poultry in behaviourresearch.behaviourresearch
TRANSCRIPT
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Poultry
in
behaviour research.
Poultry Poultry
in in
behaviourbehaviour research.research.
Prof Chris Evans & Dr KProf Chris Evans & Dr K--lynnlynn SmithSmithDepartment of Brain, Department of Brain, BehaviourBehaviour and Evolutionand Evolution
Macquarie UniversityMacquarie University
:
Applied research:
Applied research
�Industry & Economic
�Bird health & productivity
�Stress, stocking density, growth rate
�Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens
�Environmental impact of farming types
(intensive free-range)
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Basic researchBasic research
� Developmental & behavioural research
� Brain development/specialization
mammals’ neocortex = birds’ neopallium?
� Lateralization of function
Basic researchBasic research
�Cognition
�Arithmetic skills
�Empathy, emotion
�Communication
� Language
� Origins of signals
1...2...3...
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Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) Jungle fowl Jungle fowl
((Gallus Gallus gallusgallus) )
Social structureSocial structureSocial structure
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Interaction matrixInteraction matrix
CommunicationCommunication
� 27 different vocalization types
� Group cohesion (contact calls)
� Food (tidbitting)
� Predators (alarm calls)
� Ground Aerial
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3D 3D
animationanimation
HighHigh--definition definition
playbacks playbacks
RoboticsRobotics HD video recordingHD video recording Backpack Backpack microphonesmicrophones
Research toolsResearch tools
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Aviary layoutAviary layoutAviary layout
Microphones (4)Microphones (4)
Feeders (4)Feeders (4)
HD cameras (2)HD cameras (2)
Overhead cameraOverhead camera
Recording studioRecording studio
Recording studioRecording studioRecording studio
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A
B
TidbittingTidbittingTidbitting
Multimodal referential signal
Tidbitting(Vocal and visual)
TidbittingTidbitting(Vocal and visual)(Vocal and visual)
AlphaAlpha
BetaBeta
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Tidbitting(vocal and visual)
TidbittingTidbitting(vocal and visual)(vocal and visual)
Silent tidbitting(visual only)
Silent Silent tidbittingtidbitting(visual only)(visual only)
BetaBeta
AlphaAlpha
Hens
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Silent tidbitting(visual only display)Silent Silent tidbittingtidbitting
(visual only display)(visual only display)
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Video analysisVideo analysisVideo analysis
ScoringScoringScoring
Behaviors:Behaviors:StatusStatus
SuccessSuccess
Distance to hensDistance to hens
If Beta signals:If Beta signals:
AlphaAlpha’’s s --
DistanceDistance
BehaviorBehavior
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Tactical signalingTactical signalingTactical signaling
��Rate of silent Rate of silent vsvs multimodal multimodal
tidbittingtidbitting??
�� Efficacy of silent Efficacy of silent tidbittingtidbitting??
�� What determines structure (visual What determines structure (visual
only or combined)?only or combined)?
FindingsFindingsFindings
��30% of beta signaling 30% of beta signaling
is silentis silent
�� Equally effectiveEqually effective
�� Betas monitor alpha Betas monitor alpha behaviourbehaviour
�� Betas less likely to be seriously Betas less likely to be seriously
attacked after visual only display attacked after visual only display
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TidbittingTidbitting
Why do roosters have wattles?
Why do roosters have wattles?
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Secondary sex characteristicsSecondary sex characteristics
Why multiple ornaments?Why multiple ornaments?
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Because ...Because ...
1. Multiple messages:
(current and developmental conditions)
2. Redundant signals:(same information)
3. Unreliable signals:(initially functioned in mate choice but no
longer reflects condition)
OrnamentsOrnaments
Comb
Wattles
Iris
Ear lappets
Spurs
Feather
ornaments
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OrnamentsOrnaments
Comb
Wattles Ear lappets
Spurs
����� �
�
�
Feather ornaments
�
Iris
TidbittingTidbitting
� Rate of movements increases with
highly preferred food
� Competition: male – male
female - female
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Wattles …Wattles …
1. enhance signal conspicuousness
� Faster orientation
2. enhance signal recognition
� Rapid onset of food searching
3. alter information content
� Increased motion = higher quality food ∴
greater food searching effort
AnimationAnimation
� ‘bones’ determine movement of bird
and wattle
� Precisely match
exemplar movements
� Only alter
characteristics of
wattle
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TreatmentsTreatments
�Normal: matched to natural movement
�Wattleless: removed completely
�Blade-like: rigid, movement with head
�Extrafloppy: 2.5x more movement than
normal
Normal wattlesNormal wattles
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WattlelessWattleless
Experimental setupExperimental setup
�24 hens + 2 companion hens
�Four treatments
�
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Response measuresResponse measures
FindingsFindings
1. Wattles increase conspicuousness of
tidbitting display
2. Apparent size matters
3. Signal easily recognizable regardless
of wattles
4. Faster movement ≠ more information
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FindingsFindings
5. Wattles are an unreliable signal of male quality
6. Wattles are conserved because they enhance signal efficacy of a sexually
selected display.
Communication matrixCommunication matrix
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Alarm signals & risk management
Broadband (conspicuous, loud)Broadband (conspicuous, loud)
Tonal (hard to localize,
quiet)
Tonal (hard to localize,
quiet)
Call characteristicsCall characteristics
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Wireless microphonesWireless microphones
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FindingsFindings
� Alpha males take more risk
� Call more often & longer
� More at stake (offspring)
� Situation affects call characteristics
� Call type lessen risk
� Places to hide
� Somebody else to take the fall
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Collaborators:Dr Phil Taylor
Dr Alan Taylor
Dr Daniel van Dyk
Artemi Kokolakis, Hons
Dr Jennifer Clarke
Research assistants:Robby Miller
Cat Loudon
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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?