Potato seed piece storage temperature and duration ofgrowing period on response of 'Kennebec' and 'Norgold' cv.

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Authors El-Bereir, Kamal Mohieldin, 1945-

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POTATO SEED PIECE STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND DURATION OF GROWING PERIOD ON RESPONSE OF 'KENNEBEC' AND

'NOIGOLD' cv.

by. - u

Kamal Mohieldin El-Bereir

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree ofMASTER OF SCIENCE

WITH A MAJOR IN HORTICULTUREIn the Graduate College

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

1 9 7 6

STATEMENT BY AUTHOR

This thesis has beeh shbinittecS in psrtial fxilfill-- irieti.t of requirements for an-advanced degree at The University of Arizona.and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library.

quotations from this thesis are without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Request for permission for extended quotation fro# a reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

SIGNED: 't n,, , , a J L - ^ L "

APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR thesis has been approved on the date shown below:

P. M. BESSI Associate Professor of

Horticulture

,/ % ;/:?*74>'Date

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to express sineere gratitude to Dr. Paul M. Bessey.for his kindness and patience during the time spent in carrying on the research project for this thesis, and for his constructive guidance and assistance as a major professor. • '

The author wishes to thank his comtnittee,. Professor Steve Fazio and Dr. Norman F. Oebker, for their advice and encouragement throughout my graduate program.

Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Robert L. Voigt,Dr. LeMoyne Hogan, Dr. Michael. E. Stanghellini and Dr. Weymouth D. Pew for their technical assistance.

The author also wishes to acknowledge the help, support and friendship given by Dr. Gale L. Fuller who tragically died during the progress of this research.

Also, the author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to his wife, Nagwa, and son, Mohieldin, for their encouragement and understanding during this course of study.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLOSTEATIQNS , . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . v£LIST OF TABLES v . . , 4. . . . . . viS.ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vili

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IREVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 3

Influence of Storage Temperature on Seed Tubers . 3Influence-of .Environmental and Agricultural.:..

Rfactices on.-Excess Tuber Set . . . . . . . . 5The Significance of Seed Size and Spacing . . . . 6Effects of Harvest Date . . . . . . . , ... . . . . 8Physiological Factors Affecting Tuber Set . . . . 8

MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . , . \ . . . 11Plant Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11"Experimental Design . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 12Land Preparation and Planting . . . . . . . . . . 12Irrigation and Cultivation . . . . . . 13Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

RES ULT S AND DI SCUSS ION . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 14Number of Stems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Dry Weight of Tops . . . . . . . . .... . . . , 15Number of Stolons., . . . . . . . . . » . . . . . 1?Stolon Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Grade Jumbo . ............ 22Grade A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Grade B . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 22

SUMMARY . . . .... . . ; . . . v . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

iV

VTABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued

•PsLgeAPPENDIX A: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE . . . . . . .. . . . , 24LITERATURE CITED 27

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Dry weight of tops as affected by planting andsampling dates-^means of three plants . . . . . 16

2. Stolon numbers of 1 Kennebec1 and 'Norgoid1 cv„ as affected by seed storage temperature andplanting date-^mean of.three plant totals . , . 18

3, Stolon length of 'Kennebec' and 'Norgold1 cv. a s a f f e c t e d b y seed storage temperature andplanting date . . . . . t . . . . . . * . . . . 20

vi

Table1.

LIST OF TABLES

Tuber number and. weight by cuttlvar, planting date and seed storage temperature . . * , . . . 21

vii

ABSTRACT

Potato (SolanuTn tuberosufa L . ) cultivars 'Kennebec ' and 'Norgold' were planted on March 19, 1976 and April 2, 1976 in Tucson, Arizona, to evaluate tuber set and growth responses of 'NorgoId Russet' and 'Kennebec' cultivars as influenced by preplanting seed storage temperature and growing periods.

Higher preplanting seed storage temperatures and the later planting date increase yield of both cultivars.

None of the direct treatments affected stem numbers but the second planting date resulted in higher dry weight of tops than the first planting date.

Excess tuberaet was not experienced in this study.

viil

INTRODUCTION

The white or Irish potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) ranks third in dollar value among the many vegetables grown in Arizona. Arizona farmers grow approximately 10,000 acres of potatoes each year, with a farm value over $10 ;million (Arizona Agricultural Statistics 1976).

Many important changes have taken place since potatoes were first grown commercially in Arizona over 40 years ago. The major production areas have shifted from Coconino, Yavapai, and Greenlee Counties to the Salt River Valley (including Queen Creek, Deer Valley, West Phoenix areas) in Maricopa County and Eloy and Welton-Mohawk districts in Pinal and Yuma Counties, respectively. The shift in production areas has been one of the important factors for increased yields.

In Arizona eultivars are selected for their adaptability, yielding capability, quality and marketability.1 Red LaSoda' and 'NorgoId' are currently the most popular table stock varieties with *Norchief1 and 'White Rose' being used in lesser amounts. 'Kennebec' is the predominant processing potato.

1

'Norgold' plants are compact, medium sized and early maturing. The tubers are oblong to long, usually with heavily netted and uniform russeted shin with a yellow under color. Tuber flesh is white. Under Arizona conditions the 'Norgold' plants set tubers profusely but some difficulty is experienced in obtaining adequate size at maturity, resulting in production of high percentages of undersized potatoes which sell at a lower price on the table stock market.

'Kennebec' is a rapid growing cultivar; midseason in maturity, robust and has wide adaptability across the U.S..A, for manufacture of potato chips'.

The objective of this study was to evaluate tuber set and growth responses of 'Norgold' and 'Kennebec' culti-* vars as influenced by preplanting storage temperature and growing periods with a primary concern to determine relationship between tuber set and plant capability for producing market size tubers.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Influenc# of Storage Temperature on Seed Tubers Stuart, Lombard and Peacock (1929) working with

' Irish -Gobbler-found less lose due to rot and other factors at 40°F than when stored at either 32°F or 36°F. .Theyobserved no differences in yield obtained from seed stored at the different storage temperatures.

Smith (1937) working with ’Irish Gobbler■ found that seed stored at 40°F produced higher yields than when stored at 320F or 35°F. With seed from 320F he reported delayed emergence and a lower stand. Larger tubers and numbers of U.S. No. 1 potatoes were found in this decreasing order: 50QF, 40°F,- 35°F and 320F.

Fischnich and Krug (1963) stated that plants from tubers stored at 35.6°F and 53.6°F matured slightly earlier than those stored at 41°F or 46.4°F. Although potato seed- stOcks stored at low temperatures (about 4°C) prpduced high yield, they could never reach their full potential because of their delayed emergence. They stated that variety, time of harvest and weather conditions are essential factors in evaluating the optimum storage conditions for high yield.

3

' ■ ' : ■ V ■ ' ' ' ■ : 4Went (1959) observed that seed tubers grown under

cooler temperatures were more productive in the next season. iritani (1968) studying the effect of different storage temperatures on the yield of potatoes, reported that seed stored at temperatures of 4Q°F and 45GF produced significantly higher yield of tubers weighing ten ounces and over than seed stored at 35°F.

Fischnich and Krug (1963) reported that lower yields were obtained from seed tubers stored at high temperature (i20e). Murphy et al. (1967) recorded that the yield of 'KatahdinV grown from seed tubers stored at 38°f were significantly greater than those stored at 32°F or 45°F.

iritani (1968) exposing 'Russet Burbank' seed potatoes to different temperatures, reported the fewest stems per seed piece were obtained from seed tubers stored at 40°F in comparison with storage at 35°F or 45^F. He found that seed tubers stored at 40°F and 45°F produced significantly higher yields of U.S. No. 1 tubers: than seed stored at 35°F.

Isleib and Thompson (1958) working with ten different potato cultivars observed that as the seed storage temperature was increased, both sprout and fresh root weight increased. Workman and Twomey (1970) with 'Kennebec' stored at 320f and 4i°F in various concentrations of O 2

and CO2 they found no significant differences in yield between treatments, however, differences in seed tuber survival were noted.

InfTuen^ &&d Agri culturalP r a c t i c e s on Excess Tubef Set ' .

Excess tuber set has been attributed to extreme environmental factors which have been investigated by many . workers. Gray (1972) stated that the number of tubers set or surviving at harvest can be affected by environmental conditions which favor rapid foliage growth: during the early stages of tuberization and will reduce tuber number, while conditions which retard foliage growth will increase tuber number. Ivins and Montague (1958) noted that the number of tubers per plant was influenced by the depth of soil covering the parent tuber. Shallow coverings of one inch gave significantly greater numbers of tubers per plant with a reduction in the average size of tubers compared with a soil covering of four inches. Fertilizer treatments in addition to having effects on total yields, also have an effect on size grades of the potato crop. Diekins, parrap and Holmes (1962) report that the use of potassium sulfate consistently resulted in higher yields of seedsized tubers than with potassium chloride, although total tuber number was the same. The timing of irrigation may also have an effect on the crop. At Sutton Bonington,

Llewelyn (1962), working with 'Majestie1 under different soil moisture regimes arid using porous-pot tensiometers» found that preventing the soil moisture stress from exceed^ ing a tension of 25 cm mercury at six inches depth increased yield hy 97 percent, compared with no irrigation in the dry season of 1959 and by 31 percent in the wet season of I960. There was no advantage in maintaining the soil moisture tension below 7 cm rather than below 25 cm mercury. ;

Many researchers have reported that tuber initiation is hastened in short days although the response varies.with species and variety. In long days, the plants not only exhibit delayed tuber initiation but have much greater stem growth.

Epstein (1966) fOund that when potato plants were, grown at a 48°F, 60°F, and 72°F soil temperature, the tubers at 48°F were most numerous but mostly smaller than one inch in diameter. Tuber specific gravity was highest at 60°F. He concluded that tuber size arid specific gravity could be controlled by regulating the soil temperature.

The Signif icance of Seed Size arid SpacingTaha (1961) in his study to demonstrate the effect

of large seed (80 g) and small seed (30 g) with three' . ' - . - . ' . different spacings, 12, 18, and 24 inches, and two different

potato cultivars, 'King Edward' and 'Majestic', stated thatstems of small-seed plants attain a greatet final weight

and produce more large tubers than do stems of:large-seed

Rieman (1.955): has shown that spacing seed pieces 12 inches apart on 'Russet Burbank' tended to produce larger tubers and higher total yield compared to 18, 24, and 30 inch spacings.

- Wider spacing tends to increase the number of stems stolons, and tubers according to Sevens son (1972) . Se attained greater yields per stem in the 55 cm spacing compared to 15 cm and 30 cm spacing.

Reestman and deWit (1959) reported that large seed tubers have a greater number of sprouts than small seed and a correspondingly greater stem number, and they stated that a large number of stems per plant may affect yield.

Ohms (1964) in his;:.study on the effect of differ- ent spacing with 'Norgold' in Western Idaho, found that a six inch spacing produced significantly more potatoes than the 9 or 12 inch spacing, in South Central Idaho a 9 inch spacing produced the highest: yield.of U.S. Wo. 1 potatoes. In eastern Idaho, there was no significant difference between 6 and 9 inch, however with 12 inches significantly fewer U.S. No. 1 tubers were produced. He Concluded that optimum spacing for the 'Norgold' seemed to vary With location.

Effects of Harvest Date Chase (1974), on his work on the Influence of

different harvest dates on subsequent growth of '*-Oneway* and 'Sehago * potatoes when used as seed, reported thatearly and intermediate harvests produced higher yields than

■ ' -late harvests. He reported that seed potatoes from late harvests are usually more likely to be exposed to virus leaf roll and late blight. Hew et al. (1976) reported that the time of harvest is dependent upon the marketing demand, price, variety, and the final use. Early cultivars are harvested before optimum maturity because of the market demand, price and contracts.

. Werner (1937) in Nebaska, found:that different stands of potatoes resulted from seed harvested at different degrees of maturity. However, the variation in seed maturity was due to planting at different dates rather than to harvesting at different dates.

Physiological Factors Affecting Tuber Set Langille (1969) reported that "little tuber" is a

physiological disorder of potatoes in which the seed tuber produces small tubers without aerial shoot development.He conducted a trial in which various treatments of growth regulators were used, but buds on the daughter tubers produced secondary rhizomes. . Van Schreven (1956) showed that the condition of little potato is correlated with

conditions which hindered root and sprout, growth after planting.

Early, Bushnell (1942) stated that when plants are grown at constant temperature of 29°C, no tubers are formed. He suggested that this response was due to the respiratory rate increasing to a relatively much higher level than the photosynthetic rate, the delay in initiation being due to the lack of assimilates.

Okazawa (1959), in his study on the influence of gibberellins on tuberization, stated that natural gibberellins play an important physiological part in controlling the formation of tubers. He concluded that conditions favorable for tuberization of plants (short days. or low temperatures) or of sprouts (senile mother tubers), the.gibberellin content is lower than in the inverse condition.

Madec and Perennec (1959) indicated that the more developed or physiologically, older the mother tuber is at the time of planting,the earlier will tubers form on the daughter plant. They suggested that tuberization is induced by the. mother plant as well as by the leaves. In extremie cases tuberization may occur before emergence of the foliage, in which case the tuber alone is responsible.They concluded that the role played by the mother tuber is dependent on environmental factors.

10Werner (1934) bases an explanation of his results

with tuberlzation on carbohydrate-nitrogen relationships. Factors resulting in a shift of the ratio toward a surplus of carbohydrates as a short,day length, low temperatures, or low nitrogen supply favored tuber formation.

Beatty (1946) reported that a high rate of respiration is associated with tuber; malformation. He found that different portions of the tuber which demonstrate high respiration activity would be responsible for various malformations since rate of oxygen consumption is directly correlated to cell division.

Robins and Domingo (1956) reported that drought effects potato yield and Sparks. (1958) indicated that cause of uneven growth was related to environmental factors, but he did not explain the cause for the malformations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Tiie studies reported in this thesis were conducted with two potato eultivars, 'Norgold Russet' and 'Kennehee', The plants were grown on the University of Arizona Campbell Avenue Farm, Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson, ... Arizona, during the period from March through July 1976.

■Plant Material Seed stocks were obtained from The University of

Nebraska, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, and held in the laboratory in Tucson at 22.2°C for several days before storage treatments were conducted.

On February 12, 1976, the first of two comparable experiments was initiated. Uniform potato tubers were cut into four seed pieces of approximately 2 oz each. Potato seed pieces were dipped for five minutes into benomyl fungi cide at a concentration of 25 g/1 of water for control of FUsarium, then drained and dried. The treated seed pieces were stored in refrigerators at three temperatures, 1.1QC, 8.9°C and 14.4®C, and those remaining were held at room temperature, approximately 22.2°C, for 36 days. The first planting date was on March 19, 1976.

, . 12 The second experiment was started March 15, 1976,

when potato tubers were cut and treated in the same mannerand kept in refrigerators until planting on April 2, 1976,

For early and late planting periods,. seed pieces were planted in the same field and directly adjoining in randomized complete blocks with three replicates.

land ^reparation and PlantingThe soil was plowed, disked, leveled, pre~irrigated

and furrowed out. Beds were 40 inches on center and 400 feet long. Beds were opened in the center with a lister to a depth of ten inches for fertilizer application and hand planting.

Fertilizer was applied with a Planet Junior seeder into each side of the opened beds at the rate of 1000 lbs/acre of 18-46-0 analysis.

Planting was done by hand. Each treatment had 40 seed pieces. Seed pieces ware spaced eight inches apart in the row with 40 inches between rows, with three feet between plots and a buffer on the end of each row. Seed pieces were then covered and hilled by hand and beds shaped with Lilleston cultivator to assure uniformity. Final depth of seed pieces was approximately five inches.

' . . 13. Irrigation and Cultivation

. The first irrigation after planting was applied after most of the plants from the first planting had emerged. Subsequent irrigations were planned for application when tensiometer readings reached 3:0 to 35 centibars • Six irrigations were applied from first irrigation until harvest.The area was also flooded by heavy rainfall at the end of the season delaying the final sampling by seven days.

Soil was cultivated to control weeds and to hill up beds. ' • •. .

four samplings were done by hand. Harvests were on June 8, June 15, June 27 and July 18.

For each sample three adjacent plants were chosen starting from the beginning of each row and skipping two plants before starting the next sample. The plants were dug with a shovel and then removed by hand, fresh and dry weight of tops, shoots, stolon.number and stolon length were recorded.. Tubers were graded according to the following U„S.1D.A. sizes: U.S. Jumbo ( >3") , Grade A (1-7/8" to 3") and Grade B (1" to 7/8").

Data was subjected to an analysis of variance using split plot analysis to.determine the effect and interrelations of storage temperatures, planting and harvesting dates on growth and yield of potatoes.

RESULTS AND DISGUSSION

During the course of this Study two culturally related situations appeared to have substantial and perhaps treatment overriding effects on growth and yield. First, since the plots were hand planted and covered, some beds ended up with lower crowns than others. Furrow irrigation in the presumed dead level field was higher on the sides of the lower crowned beds to the extent that some beds were covered with water during each irrigation. This appeared related to reduced plant growth in the plots most flooded. Reduced availability of fertilizer nitrates and soil aeration could have been influential. In addition, heavy fain between the last two sample dates also resulted in extreme plot flooding. The second factor Involved an erratic infection pattern with a Fusarlum species not further identified by plant pathologists. This disease appeared partially assdeiated with plot flooding and with the second planting showing greater damage than the first planting.The two cultivars showed similar susceptibility to the disease.

The effects of applied treatments are presented in the order of stem count and dry weight, stolen number and

length, and of tyfoer sizes, counts and weights. Appendix A shows the analysis of variance for stem number, stolon number and length and dry weight of tops.

Mimb er o f S t ems vNone of the direct treatments significantly affected

the number of stems emerging from each seed piece; however, there was significance to the interaction between planting date and harvest date. There was also a trend, but not significant, to the cultivar by planting date interaction which showed 'NorgoId' producing more stems than 'Kennebec' in the first planting but no difference in the second. The stem count interaction between planting and harvest dates appears to defy logical explanation.

Svenson in 1962 reported that increased stem count was followed by an increase in stolen number. But he reaper ted that tuber numbers were fewer when stem numbers increased. This was also noted by Rieman, Cooper and Rominsky (1953).. Dickins„ Harrap and Holmes (1962), however, claimed that factors other than stem number are involved in the determination of tuber numbers and size.

Dry Weight of TopsThe significant effects of planting date, harvest

date and their interaction are shown in Figure 1. Obviously the first, planting (March 19) did not get off the ground as

DRY

WEI

GHT

(GR

AM

S)

175

150

100

75 -

A-----A 'Kennebec' 3 /19 /76▲-----A'Kennebec1 4 /2 /7 6O -----O 'Norgold' 3 /1 9 /7 6• ---- • 'Norgold' 4 / 2 / 7 6

50

25

6 /2 7 7/186/156/8SAMPLING DATES

Figure 1. Dry weight of tops as affected by planting and sampling dates--means of three plants.

17dry weight slowly increased throughout the growing season. The second planting (April 2) grew much more rapidly, far exceeding total growth of the first planting. Dry weight of this planting dropped off "between third and fourth samplings suggesting plant maturity with translocation of assimilates to the tubers and a loss of leaves with senescence . Seed storage temperature had no effect on dry weight of tops.

Number of StoionsOne of the stated objectives for this study was to

determine whether number of stolons and stolon length of 'Kennebec1 and 'NorgoId' could be affected by different levels of storage temperature and the other interacting treatments. Different levels of storage temperatures did not significantly affect the stolon number (Figure 2). However, the interaction of storage temperatures with planting and sampling dates did affect the stolon number of both oultivars. This may be due to increased high level of moisture content during the second planting date, besides the fact that the days were becoming longer during the growing season. Subsequently, Chapman (1958) showed that for a group of potato varieties, both more and longer stolons are produced under long days. Storage temperature effects varied differently for each cultivar, as shown in Figure 2. These variations of storage temperature to the number of

NUMB

ER

OF

STO

LON

S

18

•A 'Kennebec' 3 /1 9 /7 6 A'Kennebec1 4 / 2 /7 6 O'Norgold' 3 /1 9 /7 6 # 'Norgold1 4 / 2 / 7 6

201816

14

12 X 710

864

20 1 . 1 8.9 14.4 22.2

°C SEED STORAGE

Figure 2. Stolon numbers of 'Kennebec1 and 'Norgold' cv.as affected by seed storage temperature and planting dater-mean of three plant totals.

19stolons formed on each, cultivar may be due to the interacted factors other than to the temperature orientation.'Kennebec * cv. produced more stolons in the second planting than the first while in 'Norgold1 cv. the pattern was more variable and suggested the reverse.

Stoloh he^gth -Stolon length was affected significantly by the date

of plantihg when the second planting date gave longer stolons than the first one. the interaction of temperature, culti- vars, and date of planting (Figure 3) were significant, giving longer stolons at all levels of temperature on the second planting date, although the level of storage temperature and duration of stolon elongation is a function of variety. Davis: (1941) reported that day and night temperatures interacted to promote most stolon growth when both were high, and less when the night temperature was low . regardless, of the day temperature level.

Because of heavy rainfall which occurred just before the final harvest.,, yields were low.

High storage.temperatures significantly increased yield in 'Kennebec1 and 'Norgold' (Table 1). Davidson (1958) found that earlier tuberization and maturity from seed pieces stored at warm temperatures.

STOL

ON

LENG

TH

(CM

)

20

3.0

2.8 2.62.4

2.22.0 1.8 1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

A ------- A 1 Kennebec1 3 /1 9 /7 6A---A 'Kennebec' 4 / 2 / 7 6O ------- O 'Norgold' 3 /1 9 /7 6

# 'Norgold* 4 / 2 / 7 6

8.9 14.4°C SEED STORAGE

22.2

Figure 3. Stolon length of 'Kennebec' and 'Norgold' cv.as affected by seed storage temperature and planting date.

Table 1. Tuber number and weight by eultivar, planting date and seed storage temperature.*

Storage gra4e J , ' Grade h Grade. B .Cultivar and Temperature Number FreiE-" Number Fresh Number FreshPlanting ( G) Weight Weight Weight(8) (8) (8)'Kennebec' First Planting 1.1 ’ 0 3 125 0 08.9 0 0 10 320 0 014.4 0 0 3 100 0 022.2 2 200 4 175 9 250Second Planting 1.1 0 0 5 355 9 3508.9 3 270 8 455 0 0

14.4 1 125 10 770 8 27022.2 2 200 7 385 12 260'Norgold*First Planting 1.1 2 135 7 385 5 85

8.9 0 0 8 385 3 7014.4 0 0 4 225 5 10022.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 .Second Planting 1.1 0 0 8 525 9 2958.9 0 0 5 295 9 200

14.4 4 445 8; 575 2 12522.2 2 275 2 200 4 125

* Data is based on three hill samples,

Grade JumboGrade J was seriously restricted at the low tempera

ture of 340F within both cultivars (Table 1). However, on the seeond pleriting date with different levels of storage temperatures, there Were more Grade J, tubers in ’Kennebec * , than in 'Norgold' cv.

Grade A ,In the interaction of storage temperatures and

planting dates, there were significantly more and heavier Grade A tubers for 'Kennebec'and 'Norgold' cv. with high temperatures and the second planting.

Grade B ^Compared with the mean tuber yield Grade B with

storage temperatures. Table 1 indicates that the second planting for ’Kennebec1 cv. was more beneficial at all levels of temperatures--!.1°G, 14.4°G, and 22.2QG . 'Nor-gold' cv. increased significant yield in both planting dates at 1.10C, 14.4°e; and 22.2%.

SOMHARY

Potato emitivars 'KenmetieG1 a M 1 HorgoM11 were . grown in Tucson, Arizona, in the spring of 1976 to evaluate interactions of preplanting seed storage temperature, planting and harvest dates on excess tuber set.

The design used was a split plot with cultivars and Seed storage temperatures completely randomized within each planting date. Treatments were replicated three times.

Interaction of Storage temperatures, planting and sampling dates affected the stolon number of both cultivars. Second planting date resulted in decreasing the number of stolons of 'horgold'.

The second planting date gave longer stolons with both cultivars.

Dry weight of tops was affected significantly by the interaction of planting and sampling dates with both cultivars.

Highest storage temperatures with the second plants ing date increased both number and weight of all grades of tubers of both cultivate.

Excess tuber set was not experienced.

23

APPENDIX A

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLE*

Source DF S'S F

Steffl Number:T 3 0.1858V 1 0.1406D 1 0.08507R 2 0.1701H 2 3.191TV 3 0.1997TD 3 0.3108VD 1 1.266TR 6 2. 372VR 2 0.3229DR 2 0.1701TH 6 2.101VH 2 0.9688DH 2 7.941RH 4 1.8403, 4 and 5 way’ interactions • 103 61. 608_Total: 143 " 82.873Error A 32 17.61133Error B 63 31.556

25

Source DP SS F

Stolon Number:T. 3 117.5V 1 29.79D 1 181.1 10.4**R 2 21,46H 2 210.5 7.8**TV 3 3.047TD 3 107.9VD 1 123.8 7.2**TR 6 59.33VR 2 25.46DR 2 14.75TH 6 150.9VE 2 42.02DH 2 197.2 7.4**RH 4 73.53TVD 3 149.4 ....3.-7**3, 4 and 5 way interactions ' 100 . 1507.68Total: 143 3040.873Error A 32 555.83Error B 63 852.00

Stolon Leugth: i 3 9.762V : 1 1.238D 1 9.277 5,4**R 2 14.24H 2 0.6109TV 3 2.439TD , 3 5.401'VD 1 1.275TR 6 14.55VR 2 3.179DR 2 1.762TH 6 3.773VH 2 15.27

Source DP SS

Sto 1 on Length-r-continuedDHKH3, 4 and 5 way interactions

Error A Error B

24

1433263

1.1768.106

92.022

55.48264.024

• 4.4* *

T 3 1.349V 1 0.2552D 1 10.07 22.3**R 2 4.724H 3 26.12 51.0**TV 3 • 1.298TD 3 0.7384VD 1 0.8560TR 6 2.488VR 2 0.4266DR 2 0.8317TH 9 2.696VH 3 0,5050DH 3 4.990 9.8**RH 6 2 .1823, 4 and 5 way interactions 48 . 59.53Total: 191 64.31Error A 32 144293.00Error B 93 162617.33

* All values x. 10^. Source identification: T = temperature»V = cultivar, D - date of planting, R = replicates, H =

LITERATURE CITED

Arizona Agricultural Statistics. 1976. Arizona Crop and Livestock Reporting Service Bull. S-1X.

Beatty, A. V. 1946. Respiration and Cell Division in Plants. 1. Oxygen Consuinption and Cell Division in the Leaves of Ligustrum lucidum and Hedra helix.Amet. J. Bot. 33:145-148.

Bushnell, J. 1942. Effect of Number of Plants pen Hillon the Yield bf Potatoes in Ohio. Amer. Potato J.19:119-123,

Chapman, H. W. 1958. Tuberization in the Potato Plant.' Physiol. Plant. 1 1 :215-223.

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