1. 1. POTENTIAL PLANTS MOLECULE IN CANCER DISEASE Presented by Bondre Rameshwar B. M.Pharm pharmacology (S.R.T.M.U),INDIA 1
2. 2. Introduction Type of cancer Pathophysiology Different herbal plants shows anticancer activity References 2 CONTENT S
3. 3. CANCER:- Cancer is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells which may mass together to form a growth or tumor, or proliferate throughout the body, initiating abnormal growth at other sites. ANTI-CANCER DRUGS:- The Drugs that are used in inhibiting the abnormal cell growth or killing the cancer cells. 3 INTRODUCTION:
4. 4. WORLD WIDE DEATH RATE OF CANCER 4 14.1 million new cancer case. 8.2 million cancer deaths and 32.6 million people living with cancer 57% new cancer cases, 65% cancer deaths . 7 lakh indians died of cancer last year: who 25% higher in men than in women, mortality: 15% higher in more developed in men, and 8% higher in women.
5. 5. TYPE OF CANCER 5 5
6. 6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : Carcinogenesis 6
7. 7. 7
8. 8. Plant Species Currently Used in Clinical Cancer Treatment 8 1. Campotheca acuminata L. (Nyssaceae; Chinese Happy ,TreeXi Shu, Cancer Tree) Campotheca acuminata is a native tree of Southern China and Tibet. MOA : It contains the quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT), which inhibits topoisomerase I and therefore DNA replication USE : Traditionally used in China to treat different kind of cancers, especially cancers of the stomach and liver, and breast cancer, colon cancers, malignant melanoma, small-cell lung cancer and leukemia.
9. 9. 2. Podophyllum peltatum L. (Berberidaceae) 9 B. Source: Podophyllum hexandrum Family: Berberidaceae Part used: dried rhizomes & roots Chemical constituent: Podophyllotoxin Etoposide Teniposide Uses: Used in treatment of small cell carcinoma of lung, prostrate and testicular carcinomas
10. 10. MOA of Podophyllum 10 Acts by inhibiting topoisomerase II These drugs are most active in late S and early G2 phase
11. 11. Vinca rosea Linn. (Periwinkle) 11 B. source: Catharanthus roseus Family: Apocynaceae Part used: Dried whole plant Active ingredients Ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine. alkaloids: vinblastine (VBL), vincristine (VCR) and leurosidine .
12. 12. MODE OF ACTION OF VINCA 12 These drugs block the formation of mitotic spindle by preventing the assembly of tubulin dimers into microtubules. They act primarily on the M phase of cancer cell cycle.
13. 13. USES OF VINCA 13 Traditional uses include soothing and healing of inflammatory ailments of the skin, as well as eye irritations and infections. In modern medicine, the plant extract has been used for the treatment of diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, constipation, and menstrual problems Leukemia, skin cancer, lymphoma, acute leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, brain tumors, Wilms tumors, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma.
14. 14. TAXANE 14 B. source: Taxus brevifolia Family: Taxaceae Part used: Stem bark Uses: Ovarian cancer Lung carcinoma Gastric & Cervical cancers Prostate & colon cancer Chemical constituent: Taxol Paclitaxel Docetaxal
15. 15. MOA of Taxanes 15
16. 16. CURCUMIN SYNONIM: Haladi BIOLOGICAL SOURSE: Curcuma longa. FAMILY : Zingiberaceae CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT: curcumin Demethoxycurcumin bisdemethoxycurcumin USE: anticancer antiinflamatory, Woundhealing so many use. 16
17. 17. Anticancer activity Mediated partly through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase and the apoptotic effect may partly be mediated through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase, Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death by DNA-damage in human cancer cell Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipooxygenase expression, which blocks production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes Suppression of cyclin D1 which is a proto-oncogene overexpressed in many cancers (e.g., breast, esophagus, lung, liver, head and neck, colon, and prostate Suppression of various inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor, angiogenesis, a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of many cancers 9
18. 18. Curcumin also suppresses tumour growth through Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play a major role in tumour promotion. Curcumin inhibit COX-2 production by suppression of NFkB activation. Curcumin also increases NO production in Natural Killer (NR) cells after prolonged treatment, culminating in a stronger tumouricidal effect. curcumin, to suppress the growth of a variety of tumor cells. 10
19. 19. structures Curcumin (Ketoform) Curcumin (Enolform) 1 7
20. 20. 20
21. 21. 21
22. 22. 22
23. 23. Conclusion 23 Over the years, a number of approaches have been developed for clinical use and a number of anticancer drugs have come out of these as a result, good number of anticancer agents have been developed from plants or their derived agents, development of a safe, economic and site-specific anticancer drug is still a challenge. Perhaps, scientists will have to look towards nature for another diverse molecule with a novel mode of action to Treat this dreadful Disease(cancer).
24. 24. References: 24 A. D. Kinghorn, N. R. Farnsworth, D. D. Soejarto, G. A. Cordell, S. M. Swanson, J. M. Pezzuto, M. C. Wani, M. E. Wall, N. H. Oberlies, D. J. Kroll, R. A. Kramer, W. C. Rose, G. D. Vite, C. R. Fairchild, R. W. Peterson, R. Wild, Pharm. Biol. 2003, Ram Prakash Rastogi and Bhola Nath Dhawan, Anticancer and Antiviral Activities in Indian Medicinal Plants: A Review . Drug Dev. Res. 19:l-12, 1990 Vandana Srivastava, Arvind Singh Negi,* J. K. Kumar, Plant-based anticancer molecules: A chemical and biological profile of some important leads. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 13 (2005) Letcia Veras Costa-Lotufo a,, Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khanb,1, Arjumand Ather c,Diego Veras Wilke a, Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine Journal of EthnoSpharmacology 99 (2005) 2130
25. 25. References: 25 PLANTS THAT FIGHT CANCER, Edited by Spiridon E. Kintzios and Maria G. Barberaki DavidG.I.Kingston,Plants Derived Natural Productsas Anticancer Agents , Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Mary Ann Jordan and Leslie Wilson, Microtubules as a Targets for Anticancer Drugs , Nature Reviewe Cancer vol 4 | Apr 2004 Diwaker A K*1, Jadon Gu,njan Plant-Based Anticancer Molecules: A Chemical and Biological Profile of Some Important Leads .IJARPB, 2012; Vol.2 (1):16-24 YasukoKitagishi,MayumiKobayashi,andSatoruMatsuda, Protection against Cancer with Medicinal Herbs via Activation of Tumor Suppressor. Journal of Oncology Volume 2012 Spiridon E. Kintzios, Terrestrial Plant-Derived Anticancer Agents and Plant Species Used in Anticancer Research . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 25:2, 79-113
26. 26. THANK YOU 26