power electronics at the cable ends-siemens

Power Transmission and Distribution

s

Power Electronics at the Cable Ends

by Norbert Christl / SIEMENS AG, Germany High Voltage Division

High Voltage


Your Success is Our Goal 2

27-03-2006 Symposium

TU Eindhoven, NetherlandsPower Electronics at the Cable Ends

Two types of transmission applications:

- HVDC High Voltage DC Transmission + DC Cables

- FACTS & SVC Reactive Power Compensation + AC Cables

Two types of power electronic switches:

- controlled turn on switches (thyristors)

- controlled turn on/turn off switches (GTO, IGCT, IGBT, etc..)

Any combination of the above, but common requirement:

- multi-megawatt rating of switchs/converters- with forced cooling and air insulation

Economics dictate high voltage in excess of device ratings:

- requirement for multiple series connection

High Voltage





Power Transmission Systemswith Electronics

High Voltage



Siemens is Successful in the HVDC Business over more than 30 Years.

The Siemens Experience

GuG II2008GuG

2004

Ge-Nan1989

Etzenricht1993

Wien Sdost1993

Drnrohr1983

Neptune2007

Poste Chte.1984

Basslink

ESI2003

Thailand-Malaysia

2001

Moyle2001

Acaray1981

Lamar2005

Virginia Smith1987

Sylmar East1995

TSQ2000

Celilo

1997/2004

1975/1998Cahora Bassa

Nelson River

1977/2004

Welsh1995 2005



High Voltage





Id in one direction only

Magnitude of P or Idcontrolled depending on difference in terminal voltages (U1, U2)

Direction of P controlled depending on polarity of terminal voltages (U1, U2)

Characteristics

Equivalent Circuit

U1 U2PId R

Simplified Block Diagram

DCSystem

System 1 System 2

ACACACAC

Principle of HVDC Transmission

High Voltage





DC lineSystem 1 System 2

ACACACACLong Distance

Back-to-Back

System 1 System 2ACACACAC

DC cable

ACAC ACACSystem 2System 1

Sea Cable

Typical Applications for HVDC Transmission

High Voltage





Bipolar System : Operating Modes

Monopolar, metallic return

Bipolar Monopolar, ground return one DC line pole

Monopolar, ground return two DC line poles

High Voltage





T w o - T e r m i n a lMonopolar

Transmission LineTerminal A Terminal B

Bipolar

Transmission LineTerminal A Terminal B

Pole 1

Pole 2

High Voltage



Typical North Sea requirement > 200 km

DC - SystemAC - System Versus

Max. cable length No Limitations50 to 100 km

Frequency 50 Hz => 60 Hz60 Hz => 50 Hz

50 Hz => 50 Hz60 Hz => 60 Hz

Conclusions when to use HVDC- Transmission (1)

60 Hz => 50 Hz



High Voltage



Breakeven Depends onDifferent Parameters :

Rated Power

Length of Cable

Number of Systems

Loss Evaluation

Dielectric MaterialXLPE, Oil, Paper

Sea-/Land Cable

Costs

km Distance ofTransmission

HVAC HVDC

approx. 80 kmapprox. 50 mi

approx. 120 kmapprox. 75 mi

Cost Break Even of HVAC compared to HVDC Technology dependent on Transmission Distance

$ of Investment forHVDC Converters + HVDC CablesAC Substation + AC Cables



High Voltage



Comparison of 150 kV AC Cable with HVDC at 250 MWand 140 km Distance

150 kV AC

HVDC0 20 40 60

500

1000

1500Current Profile along Sea Cable

Length in km

A

m

p

l

i

t

u

d

e

C

u

r

r

e

n

t

i

n

A

,

r

m

s

0 20 40 60500

1000

1500Current Profile along Land Cable

Length in km

A

m

p

l

i

t

u

d

e

C

u

r

r

e

n

t

i

n

A

,

r

m

s

0 20 40 600.95

1

1.05

1.1Voltage Profile along Sea Cable

Length in km

A

m

p

l

i

t

u

d

e

i

n

p

u

0 20 40 600.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04Voltage Profile along Land Cable

Length in km

A

m

p

l

i

t

u

d

e

i

n

p

u

Offshore Onshore

O km 70 km 140 kmSea Cable Land Cable



High Voltage



HVAC-Transmissionwith XLPE Cables

HVDC- Transmission

150 kV (500 kV)

+ 150 kV ( 500 kV)

~=

OnshoreMain Grid

Oil RigsOffshore

~=

Technologies for Long Distance Offshore Transmission

Sending or Receiving Receiving or Sending



High Voltage



Self Commutated HVDC PLUS With IGBT Elements

150 kV

+ 150 kV

~=~=

There are two Technologies for DC Transmission

Line Commutated LCC HVDC With Thyristor Elements

+500 kV

-500 kV~= ~=

OnshoreMain Grid

Oil RigsOffshore

Sending or Receiving Receiving or Sending



High Voltage



Increased Energy Availability / Reliability:

Increase of Power / Reliability using Redundant Systems

HVAC (Pn = 100 %, Overload 150 %) HVDC (Pn = 100 %, Overload 150 %)

~=~

=

~=~=

Parallel Connection of Redundant Circuits (A)AC- Switchgear for Selection of Circuits (B)Inherent and/ or Short Time Overload Capability of each Circuit (C)

B B

A



High Voltage



DC lineSystem 1 System 2

ACACACAC

Long Distance

Frequency Converter

System 1

System 2

ACACACAC

DC cable

ACAC ACACSystem 2System 1

DC Cable

HVDC ClassicLine Commutated Converter Technology up to 3000 MW



High Voltage



+ 500 kV DC1000 A

- 500 kV DC1000 A

500 MW270-300 MVAr

500 MW270-300 MVAr

568 MVA2.3 kA

568 MVA2.3 kA

500/250/250 MVA2.0 kA

21 kV

21 kV

21 kV

21 kVFilter 50-80

MVArFilter 50-80

MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

O

f

f

s

h

o

r

e

1

0

0

0

M

W

G

e

n

e

r

a

t

i

o

n

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

4.0 kA

Line Commutated LCC 1000 MW HVDC Transmission System

HVDC Converter 1

HVDC Converter 2

Harmonic Filters

Harmonic Filters

500 MW

500 MW

OffshoreGeneration

ToCoast

Main Grid

500/250/250 MVA2.0 kA

P

P

P

P

150 kV



High Voltage



+ 500 kV DC1000 A

- 500 kV DC1000 A

500 MW270-300 MVAr

500 MW270-300 MVAr

568 MVA2.3 kA

568 MVA2.3 kA

500/250/250 MVA2.0 kA

13.8 kV

13.8 kV

13.8 kV

13.8 kVFilter 50-80

MVArFilter 50-80

MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

O

f

f

s

h

o

r

e

1

0

0

0

M

W

C

o

n

s

u

m

e

r

s

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

Filter 50-80 MVAr

4.0 kA

Line Commutated LCC 1000 MW HVDC Transmission System

HVDC Converter 1

HVDC Converter 2

Harmonic Filters

Harmonic Filters

500 MW

500 MW

OffshoreConsumption

ToCoast

Main Grid

500/250/250 MVA2.0 kA

P

P

P

P

500 MVA (Skmin = 2500 MVA)

SC

150 kV



High Voltage





6 DC Switchyard66

Pole 1

Pole 2

Controls, Protection, Monitoring

ACSystem 1 System 2

ACACACAC

11

1 AC Switchyard

22

ACfilter

2 AC Filters, Capacitors

33

3 Converter Transformers

44

4 Thyristor Valves

55

DCfilter

DCfilter 5 Smoothing Reactors

and DC Filters

High Voltage



250 MW Example Main Circuit Diagram

Station A DC Cable Station B

ab

c

d e f

g

a AC filterb Three winding transformer (YNyd)c HF-blocking filterd Two level VSC

e DC capacitorf DC filterg Grounding circuith DC reactor

h



High Voltage



Reactive Power Characteristics Voltage Sourced Inverters for HVDC Transmission

-1.0 1.0

1.0

p [pu]

qN [pu]inductive

qN [pu]

capacitive

-1.0

{Im}

IqN

IpN

VConV'N {Re}V

I

TransformerImpedance

V'N VConVN

VI

jXT

Reactive Power / Voltage Control with IGBTInverters



High Voltage



GTO /IGCT IGBT in PP IGBT Module

Two Level Three Level Multilevel Trends

Vac

Vac

M

+

Vd2

Vd2

Vac

M

+

Vd2

Vd2

VacVac

+

Vd2

Vd2 Vac

+

Vd2

Vd2

Vd2

Vd2

Vac

Vd2

Vd2

Vac

Vd2

Vd2

Vac

Vd2

Vd2

Vac

Conclusions when to use HVDC- Transmission (5)Trends and Developments for Voltage Sourced Converters

Less Space

Black Start

STATCOM

MTDC



High Voltage



Supply of Sub-Sea Installations by HVDC Plus forvariable Speed Drives

C&P Central ControlPower Supply & Communications NodeBattery Storage =

138 kVMain

Power

~=

+-HVDC Sea

Cable 150 km

Aux. Power

Shorelin

e

~=

UmbilicalConnecting

Cables~ 30m

Wet-matableROV-installed plug connector

Sub-Sea HVDC & Distribution Systems in Modular Units

+-

Wet-matable ROV-installed plug connectors

UmbilicalCables~20m

Pump 1Compressor 1

E

PowerConverter

E

ElectricalSubmarine

1Filter

Unit transformer

C M MP

ElectricalSubmarine

N

~

~~~=

E

UmbilicalCables~20m

UmbilicalCables~20m

UmbilicalCables~20m

=

~~

E E

Filter~~

=

~~ E E

Filter~~

=

~~

E E

Up to

==~ ~

C M MP C M MP

25 MW 25 MW

Pump 2Compressor 2 Pump NCompressor N



High Voltage



Classical HVDC HVDC PLUS

Power

DC-Voltage

Required short circuit power

Switching frequency

Losses per station pro Station

Black start capability

Physical size

Weight

Furthermore

. 3000 MW .300 MW

Comparison Between Classical HVDC and HVDC PLUS

50 .. 500 kV 50 .. 300 kV

grid frequency up to kHz-range

0,7 % 3 %

min 2 .. 3 x noof transmitted power restrictions

100% 50%

100% 80%

no yes

STATCOM function



High Voltage





Reactive Power CompensationVoltage Control

Stability Enhancementswith FACTS & Electronics

High Voltage





Definition of Reactive Power How do we get rid of it ?

Reactive Power

Real Power

High Voltage





NSPCBrushy Hill

(-20/120)

LADWPMead Adl. Marketpl.

(each -0/388)

SPSEddy Country

(-50/100)

ISAChin

(-150/250)

CHESFMilagres/Banabuiu

(-70/100)

CHESFFortaleza

(-140/200)

CHESFFunil

(-120/225)

NGCPelham / Harker / Centr.

(each 2 x -75/150)

ELSAMRejsby Hede

(-8/8)

GECOLZem Zem(-50/25)

PLNJember(-25/50)

ESKOMImpala / Athene / Illovo

(each -300/100)

ESKOMMuldersvlei(-150/200)

L. y F.Cerro Gordo

(-75/300)

C.F.E.La Pila

(-70/200)

ENELPOWERBom Jesus da Lapa

(-250/250)

ANDELimpio

(-140/200 MVAr)

ECNSWKemps Creek(2 x -100/150)

Shunt Compensation (SVC / MSC) References Turnkey Experience Worldwide

Note: All ratings in MVAr

E.ONSiems

(-100/200)

EntergyNine Mile & Porter

(each -0/300)

CONCOAhafo(-0/50)

TANESCOIringa & Shinjanga

(each -35/35)

SEASRadsted(-65/80)

MRCBSabah

2x(-60 / 60)

POWERLINKRefurbishment

of 10 SVCs

MSCSVC

High Voltage





FACTS Series Capacitor ReferencesSiemens has become a Major Player

SCEVincent 1, 2 & 3

3 TPSC 500kV, 401Mvar

SCELugo Substation

2 TPSC 500kV, 401Mvar

Hydro QuebecPoste Montagnais

3 FSC 765kV, 476Mvar

Shain AlusaMaraba Acailandia

2 FSC 500 kV 262 MVAr

CFE MexicoTecali Juile S/S


WAPA, KayentaTCSC & FSC

230kV, 2 x 165Mvar

Virgina PowerLexington & Valley S/S

FSC 500kV 355/505Mvar

CMC ChinaYangcheng S/S


CHESFSao Joao d Piaui

2 FSC 437 / 484 MVAr

SPSCHechi S/S


SPSCPinguo S/S

2 FSC 500kV, 350 Mvar2 TCSC 500kV, 65 Mvar

Abengoa/GenerAtacama S/S


FURNASSamambaia S/S

1 FSC 500kV, 252MvarIbiuna S/S

1 FSC 500kV 765Mvar

MOTRACOMozal Mosambique S/S1 FSC 400kV, 344MvarMozal South Africa S/S1 FSC 400kV, 535Mvar

EletronorteImperatriz & P. Dutra S/S


FURNASSerra da Messa S/S

1 TCSC 500kV, 107Mvar

SPC SichuanPuti S/S

3 FSC 500kV, 315 Mvar

ENTERGYDayton & Jacinto S/S1 FSC 230kV, 223Mvar

PowerGridTALA Project

2 FSC 400kV, 743 Mvar2 TCSC 400kV 112 Mvar

PowerGridLucknow

2 FSC 400kV, 475 Mvar

PowerGridGuddapah Gooty

4 FSC 400kV202 /182 Mvar

EVNDai Ninh S/S2 FSC 500kV,101 / 202 Mvar

High Voltage





Static Var Compensator (SVC)Typical SVC Configuration

LV bus bar

Fixed filter circuit

Thyristor controlledreactor

Thyristor switchedcapacitor

Control

Step-down transformer

HV

LV

High Voltage



FACTS - Dynamic Reactive Power AC Cables

Compensation / Reactive Compensation Onshore



High Voltage





FACTS Static VAr Compensator SVC 100 MVAr ind / 200 MVAr cap. 400 kV SIEMS Substation / Germany / E.ON Grid close to Kiel

High Voltage





1 series capacitor

2 thyristor valveas fast bypass - device

3 current limiting reactor

4 MOV

5 bypass circuit breaker

6 bypass damping reactor

7 platform disconnectswith grounding switch

8 bypass disconnectPLATFORM

87 7

1

4

32

6

5

High Voltage





Controllability of AC- SeriesImpedance of CSCC System

F

High Voltage





The Worlds First Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation230 kV Substation at Kayenta, Arizona, USA

High Voltage





Typical CSCC Thyristor Circuit on HVAC Platform

High Voltage





Combined HVDC Transmissionwith FACTS and SVC

Power Electronicsat Weak and Islanded

Systems

High Voltage



Electrical Strength of Distribution Systems -A Criterion for Selection Type of HVDC Transmission Systems

The Strength or Weakness of an Electrical System can be characterised by :

Effective Short Circuit Ratio (ESCR) Factor

which is defined :

ESCR =System Short Circuit MVA - Filter MVAr

Rated Transmitted DC Power in MW



High Voltage





Extremely Weak Weak Moderate Strong Strong

0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0

HG (line commutated, Thyristor Valves) VSC with IGBT

HG+ FACTS or CSCC or VSC

ESCR

VSC HVDC Plus HVDC Classical with Thyristor Valves

H

V

D

C

C

l

a

s

s

i

c

a

l

W

i

t

h

F

A

C

T

S

o

r

C

S

C

C

H

V

D

C

P

l

u

s

Example HVDC Classic

Pdn = 600 MWSkmin = 2000 MVAQfilter = 2x 113 MVArESCR = 2.956 ok

Example HVDC Classic

Pdn = 600 MWSkmin = 1000 MVAQfilter = 2x 113 MVArESCR = 1.290 ok

Example HVDC Classic+ CSCC Capacitor

Pdn = 600 MWSkmin = 1350 MVAQfilter = 2x 113 MVArESCR = 1.1.873 ok

Example for typical Short Circuit Levels

High Voltage





1000 MW HVDC Back to Back Tie Chateauguay, Canada , Hydro QuebecTwo SVC 12 pulse Systems at ESCR = 1.8 to New York/ USA

High Voltage





F

CapacitorCommutatedConverter (CCC)

ControlledSeriesCapacitor Converter(CSCC)

F

Other ManufacturersSIEMENS

Series CompensatedHVDC Transmission Systems (Principles)

High Voltage





TCSCFF

DT 12/2458 MVAr

DT 12/2458 MVAr

Cable

Example Control & Limitation of Temporary Overvoltageswith CSCC

ACSk,min

Comparison Load Rejection Voltage HVDC Conventional & CSCC

High Voltage





Reactive Power Compensation only for Filtering Required

High Voltage





Typical Arrangement Inverter HVDC with CSCC, Minimum Filters

2x 800 MW2x 425 MVAr

TCSC

F F

DT 12/2458 MVAr

DT 12/2458 MVAr

FF

DT 12/2458 MVAr

DT 12/2458 MVAr

TCSC

300 km OHLDouble Circuit Line

SCR = 1.5 - 2.0

AC-Grid

High Voltage





Power ElectronicBuilding Blocks

And Substation Equipment

High Voltage





HSTL TE

The thyristor level is the lowest hierarchy building block;it may also include a nonlinear reactor (not shown)

1 k

VS TL TL

The next higher level building block is the VS valve section

VS LG CD IS1 n/k

VS

Identical VS building blocks are combinedto make the complete valve

High Voltage





1967:

The first Siemens HVDC thyristorvalve was rated for 100kV d.c.

bridge voltage and alreadyincluded these modern features:

building blocks includingsix thyristor levels

liquid cooling

air insulation

High Voltage





High Voltage Thyristor Valve History Highlights

1967 First Test Valve: 2 parallel 35 mm Thyristors @ 1650 V

1969 World's First Contract for an HVDC System with Thyristor Valves2 parallel 35 mm thyristors @ 1650 V for 2000 A

1975 World's First Contract for Watercooled HVDC Thyristor Valves2 parallel 52 mm thyristors @ 3500 V for 2000 A

The Evolution of Thyristor Valves in HVDC

1980 World's First Contract for HVDC System with 100 mm Thyristorsno parallel thyristors @ 4200 V for 3600 A

1994 First HVDC Contract Using 8kV Thyristors100 mm thyristors @ 8000 V

1997 First Thyristor Valve with Direct-Light-Triggering100 mm thyristors with breakover protection @ 8000 V for 2000 A

2001 First complete HVDC System using Direct-Light-Triggered Thyristorswith integrated breakover protection @ 8000 V

2001 First 500kV, 3000 MW System with Direct-Light-Triggered Thyristors with integrated breakover protection and 8kV blocking voltage

High Voltage





LTT Light Triggered Thyristor Stacks for SVC Switch

The active portion of the switch is a straightforwardassembly of thyristors, heatsinks, and cooling water piping

High Voltage





14 kV 3-ph SVC Switch (Pelham, UK 1990s)

High Voltage





250 MW Group made from suspended Building Blocks (MoyleInterconnector, 2001)

High Voltage





267 kV Group Made from Building Blocks in Free Standing Configuration (Celilo CS, 2002) Pacific Intertie / USA

High Voltage



Conclusions when to use HVDC- Transmission up to 500 kV DC

High Voltage Direct Current = HVDC Transmission

Lower Costs (depend. on Spec. Conditions)

Optimized Energy Output (reduced losses)

Very fast Control of Power Flow

Narrow Rights of Way

No Need for common Frequency control

Stable Operation at Small Power Rating of Interconnection

Improvement of Dynamic Conditions

Transmission of Large Power (3000 MW)

Independent of AC system Frequency

Low Transmission Losses



High Voltage





Direct Light Triggered Thyristor (LTT)Simplifies Building Block by Integration

Electrical gate pulse amplifier, auxiliary power extraction andstorage, forward overvoltage protection circuits, and logic circuitsat the thyristor position are no longer required

High Voltage





IGBT Devices for VSC Converter Technology

Toshiba 4,5kV Press Pack IGBT appr. 800Aeff

Eupec 3,3kV Moduleappr. 800Aeff

Fuji 4,5kV Press Pack IGBT appr. 800Aeff

High Voltage



HVDC withLight TriggeredThyristor Valves

HVDC PLUSmit IGBT or IGCTValves

LTT Thyristor Valves

(L x W x H = 4500 x 2200 x 450mm

IGBT Valves

L x W x H = 1700 x 1500 x 600mm

Power Electronic Blocks for HVDC Transmission



High Voltage



HVDC Substation 2x 250 MW, Nordireland -Scottland



High Voltage



Footprint: 46 x 35 m

Height: 20 m

Example for 2x (100 150) MW HVDC PLUS Substation Topside Replacement by Offshore Converter Jacket



High Voltage



Example for 3x 250 MW HVDC PLUS Installation,Replacementof an old Topside Module by a new Offshore Converter

45 x 45 x 30 mW x B x HApprox. 5000 t



High Voltage





Operator AC- and DC Control System, TIAN GUANG HVDC Project

HVDC Control and Protection SystemReal Time Simulators (RTDS) for Off-Site Testing

High Voltage



Control and ProtectionFunctions and PerformanceProtection Zones



6 DC-Busbar Protection

6

5 Converter Protection

5

7 DC-Filter Protection

7

8 Electrode Line Protection9 DC-Line Protection

9

2 AC-Line Protection

2

3 AC-Filter Protection

3

1

1 AC-Busbar Protection

4

4

Converter Transformer Protection

High Voltage





LAN Master Clock

Pole Control and DC Protection

Measuring System

Fault Recorder

SU200

Station Control

RTDS

Control and ProtectionHardware

High Voltage



Control & ProtectionHuman- Machine- Interface

SIMATIC WinCC

Standard Pentium PCWindows NTOpen System Architecture

... Many installationsindustrial applications likeRoller Mills etc. worldwide



High Voltage



HVDC Transformer for Submarine HVDC Transmission500 MW Basslink, 295 km Australia TasmaniaHVDC Interconnector



High Voltage





HVDC Transformer for 2000 MW, 500 kV DC HVDC Tianshengqiao, Chine

High Voltage





500 kV HVDC Wall Bushing, 2000 A DC, BIL 1425 kV

High Voltage





Metallic Return Breaker with Oscillatory Circuit and MOV Absorber

High Voltage





500 kV DC Smoothing Reactor, Tianshengqiao , 2000 MW HVDC , China

High Voltage





Valve Hall Building for HVDC 500 kV DC2000 MW Talcher Bangalore , India

High Voltage





Triple tuned filter at Moyle Interconnetor Project

High Voltage





Active DC Filter at 500 kV Tian-Guang HVDC System

High Voltage





New Developments in HVDC Technology

Active Filters (3)

Installation of the active AC-Filter, 400 kV Substation Tjele (Denmark)

High Voltage



145 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear Junction Modules (2)Isolation, Grounding, and Measurement Equipment



High Voltage





Comparison of Converter Station Losses

Total converter station losses ( sending and receiving end) including transformers without cables for 350 MW Scheme

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Conv. HVDC VSC HVDC

L

o

s

s

e

s

i

n

k

W

Valve CoolingSR / Phase ReactorValvesAC/DC FiltersTransformer

High Voltage



Transmission System with State on the Art Technology and long Life Span (>25 years)

High Power Availability

100% power for 98,5% h/a

Total loss of power only once in 3 year for very few hours

Optimal Price to Cost Relation of Transmission System

very compact design which results in less investment for the offshore converter module

no rotating machines offshore required resulting in very low operation and maintenance costs

relatively small power loses for HVDC converters and DC cables

The HVDC Transmissions Systems highly fulfills HSE Standards for Applications of Oil & Gas Industry

Customer Benefits using HVDC




s

HVDC Transmission SystemsFuture Applications & Present Activities

High Voltage



Future Challenges for HVDC Power Transmission and Distribution

Electrical supply of off-shore Oil&Gas platforms

Reduction of CO2 and NOx emission Improvement of power availability Cost reduction

Coupling of weak or isolated grids

Connection of off-shore wind parks

Availability of large wind turbines Promotion of regenerative energy sources by government Environmental impact of on-shore installations

Power Trading in Deregulated Markets



High Voltage



HVDC Plus: HVDC Classics Younger Brother

Supply ofSmall Islands

Connection of Offshore Windparksto the Power System

Supply ofOil Rigs

Substitution of Overhead Lines

Enviromentally FriendlyDecentralized GenerationRemote power generation

Remote loads

Interconnections



High Voltage



Gas To Wire - HVDC Opportunities in Oil & Gas Industry

Source : SPE international / SPE Foundation

Consumer 3

Consumer 2

Consumer 1



High Voltage



C

D

A

B

HVAC Transmission SystemsHVDC Transmission Systems

AC-Substation50 Hz

Example for Offshore Grid Carribean Sea / Gulf of Mexico

Power Distribution,with 138 kV AC, 60 Hz



High Voltage



Offshore platform

Aux. power

Land cable

Seacable

Essential Characteristics:

Well-proven technology with new transmission task (long cable)

Minimal space requirement on platform in comparison to HVDC

Compensation of cable charging current necessary

Linking of subsystems platform/transmission system/power system

High cable losses (heating up of ground)

Investment costs significantly influenced by cable

HVAC Transmission for Offshore Oil & Gas Applications

R Reactive Power Compensation

R R RTransformer

230 kV AC

13.8 - 36 kV AC



High Voltage



HVDC Transmission for Offshore Oil & Gas Applications

New technology specially designed for the connection of platforms

Larger space requirement on platform in comparison to HVAC

STATCOM functionality on grids automatically provided if HVDC PLUS

De-coupling of subsystems platform/transmission system/power system - low cable losses, most losses in the converter stations

Essential characteristics:

Offshore platform

Converter Station B

Landcable

Aux. power

Converter Station A

~=

ACFilter

~=

ACFilter

Sea cable

230 kV AC

13.8 - 36 kV AC



High Voltage



9000 m

9000 m

The Future - Offshore Wind Park Installations

HVDC PLUS

4 x 250 MW Converters

4 x 250 MW DC Cables

+/- 150 kV DC, 800 -1000 A DC

D

r

.

R

a

l

f

B

e

r

g

m

a

n

n



High Voltage



Offshore AC Transmission System 170 kV, 350 MW, 130 km



High Voltage



AC- or DC Cable TerminalTo Offshore Power Barge

Future Technologies for Offshore Generation and Transmission of Electrical Power (1)Solutions up to 350 MW with AC- or HVDC PLUS

Electrical Power Transmission

- From Gas - & Oil Fieldswith Local Offshore Generation

- From Reloctable Power Plants

- Electrical Infeed to Islands

- To Islanded Remote Communities

- in Case Onshore GenerationPlant is not feasible (Space / ROW)

Cable Turret



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25 m45 m

6 m

2x 5 m

9 m

Each Deck Area approx. 1000 m2

Cable TurretFor Submarine Cable

Provisions for Electrical AC- or HVDC PLUS Substation

Cables

Electrical Power Barge

Future Technologies for Offshore Generation and Transmission of Electrical Power (2)Solutions up to 350 MW with AC or HVDC PLUS



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Future Technologies for Offshore Barge or Platform Module Generation and Transmission of Electrical Power (3)Solutions up to 800 MW with HVDC Classic Monopole

2

5

.

0

m

3

9

.

0

m

HVDC Cables

Smoothing Reactor Thyristor Valves Harmonic Filter and Switchgear, Cooling

AC-Distribution Cables

130,0 m

Control Systems, Aux. Power

Transformers Harmonic Filters



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Future Technologies for Offshore Barge or Platform Module Generation and Transmission of Electrical Power (4)Solutions up to 800 MW with HVDC Classic Monopole

39,0 m

2

5

,

0

m

Heat Exchangers for Cooling HVDC Converter Transformers

Thyristor Valves

Bushings

D

C

-

H

a

l

l



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Summary and Conclusions

HVDC Classic and HVDC PLUS with IGBT VSC Technology are attractive technical and economical Solutions

They are therefore the preferred Technology for the Connection of:

Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms

Islanded Grids with small or no own Power Generation Onshore

Offshore Wind Farms

Siemens can take the overall Responsibility to Design and built the most economical Transmission System with

- External Cable Partners

- Platform Manufacturers



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Thank You for Your Attention !

The Future for Offshore

HVDC Transmission withVoltage Sourced Converters



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Your questions, please!

HVDC and AC Solutions for Power Transmission

To Offshore Platforms



power electronics at the cable ends-siemens

Documents

hvdc transmission

distributionyour success

symposiumtu eindhoven

netherlandspower electronics

cable endsbipolar system

cable endsid

cable length

distributionspower electronics