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Features of ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000):• Impaired social interactions and failure to develop social relationships• Impaired and disordered language and communication• Occurrence of restricted and repetitive behaviors.

Prevalence and Etiology • 1960s -1980s: 1/14,000 - 1/5,000 • 2005: 1/285 - 1/166• 2009: 1/100 - 1/91 • 90% - 95%: Uncertain cause • 5% -10%: Environmental, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic disorders.

Percent of age two diagnostic combinations and best-estimate judgments accurately predicting diagnosis at 9

Early Identification Implications

Early Identification and Intervention for Infant and Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Feng-Chen Lin, M. A. &  Supattra Andrade, M. A. Faculty Sponsors: Dr. Rashida Banerjee & Dr. Spencer Weiler

What are the trajectories associated with early development in ASD?

(AUT-Autistic, PDD- Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Non-Nonspectrum)

APA Presidential Task Force On Evidence-based Practice (2006)

• The dimension of evidence-based practice relates to the unique characteristics, culture, and values of the client.• Evidence-based practice is consistent with the child and family’s values and perspectives.• Family engagement promotes collaboration between

families and practitioners and better informs individual treatment planning.

Conclusion

CHART or PICTURE

Early Warning Signs of ASD• Not smiling by six months of age • Not babbling, pointing or using gestures by 12 months • Not using single words by age 16 months • Not using two word phrases by 24 months • Having a regression in development, with any loss of language or social skills

Validated Screening Tools

Validated Diagnostic Tools

Introduction Early Intervention

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Category Interventions

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention

ABA for Academics ABA for Adaptive Living

Skills ABA for Challenging

Behavior

ABA for Communication ABA for Social Skills ABA for Vocational Skills

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Facilitated Communication (FC)

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Sign Language Voice Output Communication

Devices (VOCA)

Developmental, Social-Pragmatic (DSP) Models

Eclectic models DIR/Floortime RDI

SCERTS Solomon’s PLAY model

Diet & Nutritional Approaches

Vitamin B6-Magnesium Supplements

Vitamin C Supplements

Gluten-casein free diets Omega-3 Fatty Acid

Supplements

Psychotherapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for anxiety and anger management

Sensory Integration Therapy

Auditory Integration Training (AIT)

Sensory Integration Therapy (includes deep pressure, weighted vests, etc.)

Touch Therapy / Massage

Social Skills Training Social Skills Training Social Stories™

Other approaches Hyperbaric treatment TEACCH

Biological findings: ASD is associated with genetic risk factors in twins and recurrence risk in younger siblings of children with ASD.

Behavioral findings: Behavioral and physiological early warning signs of ASD have been link to later developmental outcomes for children.

Valid screening and assessment instruments: Profes sionals are advocating for screenings to occur during the first 2 years of children’s lives.

High-quality interventions: service pro viders should use their professional wisdom in selecting practices and determine if those procedures adequately address the needs of infants and toddlers with autism.

Early Identification and Diagnosis

• Early intervention practitioners and professionals in the medical or allied health communities should be aware of the early warning signs of the disorder• Public awareness resources for professionals and families that include warning signs for earlier identification should lead to timely access to effective interventions and services• Validated screening and diag nostic tools are available, and clinicians should use them more often in their day-to-day practice

Early Intervention

• Researchers have been diligently working to establish the research base as a guide for selecting appropriate intervention strategies.• There is scientific evidence from research with preschool children with ASD about the efficacy of many focused intervention practices• Service providers should use their professional wisdom in selecting practices and determine if those procedures adequately address the needs of infants and toddlers with ASD

Autism Spectrum Disorders are now more common than childhood cancers in the United States.

(Gloeker, Percy, & Bunin, 2005)

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Rashida Banerjee, Dr. Spencer WeilerFor more information, please contact:

Feng-Chen Lin at lin1746@bears.unco.edu