potential for just one application per year to prevent...
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Advanced micro-encapsulated insecticide for high performance indoor residual spraying
Important: Always read and follow label instructions before buying or using these products. Syngenta and its affiliates warrant that their products conform to the chemical description set forth on the products’ labels. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SHALL APPLY TO SYNGENTA PRODUCTS. Syngenta and its affiliates neither assume nor authorize any representative or other person to assume for them any obligation or liability other than such as is expressly set forth herein. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL SYNGENTA AND ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THEIR PRODUCTS. No statements or recommendations contained herein are to be construed as inducements to infringe any relevant patent now or hereafter in existence. ©2005 Syngenta. Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
READ THE LABEL BEFORE YOU BUY: USE PESTICIDES SAFELY.ICON® 10CS contains lambda-cyhalothrinICON® is a registered trademark of Syngenta Group Company © Syngenta 2007Syngenta, Professional Products, Schwarzwaldallee 215, P.O. Box CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandTel: +41 61 323 1111, Fax: +41 61 323 5608Email: [email protected]: www.syngentavectorcontrol.com
Potential for just one application per year to prevent malaria
Extended residual control of malaria mosquitoes at low rates
Proven efficacy on a wide range of surfaces
Cost-effective and safe to use
Patented design unit dose sachets for easy handling
Broad spectrum control of insects detrimental to public health and wellbeing
The control of malaria in Africa and in many countries
of Asia and Latin America remains an urgent priority
with 40% of the world’s population at risk of infection.
Vector control is a key component of the Roll Back
Malaria Global Strategic Plan (2005–2015) and of
many other malaria control programs throughout
the world. Vector control through indoor residual
house spraying has been a highly effective strategy
for reducing malaria transmission.
World distribution of malaria (Source WHO 2004)
Since the 1980s, Syngenta has provided ICON® 10WP
for the control of malaria vectors through indoor
residual spraying (IRS). This product set new standards
for convenience and efficacy with worldwide
adoption by malaria control programs across Africa,
Latin America and Asia Pacific.
Syngenta is committed to improving the technology
available for vector and malaria control and to this
end introduces the world’s first capsule suspension
(CS) formulation recommended by WHOPES for
indoor residual spraying.
This new product, ICON® 10CS, brings to the market
a professional formulation which builds upon the
established reputation of ICON 10WP. ICON 10CS
provides extended residual performance, an enhanced
safety profile and flexible packaging options to suit
the requirements of modern IRS programs.
ICON 10CS is a technically advanced capsule suspen-
sion (CS) formulation based on the second-generation
pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin. Lambda-cyhalothrin
is active against a very broad range of insects including
mosquitoes and other pests of public health impor-
tance at exceptionally low rates.
In ICON 10CS, the lambda-cyhalothrin is encapsulated
in polymer microcapsules, which remain intact
on the surface after spraying. The active ingredient
remains protected from the environment within
the microcapsules and this protection delivers an
extended residual effect, particularly on challenging
porous surfaces like cement and mud. Insects moving
over the treated surface pick up capsules on their
bodies. Once attached to the insect cuticle, the active
ingredient rapidly moves out of the capsule into
the insect providing rapid knockdown and quick kill.
The size and active ingredient release rate of the
capsules has been optimized to maximize insect
pickup and residual efficacy respectively.
Typically just one capsule is required to kill a
mosquito.
At a typical application rate of 25mg ai/m2,
each square meter will be coated with more than
2.7 million capsules.
These characteristics make the product ideally suited
for indoor residual spraying.
ICON 10CS has been successfully evaluated by the
WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for
indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention and
control. The product is manufactured in accordance
with the WHO specification 463/CS (2007).
Syngenta andIndoor Residual Spraying What is ICON 10CS?
BENEFITS FOR MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAMS
Areas where malaria transmission occurs
Areas with limited risk
No malaria
MAIN BENEFITS OF ICON 10CS FOR HOUSEHOLDERS
ICON 10CS capsule on mosquito tarsaeICON capsules
2 I 3
ICON 10CS has been successfully
evaluated by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation
Scheme (WHOPES) for indoor residual
spraying for malaria prevention and
control
Provides extended residual control
compared to conventional formulations -
greater than 9 months‘ control of
mosquitoes on typical residential surfaces
Cost-effective and proven efficacy against
malaria vectors and a wide range of other
public health pests
Readily accepted by householders ensuring
high levels of coverage during spray
programs
Low doses provide rapid mosquito knock-
down and kill
Excellent safety profile
OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF ICON 10CS
Available as a unit dose (‘pump charge‘)
to facilitate accurate dosing
Liquid formulation - easy to pour, mix
and rinse
Minimal odor
Non-staining
Low bulk for easy transport and storage
Low nozzle wear compared to traditional
wettable powder formulations
Broad spectrum mosquito control
Controls other public health and nuisance
pests that infest housing including
cockroaches, flies, fleas, ticks, spiders,
scorpions and ants
Non-staining of household surfaces
Minimal odor after application
Active ingredient: lambda-cyhalothrin
synthetic pyrethroid insecticide of the highest
potency
effective at exceptionally low application rates
registered world-wide
manufactured according to WHO specification
463/TC (2007)
Formulation: ICON 10CS
contains 100 grams of lambda-cyhalothrin per liter
advanced capsule suspension formulation
designed for extended residual insect control
on a wide range of surfaces
excellent kill and extended residual action at
a low application rates
extremely low odor and no staining ensures user
and householder acceptance
proven efficacy on a wide range of surfaces
Packs: flexible options to suit customer needs:
Unit dose sachets and 1 liter bottles
unit dose sachets designed for accuracy and
convenience of use with minimal risk of operator
exposure
no measuring required – clean and easy to use
unique sachet design (patent pending)
easy storage, stock keeping and transport
pack tested to UN standards
excellent storage stability – minimum of 2 years
under normal storage conditions
1 liter bottles are available for programs requiring
bulk supply which can be supplemented with
measuring devices upon request
Method of use (unit dose)
Always follow the instructions on the label.
The product should be applied by an appropriately
trained operator.
partly fill the tank with clean water, tear open
the unit dose sachet using the guides provided
and pour in the ICON 10CS
if necessary, rinse out the sachet
fill tank with remaining water, close, pressurize
and mix
apply diluted product using an appropriate nozzle
type at labeled rate
Agitate tank regularly during application
Application rates and use
Dilute the formulation with water. Do not use this
product with oil.
WHO recommended rate 20–30mg/m2
LABORATORY STUDIES
Residual efficacy of ICON 10CS against Anopheles arabiensis
Studies were undertaken at the Durban laboratories of the Malaria
Research Programme, part of the Medical Research Council of South
Africa. ICON 10CS was applied to wood, reed and PVA painted targets
using a Potter tower. Blood-fed female Anopheles arabiensis were
exposed to the treated targets for one hour and assessed for mortality
24 hours later. Results are presented in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Mortality of Anopheles arabiensis exposed to various surfaces
40 weeks after treatment with ICON 10CS.
At all application rates and on all surfaces tested, ICON 10CS gave
extremely high levels of control for at least 40 weeks after application.
More recent laboratory studies at undertaken by Maharaj et al (2005)
also demonstrated the excellent residual control provided by ICON 10CS.
ICON 10CS was applied to a range of typical structural surfaces with a
Potter tower at a rate of 25mg/m². Bio-assays were carried out every
2 weeks on each of the blocks using 30 Anopheles arabiensis per assay,
as per WHO (1963) methodology. The results are presented in Figure 1
below.
Technical data PerformanceReferences
Curtis, C F; Maxwell, C A; Finch, R J
and Njunwa, K J (1998) A comparison
of use of a pyrethroid either for house
spraying or for bed net treatment
against malaria vectors. Tropical Medicine
and International Health 3 (8) p619-631.
Matola, Y G and Ijumba, J N (1994)
Epidemiology evaluation of the impact
of lambda-cyhalothrin microencapsulated
formulation (10CS) for malaria control
by residual house spraying in rural
northeastern Tanzania. Proceedings 11th
Annual Joint Scientific Conference with
a seminar on Malaria Control Research.
1993 Arusha Tanzania. National Institute
for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam.
Maharaj, R; Gayaram, R and Sharp B
(2005) Laboratory evaluation of the
residual activity of ICON 10CS applied
on various surfaces for the control
of malaria vectors. Syngenta Internal
Report.
% M
ort
alit
y
Maharaj et al, 2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Reed Mud Cement PVA
Figure 1. % Mortality of An. arabiensis after exposure to surfaces treated with ICON 10CS.
Rate Reed Wood PVA painted (mg ai /m2) wood
20 100% >80% >90%
ICON 10 CS 25 100% 95–100% 95–100%
30 100% 95–100% 95–100%
4 I 5
ICON 10CS microcapsules on concrete.
Sprayer tank size Application rate Volume ICON® 10CS Volume of diluted (liters) of lambda-cyhalothrin to be added product to be applied (mg ai/m2) to sprayer tank (ml)
8 30
10 25 One unit dose (62.5ml) 40ml/m2
12 20
15 20–30 75–112.5
ICON 10CS has an excellent toxicological and environmental safety
profile. The encapsulated nature of the formulation further improves
the safety profile of the product. ICON 10CS is in a low WHO hazard
category – class 3 – ´unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use´.
The information presented demonstrates that ICON 10CS presents no
significant risk to human, other non-target organisms or to the environ-
ment when used as directed.
Mammalian Toxicity
The active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin is not a carcinogen or teratogen
when tested in laboratory animals.
After world-wide testing, lambda-cyhalothrin formulations are now
registered and used in over 100 countries. They are approved by the Health
and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom and the Environmental
Protection Agency in the USA for the control of insect pests.
Fate in Soil
Lambda-cyhalothrin is readily degraded in most soils and the products of
degradation are ultimately converted to carbon dioxide and other benign
metabolites. It does not leach through the soil. It is almost insoluble in
water. Therefore, it is unlikely to produce hazard in normal use.
Fate in Water
Although lambda-cyhalothrin can be shown to be toxic to fish and some
aquatic invertebrate organisms under laboratory conditions, it presents
little hazard to aquatic life under field conditions due to the intended
manner of use (not expected to result in exposure to water) and very
low application rates.
Applicator Exposure
When label recommendations are followed and appropriate personal
protective equipment worn, there is negligible risk to the applicator.
WHO Specification
Lambda-cyhalothrin and its formulations have successfully completed
the joint FAO/WHO specification scheme under new procedure:
Lambda-cyhalothrin technical ai: WHO Specification 463/TC (2007)
Lambda-cyhalothrin CS: WHO Specification 463/CS (2007)
Performance Product safety
Common name Lambda-cyhalothrin (ISO)
Chemical name a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl
(IUPAC) 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-
prop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcy-
clopropane
carboxylate, a 1:1 mixture of
the (Z)-(1R,3R), S-ester and
the (Z)-(1S,3S), R-ester
Chemical 91465-08-6
Abstracts Service
registry number
Chemical class Pyrethroid
Molecular C23H19CIF3NO3
formula
Chemical
structure
Molecular 449.9
weight
Appearance White solid
Melting point 49.2°C
Solubility (water) 0.005mg/l
Vapor 2.0 x 10-10 kPa at 20°C
pressure
Acute Oral Median LethalDose, Rat (mg/kg) >5000 Very low toxicity
Acute Dermal Median LethalDose, Rat (mg/kg) >4000 Very low toxicity
Eye Irritation Mild No concern
Skin Irritation Moderate No concern
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Treated Untreated
Application Bars represent monthly countsOct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Tota
l mo
squ
ito
es c
aug
ht
(var
iou
s m
eth
od
s)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
% A
n. g
amb
iae
po
siti
ve f
or
spo
rozo
ites
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
Bars representmonthly counts
Oct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Application
UntreatedTreated
% M
ort
alit
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9
Control Mud Thatch
Curtis et al , 1998
Months after treatment
Curtis et al , 1998
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
April/May1995
Feb/Mar1996
Apr/May1996
July/Aug1996
Nov/Dec1996
Control
Pre-intervention
ICON CS
Inci
den
ce o
f m
alar
ia in
fect
ion
per
ch
ild/w
eek
Figure 2. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Muheza region, Tanzania.
Figure 3. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 4. Percent mortality of Anopheles gambiae and An.funestus after a indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in huts in the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 5. Incidence of malaria infection after an indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in hutsin the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Treated Untreated
Application Bars represent monthly countsOct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Tota
l mo
squ
ito
es c
aug
ht
(var
iou
s m
eth
od
s)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
% A
n. g
amb
iae
po
siti
ve f
or
spo
rozo
ites
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
Bars representmonthly counts
Oct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Application
UntreatedTreated
% M
ort
alit
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9
Control Mud Thatch
Curtis et al , 1998
Months after treatment
Curtis et al , 1998
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
April/May1995
Feb/Mar1996
Apr/May1996
July/Aug1996
Nov/Dec1996
Control
Pre-intervention
ICON CS
Inci
den
ce o
f m
alar
ia in
fect
ion
per
ch
ild/w
eek
Figure 2. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Muheza region, Tanzania.
Figure 3. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 4. Percent mortality of Anopheles gambiae and An.funestus after a indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in huts in the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 5. Incidence of malaria infection after an indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in hutsin the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Treated Untreated
Application Bars represent monthly countsOct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Tota
l mo
squ
ito
es c
aug
ht
(var
iou
s m
eth
od
s)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
% A
n. g
amb
iae
po
siti
ve f
or
spo
rozo
ites
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
Bars representmonthly counts
Oct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Application
UntreatedTreated
% M
ort
alit
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9
Control Mud Thatch
Curtis et al , 1998
Months after treatment
Curtis et al , 1998
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
April/May1995
Feb/Mar1996
Apr/May1996
July/Aug1996
Nov/Dec1996
Control
Pre-intervention
ICON CS
Inci
den
ce o
f m
alar
ia in
fect
ion
per
ch
ild/w
eek
Figure 2. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Muheza region, Tanzania.
Figure 3. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 4. Percent mortality of Anopheles gambiae and An.funestus after a indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in huts in the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 5. Incidence of malaria infection after an indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in hutsin the Tanga region, Tanzania.
6 I 7
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Treated Untreated
Application Bars represent monthly countsOct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Tota
l mo
squ
ito
es c
aug
ht
(var
iou
s m
eth
od
s)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
% A
n. g
amb
iae
po
siti
ve f
or
spo
rozo
ites
Matola & Ijumba, 1994
Bars representmonthly counts
Oct‘90 to Sept ‘91
Application
UntreatedTreated
% M
ort
alit
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9
Control Mud Thatch
Curtis et al , 1998
Months after treatment
Curtis et al , 1998
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
April/May1995
Feb/Mar1996
Apr/May1996
July/Aug1996
Nov/Dec1996
Control
Pre-intervention
ICON CS
Inci
den
ce o
f m
alar
ia in
fect
ion
per
ch
ild/w
eek
Figure 2. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Muheza region, Tanzania.
Figure 3. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 4. Percent mortality of Anopheles gambiae and An.funestus after a indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in huts in the Tanga region, Tanzania.
Figure 5. Incidence of malaria infection after an indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in hutsin the Tanga region, Tanzania.
FIELD STUDIES
Tanzania (1)
Matola & Ijumba (1994) treated exterior and interior
surfaces of mud huts with ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2
using compression sprayers in a village scale trial
conducted in Tanzania in 1990. Mosquito counts were
made using man-landing catches, pyrethrum-spray
catches, exit trap collections and outdoor-resting
catches. These insects were identified and dissected
for sporozoite counts.
The results of these trials are summarized in Figures
2 and 3. Wall bioassays indicated over 70% control
of Anopheles gambiae for over 9 months and a
significant reduction in the numbers of mosquitoes
collected. After spraying, sporozoite counts in
collected mosquitoes declined to zero, and malaria
acquisition rates dropped markedly amongst
children from treated villages.
Tanzania (2)
The effect of IRS treatments of ICON 10CS on malaria
vectors and incidence were studied by Curtis et al
(1998). ICON 10CS was sprayed onto hut walls and roofs
at 30mg ai/m2 using Hudson X-pert sprayers. Other
villages received no intervention or were provided with
ICONET®-treated bednets. Anopheles gambiae were
exposed to treated surfaces for 10 minutes and
assessed for mortality at 24 hours. Mosquito popula-
tions were monitored and sporozoite detection
undertaken. Detailed assessments of the incidence of
malaria were also made. Results are presented in
Figures 4 and 5.
The results indicated that mud and thatch surfaces
treated with ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 gave 80 –100%
and 93–100% control respectively of adult female An.
gambiae for at least 9 months after treatment. This
treatment also gave over 71% reduction in the number
of bites per person per night and over 92% reduction
in sporozoite-positive bites. This resulted in a
significant reduction in incidence of malarial infection.