power communicationssystems research groupopenuniversity 1 budapest university of technology and...

Power CommunicationsSystems Research GroupOpenUniversity

1

Budapest University of Technology and Economy

Research SeminarOctober 2006

Standardisation and Interoperability of the Technology and equipment for BPL

Systems


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Key Points of Talk

• Current Developments of BPL in the World

• Technical Restrictions and Limitations

• Committee’s Responsible for Improving BPL systems

• The way forward


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Key Committee Drivers For BPL• CISPR 22 ,I, Special committee for BPL

Measurement; Established October 2005• Three meetings so Far• European EMC Committee ;Code of

Practice for Measurements • Cenelec SC205A BPL systems• ETSI BPL• IEEE BPL committee: EMC:Safety:

Coupling• 6thFramework Programme “OPERA”


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PLC Generic Model

CPE

PC

Medium Voltage Grid(“Last Mile”)

Low Voltage(“Last 100m”)

High Voltage

In-Premise(“Last Inch”)

Phone(s)

Internet

Fibre Network

XmissionEquipment

pt to multi-pt

pt to pt

* CPE - Customer Premise Equipment

Backhaulnetwork


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Overhead PLT


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BKK,Bergen/SiemensViken,Oslo/ascom

EviCom,Malmö/ascomNesa,Kopenhagen/ascom

RWE,Essen/ascom

Novacom/EnBW,Budapest/SiemensEVN,Wien/ascom

EnBW,Ellwangen/Siemens

Avacon,Magdeburg/oneline

DIAX,Fribourg/ascom

Enel,Bologna/ascomEndesa,Barcelona/ascom

Endesa,Sevilla/DS2

EdP,Lisbon/ascom

EdF/mainnet

FT-Cnet,France/ascom

TIWAG,Fulpmes/ascom

CEGECOM,Luxembourg/ascom

LinaNET,Reykjavik/ascomLinanet/Siemens

MVV,Mannheim/Mainnet

PLC pilot projects in Europe

GEW,Köln/Siemens

EWEtel,Oldenburg/Siemens

Elforsk,Stockholm/mainnet

EAM,Kassel/Siemens

ESG,PPC, Linz/mainnet

EviCom,Malmö/Siemens

Vattenfall,Gotland/mainnet

EdF,Strasbourg/ascom

Union Fenosa/mainnet

SSW,Salzburg/Siemens

Enel,Florence/mainnet

Scottish & Southern Energy


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D – RWE, EnBW, MVV, onelineA - TIWAG, EVN, Stw. Salzburg, EVOCH - DIAX

Brasilien:CopelCemigInfoPaolo

Norwegen:Stadtwerke BergenSchweden:Sydkraft, BirkaEnergiFinnland – EVU-Verband

Argentinien(ascom)Chile(Endesa)

MalaysiaFibreComMultimedia-Ministerium

SpanienEndessaPortugalEdPItalienEnel

KuwaitITSQatarIsraelMainnet,ITRAN,elLine

ChinaProvinz Sechuan

Indianapolis, Boston

Island:LinaNetReykjavik Energy

KoreaKeyin

Worldwide PLC Activities

Südafrika(Siemens)

UK/SSE


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Frequency Spectrum Low Frequency Power Line

Transmission•USA: 50KHz to 450KHz(IEEE)

•Europe:3Khz to 148.5KHz(Cenelec50065)

•High Frequency Transmission•1MHz to 30MHz underground

•USA 1MHz to 80MHz for underground and overhead


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Deterministic

Communication System –ADSL; VDSL;Cable Modems

• Unique frequency specification• Characteristic impedance• Minimum noise• Constant bandwidth• Standard architecture• No common mode current and PotentialRadiated emission to cause interference


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PLT System Communication Non-Deterministic

• Unique frequency specification• Characteristic impedance• Minimum noise• Constant bandwidth• Standard architecture


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Leaky cables @1Mhz to 30Mhz

• At these frequencies not all the signal is transmitted down the cable-it leaks power

• So some of the high frequency signal emanates as electromagnetic radiation

• Hence power cables can be considered as linear antennas and

• Low efficiency


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In-House Communications

• Limited to inside buildings of all types;• Industrial • Commercial• Residential• Different electrical structures: single and

3 phase :Ring Main & Tree &Branch• wide range of services• Frequency range 1 to 30Mhz to80MHz


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Key Parameters for Investigation

• Investigation of Key parameters of Broadband Power Line Carrier communications

• Impedance of the power Line over the frequency range 3KHz to 30MHz

• Signal Injection Power: symmetrical and asymmetrical

• Conducted current • Common mode current –Potential for

Radiated emission from power line


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Key Parameters forInvestigation(2)• Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL)• Regression of signal • K Factor • Noise Floor measurements• Relationship between the Impedance of Line ,

LCL, with type of devices connected to the line.• Effects of network architecture on radiated

emission• Mechanisms for understanding emissions in

terms of these parameters


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Key Parameters for Investigations(3)

• Noise floor measurements for PLT , Cable systems and XDSL systems

• Inter-modulation products (IMP’s)

• Ingress and egress noise

• Variation of all these parameters with different frequency ranges


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Established Communication Services in the 1MHz to 30MHz

•Broadcasting Channels

•Amateur Radio

•Mobile Communications

•Distress frequencies

•Military communications

•Radio astronomy


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Sources of Interference • Noise caused by impedance mismatch

• Impulse noise ingress from electrical appliances

• Narrow band ingress from SW broadcast

• Attenuation of the network

• impedance variations

• general interference

• poor power quality


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Spectrum & Technologies

LOW FREQUENCY LOW FREQUENCY MEDIUM FREQUENCY

MEDIUM FREQUENCY

HIGH FREQUENCY HIGH FREQUENCY

30 kHz 300 kHz300 kHz 3 MHz3 MHz 30 MHz30 MHz

GROUND WAVEGROUND WAVE

SKY WAVESKY WAVE

SPACE WAVESPACE WAVE

ADSL 25 kHz - 1.1 MHzADSL 25 kHz - 1.1 MHz VDSL 1.1 - 30 MHzVDSL 1.1 - 30 MHz

DPL 1.1 - 30 MHzDPL 1.1 - 30 MHz


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ScopeIONOSPHEREIONOSPHERE

SKY WAVE3 - 30MHz

SKY WAVE3 - 30MHz

SUBURBANSUBURBAN RURALRURAL

LONDONLONDON

ROMEROME

SPACE WAVE0.1 - 30MHz

SPACE WAVE0.1 - 30MHz

GROUND WAVE0.1 - 3MHz

GROUND WAVE0.1 - 3MHz

NEAR FIELD Average UK groundAverage UK ground

0 km0 km 5 km5 km 200 km200 km 1500 km1500 km


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Physical structure of LV network

Conditioning Unit (CU)Conditioning Unit (CU)

LV networkLV networkLV networkLV network

Internal Internal mains mains networknetwork

Internal Internal mains mains networknetwork

Data portData portData portData port

CU

CU

SUBSTATIONSUBSTATION

• Underground & overhead distribution• Armoured cable• Conditioning units (CU) may be used

• Underground & overhead distribution• Armoured cable• Conditioning units (CU) may be used

NetworkNetwork

LV networkLV networkLV networkLV network

Data Data networknetworkData Data networknetwork

MV MV networknetworkMV MV networknetwork

Armoured CableArmoured Cable

Source: York EMC Services Ltd


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LN

Source Victim

50Ω 50µH

10

20

30

Attenuation, dB/30m

0.1 1 10

Coupling via the Mains Network

Frequency MHz

Distribution network

Mains only


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plc1

plc2

Equip1

inputMains cable

External mains interference

Conducted emissionthrough mains

Radiated emission

Mains cable

Mains cable

Radiated emission cable to cable

Radiated emission case to case

Mains cable

Electromagnetic radiated emission and coupling Interference

Conductio throughearth impedance


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-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Frequency [MHz]

Eq

uiv

alen

t E

lect

ric

Fie

ld [

dB

uV

/m @

3m

]UK MPT1570 (Pk)

EN55022 Class B (QPk)(Derived below 30MHz, Pk above 1GHz)

German NB30 (Pk)

Norwegian Proposal (Pk)

PLC Proposal (QPk)(Derived from FCC limits using 33dB/dec)

Guelleman Limit (QPk)

BBC Proposal (Pk)

- For comparison purposes limits scaled to 3m using 20dB/dec except PLC proposal 33dB/dec - For EN55022 the magnetic field is calculated from the telecom port common mode current limit using: H = I / 2.pi.r where r = 3m- H-field limits converted to E-field using the far field correction of 51.5 dB

Radiated Emission standards in the world


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An Electromagnetic Architecture

For “Manchester” City England

What Type of Electromagnetic architecture?• 5 Engineering universities• International airport

• Heavy Industry with machines and electrical systems including British Aerospace : Car Manufactures• Many small electrical engineering companies•All these contribute to the continous noise floor


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Conclusions and Forward

• More research into the EMC components of BPL

• More measurements throughout the World

• Investigation of cable types and age

• Greater Understanding of Power Requirements of system

• Keep In contact

power communicationssystems research groupopenuniversity 1 budapest university of technology and...

Documents

network slide

overhead slide

interference slide

overhead plt slide

bpl cispr

bpl measurement

economy research seminar

multipt pt