postwar uncertainty ch.15 · • albert einstein and his theory of relativity • said space and...
TRANSCRIPT
Postwar Uncertainty
CH.15.1
Main Idea: The postwar period was one of loss and uncertainty but also of invention, creativity, and
new ideas
Why it matters now: Postwar trends in physics, psychiatry, art, literature, communication, music,
and transportation still affect us today
Objectives
• Explain how new scientific theories
challenged old beliefs.
• Summarize new art styles.
• Identify the changing roles of women.
New World
• WWI shattered the idea that “reason will
prevail” that had been around since the
enlightenment
• People question traditional beliefs
• Science and technology become the new
sources of authority over religion
Revolution in Sciences
• Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity • Said space and time are relative when measured to a relative
object E=MC2
• “It’s all relative”
• People stop believing that everything is orderly and follows set laws in science
• Freud and his theories in psychology • Theorized about the human mind
• Called irrational part of the mind the unconscious – Many levels to the unconscious, the pleasure seeking drive,
• His theories weakened the argument for reason
Literature in the 1920s
• Most artists in postwar felt the world was a “wasteland” LEAVING no hope
• Writers begin to focus more on the present and the future
• Franz Kafka – wrote novels where the main character was put into a dangerous and bizarre situation. – The Trial
– The Castle
– Metamorphosis – man turns into a cockroach
• James Joyce – influenced by Freud, writes
like the mind thinks, in stream of
consciousness
• F Scott Fitzgerald – writes about
disillusioned people of the 1920s, became
the icon of the “Lost Generation”
Philosophy
• Existentialism – No meaning in life, everyone has to find the meaning of their own lives for it to count.
• Fredrick Nietzsche – German philosopher said reason, democracy, and progress had stunted human creativity and action
• Wanted people to be heroic = proud, assertive, and strong (Nazis use this thinking later)
Art!
• Artists want to start depicting emotion,
imagination and dreams.
• Cubism – 1907 developed by Pablo
Picasso and Georges Braque • Natural shapes into geometric forms
• Many times showing many views at once
• Surrealism – sought to display dreams,
again inspired by Freud • Salvador Dali and his melting clocks
Salvador Dali and his melting
clocks
Cubism
Music
• Composers use irregular rhythms to
produce harsh sounds
• Jazz is created! • Starts in the United States (one of the only true art
forms that is all American)
• Black Americans begin jazz, mainly coming from
New Orleans, Memphis, Harlem, and Chicago
Society Changes
• Women's Rights
– WWI had allowed many women to leave the home and experience new things
– Women gain the right to vote
– Clothing changes, girls start showing a little ankle.
– Women began wearing makeup
– Women drank and smoked in public!
Technology • The Car
– Improved upon during WWI
– Soon many people can afford a car!
– Opens up world, people take “vacations”, move to the suburbs etc
– Cars are now sleek, bright, attractive, with headlights and bumpers
• The Airplane – 1919 first transatlantic flight
– 1927 Charles Lindberg flew from NY to Paris in 33 hours
– Airlines begins forming, Pan Am, United, American
• The Radio – 1920s first radio station KDKA out of Pittsburg
– Soon Radios in every home!
– Broadcast, news, music, talk shows, sports and serial dramas
• The Movies – 1920s the movie industry took off, 90% of movies will
be made in Hollywood!
– Charlie Chaplin – King of the silent screen, comic genius, produced, directed and starred in many major motion pictures.
Technology
ET…55 ways…#27
• 3,2,1s