potential impact of kmt on extraction of geothermal energy › ... ›...
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Potential impact of KMT on extraction of geothermal energy
Sigurdur Markusson
Landsvirkjun - National Power Company of Iceland
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Landsvirkjun100% renewable
The Company generates 73%
of Iceland’s electricity and is
owned by the Icelandic state.
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Sustainable societies driven by volcanos
Harnessing geothermal energy – Possibly the single most influential factor in modernising Iceland
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Geothermal Energy is the Backboneof Icelandic Primary Energy Consumption
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PJ
Hydro power
Geothermal energy
• 90% of space heating• 28% of electricity generation
Oil
Source: Orkustofnun
Coal
85
% ren
ewab
le
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Quality of life in Iceland induced by geothermal energy
Most homes in Iceland are heated with geothermal energy (>90%)
22°C indoor temperature
Outdoor swimming pools, hot tubs, saunas
Production of greens
Indoor football halls
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USD
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ion
s
Developing arctic country
Driven by economic reasons
Saved space heating costsGeothermal Energy vs. Oil
(accumulated)
$1.600 per annum savings per capita
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Direct use of geothermal energy in Iceland
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Swimming pools4%
Snow melting4%Industry
2%
Fish farming5%
Greenhouses2%
Electricity generation40%
Space heating43%
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Diversified utilization of geothermal energy
District heating
Tourism
Food production
Biotech
Cosmetics
CO2 for industry
Replacing gas for industrial processes
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KRAFLA
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Krafla geothermal plant
Krafla 60 MW
Double flash
Construction startedin 1975
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Krafla Fires
Eruption 1975-84
Gas injection due to degassing magma caused complications
Second turbine installed in 1998
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Volcanology and geothermal energy
▪ Where is magma
▪ How to locate magma
▪ Fluid flow near magma
▪ Fluid chemistry
▪ Signals from magma movement/risk
▪ Seismicity
▪ …………….
▪ Where is magma
▪ How to locate magma
▪ Fluid flow near magma
▪ Fluid chemistry
▪ Signals from magma movement/risk
▪ Seismicity
▪ …………….
Geothermal Volcanology
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Understanding near magma environment
Techniques to locate the heat source (magma)
How to drill into the heat source
Heat transfer from magma to the geothermal system
Fluid flow / fluid properties
Technology development
KMT and geothermal science and utilization
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Global potentials
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Big impact on a localscale
Volcanic islands
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Cities near volcanos
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