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POULTRY LINE, SEPTEMBER 2019 1

2 POULTRY LINE, SEPTEMBER 2019


FELICITATION TO MANAGEMENT OFMAHARASHTRA OIL EXTRACTIONS PVT LTD

We would like to place on record our specialmention and gratitude to the management ofMaharashtra Oil Extractions Pvt Ltd. (MOEL)who has always been a staunch supporter andkey contributor to the success of our exhibitionsat Nashik.

Mr. Manoj Basantlal Agrawal, Director,Maharashtra Oil Extractions Pvt Ltd being

felicitated by Dr. Saheb Rao Rathod.From left: Mr. Sandeep Agrawal,

Mr. Basantlal Agrawal, Mr. Satish Sangamner,Mr. B.Shiv Shankar and Dr. Swami

Mr. Alkesh Agrawal is being felicitatedby Mr. Satish Sangamner.

From Left: Mr. Sandeep Agrawal,Dr. Sahebrao Rathod, Dr. Basantlal Agrawal,

Dr. Swami & Mr. Manoj Agrawal

Mr. Basantlal Agrawal, Chairman, MOEL wasfelicitated by Mr. Shiv Shankar. Mr. Sandeep

Agrawal, Mr. Manoj Agrawal are with Chairman.Mr. Sunil Agrawal (left) and Alkesh Agrawal (right)

along with Mr. Satish Sangamner,Dr. Sahebrao Rathod and Dr. Swami.


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Mr. Sandeep Agrawal honoured by Dr. Swami.From left: Mr. Satish Sangamner,

Dr. Sahebrao Rathod , Mr. Basantlal Agrawal,Mr. B.Shiv Shankar & Mr. Manoj Agrawal.

In order to recognise their support, we the teamof India Poultry Expo have personally travelledto Dhule, Maharashtra and took pride infalicitating the management. Below are thepictures of the felicitation.


VOL.19 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2019

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Editor : B. SHIV SHANKARAssociate Editor : B. KALYAN KUMARSub Editor : R. SHAILESH NAATHSr. Technical Editor : Dr. M.A. MUJEEB ATHERTechnical Editor : Dr. MANOJ SHUKLA

Printed, Published and Owned by B. Kalyan Kumar, Printed at Karshak Art Printers, 40, A.P.H.B. Blocks, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad - 500 044. India.Published at 2-1-444/16, 1st Floor, O.U.Road, Nallakunta,Hyd-44. Editor: B. Shiv Shankar.

POULTRY LINE

TECHNICAL EDITORIAL BOARDDr. P.K. SHUKLA, Jt. Commissioner Poultry, G.O.I., New Delhi.Dr. J.L. VEGAD, Phoenix Group, Jabalpur.Dr. V. RAMASUBBA REDDY, Retd. Professor, Agri. Uni. Hyd.Prof. G. DEVEGOWDA, M.V.Sc.,Ph.D., (USA), B'lore.Dr. D. CHANDRASEKARAN, Prof&Head, Vet.Col.& Res.Ins. Nammakal.Dr. A.U. QIDWAI, Dy. Director, Directorate of A.H., Badshahbag, LucknowProf. DEVAREDDY NARAHARI, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Chennai.Dr. V. KRISHNA RAO, Poultry Consultant, Hyderabad.Dr. S.V. RAMA RAO, Scientist RJNR, Hyderabad.Dr. A.K. PANDA, Scientist, PDP, RJNR, Hyderabad.Dr. B.S. VENKATARAMI REDDY, Prof. & Head, Hebbal, B'lore.Dr. SUJIT KULKARNI, Sales Director, Biomin Singapore Pte Ltd.Dr. JYOTI PALOD, Professor, C.V.A.Sc., Pantnagar.Dr. RAMDAS S. KAMBALE, SBU Head & Chief - AHD - Chembond ChemicalsDr. S. NANDI, B.V.Sc. & A.H, M.V.Sc., Ph.D., IVRI, Izatnagar, U.P.Dr. D. SAPCOTA, M.V.Sc. (APAU) Ph.D. (IVRI) Guwahati.Dr. B.K. SWAIN, M.V.Sc., Ph.D., Ela, Goa.Dr. NIRANJAN KALITA, M.V.Sc., Ph.D, Professor, Guwahati.DR. S. K. KHURANA, Associate Prof., COVAS, Palampur (HP)Dr S K MUKHOPADHAYAY, Asso. Prof.(Vety Pathology) WBUAFS, Kolkata.Dr SUBHA GANGULY, Scientist, AICRP-PHT, Kolkata Centre.Dr LOKESH GUPTA, Tech Mgr-Poultry, Alltech India.DR VIJAY SWAMI, M.V.Sc., A.H., Country Manager, SunHY Biology Co. Ltd.DR ATUL BHAGWANSINGH RAJPUT, DGM, Sales, Optima Lifescience

CONTENTS

1. Cultured Chicken Meat Production

- K.Premavalli ...................................... 13-16

2. Management of fracture in avian species

- Deepti Sharma........................................ 17

3. Managemental control ......in broilers

- K.Iniyah .............................................. 27-28

4. Bacteriophages as .... Poultry Diseases

- Dr. K. Prashanth Kumar ...................... 29-31

5. Inclusion Body Hepatitis In Chicken

- S.Chitradevi ............................................ 34

6. NECC Egg Rates ......................................... 66

7. Broiler Rates ............................................. 82

8. Press Releases ..............................................

...................... 18, 32-33, 43-50, 59-65, 95-101


INDEX OF ADVERTISEMENTSParticulars Page No.Particulars Page No.

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Alembic Pharmaceutical Ltd. Inside Colour 26

Alivira Animal Health Limited Inside Colour 93Alltech Biotechnology Pvt Ltd. Inside Colour 9

Anand Poultry Diagnostic Centre Inside Colour 70Animal Wellness Products Inside Colour 92

Anshuman Industries Inside Colour 73A.P.Poultry Equipments Inside Colour 88

Aquachem Laboratories Inside Colour 92ATA Packing Products 16

Bayer Pharmaceuticals Private Limited Inside Colour 71Biocare Inside Colour 72

Biomin Singapore Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 42Boehringer Ingelheim India Pvt. Ltd., Inside Colour 10

Camlin Fine Sciences Ltd. Inside Colour 25Ceva Polchem Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 83

Chembond Chemicals Ltd. Title Cover IIE W Nutrition GmbH Inside Colour 3

Eco-Mix Feed Formulations & Software 12Exotic Bio Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 84

Globion India Pvt Ltd., Inside Colour 67HIPRA Inside Colour 35

Huvepharma Inside Colour 53Indian Agro & Food Industries Ltd. Inside Colour 4

Indian Herbs Specialities Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 24India Poultry Expo 2019 Title Fold II

Interface Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 20Jubliant Life Sciences Title Cover I

Karamsar Poultry Appliances 96Kerry Ingredients India Pvt Ltd Inside Colour 87

Lark Engineering Co. (India) Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 6Lubing India Pvt. Ltd., Inside Colour 86

Lumis Biotech Pvt. Ltd. Title Cover 58

Narsipur Chemicals Inside Colour 54

Natural Herbs & Formulations Inside Colour 36

Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 22

Novus Title Fold I

Nutridian Animal Health Inside Colour 57

NuTech Bio Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 38

Nutrient Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 91

Optima Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Inside Colour 94

Pericoli Inside Colour 37

Poultry Consultancy Services 45

Provet Pharma Pvt Ltd. Inside Colour 69

Provimi Animal Nutrition India Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 39

Reddy Drugs Laborataries Inside Colour 85

Regen Biocorps AHI (P) Ltd. Inside Colour 40 & 41

Rossari Biotech Ltd. Title Cover III

Rovitex Agro Chem Inside Colour 68

Sai Krishna Plastic Industries Inside Colour 90

Srinivasa Farms Private Limited Inside Colour 51

Sree Lakshmi Hatcheries Pvt. Ltd. 31

Sri Lakshmi Packaging Company 81

S.S.Associates 28

Tata Chemicals Limited Inside Colour 52

Unique Biotech Ltd. Inside Colour 55

Uttara Impex Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 21

VHPL Inside Colour 19, 23, Title Cover IV

Vetrix Nutrition Pvt. Ltd. Inside Colour 89

Volschendorf Enterprise Pvt Ltd. Inside Colour 56

Zeus Biotech Limited. Inside Colour 74

Zoetis India Limited Inside Colour 7

Zydus (Cadila Healthcare Ltd.) Inside Colour 8


Cultured meat, also called lab-grown clean meat,in vitro meat, imitation meat, synthetic meat,artificial meat or bio-manufactured meat is meatwhich includes muscle cells, fat cells, connectivetissue, blood, and other components, producedby in vitro cultivation of animal cells, without actualslaughtering of animals/birds. Cultured meat canalso be produced from cells taken from the featherof chicken. It is produced by using tissueengineering techniques. White meat is an idealmaterial for meat culture due to its anaerobicactivity, low fat content, and plasticity. Cultured meatcan be “an alternative protein source to feed theworld”. There are limited dedicated researchactivities going on throughout the world and culturedmeat has not yet been commercialized.

Methods

It starts with cells extracted from an animal andcultured to develop into strands of muscle tissuefit for human consumption after cooking. Collectionof cells can be made through a biopsy; cells fromchicken feather.

Maintaining a Primary Culture

1. Extract myosatellite cells from primary tissue

Use of “primary cells” from a living or recentlyslaughtered animal, or using a population of“immortalised” cells, that will keep on dividingis essential. The most viable cells are to bechosen.

2. Plate cells in gelatinized flasks

3. Initiate serum starvation

4. Administer growth media every 48 hours

Plant-based nutrients are added to grow cellsin a bioreactor. 20ml of fresh Growth Media areadded to the flasks every 48 hours to promoteproliferation without differentiation, until cells areready to be frozen down. A combination ofDMEM, sodium bicarbonate, horse serum, andpenicillin promote cell attachment when plated.A combination of McCoy’s Solution, sodiumbicarbonate, chicken serum, and penicillinpromote cell proliferation without differentiation.

5. Ensure optimum environmental conditionsduring incubation

Normally, optimum proliferation with minimaldifferentiation was maintained when cells werekept in in T75 flasks for incubation at 37.5o Cand exposed to a constant flow of 5% Co2.

Cultured Chicken Meat ProductionK.Premavalli, S.Prakash and S.T.Selvan,

Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam,Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityU


6. Passage cells to new flasks once desiredconfluency has been reachedCells may reach appropriate confluence forpassaging 96 hours after plating. Flasks with aconfluence between 80% and 90% will beproduced at 5 x 106 to 2 x 107 cells per flaskwith minimal amounts of celldifferentiation. Many factors such ascontamination and changes to their environmentor feeding schedules can lead to cell death.Maintenance and prevention of death of cells isa difficult process. Once cultivated for primaryculture, cells must be maintained for 40 to 60cell divisions in order to determine theirimmortality. To retain immortality, myosatellitecells must be kept at optimum conditionsthroughout the culturing and storage process.

7. Production of clean meatThe resulting product is 100 percent real meat,is often called “clean meat” because the productis cleaner, but without the antibiotics, E. coli,salmonella, or waste contamination – all of

which come standard in conventional meatproduction. The pure muscle tissue - basically,lean mince, rather than something with the tasteand texture of a chop or steak, which meansadding fat cells and connective cells to give it“a bit more taste”.The production of clean meatis significantly more environmentally friendly,much like clean energy.

8. Freeze and store cells in Nitrogen tank for ATCCdepositA large robot and data scientists are involved incollecting data from all of the machines in thelab to identify the best ingredients.

Why Cultured meat?It is because most food scientists believe thatcurrent methods of food production areunsustainable. Some estimate that food productionwill have to double within the next 50 years to meetthe requirements of a growing population. Duringthis period, climate change, water shortages andgreater urbanisation will make it more difficult toproduce food. Lab grown meat will help stop theslaughter of animals and protect the environment;industrial farming contributes to greenhouse gasemissions such as methane through agriculturalwaste and nitrous oxide via fertilizer use. The labgrown meat can be produced in a bioreactor in onlytwo days, but it is not yet commercially availablefor mass consumption.Advantages1. Avoids sacrificing of animals/birds2. Take fewer resources to produce than rearing

livestock/ birds.3. Require less energy, take up less land, and

release less methane and other greenhousegases than conventional meat production.

4. Eliminate much of the cruel, unethicaltreatment of animals that are raised for food.

5. Reduce the considerable environmentalcosts of meat production; resources would beneeded only to generate and sustain culturedcells, not an entire organism from birth.


6. Reduce the environmental footprint of meat byup to 60%.

7. Reduce land pressures8. Fight anti-microbial resistance and food

contamination.9. Predicted to be three times as efficient as

chicken, which is the most efficientconventionally produced meat.

10. Does not require the use of antibiotics.Disadvantages1. Very costly2. Overly dry (from too little fat).3. In the beginning it will taste blandQuestions to be answered1. “Does cultured meat spoil at the same rate as

conventional meat?2. Does it allow the same growth of potentially

harmful microbes?3. Is its shelf life the same?4. Does it have the same nutritional qualities?”Future research areasIn the process• Design of bioreactors,• To determine how to suspend large quantities

of muscle cells in a bioreactor• To explore plant based alternatives for the

culturing process. • Making sure of the cells to differentiate and form

into myotubes. • Estimation of actual time taken and labour

needed to turn millions of tiny cells into meat• Cells need to be grown on a very large scale in

a commercial facility for its wide availability.• Shortening the step involved in the bioprocess

around the bioreactors, to grow muscle cellson a large scale that is economical and safeand high quality,

• Fast production of lab grown meat• Establishment of accessible avian muscle

cell line for the production of cultured meat ismust.

• Establ ishment of an immortal chickenmyosatellite cell line

After the process• Nutritional qualities -Proximate, aminoacid,

fattyacid composition analysis of culturedchicken meat

• Sensory analysis of cultured chicken meatMajor concernsThree major concerns are to do with price, taste,and naturalness and the related issue of safety.Consumer preference will decide the success orfailure of lab-grown meat. Careful attention totexture and judicious supplementing with otheringredients could address taste concerns.Clean meat production companies1. Mosa Meat,2. Memphis Meats- Cultured chicken and duck

meat3. Super Meat - Chicken4. Finless Foods. 5. Tyson Foods,( United States, )6. New Harvest- Chicken and turkey meat7. Future Meat Technologies,8. Impossible Foods9. Beyond Meat,10.Good Food Institute, a Washington, D.CThe clean meat must be produced from high-qualitycells from animals and cultivating them into meat• Should be nutritious, tasty• Should tastes like actual original traditional

chicken meat.• Should have highest level of quality• We must keep the benefits of conventional

meat while making several lab grown chickenmeat products healthier, more nutritious andsafer.

• Process should produce less waste anddramatically fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

• Must produce cultured meat on par or evenlower than the traditional / conventional meat.


If the clean meat companies can succeed increating authentic-tasting products that are alsoaffordable, clean meat could make our daily eatinghabits more ethical and environmentallysustainable.Regulatory bodiesTo receive market approval, clean meat will haveto be proved safe to eat. USDA and FDA announcedthat the two agencies would jointly oversee theproduction of cultured meat products. In the newplan, the FDA will oversee “cell collection, cellbanks, and cell growth and differentiation,” and thenthe USDA will “oversee the production and labelingof food products derived from the cells of livestockand poultry.”Common problemsCultured meat research has already begun but isfaced with many obstacles. • Availability of cell lines,• Efficient production of cells at a large scale, and

cell growth using plant based media andscaffolds.

• Generating muscle cell lines that can be scaledup in a bioreactor and exploring plant basedmaterials that can be used to grow these cells.

• Derive cell lines either from existing clonal ormass cultures or from primary culture.

• Subsequently, the cell lines will be adapted tosuspension culture, while retaining their ability

to differentiate into myotubes on a solid, plantbased substrate.

• Validating animal serum for the growthmedium, the nutrient bath, the cells need inorder to survive and grow.

• Establishment of master cell bank for deposits

• A shift from animal agriculture to lab-basedproducts can potentially reverse globalwarming, decrease foodborne illnesses andenvironmental pollution, and spare billions ofanimals.

• Establishment of an efficient method of culturingavian myoblast cells on a large scale, leadingto further research in the field of cellularagriculture.

Conclusions In vitro meat culture offers a solution tounsustainable meat production while still providinganimal products to our growing population. Use ofcheaper ingredients to feed the meat cells can befollowed to lower the production cost of culturedmeat. It should mimic the appearance, colour,flavour, texture, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability of the original conventionalchicken meat. We must produce USDA andFDA approved cultured meat in a better way, sothat it is nuticious, affordable, safe healthier andsuatainable.

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FRACTURES in both companion birds (parrots,falconry birds and backyard poultry) and wildlifecasualties occur because of trauma (with or withoutnutritional deficiencies). Clinically, many a times haveseen that avian bones seem to heal faster thanmammalian bones. The main goal in these avianfracture repair goals are identical to those inmammals, these are :

• To achieve accurate alingment of thefracture fragments.

• To cause minimal trauma, thus preservingfracture site vascularity mainly

• To apply rigidity, satisfying the mechanicalneeds of the fracture

• To restore limb function so that we canreduce incidence of fracture disease

• To minimise pain• And lastly to do it as quickly and cost

effectively as possible.METHODS OF REPAIRSome fractures in birds heal adequately with no formof applied fixation at all. Fractures of the pelvic andshoulder (coracoids, clavicle and scapula) girdlescan, in many cases, heal without external/internalsupport.External coaptation is most appropriate if the boneis too small for internal fixation. Application isgenerally quick, requiring a short anaesthetic only,if at all, with many performed in the conscious patientfollowing analgesia. “Mouldable splints”, fashionedfrom padded aluminium finger splints, pipe cleanersor dressing materials and “wing wraps” or “figure ofeight dressings”, can be used to manage a varietyof fractures.Types of SplintsFIGURE-OF-EIGHT WING BANDAGES: Thismethod is best used for fractures of the elbow orcarpal joint, or in small or very young chicks. It isimportant not to apply this bandage too tight.SCHROEDER-THOMAS SPLINT: This method isbest used for fractures involving the tarsometatarsus

Management of fracture in avian speciesDeepti Sharma, Beenish QureshiU

(shank) and hock joint. It is developed from a wireor rod material, used to produce two right-anglebends next to the ring at the top of the splint, so thatit runs parallel to the long axis of the leg.

ROBERT JONES BANDAGE: This method is bestused for simple fractures involving the hock joint. Itrequired heavily padded leg bandages that can beused with or without additional splinting material.Materials used for an external coaptation devicevarious, however to be effective, it must be firmenough to provide support, and can include humanorthopedic molds (orthoplast, hexcelite), woodapplicator sticks, tongue depressors, aluminum rods,or similar such material.

Internal Fixation Internal fixation may be used forfracture management in both medium and large birdsin much the same manner as mammals. The majorproblem involves the lack of appropriate sizes of pins,screws and plates. Most of these were developedfor human or small animal use. Consequently, theirsize and weight are prohibitive, except for the largerraptors. Other problems associated with internalfixation include providing exposure, minimal sepsisand articulation insult.

Isolate the bird from the flock and place in a safe,comfortable, warm location (your own chicken“intensive care unit”) with easy access to water andfood. Limit stress. Call your veterinarian. Surgeriesfor the fractures are performed only by aveterinarian, and are recommended in most fracturecases in birds. To minimize the pain, painkillersshould b given for reducing the stress.

REFERENCEMacCoy DM. Treatment of fractures in avian species.Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. (1992)

A Bennett, A Kuzma Fracture Management in Birds.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (1992)

Redig, P., Roush, J. C.: Orthopedic and soft tissuesurgery, in Fowler, M. E. (ed.): Zoo and Wild AnimalMedicine. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1978,pp. 247-251.

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• Major economic problem throughout the world

• Causes diarrhoea in broilers during first weekof life and leads to cessation of growth

• The financial losses are caused by increasednumber of culled birds, poor feed conversion,reduced body weight and lower uniformity atslaughter

Species affected:Chicken and turkey, mainlybroilers

Synonym• Pale bird syndrome

• Malabsorption syndrome

• Runting and Stunting syndrome

• Helicopter disease

• Poult enteritis

Etiology• Reo virus, entero virus, parvo virus, toga virus,

rota virus and calci virus.These viruses couldbe detected in affected birds but the conditionis not caused by single etiology

• The condition is associated with several entericviruses and appears to be multifactorialalthough the true etiology remains to beidentified.

• Camphylobacterand spirochaetes also involvedin cause

Predisposing factors• Cold temperature during brooding

• Poor hygiene and managemental problems

• Over stocking of day old chicks

• Mycotoxin affected feed

• Dietary vitamin deficiency

Managemental control of Infectious stuntingsyndrome in broilers

K.Iniyah, C.Lavanya, S.Jayachitra and K.BalasundaramVeterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal,

Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS)U

Transmission• Vertical transmission, horizontal transmission

through faecal contamination• Incubation period : 7 to 14 days• Morbidityupto 50-90% in the first week of age• Mortality based on severity of the disease at first

week of life. Surviving birds enter the chronicphase.

Clinical signsAcute phase• Uneven growth• Temporary stunting and permanent runting• Poor feed conversion ratio• Lack of pigmentation in skin, feet or beak

• Pale comb and wattle• Osteodystrophy• Broken or twisted feet and lameness• Abnormal and fluffed out feathers• Undigested feed in the droppings• Mucoid diarrhoea• Pasting of faeces around the cloaca• Coprophagy, birds seen with droppings

smeared in the beak

• Tremors and incoordination• Reluctant to move• DeathChronic phase• Stunted birds with down feathers have

increased appetite for both faeces and dry ration• Swaying gait with pendulous abdomen• Birds appear stunted and never attain target

weight for age


Gross lesions• Affected birds are relatively small for their age

and pale• Distension of intestinal rumen with poorly

digested contents and caecum swelling withfoul yellowish contents

• Hard atropic and very pale pancreas• Thickened proventricular walls and ulcers in the

mucosa• OsteodystrophyHistopathological lesions• Cystic lesions in the small intestine particularly

duodenum with varying amounts of cell debrisin the lumen and large accumulation ofmononuclear cells

• Inflammation and blockage of pancreatic ducts• Reduction in the zymogen granules and

shrinkage of apical region in the exocrine cellsof pancreas

Diagnosis• Clinical signs and post-mortem lesions• Since multiple etiological agents are involved

and presence of enteric virus in normal birds,laboratory investigation may not be possible todiagnose the condition.

• Poor managemental conditions and presenceof more than 5% stunted birds in the flock

• Stunted birds with prominent clinical signs maybe sacrificed for histopathological examinationof pancreas

Treatment• No effective treatment for severely affected

birds• Use of Antibiotics may be effective in less severe

casesPrevention and control• No vaccination to control this condition• Good farm hygiene to reduce the burden of

multiple infectious organisms• Good flock nutrition, antibiotics and vitamin

supplements may be helpful• Following all-in-all-out system of rearing with

adequate down time between flocks• Use of clean litter material without contamination• Avoiding use of faeces contaminated eggs for

hatching• Maintenance of proper brooding temperature• Proper cleaning and disinfection of hatchery,

brood chamber and poultry house• Removal and proper disposal of dead birds

immediately

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Bacteriophages as therapeutic agents inPoultry Diseases

Dr. K. Prashanth Kumar*1, Dr. K. Pranay Kumar2

Corresponding author : [email protected]. of Poultry Science, PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad

2Division of Physiology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, UPU

Introduction:Increasing concerns about antimicrobial resistancein animal and human pathogens and epidemiologyof transmission of antibiotic resistance have driventhe recent search for novel alternatives toantimicrobial drugs in humans andanimals.Although bacteriophage (phage) therapy isone suchalternative, it is not novel. Soon after theirdiscovery byTwort (1915) and d’Herelle (1917)phages were used tocontrol avian typhoid causedby Salmonella gallinarum. Human applicationssoon followed, and by 1930–1940phages werecommonly used therapeutics, particularlyinGeorgia, Russia and Poland, and also in theUSA(Summers, 2005).Interest in phage therapydeclined soon following the introduction ofantibiotics, but has increased dramaticallyparticularly with recent research serious infectionscaused by antibiotic resistant pathogens such asvancomycin-resistant Enterococci (Biswas et al.,2002) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) (Matsuzaki et al., 2003).Pertinent aspects of phage biology& Mode ofaction of phages:Phages are highly plentiful in nature and share acommonecology with their bacterial hosts(Bru¨ssow and Kutter,2005). Because oftheirubiquitous presence they are found in thealimentarytracts of animals and humans, and infoods, soil, water,sewage and associatedenvironmental niches. Bacteriophages can begrouped into Lytic and Temperate phages. Lyticphages exhibits a self-replicating virulent infectiouscycles that results in rapid degradation of host cellDNA, replication of phages and lysis with elease ofhundreds of progeny phages (Guttman et al.,2005).In contrast Temperate phages do not lyse thehost cell, incorporates phage genome into host cell

genome & replicates along with host DNA asprophage. Hence there is no cell destruction, it isclear that pro-phages do not offer any therapeuticeffect.At an ideal ratio of phages to susceptible hostbacterial cells, phages amplify themselves byrepeated cycles of replication until the host cell iseliminated or killed. This ratio is referred asMultiplicity of infection (MOI). At very high MOIs, thehost may be killed by‘lysis from without’, in whichattachment of many phagesto a single bacterial cellresults in lysis without phagereplication. At low MOI,where the numbers of target bacteria areinsufficient or falls below the ‘phageproliferationthreshold’ level extensive lysis of hostcells takes place.In other situations, phages andsusceptible bacteria may co-exist in equilibrium ofa predator–prey relationship. Co-existence withrelatively stable numbers of hosts and phages mayreflect the emergence of phage resistant sub-populations.Another important characteristic that influences thetherapeutic potential of phages is their specificity,which determines their host ranges amongtargeted and non-targeted bacteria.Most phagesoffer greater specificity than antimicrobial drugs,targeting only specificsubtypes within a species,serovar or serogroup.Phage specificity isdetermined largely by the interaction betweenbinding sites on their tail fibers and one or morereceptors on the cell surface of the host bacterium,which may include lipopolysaccharides, proteins,capsular polysaccharides, flagella and pili.The idealtherapeutic phage will infect multiple pathogenscarrying common surface receptors. such astheSalmonella phage, Felix O1, which infects mostSalmonellaserovars (Kallings, 1967).


Phage therapy in chickens:In general, colibacillosis is a serious problem inpoultry production, infections starts in therespiratory system, quickly becomes systemic and

causes considerable mortality. Salmonella andcampylo bacter infections are is the most commonfood-borne bacterial enteritis indeveloped countries


Limitations:1. High variation in the protective

dose, in some cases it was104 PFU and some cases1011.

2. Only strong lytic phages aresuitable.

3. Preventive treatment in phagetherapy did not preventcolonization.

4. Some lytic phages are knownto release endotoxins thatcause fecer, and sometimestoxic shock.

5. Use of phages withuncharacterized genomesseems to be dangerous. Only

Examples for Commercially available Bacteriophageproducts for poultry: 1) Bafasal®, 2) eXolution.

Figure.1 Steps in Lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages.

full characterization and screening of phagescan eliminate those that encode toxic proteins.

6. All phages contain foreign proteins which couldinduce an immune reponse potentially reducingthe effectiveness of therapy.

Conclusion:Theincreasing resistance of pathogenic bacterialstrains to the most used antibiotics in broiler farmsis considered an important problem leading to higheconomic losses to the poultry industry. Antibiotic

treatments does not only kill pathogenic bacteriabut also affect the normal micro flora, potentiallyleading to secondary infections.Phage therapy hasreduced side effects compared totraditionalantibiotic treatments due to the specificityof phages.The development of adequate phagepreparations may in the future prove tobe one ofthe most effective methods for fighting bacteriathatare pathogenic for humans and animals, and willalso make it possible to obtain products that aresafeand free of antibiotics.

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IntroductionInclusion body hepatitis (IBH) associated with fowladenovirus (FAdV) infection has occurred worldwide andresulting in considerable economic losses to the poultryfarmers. It is an acute disease of chicken caused by thevirus of the genus Aviadenovirus and referred to as fowlaviadenovirus (FAdV). There are 12 FAdV types (FAdV1to FAdV8a and FAdV8b to FAdV11), classified into fivespecies based on their genotype (designated FAdV A toFAdV E). All most all serotypes are involved in causationof IBH. It normally occurs in meat-type chickens at 3 to7 weeks of age, but it has been reported in birds as youngas 2 day-old and as old as 20 weeks. High mortalityoccurs when the affected birds are less than three weeksof age. Depending on the pathogenicity of the virus,immune status of the chicks and concurrent secondaryinfections, mortality may reach up to 80 per cent.TransmissionHorizontal and vertical transmission plays an importantrole in IBH. The virus transmits vertically throughembryonated eggs. Horizontal transmission of fowladenovirus occurs by the oral – faecal route and furtherspread takes place by mechanical means and bycontamination with infected faeces.Clinical signsSudden mortality is found in birds of 4 days old up to 6weeks. Mortality generally ranges from 40-60%. In manycases the IBH can be a primary disease in broiler chickenwithout any immunosuppression and it causes lowmorbidity and mortality ranges between 10 to 30% and itcan reach up to 80% in the presence of otherimmunosuppressive factors. Affected birds showedreduced feed and water intake, lethargic, hurdling withruffled feather, yellow droppings and in some flocksshowed leg weakness.Postmortem lesionsOn necropsy examination affected birds showed ascites,enlarged pale, friable and mottled liver. The kidneys arepale, swollen and mottled appearance. Haemorrhage intothe renal cortex may be found in some of the birds.Histopathological examinationClassical IBH is characterized by focal hepatic necrosisand presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in

Inclusion Body Hepatitis In ChickenS.Chitradevi* and K.Sukumar, Department of Veterinary Microbiology

Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-2.Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS)

* corresponding author email id: [email protected]

hepatocytes.. Congestion and focal hemorrhage areobserved in kidneys. In many of the hepatic cells, thenuclei disappear entirely, leaving a ghost cell consistingof one or more large vacuoles. Varying degrees ofpyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis are observed inthe majority of the hepatic cells.Diagnosis• Diagnosis of IBH is based on both conventional and

molecular techniques. Conventionally IBH can bediagnosed based on the clinical signs, grosspathology, histopathology and serological techniques.

• Histological investigations and detection of intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes.

• Isolation of fowl adenovirus using chicken embryoliver culture and identification by PCR and real timePCR.

• Serotyping of fowl adenovirus using PCR combinedwith RFLP, sequencing and High Resolution Meltingcurve analysis of hexon gene

Prevention and control• The immunosuppressive viruses like infectious bursal

disease virus and chicken infectious anaemia virusespotentiate these diseases. So, the major step shouldbe to eliminate these two agents.

• Feed should be free of mycotoxin• Implementation of proper winter management

programme• Appropriate biosecurity measures should be

maintained.• Infected and non-infected breeding flocks should be

separated.• Vaccination of breeder flock with serotype specific

fowl adenovirus vaccine.ConclusionInclusion body hepatitis is a recently reemerged fowladenoviral disease of meat type chicken. The control ofdisease is difficult due to involvement of many fowladenovirus serotypes causing disease. It shouldeliminated from the poultry flock by strict implementationof biosecurity measures, routine screening of flocks forother immunosuppressive diseases and propervaccination programme.

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Birds are highly susceptible to many infections anddiseases which are caused by a variety ofmicroorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungiand parasites. The birds’ vulnerability to theseinfections is particularly high in intensivecommercial poultry rearing systems worldwide.Without their effective immune systems birds wouldhardly be able survive in such a hostileenvironment.

The avian immune systemAvian species’ immune system is quite unique asthey don’t possess lymph nodes but instead theyhave lymphoid aggregations along thegastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other mucosalsurfaces. The GIT-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT) has about 65-70% of the birds’ immunesystem. This means that in addition to the digestiveand absorptive functions, the gastrointestinal tractis also considered the major immune organ in birds.

Natural immune system developmentUnder natural conditions, chicks hatch in closeproximity to the mother hen, allowing them to eatand drink as soon as they are hatched. Microflorafrom the mother hen also colonizes thegastrointestinal tract of young chicks. Early feeding

and microflora colonization have very positiveeffects on birds’ performance and on the maturationof the birds’ immune systems.

Modern, slower colonizationPoultry production under modern husbandrypractice does not allow newly hatched chicks tocome into contact with mother hens, slowing thedevelopment of gut microflora and the immunesystem by 3 weeks or more. The lack of the gutmicroflora establishment opens the door to entericcolonization by pathogens, making the chickssusceptible to infections and diseases.

Probiotics’ positive effects on immunityLactic acid bacteria-based probiotics support abird’s immune system in several ways. They playan important role in the development andestablishment of gut microflora and encouragerapid maturation of the immune system. This helpsthe birds to respond better to vaccines and alsodefend themselves against infections. Probioticsalso have an important role in combating diseasesand infections.

Commensals and probiotics are always sensed byimmune cells, where antigen presenting cells suchas macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cellssample these beneficial bacteria and inducespecific local immune modulation with theactivation of B-cells to produce secretory IgAagainst these beneficial bacteria which can beconsidered harmless and non-inflammatory in themucosal and the systemic environment (oraltolerance). Probiotics help the host’s immune cellsto better recognize and eliminate harmfulpathogens. Improved tolerance coincides with lessenergy expended on inflammation, leaving moreenergy directed towards growth.

Boosting Vaccines’ Effectiveness using SynbioticsPRESS RELEASE

Recent evidence demonstrates that supporting poultry gut health with a combined prebioticand lactic acid bacteria-based probiotic can improve an animal’s immune response


Probiotics and vaccine interaction

More in-depth work has been done in humanslooking at the effect of probiotics on vaccineresponse. For instance, a large increase in vaccine-specific serum IgA and IgG antibodies titres wasobserved in individuals that received Lactobacillus-and Bifidobacterium-based probiotics withSalmonella typhi and Cholera vaccines comparedto those who received the vaccine alone(Paineau et al., 2008, Maidens et al., 2012).

Similarly, but to a lesser extent, some work hasbeen done in birds. For example, Methner andothers (2000) found out that the administration ofthe live Salmonella vaccine before or at the sametime as probiotics offered the best protectionagainst experimental Salmonella challenge as aresult of the development of a stronger immuneresponse.

Synbiotics build on the success of probiotics

The benefits of probiotics, or beneficial bacteria, insupporting gut microflora are well documented.Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients thatbeneficially affect the host by selectively stimulatingthe growth or activity of one or several beneficialbacteria in the gut. Synbiotics combine prebioticsand probiotics in order to deliver further benefit toanimals.

IBD vaccine trial

A study performed at Kasetsart University,Thailand, evaluated the effect of PoultryStar® — thefirst poultry-specific, multi-species synbioticproduct to be authorized by the EU — againstflavomycin — an antibiotic — and negative controlon broilers’ performance and immune statusfollowing infectious bursal disease (IBD)vaccination on day 14. Compared to the other trial’sgroups, PoultryStar® increased performance inaddition to increasing IBD antibody titres, indicatingan up-regulation of the birds’ immune status (Table1).

Table 1. Performance parameters after 45 daysand immune status after IBD vaccination program.

*PI (Broiler Productivity Index) = (Livability [%] x Live weight[kg]/age [d]/FCR) x 100

Source: BIOMIN trials, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 2005

IBV and NDV trialA similar effect on vaccine response was noticedin a recent field study where birds were divided overtwo houses, each house was divided into twogroups; a PoultryStar® group and a control group.On the first day, all the groups received Newcastledisease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) vaccines in the hatchery followed by NDVvaccine on day 15. On days 35 and 42 NDV vaccinetitres were found to be higher in the synbioticstreated groups (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Effects of PoultryStar® administration onNDV vaccine titres at days 35 and 42 vs. controlgroup.

Source: BIOMIN trials, Poulpharm, Belgium, 2014


More to discover

How synbiotics enhance vaccines response is notfully understood. The positive effects of synbioticsmight be due to the fact that probiotics work asadjuvants for vaccines (directing immuneresponse) and as facilitators of a return to tissuehomeostasis following pathogen challenge.Moreover, the diversity and composition of the gutmicroflora also may influence the efficacy of oralvaccines. The failure to develop protective immunityto vaccines in particular geographical areas couldbe due to intestinal microflora composition amongother reasons (Valdez et al., 2014). Combining

probiotics with vaccines has a positive effect orsometimes no effect on the vaccine response asthe response is dependent on the probiotic strainsused (Maidens et al., 2012).

Conclusion

With the increasing interest in the use of probioticsin animal production, it is important to understandthe role they play in modulating the bird‘s immunesystem. Although the immuno-modulatory activitiesof probiotics are not yet fully understood, they canincrease birds’ immune response followingvaccination.

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“VIP’s EggChi Walkathon” 28th July 2019, Sundayis a fruitful day for Poultry Industry! Together TeamVIP & Team Poultry completed the perfectlyexecuted event organised by Vets In Poultry (VIP)!Reaching the common people for explainingscience behind the egg and chicken products in amethodic way. A remarkable example of well-organized-executed industry-cum-public rally. WeVIPian’s are overwhelmed by the kind of dedicatedparticipation from each segment of industry andsociety.

Just a year-old VIP has successfully completed theevent of “EggChi Walkathon”. The event with supportfrom all bodies and members of industry cannot bebetter to have such blockbuster opening to ourassociation. It’s a success of mega-event wasinvolvement of participants from Industry & Societyactively participated including their family, youngchildren in a shower drizzling road show. This event

will be trigger point to Indian Poultry and we expectmany such events to happen. VIP will standalongside to any such promotional activities.

28th July is super Sunday and created manyhistoric landmarks:

1- First of its kind in the history of poultry industry2- Active participation from families and children areour valuable participants

3- More than 500+ participants enjoyed EggChiwalkathon4- Walkathon started in spite of rainfall andcontinued as per decided agenda5- The effective tool of public interview by our teamto reach common public overcoming their routinedoubts about the egg & chicken food product. Morethan 70 interviews within 2 and half hours what andinteractive event it was!

VIP’s EggChi WalkathonPRESS RELEASE


6- Distribution of frozen chickens & scientificpamphlets (Egg & Chicken) to walking civilians7- Voluntarily and actively participations, support andendorsement from each segment of industryacross India8- Distribution of boiled eggs and chicken nuggets9- Displayed banners, placards and slogans tobreak myths for mass awareness10- The event is appreciated & supported by almostall Associations of India in one go-PF&BA-MH, CLAFMA, NECC, TPFBA-TA, KPFBS-KA, IVPI-KA, BCC-TN, PVF-TN, BFCC-GJ, WBPF-WB, IPJA, IPEMA and all others associations andbodies.In spite of many minor and major challenges, allindustry mates coming together with differentschools of thoughts for a noble cause ofovercoming malnutrition through the VIP’s EggChiWalkathon has been a grand success.

The “EggChi Walkathon” started from BalgandharvaRangamandir travelling Jm Road - FC Road to endup at Sambhaji Udyan with the distribution of egg &chicken products. The group marched from start &keep discussing with bus drivers, shopkeepers,auto rickshaw drivers, on the way to local residentsof JM road and FC road Toddlers, youngsters andfemale participants were enjoying the drizzling

showers during the rally with all due arrangementsof safety.The request letter for Promotion, Eggs inclusion inmid day meal and Overcoming socialMisconceptions was handed over to formeragriculture minister Mr. Sharachandra Pawar andacting member of parliament Mr.Girish Bapat, BJP,Pune.“The rally was impressive at public interactionconducting interviews of pedestrians who came formorning walk on JM & FC road and for breakfastas well” said the president of VIP Dr AjayDeshpande.We a technocrat face of industry, conveyed the faremessage about the production system, its rigorouscontrols for addressing nutritional requirement ofthe society especially when we as a country aretopmost in production of eggs and least consumerunfortunately. This was also a good platform toclarify the myths and misleading of media, societytowards consuming egg & chicken added by DrPedgoankar, GM, Venkateshwara Hatcheries.Dr.Ajit Ranade, Dean at Mumbai Veterinary College,addressed the requirement of protein in our diet andrelative importance of eggs and Chicken. He hasalso appealed the general health consciousmorning walkers to focus protein rich diet along withexercise.


Dr V R Kulkarni while talking to media alsoaddressed the importance of current proteinrequirement of Indian population and way outs ofmeeting the same through poultry farming products.He has also converted the attributes of poultryproducts from health & beauty point of view.

The public interacting was addressing questionsfrom public about the nutritional composition, itssafety, table eggs been non fertile & high in nutritivevalue, importance of chicken & why Indian localproduced chicken is safe to consume

The managing committee of VIP, explained motobehind this initiative is to:

1) Address Protein Malnutrition and way-outs toovercome through Egg & Chicken (EggChi)

2) Spreading awareness of poultry products(Chicken, Egg & It’s byproducts) in society

3) Explaining scientific background to break thefalse propaganda and fear against the egg andchicken consumption in the society along withimproving connect of technocrats in the poultryindustry.

We as Team VIP, are grateful to all the 8 teams toexecute flawless show. Each team putting theirefforts as an individual and as a team was above

the expectations was the real reason behind thesuccess.1. - Promotional Tool Management Team-

Dr Prasad, Dr Rahul Sawarkar, Dr Pankaj, DrSatbhai, Dr Nitesh Kadam, Dr Vijay Gadge, DrVinayak, Pramod Joshi

2. - Statutory Authority Management-Dr Santosh Ire, Rulesh Kherde, RahulPedgoankar, Shailesh Rasinkar, ManishPingale

3. - Participation drive management with allcommunications-Dr Ajay Sir, Dr CB Pathak Sir, Dr VRK Sir

4. - Public interaction team-Dr Jeevan, Dr CB Pathak Sir, Dr Ajay Sir, DrVRK Sir, Dr Sujeet Kulkarni, Dr Ajit RanadeSir, Dr Pankaj Tuptewar, Dr Vinayak Surve, DrSatyjit Jagtap, Vinay Kulkarni, Rahil Somjee,Ganesh Bhosale, Girish Bodhe, PradeepGadekar, Charuhas, Varun, JagdishPatil&Vasantkumar Sir.

5. - Trafic & Rally management team-Dr Atul Rajput, Dr Sachin Patil, Dr SachinBadane, Dr Vaibhav Akkewar, Dr Pradeep


Doiphode, Pradeep Gadekar, Alok Upadhya,Yogesh Autade, Manish Pingale, Milind Padwal,Pardeshi & all volunteers

6. - Untoward incidence handling team.Dr Sunil Bhinge Sir, Dr Baswaraj Sir, RahilSomjee, Alok Upadhya, Rahul Pedgaonkar, DrSatbhai

7. - Refreshment TeamRahil Somjee, Rulesh Kherde, Anant Patil,Shailesh Rashinkar, Pramod Joshi, Parshuram

8. - Media TeamDr Ranade Sir, Dr Ajay Sir, Dr Pedgoankar Sir,Dr VRK Sir, Dr Sujit Sir

Hearty Thanks to each one who involve directly andindirectly. This event would not have beencompleted without proactive support of industrycorporate houses to distribute chicken and eggs.Godrej and Baramati Agro distributed frozenchicken, Venky’s express helped for Fried ChickenNuggets, Yojana Poultry & Om Layer (Chicks)helped to distribute boiled eggs after the event asan refreshment. Great response from all Mumbikarindustry mates to attend even despite of red alertdue to rain was remarkable. Poultry fraternitypeoples from Hyderabad, Kolhapur, Sangli, Nasikand adjoining states to add value to event. We arethankful to all media friends from regionalnewspaper, channels, FM and national media forgiving desired coverage. Tons of thanks to all IndianPoultry associations and bodies for theirunconditional support and value added inputs.Thanks to Major participants form big houses: Japfa,

VH, Godrej, Baramati Agro, Premium,Siddhivinayak, KuKooChaKu, Khadkeshwara, Urja,Kiran Breeding, Om Chick India, Jumbo Rooster,Bhairavnath Breeder, Yojana, Bhairavnath Layer,PDRC, CP & Pharma Distributors & Companiesand all farmers and groups. Thanks to the man whoinitiated the idea and he’s Dr G Gopal Reddy.Grateful to every contributor in direct or indirect wayto deliver our objectives effectively and especiallywell aligned with each segment of poultry industry.Thanks once again.Regards,Dr. Ajay Deshpande, PresidentDr. Santosh Ire, Secretory

VIP Committee:- Prof Dr Ajit Ranade ( Tech Advisors )- Dr VR Kulkarni ( Vice President )- Dr Prasad Kulkarni ( Treasures )- Dr CB Pathak ( EC Member )- Dr Sujit Kulkarni ( EC Member )- Dr Jeevan Sonwane ( EC Member )- Dr Pankaj Tuptewar ( EC Member )- Dr Sachin Patil ( EC Member )- Dr G Gopal Reddy ( EC Member )- Dr Sahebrao Rathod ( EC Member- Nasik )- Dr Rais ( EC Member- Anand )- Dr Badal ( EC Member- Chandigarh )- Dr Maity ( EC Member- Kolkata )- Dr Jyoti ( EC Member- Hyderbad )- Dr HB Natraja ( EC Member- Bangalore )And all VIP Working Committee


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Poultry sector clarifies ‘myths’ aroundconsumption of broiler chicken

‘Antibiotics are administered only after prescription by registered veterinarians’

Already reeling under the impact of severe shortageof maize to feed broilers, the poultry sector is nowcombating what it terms a “misleading” campaignagainst consumption of chicken on social mediaplatforms.

The arguments put forward by the Karnataka PoultryFarmers and Breeders Association (KPFBA) to bustthe “myths” of poultry consumption have foundsupport from poultry science experts.

Reacting to the campaign through videos on socialmedia that caution people against broilers, holdingthe consumption of “antibiotic” and “hormone”injected birds responsible for a variety of side-effectsincluding obesity, early puberty, and developmentof anti-microbial resistance, KPFBA president K.S.Akhilesh Babu said that antibiotics are notadministered indiscriminately in the poultry sector.

Antibiotics are administered only for therapeuticpurposes and only after prescription by registeredveterinarians, he said while dismissing reports of“hormone” injection as “patently false”.

“The cost of hormones is costlier than the bird itself.Already, the cost of production is so high, why willanybody increase the cost by adding hormones?”he asked.

The growth of broiler to its full size in 40 days hasbeen attributed to scientific rearing methodologies

There could be reasons to fear about early pubertyand obesity only if hormones are used, Prof. Gowdasaid.

However, the poultry industry, which has alreadyvoiced its protest against the recent notificationissued by the Government of India’s Department ofAnimal Husbandry and Dairying on the size of thecages or enclosures for breeding of birds in thepoultry sector, does not foresee any threat toconsumption of broiler chicken.

with the assistance of feed formulations andefficient management practices. “Today, the birdsare growing faster than their ancestors on accountof advanced technology in poultry rearing,” Mr. Babusaid.

Endorsing the contentions made by KPFBA, retiredprofessor and Head, Department of Poultry Science,University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, G.Deve Gowda told The Hindu that there is no reasonto fear that consumption of broilers will lead toobesity. “For, there is practically no carbohydrate inthe chicken meat. It contains purely protein, vitaminsand minerals. It is a rich package of all nutrients,”he said.

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Hyderabad, India | August 8, 2019 - As part ofstrategic investment to support India’s agribusinesssector, International Finance Corporation (IFC), amember of the World Bank Group, has committedto invest INR 1,300 million (or USD 18.75 millionequivalent) in Srinivasa Farms Pvt. Ltd. (“SFPL” or“Srinivasa” or the “Company”) to partner with theCompany in its pursuit to expand pan India withcapacity enhancement and product diversi_cation.The _rst tranche of INR 650 million (or USD 9.37million equivalent) has already been invested.

Srinivasa Group had its moorings way back in 1965when Mr. Jagapati Rao Chitturi (Chairman) forayedinto poultry business in Hyderabad. The Companyis a leader in the integrated layer and broilerbusiness which has diversi_ed interests in soya,feed, contract farming, chicken processing andretail.

Hy-Line International, the world leader in Chickenlayer (egg laying) genetics, has tied up exclusivelywith Srinivasa Farms in India, which is a testimonyto the Company’s legacy and sound fundamentalsin poultry.

One among its many achievements that theCompany has embarked on was setting up of thestate-of-the-art chicken processing plant nearHyderabad, India, to produce a variety of value-

Boost to Srinivasa’s expansion plans with IFC’s Partnership

PRESS RELEASE

added chicken products for hotels and restaurantsand fast food segment. The Group is also puttingup a Mega Food Park as part of its diversi_cationplans to provide food processing infrastructure tosmall and medium enterprises in Andhra Pradeshin a plug and play mode.

The poultry sector generates economic bene_tsalong the value chain by integrating small farmersinto production processes. In India, it is one of themost organized sectors in agriculture with a marketvalue of $16.8 billion. Even though India’s per capitaconsumption of eggs and chicken has grown in thelast _ve years, it is expected to grow further at 7-10 percent per annum. India already ranks 3rd inegg production and 4th in broiler production, globally.

“Strengthening the agribusiness sector is at theheart of India’s development agenda. It is a sectorof strategic focus for IFC. Investment in the poultrysector can lead to job creation for low-skilledworkers who are entering formal labor force for the_rst time,” said Mr. Jun Zhang, IFC Country Headin India. “Srinivasa’s successful expansion willcreate jobs, improve rural logistics, and help createa market linkage for small farmers.”

Apart from funds infusion, IFC will contribute to thepartnership by bringing to the table its globalexpertise in the poultry sector, technical advisoryon best operating practices and climate-smartagricultural practices, corporate governance, andfood safety standards. IFC’s investment will helproll out the Company’s network to new areas andexpand farmer reach.

KPMG was the exclusive _nancial advisor to thecompany for the transaction.

Mr. Suresh Chitturi, Vice Chairman and ManagingDirector of Srinivasa Farms (and also the ViceChairman of International Egg Commission, UK &Vice President of All India Poultry BreederAssociation) said – “over the next 2-3 years we will


invest over INR 3000 MN in doubling our capacities.The plan is to pursue a collaborative growth modelto expand allied businesses such as retail,processed foods and agri-businesses, besidesvalue added products. Our project expansion willcreate many more jobs with best practices in workforce management and sustainable developmentkeeping environment in focus.”

About Srinivasa Group

Founded by a pioneer of the poultry industry byestablishing his _rst poultry farm in 1965. Today,Srinivasa is fully backward integrated in the poultryvalue chain, with presence in soya & feed, layerand broiler breeding and broiler integration (contractfarming) with a vision to move up the poultry valuechain, the Company recently set up a chickenprocessing unit and opened company owned retailoutlets. It further plans to venture into eggprocessing and chicken value added products.Srinivasa is a leader in the poultry industry with longstanding relationship with poultry farmers. Srinivasaentered into exclusive pan-India distribution

agreement with Hy-Line International for layerchicks. The Company is headquartered inHyderabad with over 2,500 employees and servesover 1,000 customers / farmers across 30+ citiesin the region. Currently, Srinivasa is present in 16states across India.

For more, log on to_www.srinivasa.co

_

About IFC (International Finance Corporation)

IFC - a sister organization of the World Bank andmember of the World Bank Group - is the largestglobal development institution focused on the privatesector in emerging markets. We work with morethan 2,000 businesses worldwide, using our capital,expertise, and in_uence to create markets andopportunities in the toughest areas of the world. In_scal year 2018, we delivered more than $23 billionin long-term _nancing for developing countries,leveraging the power of the private sector to endextreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. Formore information. For more, log on to_www.ifc.org

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[BENGALURU, India] – Alltech India celebrated thelife and legacy of its founder, Dr. Pearse Lyons onhis 75th birthday by visiting the Isha Foundation forMake a Difference Day.

The Isha Foundation is a leading and renownedNGO, working on various social causes. Alltech,inkeeping with aPlanet of Plenty™ and itscommitment to the UN Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, decided to helpthe foundationby pledging1,000 tree saplings to their Cauvery Callingcampaign.

Cauvery Calling is a first-of-its-kind campaign inIndia, setting the standard for how the country’srivers can be revitalised.The initiative does this byplanting trees, helpingwith water retention andreviving river ecology and climatic conditions.

The current water crisis is a growing concernacross India. The Cauvery river is one of the keysources of water to Bengaluru city and millions offarmers in the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states

where it flows. Itbrings wellbeing and prosperity andis the very source of life for these lands. However,over the last few years,the river has beendry apartfrom monsoon season, not reaching the sea. Aforest-fed perennial river is fast becoming aseasonal stream. This is due to losing 87% of itstree cover in the last 50 years.As the treesdisappear,the soil erodes, the Cauvery dries up andthe farmers suffer. Cauvery Calling is trying toreverse this effect by planting more trees.

The Alltech India team also took part in an Upa Yogasession, which helped to rejuvenate the employees’bodies, minds, and souls.

Elsewhere, the Alltech Pune Facility teamvisited Zilla Parishad School inSavardari village andspent quality time with them, as children are thefuture of any nation.The team hosted an interactivesession with the school’s 175 students anddonated essential notebooks and stationerymaterials.

Alltech India pledges 1,000 trees to the IshaFoundation for Make a Difference Day

PRESS RELEASE


Contact:Dr. Manish Chaurasia,Marketing manager, Poultry (South Asia)[email protected]; +91 8130890989

About Alltech:

Founded in 1980 by Irish entrepreneur and scientistDr. Pearse Lyons, Alltech is a cutting-edgetechnology company in a traditional industry,agriculture. Our products improve the health andnutrition of plants and animals, resulting in morenutritious products for people as well as less impacton the environment.

With expertise in yeast fermentation, solid statefermentation and the sciences of nutrigenomicsand metabolomics, Alltech is a leading producer ofyeast additives, organic trace minerals, feedingredients, premix and feed.

Together, with our more than 5,000 talented teammembers worldwide, we believe in “WorkingTogether for a Planet of Plenty™.”With the adoptionof new technologies, the adaptation of better farmmanagement practices and the ingenuity inherentin the human spirit, we believe a world of abundancecould be ours.

Alltech is a private, family-owned company, whichallows us to adapt quickly to our customers’ needsand stay focused on advanced innovation.Headquartered just outside of Lexington, Kentucky,USA, Alltech has a strong presence in all regionsof the world. For further information, visitwww.alltech.com/news. Join us in conversation onFacebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.

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Preventive measures are only option forcombatting key parasites in turkeys

Robert Beckstead speaks with Poultry Health Today about best practice for turkey producersand how to protect their flocks.

Beckstead cited Histomonas meleagridis — thecause of blackhead disease — cochlosoma andtetratrichomonas as problem parasites in turkeys,mostly because there are no vaccines ortreatments for them.“The failure to have efficacious drugs or the [inability]to use them is a concern for most poultryproducers,” he said. That coupled with the pushfrom consumers to stop using certain medicationsin poultry feed makes control of the parasitesdifficult for producers.H. meleagridis is spread to birds by the roundwormHeterakis gallinarum, ultimately leading to blackheaddisease (histomoniasis). Chicken flocks are knownreservoirs for both H. meleagridis and H. gallinarum,so turkey flocks that are close to chickens positivefor these parasites have a greater chance ofdeveloping blackhead disease, said Beckstead, anassociate professor at the university’s PrestageDepartment of Poultry Science.More questions than answersNot a lot is known about how turkeys contractcochlosoma, which impairs weight gain. However,the parasite is found in wild birds, which could bethe source of infection for turkeys.Histomoniasis and cochlosoma tend to appearsporadically in turkey flocks, compared totetratrichomonas, which is found in about 70percent of birds in the field. All three parasites canoccur at any age, he said.The virulence of tetratrichomonas as well as signsof the disease are other unknowns, but levels ofthe parasite appear to increase in birds with entericdistress. Turkey flocks near a flock positive fortetratrichomonas are going to have an increasedrisk for contracting the parasite, Becksteadcontinued.He estimated that blackhead disease andcochlosoma have a similar negative economicimpact on the turkey industry. Histomoniasis is

scarier because you can lose an entire flock, whichtends to cause more angst than the weight lossthat occurs with cochlosoma. But economically, thelosses due to both parasites are probably similar.Less is known about the economic impact oftetratrichomonas.Control optionsBiosecurity is the best way to help prevent theseparasites in turkeys, Beckstead emphasised. It’sespecially important to make sure workers on theturkey farm don’t interact with chickens. In addition,maintaining single-aged flocks versus multi-agedflocks will reduce the chances of having any of theseparasitic problems.Research in Beckstead’s lab indicates healthy birdsare less likely to transmit parasites. He predictedthat gut health is going to be an important focusregarding control of the parasites.For example, turkeys that are flushing are morelikely to transmit blackhead disease. “If you havelarge [coccidiosis] outbreaks, which cause birds toflush and huddle together, you’re going to get moretransmission of blackhead disease,” he said.Nutrition may also play a role. Anything in the dietthat could lead to flushing, such as added salt, couldcontribute to transmission of parasites, Becksteadsaid.Another potential control method may be geneticselection. About 5 percent of turkeys appear to havegenetic resistance to blackhead disease. Currently,his lab is working with breeder companies and usingnew technology to identify genetic markers thatindicate which birds are resistant.Although there’s been some success with naturalproducts tested in the lab, the results don’t alwaystranslate to success in the field, he indicated.Beckstead expressed appreciation to the NationalTurkey Federation, which has donated funds thatwill enable research to continue.

Courtesy: thepoultrysite.comU

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