• Should Las Vegas be able to take more water than they were allotted from a contract. If you were one of the Senators from Nevada, would you go to Congress asking for the contract to be lifted? Discuss at your tables

Potential Essay Question

1. Carrying Capacity 2. Eutrophication3. Clean Water Act of

19724. Ecosystem5. Barometric

Pressure6. Coniferous 7. Exothermic 8. Deciduous 9. Beijing

Conference10. Primordial soup11. Cairo Conference12. ANWR13. “Blood

Diamonds”14. Estuary15. Intertidal zone

16. Reproductive isolation

17. Upwellings18. El Niňo 19. Heavy Water20. La Niňa21. Concept of Island

biogeography22. Carbon Neutral 23. Malaria24. Hydrophobic25. Urban sprawl26. Biosphere

Reserves27. Even aged

management28. Clear cutting &

Strip cutting29. Surface fire and a

crown fire

30. The Lorax31. Pandemic32. Dissolved Oxygen

(DO)33. Negative feedback

loop34. Positive feedback

loop35. Food Web36. Eukaryotic37. Tragedy of the

Commons38. Sustainable 39. Hydrochlorofluor

ocarbons,40. Brownfield41. Heterotrophs42. Chitin 43. Autotrophs

44. Ecology 45. 2nd Law of

Thermodynamic s46. Land Trusts47. Deforestation48. Ecological Foot

print49. 1st Law of

Thermodynamics50. Abiotic Factor

Vocab

What are these pictures of? Explain how and why did this happened?

• How much water is considered fresh water?

New Material

• What is the negative impact of building a dam for hydroelectric power?

• Prevents water from carrying nutrients down stream. Also, re-directs water at the cost of the ecosystem

• Why was Hurricane Katrina so devastating? • Below water already, once Levees were breached the

water went to the path of least resistance. Difficult to get rid of the water.

• Explain the term “flood plain.”• “A nearly flat plain along the course of a stream or river

that is naturally subject to flooding.”

New Material

• Floodplain – New Material

New material• Wetlands three types:• 1. Freshwater bogs

New material• Freshwater bogs formation

New material• Wetlands three types:• 2. Freshwater marsh

New Material• Wetlands three types:• 3. Freshwater swamp

• Explain the purpose of wetlands?• Limnetic Zone – sunlight penetrates, great deal of life

and photosynthesis • Profundal zone – Darker (but not pitch black) where

sunlight cannot get through. Little plant life here, plants would have to reach up through to the Limnetic Zone to survive

• Benthic zone – bottom of the pond / lake. Feels silty from decomposing leaves, sticks,… high nutrient, but low O2

New Material

Zone of the pond / lake

• Discuss and define the following with the use of your notes as a table:

• Water table• Artesian Well• Unconfined Aquifer• Ogallala Aquifer (where is it located?)• Impact of available water due to Global Climate

Change

New material

• Consumptive versus non-consumptive use • Diagram on page 409 – explain what is happening by

only

New material

• Oligotrophic lakes and ponds = have low nutrient and high oxygen conditions

• Eutrophic lakes and ponds = have high nutrient and low oxygen conditions

• Eventually, water bodies fill completely in through the process of succession

• The largest lakes are known as inland seas–Great Lakes, The Caspian Sea

Lakes vary in their nutrients and oxygen

• Groundwater = water beneath the surface held in pores in soil or rock– 20% of the Earth’s freshwater supply

• Aquifers = porous, sponge-like formations of rock, sand, or gravel that hold water – Zone of aeration = pore spaces are partly filled with

water. Zone of saturation = spaces are filled with water

– Water table = boundary between the two zones• Recharge zone = any area where water infiltrates

Earth’s surface and reaches aquifers

Water reserves

• AquifersWater reserves

• Confined (artesian) aquifer = water-bearing, porous rocks are trapped between less permeable substrate (clay) layers – Is under great pressure

• Unconfined aquifer = no upper layer to confine it. Readily recharged by surface water

• The Ogallala Aquifer - The world’s largest known aquifer. Underlies the Great Plains of the U.S.

Aquifer

• Water is not equally distributed around the world. Look at deserts and then Minnesota.

• Why Minnesota?• Has over 10,000 lakes. Hence why their basketball

team was the Lakers. They started there and were bought and transferred to LA.

Water around the world

• 1. What is the story of the Cod Fisheries in Massachusetts?

• 2. Ocean Water is vertically Structured • Water is less dense at the top than at the bottom. Cold water is heavier and

saltier than warm water. So even though the bottom is extremely cold, it will not freeze.

• 3. Surface water.., Vertical movement of water & Currents affects climate• Surface water absorbs heat, helping to regulate the air temperature. Currents

follow warm and cold patterns. For example: Why does England rare receive snow?

• 4. El Niño & La Niña (damn well better know this!)

Bringing it close to home

• 5. Coral Reefs are treasure troves

• 6. Climate change and coral reefs

• 7. Salt marshes line shorelines – what is their purpose• 8. Mangroves forest line… Why so unique?

• 9. Marine Pollution (include red tide & algae blooms)• Mercury, oil spills, plastic.• Run off from fertilizers can accelerate Algae blooms (aka Red Tide because of

the color that the algae give off.

Bringing it close to home

Fishing• 10. Emptying the Oceans (overfishing,

fishing practices)

• Factory fishing = huge vessels use powerful technologies to capture fish in huge volumes – Even processing and freezing

their catches at sea• Driftnets for schools of herring,

sardines, mackerel, sharks, shrimp

• Longline fishing for tuna and swordfish

• Trawling for pelagic fish and groundfish

• What is the significance of the coral reefs bleaching out?

New Material

• What role do salt marshes serve?• How and why are salt marshes and

mangroves threatened? • Pollution – back in the 1980’s there was a

rash of medical waste wash ups.

Review & New Material

• Over fishing, causes? • 3 types of nets?• 1. Drift nets• 2. Longline• 3. Bottom – trawling (aka trawling)• Improved nets – Remember the term

ecolableing• To prevent “by the catch” (incidental fishing)

the EPA required fishing trawlers to design and use turtle & dolphin safe nets.

Review

• Marine Protected and Marine Reserves• Protected means they allow fishing, where

as Reserves do not. • If you make a living off of fishing or

tourism, how would you react?• Review “Do Reserves work on pg. 454-455.

What is the actual thought process behind setting up reserves? Are they better for the fishing industry? Discuss at your table

New Material

• The idea is to have this safe haven and as the that area is filled with marine life they will be forced out “spilling over”.

• A “spillover effect” occurs when individuals of protected species spread outside reserves– Larvae of species protected within reserves “seed the

seas” outside reserves• Once commercial trawling was stopped on

Georges Bank. Populations of organisms began to recover and Fishing in adjacent waters increased

Bringing it home

• According to the text book: • 20–50% of the ocean should be protected in no-take

reserves – How large? How many? Where?

• Should fishing men (and women) be Involved in the development?

• Yes, because they have to live or leave with the law and they have first hand knowledge much like sustainable forestry. No one wants the industry to die out.

Bringing it home