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    BY:- SNEHAMOY DHAR

    M.Tech -Power Electronics & Drives

    1st Semester, Regn.:-1611110003

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    Electronic Switches High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

    Power Supply For Electrically-Heated Catalyst

    Low Loss Ignition System Electromagnetic Valve Actuators

    Electronically-Controlled Transmission

    Electric Air Conditioner

    Motor Speed Control

    Electric & Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Systems

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    These switches are low-loss, high-currentswitches.

    Electronic Switching of loads provides asignificant advantage in styling, convenience,reliability & reduction of EMI.

    Electronic switching allows switches to becontrolled directly by a microprocessor for

    load management & multiplexing. They are more cost-effective than mechanical

    switches.

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    It has higher efficiency in terms of morelumens per watt, higher reliability , longer life, greater styling flexibility & greater safety.

    Compared to a halogen headlight , theyrequire power converters.

    A step-up dc-dc converter is used to step-upthe voltage

    Boost & Flyback converters are someexamples.

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    More desirable than hydraulic & pneumaticactuators

    Application of electromagnetic actuators is inengine valve actuation.

    The present cam system provides a valve

    profile which can give optimum engineperformance & improved fuel economy onlyunder certain conditions.

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    Another application of electromagnetic valveactuators is in electronically-controlledautomatic transmissions.

    Employment of electromagnetic actuatorshelps in reducing losses in the torqueconverter & control the clutch pressureduring the shifts.

    Leads to improved fuel economy & precisecontrol.

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    Normal air conditioners are engine-driven ,while electric air-conditioners are driven by3-phase brushless dc motor driven by a 3-phase MOSFET bridge.

    In EPS system, brushless dc motor is used toprovide steering assistance.

    In EHPS system, a brushless dc motor is used

    to drive the hydraulic steering pump. Leads to savings upto 80% energy.

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    Batteries

    Electrical Machines

    Power Electronic Circuits For ElectricalMachines

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    1. Alternators 2. Synchronous Machine with a Cylindrical

    Wound Rotor

    3.Induction Machine

    4.Switched Reluctance Machine

    5.Synchronous Reluctance Machine

    6.Permanent-Magnet & Hybrid Synchronous

    Machines 7.Axial-Aairgap Machines

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    If the output voltage of a machine can be controlled bycontrolling its machine excitation, then a diode bridge can beused to rectify the ac output voltage of the machine.

    In other cases an active bridge has to be employed. An activebridge controls the voltage applied to the battery pack by

    controlling the duty-ratios of the switches. Since there is no impedance between the machine & the

    battery pack to limit the current, & machine voltage doesntmatch with the battery pack under all conditions, power flowfrom the machine to the pack is associated with high-

    amplitude pulsed current, leading to high losses, high voltageripple & high levels of EMI. A filter can be used but it wouldbe large, as the frequency generated by the machine is low.

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    PRIUS INVERTERDEVELOPED BY TOYOTA

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    Power electronics is a key technology having asignificant impact on automotive systems. Theapplication of power electronics is not onlyleading to improvements in the performance of

    existing systems , but also enabling thedevelopment of new systems with new features.

    Power electronics is hence playing a leading rolein designing systems which meets the demand ofincreased electrical power , efficiency & reducedfuel emissions.

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    Power Electronics in Automotive Systems by IFTIKHAR A. KHAN,Senior member, IEEE.

    Automotive Power Electronics-opportunities & challenges-XingyiXu,IEEE

    J.L.Oldenkamp & D.M.Erdman, Automotive Electrically Driven AirConditioner System, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on

    Automotive Power Electronics, 1989. I.A.Khan, Battery Chargers For Electric & Hybrid Vehicles,

    Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on power electronics intransportation, 1994.

    J.V.Hellman & R.J.Sandel, Dual/High Voltage Vehicle ElectricalSystems, SAE paper.

    I.A.Khan, DC-to-DC Converters for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles ,Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics inTransportation, 1994.

    Internet.

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