Postmodernism theory, theorists and texts Theories of Genre John Fiske USEFUL THEORIST Develops Barthes: Semic code. Claud Levi-Strauss Developed the concept of Bricolage Saw any text as constructed out of socially recognisable debris from other texts Film writers/writers construct these test by the process off- (EXAMPLES USED FROM INGLOURIOUS BASTARDS): Addition A REVENGE ELEMENT Deletion THE BATTLE (FIGHT SCENES) Substitution BATTLEFIELDS (EXTERIORS) INSTEAS FOR CINEMA (INTERIOR) Transportation Gerard Genette Developed the term transsexuality Developed 5 sub-groups (4 only apply to film) Intertectuality HAS TO BE USED IN EVERY TEXTTEXT REFERS TO SOMETHING ELSE, E.G. IN QUOTATION ArchitextualityDESIGNATION OF THE TEXT AS PART OF THE GENRE BY THE WRITER OR BY THE AUDIENCE MetatextualityEXPLICT OR IMPLICT CRITICAL COMMENTARY OF ONE TEXT ON ANOTHER Hypotextuality RELATION BETWEEN A TEXT AND A PRECEEDING HYPOTEXT- a text or genre on which it is based but which it transforms, modifies, elaborates or extends (including parody, spoof, sequal, translation)

POSTMODERNIST THEORY Baudrillard (1) Developed the Idea of McLuhan It is possible to deny that the message underneath the medium has any substance at all. Audience perceives media to be real but is not Baudrillard (2) Developed the idea of simulation and simulacra STIMULATION: PROCESS IN WHICH REPRESENTATIONS OF THINGS COME TO REPLACE THEE THINGS BEING REPRESENTED REPRESENTATION BECOMES MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE REALTHING. 4 ORDERS OF STIMULATION:1. SIGNS THOUGHT OF AS REFLECTING REALIY2. SIGNS MASK REALITY 3. SIGNS MASK THE ABSENCE OF REALITY4. SIGNS BECOM SIMULARCRA SIMULARCRA: THE HAVE NO RELATION TO REALITY- THEY STIMULATE A STIMULATION. FROM SIMULARCRA HE DEVELOPS THE IDEA OF HYPERREALITY HYPERREALITY: A CONDITION IN WHICH REALITY HAS BEEN REPLACED BY SIMULACRAARGUES THAT TODAY WE ONLY EXPERIENCE PREPARED REALITIES- EDITED WAR FOOTAGE. MEANINGLESS ACTS OF TERRORISM. THE JERMY KYLE SHOW.

Frederic Jameson Rejects Postmodernism Essentially believes that postmodernism provides pastiche, humorously referencing itself and other text in a vacuous and meaningless circle. Pastiche is distinct from parody, which uses irony, humour and intertextual reference to make an underlying and purposeful point.