pOWER CORRELATIONXN A

MOLASSES-WATER SYSTEM USXNG

EIGHT-BLADED DISK TURBINE WITH

BAFFLED CONFIGURATION

BY

RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERXNG DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND

ENGINEERING TECHN~LOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGV~

MINNA

NIGER STATE, NIGERIA-

SEPTEMBER~

POWER CORRELATION IN A MOLASSES-WATER SYSTEM USING EIGHT-

BLADED DISK TURBINE WITH BAFFLED CONFIGURATION

BY

RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047~

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA

A Thesis Submitted

Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University

of lechnology, Minna.

award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Enq i nfi:~i:i:~t' :i. ng "

RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE

(BBl:!. 04'7)

DR" K.R. ONIFADE

~'3t.lI:;;'E.RV I HOH

DEPf·~HTI1EI\lr

"'~,,~ ,.)"!Y~~\t(.~~ -~ /'

, __ :,':." 'TE:F..: flL. Ex~~tvIII\tER

D{~'TE" .1+. \ ,j . [ ,,1. ) DAlE,,, ••• " " • " "

DEDICATION

This project work is dedicated to ALMIGHTY GOD, for HIS

glory, blesslngs, and wonders over me. My parents, Chief

(Alh.) Raheem Akande, Madam Akande Taiwo. and Chief Yekeen

'['/'"1"\("''''' f)ll· ... ·'tllt· .. f'·~!··· 1"1'1"'" t' 11'I'I~1' 'j,,'j '"~£"~. ,... "~I···i>:J·r-; • • • "1';:;" .. .1('".7, ... ..., ... .1 '"' >;I .... '. \oJ .l ...... d. .• il .t .1 ......... :) .. ~ \ ... I!;;;. ""-,t!\~:

ii

CERTIFICATION

I certify that this project research work - POWER

CORRELATION IN A MOLASSES - WATER SYSTEM USING EIGHT BLADDED

DISK TURBINE WITH BAFFLED CONFIGURATION - has beeen actually

carried out by RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047) under my

, .... , .......................................................... , ....................... . -.. "."~""., ...... ~., .. "-..... , ..... " ... " ..... ' .. ' ...... " .......... ,_ ....................................... - ............. , ..................... .

Supervisor's Signature

i U.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

10 God be the glory, great things He has done.

praises, honour and adoration goes to the Almighty God, the

pioneer an perfecter, for his protection,

provision throughout the duration of this rather lengthy

I wish to thank most sincerely my father, Chief CAlh.)

Chief Yekeen Iyanda and Mother, Mrs. Akande

Taiwo for their care, understanding and sacrlflces during

these l~,g years of academic sojourn. I know it has been

tedious and demanding but I appreciate everything that has

been done to make my dream a reality. The Almighty God,whom

we serve, will reward you abundantly.

to th'''.nk DI"' .. Kalawole Rasheed Onifade the

Acting Head of Chemical Engineering Department who was also

my project supervisor for his useful and wealthy ideas given

for the success of this work.

the staff members of the school of

<::'l.nd

lecturers in Chemical Engineering Department who imparted

the requisite knowledge towards obtaining my degree .. I thank

Odigure, Dr. Okpala. Dr.

Dr. Ohannomah, Dr. Aberuagba, Mr. Adeyinka, Mr.

Peter Ozernoyah. Mr. Olutoye, Mrs. Elizabeth and Mr. Richard

AI.ba whom imparted me with the needed knowledge. My sincere

funde Fasanyan H.O.D. Soil Science Department

Soil Science Department,

Agric and Agric Technology., for their assistance during the

experimental work.

I a~ greatly indebted to Owotutu family by and large,

(-\jan,-.;.ku Owotutu., O,iuta.)/~:? a.r"ld

ChiE~f (Enqnt'.) Bola Ajibola Afonja [Ex-Minister of labour

.:i~.nd pl·'ndl...I.c t i. v i. ty ~ Int(~I"'n.~t l.nna.l

financial and moral support. Prof. Wande Abimbola

( Ex V.C.,Obafemi Awolowo University. Ife,Osun State,Nigeria~

as well as Ex Speaker of House of Senate). Great thanks to

these people Adedapo 0 .. ,

Mustapha, Dr.Fola Oyetayo, Engnr. G.G. Salaam. Prince ala

Ajiboye,Adeniyi T.A. Ganiyu T.Adeleke, Adoga I.S.,Unobe

M.O, Edmond C.,Nabara Halimah Y.

i:~dede.i i I.~l.

1 wish to thank these people too Engnr. Johnson Saheed

[Niger Motors Divisional Technical Director), Engnr.

<A. J. Seward Divisional Technical Director),

U.t~"C. Trainee Manager ). En(';Int".

Manager of Van Leer Container Production Company,

Agboola(Deputy Director Hr.:)!. .. \"" i 1'1(;) o:~nd

Management N.E.C.,Area 10, Abuja.), and Mrs. Agboola.

"i'1...lnci(1.;

(.~\p"i';\.P,!\';i· 'J

E:: liS tat E'!

F:€':h]I"f!:?I';t,,\bly, it h:;; m::lt; P()f:":ll?Jibh:? to list the n,ames of

all those who have helped me or contributed in one way or

the other to reach this stage, however, I appreciate the

companionship of all my friends both at school and at home

and all other well wishers.

Finally, I have to sincerely thank myself! It was not

easy all these years. But I am grateful for the will power,

endurance, patience, perseverance and faith in the God that

I eXhibited throughout the course of this programme. The

struggle continues, however. I pray the Almighty Bod to

>:::1 t'.:;".n 1;

understanding and manifold mercies to go through the other

struggles of life.

MARANATHA!

RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE.

SI:::PTEMBI:::R, l':;)':?~:,1

iv

DECLARATION

I r.j,:\'~cl<'i:I,t·'e th.:;it thi .. ;; f.H"ojec{: 1"'>:'?POI"'t u; ;'l.f"l e.utl"\l?mtic:

report of my research and experimental work and that to the

best ot my knowledge it has not been precisely presented

elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.

All published and unpublished work used has been duly

acknowledged in the references.

N . fJ1j /;,err:'¥'!~A ~{:?".

RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE

NAME AND SIGNATURE OF STUDENT

(U

DE:D I cPlr I ON

CERTIFICATION • • II n 11 It (j i:d

{v)

TABLE OF CONTENTS . (v i)

L I~3T OF F IGUHE:S (\/ii.i) U II til" 1'1 U

CHAPTgEt ONE

< ~ rt " ~ " u a " U Q " ~ u 1

1..l

1.2 MIXING"AGITATION AND EMULSIFICATION

1.3 MIXING EQUIPMENTS

1.4 MIXING APPLICATIONS

RELEVANT FIELDS OF USAGES18

1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

CHAPTER TWO

2. :!. METERING OF MIXING FLUIDS

THE DESIGN OF A MIXING EQUIPMENT

FLOW PATTERNS IN STIRRED TANKS . . .

2.4 DEGREE OF MIXING AND CIRCULATION

POWER CONSUMPTION IN MIXING VESSELS

MIXING SYSTEM POWER CORRELATION I~ ::~;()

POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF MIXING IMPELLER

.. 40

EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS • q·o

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

3.3 RANGES OF VARIABLES USED IN EXPERIMENTAL WORK .. 43

DENSITY MEASUREMENT, .. "

VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT

4. .. ~ ... 9 R~§Yb .. I§ ...... aNp. ...... p.l§~ .. Y§§.lgN. ..

4 .. 1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ..

4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4 .. 3 REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESULTS

CI:I~f'TER_ ..... E .... I VI:;"

§ .. ~ ... 9. C.9NC.bY§19N§ ...... aNp. ..... .R~~.9r.1r.1~NPaIJ.gN§

CONCl...\.,Jf.3 I O!\!S

NOt .. !ENCI.. .. ~·\rUHE

PEFEHE:hICE:~::) I~ 1'1 11 11 1\ 11. ~I, l'

.. " " 44

.. 47'

II II n 11 r. u;

u. " 11 " 11 Ii " 1'1

LIST OF F16URE~

FIGURE i.OCa) CHART A~ SHOWING THE PRODUCTION

OF SUGAR AND MOLASSES II 11 i: b tl 11

FIGURE i.O(b) CHART B~ OPEN PAN SULPHITATION

(O.P.S). FOR WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION 4

FIGURE 1.0(c)CHART C:COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE

OF OLD AND IMPROVED OPEN PAN SULP~ITATION

(O.P.S)SUGAR PROCESSES TO PRODUCE

7 TONNES/DAY 'SUGAR

FIGURE 1.1 TYPICAL AGITATION PROCESSING VESSEL

FIGURE 1.2 MARINE-TYPE MIXING PROPELLER •• 1"/' " ,.'

FIGURE 1.3 PITCHED-BLADE TURBINE • • • • • t 7

FIGURE 1.4 ANCHOR TYPE PADDLE ..

FIGU~E 1.5 TURBINE IMPELLERS (FLAT BLADE.

DISC FLAT BLADE, ,SHROUDED. PITCHED CURVED

BLADE, PITCHED VANE PITCHED VANE) . . • • . . • . 17

FIGURE 1.6 SOLID BLENDING MIXERS (KNEADER.

EXTRUDER. MILLING ROLLS, MULLER MIXER.

RIBBON MIXER) . j • • • •

FIGURE 2.1 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION AND

DIMENSIONS OF A MIXING VESSEL ....••.•. 24

FIGURE 2.2 FLOW PATTERN IN VESSEL

WITH VERTICAL BAFFLES .

FIGURE 2.3(a and b' VORTEX FORMATION

AND CIRCULATION PATTERN IN AN

" " 1;1 II " 1/1 fl U "

FIGURE 2.3{c) and (d) OFF-CENTER PROPELLER

FIGURE 2.4(a) TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF

FIGURE 2.4(b) VELOCITY AT TIP OF

TURBINE IMPELLER BLADE ~I III !II III

FIGURE 3.1 ARMFIELD MIXING APPARATUS

FIGURE 3.2 HYDROMETER ••.•..

ABSTRACT

Power consumptien and mixing times are two important

determines the power consumption ef turbine impeller using a

system with baffle configuration.

Studies were carried out with the acrylic fully

transparent flat bottom cylindrical Armfield MiKing Vessel

of 286 mm internal diameter using MelBsses-Water system. 8-

bladed disk turbine was used at speeds of 100. 125, 150. and

200 t"'. p. m ..

liquid 1 Ei!Ve 1 C) l' ::~;O(i mm was maintained

throughout the study with molasses being 10%. 12.5%, 33.3%,

37.5%~ and 42.5% of the total liquid level (\/ /v > Inct"EH,1.sed

in agitation speed was feund te caused lncreased in power

con~Eump 1:; i em" and Freude numbers 'f C)t" tU.t'b i n~::l

agitator. The densities of the abeve melasses-water mixture

11 ~50 'I :!. 1.70. 1. t '.>'0

viscosities were 1.2. 1.43, 2.44, ( ).( 10 ..... ::1:

Ns/n~ ) respectively-

and the follewing fitted equations were obtained:

(a) Fer all the data, )

<. d) Fot" 1. (J"" <: Hi!:? <: 2 l{ 1.0':1. 'I

regressed because EDR and HDR have censtant values.

The first set of analysis was fer all the experimental

runs. The fitted equation obtained was:

The effect of Re and Fr was each statistically

significant at a confidence level of 0.09 and 0.01 %

respectively. The regressed square value was given as

0.94315 which show that Re and Fr account for 94.315 % of

the variability of Np and that the dependency between Np, Re

and Fr is linear. For the case of 10 4 < Re < lOB. the result

is the same as for the case of all data.

For Re < 2 x 10 4 • the fitted equation was:

Hence, the effect of Re and Fr was each statistically

significant at a confidence level of 0.17 and 0.02

respectively- Equally the regressed square value of this

model shows that 97.7 % of the variability of Np is

accounted fer by Re and Fr. The results for

104 < Re < 2 X 10 4 are the same as for Re < 2 x 104

•

xi