumar
1
Affiliation:1Integral Health Clinic (IHC), Department of Physiology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi
Presenting author: Piyush Sharma
Email address: [email protected]
Corresponding author: Raj Kumar Yadav
Email address: [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a low grade chronic inflammatory disease associated with various
conditions like oxidative stress, cellular ageing, increased immune response & inflammation,
etc. However, the role of yoga-based lifestyle intervention on gene expression related to
stress, inflammatory and cellular ageing pathways in obesity is lacking.
Aim and objective: To study the effect of Yoga based lifestyle intervention with standard
treatment on relative expression of genes related to stress, inflammation and cellular ageing.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on males and females of age (18-
45 years), BMI (25kg/m2-35kg/m2), in Integral Health Clinic, Department of Physiology,
AIIMS, New Delhi. Subjects were recruited after taking consent for their participation in the
study. Baseline data of the subjects were taken followed by their randomisation into two
groups i.e. Group A (n=16) in which subjects will get the standard treatment for obesity and
Group B (n=15) in which subjects will get the Yoga based lifestyle intervention along with
the standard treatment for two weeks respectively. Blood samples were taken from the
subjects of both the groups before and after the intervention followed by RNA extraction.
Relative fold changeof Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nuclear
factor kappa B (NFkβ) and Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)was measured
using Q-PCR.
Results: Relative fold change of TNF-α (0.004), IL-6 (0.039) and NFkβ(0.0009) gets
downregulated significantly after two weeks in subjects intervened with yoga based lifestyle
intervention along with standard treatment. hTERT (0.0006) had shown significant
upregulation after two weeks in subjects intervened with yoga based lifestyle intervention
along with standard treatment.Relative fold change of TNF-α, IL-6, hTERT and NFkβ did not
show any significant difference in subjects intervened with standard treatment alone.
Conclusion: Yoga Based lifestyle intervention might be positively modified the expression
of genes related to inflammatory pathways and cellular ageing in obesity.
Phd-132
Title:
Association of Vitamin D Levelsin obesity with Metabolic Syndrome
Name of the Authors: PragatiPragya, Raj Kumar Yadav, Rajesh Khadgawat* and R M Pandey*
*Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi
*Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Affliation:
Presenting Author: PragatiPragya
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Email: [email protected]
Corresponding Author: Raj Kumar Yadav
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Email:[email protected]
Introduction:
Vitamin D role is not only associated with mineral metabolism and bone health but also with
several non-communicable diseases (NCDs)such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Aimand Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in
overweight/obese individuals with and without metabolic syndrome and to see association
between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Methods:
This is a baseline data of our interventional study carried at Integral Health Clinic (IHC),
Dept. of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.One
thirty seven overweight/ obese subjects (85female and 52 male) were included in the present
study. Further, all thesubjects werecategorized as overweight/obese with metabolic syndrome
(n=79) and without metabolic syndrome (n=58) as per International Diabetes Federation
(IDF) criteria. Vitamin D status was assessed as deficient if 25(OH) vitamin D levels were <
20 ng/mL and insufficient if ≥ 20 - < 30 ng/mL. We evaluated anthropometric parameters,
complete lipid profile, blood glucose, serum 25(OH) D and blood pressure. Routine
laboratory investigation like LFT, KFT were also assessed for liver and kidney functions.Chi-
square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used.
Results:
Mean ± SD age and BMI of subjects were 34.05 ± 7.54 years & 31.42 ± 3.08
kg/m2respectively. Presence of vitamin D deficiency in overweight/obese with MetS was
86.1% as comparedto72% in overweight/obese without MetSand difference is statistically
significant (P = 0.04). Oddsof MetS among vitamin D deficient subjects was 2.35(.99-5.51)
times more as compare to the subjects who are vitamin D insufficient(P=.05). A negative
correlation was found between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and body mass index (r = -
0.208, P = 0.014) and an inverse correlation with waist circumference, Systolic blood
pressure (SBP), triglycerides and positive with HDL cholesterol (statistically not significant.)
Conclusion:
Vitamin D deficiency is more common in obesity with metabolic syndrome than in those
without. Reduced 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of having
metabolic syndrome.
Phd-136
Low intensity electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal connectivity and survival in
spinal cord injured rats: a potential non-invasive therapy
Presenting author:
Name: Supti Bhattacharyya (PhD student)
Email: [email protected]
Corresponding author:
Prof Suman Jain
Email: [email protected]
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi,
India
Introduction: Extremely low intensity magnetic (EMF) field has been shown to improve
locomotion and general body condition after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Aim and objective: The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of EMF on
secondary damage and neuronal connectivity.
Materials and Methods: EMF (17.96µT) exposure was given 2h/day for 5 weeks in 25mm
contusion rat model of SCI. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scoring was
used to assess motor behavior, motor (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
and retrograde tracing were done to evaluate neuronal connectivity and survival respectively.
The extent of lesion due to secondary damage was calculated by cresyl violet staining.
Results: A significant (P=0.000) improvement was observed in BBB score in EMF exposed
group as compared to SCI after 5 weeks of contusion injury. A significant (P=0.01) increase
in the threshold of MEP and SSEP was observed after SCI, which attenuated significantly
(P=0.001) in the EMF group. Amplitudes of MEP and SSEP decreased significantly
(P=0.001) after SCI as compared to sham, but showed a significant (P=0.001) increase after 5
weeks of EMF exposure. Retrograde tracing with fast blue showed a significant (P=0.001)
increase in the number of surviving neurons, rostral and caudal (2cm) to the lesion site after
EMF exposure. Further, extent of lesion and volume decreased significantly (P=0.005) after
MF exposure as compared to SCI group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study provide experimental evidence for the
therapeutic potential in EMF spinal cord injured patients.
Phd-139
‘’Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Respiratory system Impedance’’ Meghashree Sampath1, Anjali Trivedi1, Geetanjali Bade1, Anjana Talwar
1Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author: Meghashree Sampath
Corresponding Author: Anjana Talwar
Background: Obesity is a health hazard of global concern. Various indices of
obesity have
been associated with impaired respiratory function as assessed by conventional
Spirometry.
There is paucity of literature investigating the effect of obesity on
respiratory Impedance.
Impulse Oscillometry is a novel and sensitive technique to measure airway
resistance and
recoil of respiratory system.
Objectives: To evaluate airway resistance in healthy subjects using Impulse
Oscillometry
and to correlate impedance parameters with Waist circumference (WC) and Waist
Hip Ratio
(WHR).
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, healthy males (n=23) and
females
(n=22) aged 20 to 50 years were recruited. Body Mass Index (BMI), WC, Hip
circumference
(HC) was measured and WHR was calculated. Spirometric and impulse Oscillometry
parameters FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, Resistance at 5Hz (R5), Resistance at 20 Hz
(R20), R5-
R20, and Area under reactance (AX) were assessed. For analysis, subjects were
divided into
two groups based on cut-off values of waist circumference (WC≥90 cm; WC≥80 cm)
and
Waist Hip Ratio (WHR≥ 0.90 cm; WHR≤0.80 cm) for males and females
respectively.
Results: Subjects with higher WC had a lower FEV1/FVC (p= 0.027) and higher R5
(p=
0.011), R5- R20 (p= 0.004) and AX (p=0.005) as compared to subjects with lower
WC. R5
was elevated in both males and females with higher WHR as compared to lower
WHR. WC
was found to be positively correlated with R5 (r= 0.711, p<0.0001), R20 (r=
0.665,
p<0.0001), AX (r= 0.684, p<0.0001) and R5-R20 (r=0.421, p= 0.0003) and
negatively
correlated with FEV1/FVC (r=-0.674, p<0.0001). WHR was found to be positively
correlated
with R5 (r= 0.49, p=0.01) and BMI (r=0.64, p=0.001) in males and AX (r=0.43,
p=0.04) in
females.
Conclusion:
Total airway resistance increases significantly with increase in abdominal
obesity.