8/12/2019 Poster Desire AHEZANew

1/1

Introduction

The current communication infrastructure of 9-1-1 is based on analog

technology that doesntsupport many advanced telecommunication

features (texting, emailing picture) that most end users are expectingto be part of emergency communication system. To remedy these

problem emergency services have to be provided using IP networks.

Providing Emergency services based on Voice over Internet Protocol

(VoIP) is not only a success of VoIP but it will also give opportunities

to enhance the existing emergency call processing infrastructure.

With the growing popularity of VoIP services, 3G/4G wireless phones,

and other advanced communications technologies, customers

subscribed to these technologies expect that they can use them to reach

911 services, just as they can by using ordinary public landline

communication system to reach 9-1-1. Most of the subscribers are

unaware of the current limitations of the 9-1-1 network infrastructure

with respect to some wireless technology or internet based technology.

Sometime they got disappointed due to the fact that the technology that

they use most the time cant help them to reach 9-1-1.

The purpose of this study is to review a mechanism that can be

adopted to achieve the enhancement of the emergency communication

network that will able to exploit and/or serve current technology

subscriber s Devices by granting quality of services, reliability,

scalability, compatibility and robustness to withstand to any kind od

disasters. This mechanisms is based on a network architecture using

SIP as a signaling protocol and IP Networks.

Research MethodologyThis sections presents questions used to collect required information

for the study. Their answers are presented in the section. Level II is a

set of sub-questions used to understand and answer Level I question.

We used scholar and other trusted articles to find these answers.

Study the requirement to send multimedia file over E911 network (VoIP or Wireless)

Desire AHEZA

Graduate School of Engineering, Oklahoma Christian University, Oklahoma City, OK

Literature CitedDale, H.,Brad, B., &Phil, W. (2007).Health of the US9-1-1 SystGopal, S.,&Guy, C. (2009).The journey to Next Generation 9-1-

Ala' F. Khalifeh and Khalid A. Darabkh (2012). Current Ch

Opportunities in VoIPover WirelessNetworks,

http://www.intechopen.com/books/mobile-multimedia-usperspectives/voip-over-wireless-networks

NENAi3 TECHNICALREQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT

prepared by: National Emergency Number Association (N

Committee Long Term Definition Working Group

https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nena.org/resource/collect

36A714CB085D/NENA_08-751-v1_i3_Requirements_L

Police chief Jeff olson,. , sheriff tony thompson, & Police c

ng911 can improve your agency. Retrieved from

http://www.911.gov/ng911_law/download/NG911_Resize

Level I

Level II

How can E911 services be enhanced by including

video/data communication and what are the limitations of

such implementations?

i. What compatibility (challenges) issues exist between

VoIP and other Wireless technology (GSM, 3G and

E911, PSTN) networks?

ii. What are the limitations of the current Emergency

network?

iii. What are the benefits of introducing Emergency

services (9-1-1 services) in IP network would benefit

the public and public safety agencies?

iv. What are the standards to meet in order to provideemergency services (sending multimedia) over advanced

telecommunication network i.e. IP networks?

v. Evaluate the current technology of multimediatransmission, based on your study recommend network

architecture that can be used to provide Emergency

services over IP networks?Figure 1 Level I & II questions

Research Findings

With the growth in use of VoIP, it is evident that many calls to 9-1-1 PSAPs will be

originated from these VoIP users. The high expectations of the public that they can reach

the 9-1-1 systems using any communication device, testifies the need of EMERGENCYSERVICES OVER IP NETWORK. So it is important to improve the compatibility

between VoIP and other communication technology . Then finally improve the 9-1-1

services.

Needs to Improve 9-1-1 Services

Soora & Clinch ( 2009,p.2) in the Journey to Next Generation 9-1-1 states that the

current 9-1-1 system has not technologically kept pace with the times, its Architecture

continues to be based upon circuit-switched analog voice telephone technology, so that

the system can process voice-only calls and the minute amount of data that comes with

those calls.

Figure 2 Woman uses FACEBOOK

to Find Help (WALSH, January 2014)

Hatfield, Bernthal, and Phil Weiser(2007, pp.30-35); states that the 9-1-1 network

infrastucture is incapable ofExploiting and/or Serving Current Technology Subscriber

Devices; PSAP cant process emails, text messages, digital images, audio and video. If a

subscriber sent to 9-1-1 for example a picture of a car leaving a crime scene the PSAP

will not have the technology to treat the kind of message because it has been designed

with voice capability only. We need a new technology to overcome this limitation.

Susann Stacy said her husband tore out their

house phone while she had no cellphone

reception. Unable to call 911, she posted a

photo of her beaten face and pleaded for

someone to help her. Note that she used a

third party i.e. Facebook instead of 9-1-1

infrastructure in order to reach someone

who can help, because the 9-1-1 PSAPs

can process images

Improvement in Telecommunication Networks

As a new technology, VoIP faces many challenges. Khalifeh and Darabkh

(2012 ,p.10) states that VoIP over wireless challenges may be associatedwith the Wireless transmission and how they affect the transmission

quality. They highlighted that VoIP packet may faces bit errors

introduced by other interfering signals,packet lossdue to buffers

overflow of the intermediate nodes.

Enhancing Quality of Service in 3G/4G network capabilities (bandwidth,

introducing queue management protocols, quality of services and packet

prioritization.) would overcome those issues and help to implement a

reliable VoIP communication using wireless networks (3G/4G) and

existing PSTN networks. This has proved me that if those issues affecting

VoIP traffic were removed, 9-1-1 services might be provided using VoIP

technology over IP networks.

Architecture

The architecture presented in is the implementation suggested in NENA

08-751, Issue 1, (September 2006, p.11) that can be adopted in order to

provide Emergency services over IP networks.

It is based on SIP for IP connected callers. Other protocols are permitted

if they are interworked to SIP for presenting to the PSAP. The Emergency

Services IP Network or the PSAP must accept calls from selective routers,

including CAMA-like and ISDN interfaces.

Call setup time (dialing of last digit to ring at the PSAP), under expected

peak load shall be less than 2 seconds.

It grantees that PSAPs shall accept voice, Images, video and text media

streams on RTP transport, possible for PSAPs to accept additional media

(e.g. images) from callers without tearing down the call.

Benefits

\

Conclusions and Future

Enhancing 9-1-1 services requires the migrato IP based PSAPs, this will result in provid

over IP networks using SIP signaling protoc

technology, Quality of Services (QoS) in IP

enhanced; constraints faced by packets over

overcome by prioritizing packets containing

adopting optimized codecs and applying Qo

The implementation the next generation 9-1

associated with the public safety leaders and

establishing the framework for a nationwide

and local needs for robust, interoperable em

Because each state in USA has its own laws

building, managing, and funding its 9-1-1 n

they can unit their force and build a national

High Technology

Currently 9-1-1 infra

sharing multimedia i

demonstrates scenar

information are very

In a hostage situatio

of an

Safer CommunitiesOnce 9-1-1 infrastructure is able to easily and

text messages and videos, citizens can more e

enabling first responders to respond more sw

example, a witness might capture a video of a

send it to 9-1-1; a call-taker immediately disp

Here is a video of a robbery

frommy smart phone

Dispatch: A

witnessjust sent

this video in

Benefits (cont.)

Figure 3 NENA 08-751, Issue 1, September, 2006

IMPROVED SERVICE TO

SENIORS &DISABLED

Iam deafandhaving chest pain.

Help!Im in an alleyat 4th and Main..

Help ison the way.

Calls must be routed to the correct PSAP based on the location of the caller known at

the time of the call and the declared service boundary of the PSAP

The architecture also allows Backup/Failover, when a PSAP fails, calls intended to

route to it shall route to one or more designated PSAP(s).

Information to 911

Information from 911

PSAPCenter

IMPROVED ACCESS TO 911Sometimes,citizens can find

themselvesin dangerous,

even life-threatening,

situationsin which speaking

to a 911 call-takerwould

put themin even greater

danger.In these cases,

the ability to send a text

message to request help is

much safer.

Figure 4 Improved 9-1-1 service

Olson, Thompson & Feaker (2013, p.6)

Figure 5 Improved 9-1-1 service

Olson, Thompson & Feaker (2013, p.7)