power losses

7/27/2019 Power Losses

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Revolutionary Concept of Power management

For a clean and green planet…

With NO energy shortage…



Can India be energy surplus in two

years – remember the green

revolution?

Yes

Our strategies and focus can help India to:1. Become an energy surplus state within

two years with zero additional

generation.

2. Earn a very large number of Carbon

Points



India 2006 – The Power scenario

Power Shortage is a major problem for India -leads to compounded problems with Lowfrequency, tripping of generators and Load

shedding in nearly all parts of the country.

Poor power factor, a feature of poor qualityequipment, leads to low voltage. Use of equipments to correct voltage further compounds the problem.



India 2006 – The Power scenario,

contd. Power shortage/quality thus leads to large scale

use of Voltage Stabilisers, Inverters, Generators,UPS Systems, etc.

Such Electrical Equipments, which requireunwanted investments, in turn not only lead toenhanced shortage in the overall situation butalso cause air and soil pollution by burning of

coal, diesel, etc. Widespread use of lead-acid batteries in these

equipments further causes pollution of soil andwater.



What is the effect of Stabilisers?

Voltage Stabilisers don’t have efficiencies better than80%. While a 1.5 Tr AC consumes 2 units; its stabiliser consumes 0.4 units; it even consumes power if left ONwhen AC is OFF.

Assuming we have 10 Million ACs in India; on accountof stabilisers for ACs alone we lose around 4 millionunits, even during peak hours, which is double the

power generated by many large generating stations.

Assuming an AC runs for 5 hours in a day, this means aloss of 20 million units per day.



What is the effect of Inverters?

The average efficiency of the domestic inverters is

50% and unlike fuel-based generators, inverters

don’t generate power.

There is an estimated 50 million inverters being

used for domestic purposes each consuming say

250W/day or 0.25 units. The power drain by

inverters is thus to the tune of 12.5 million units.

Further, inverters use lead-acid batteries which

severely pollute the environment.



Other equipments-how they

affect

UPS systems being like inverters

cause power wastage and pollution

by use of lead-acid batteries.

Diesel/Kerosene gensets not only

cause pollution but also deplete

scarce natural resources.



Power Generation in India

The total installed capacity in the

country is 1,26,000 MW.

Assuming a plant load factor of 0.7,

the generation is 2,116.8 million

units/day.



Power loss – Pumps & Motors

Pumps/Motors consume roughly 20% of totalelectricity in India. An estimated 75% of this isconsumed by the pumps for agricultural sector

mainly for water/irrigation. The balance is for other motor applications.

Most Indian pumps operate at 33% efficiency whilemotors have an average efficiency of 40%. Thesecause heavy loss of electrical energy.

Taking usage of 4 units at 4 hours/day, theconsumption in this category is over 250 millionunits/day and the estimated loss is 160 millionunits/day.



Power Generated – How does it

flow? Where does it go?

Transmission System – 4% losses

Unavoidable Distribution

Losses - 15%

Pilferage -35% losses

29 units

Billed to consumer –

53 units

Energy usefully consumed –

42 units (max.)

100 units

96 units

82 units

Generating Station

20% loss



Pilferage

Pilferage (Power theft) in India is

responsible for the disappearance of

29% of electricity generated.

In energy terms this amounts to

613.87 million units/day.



Simple Mathematics –

No rocket science

Power Generation capacity: 1,26,000 MW

Power available/day: 2116.80 MU

Power con sum ed/day -Transmission line: 84.67 MU

Unavoidable distribution losses: 296.35 MU

Pilferage: 613.87 MU

Used by consumer (max.): 889.06 MU

Wasted by consumer (min.): 232.85 MUMU – Million units/day



Power Loss Summary Table

Equipment Power Inst. Base Loss Million Loss Loss Units/day (Cr. Rs./year)

Stabiliser 20% 10 Million 20.00 2,190.00

Inverter/UPS 50% 50 Million 12.50 1,368.75

Pumps 66% 11 Million 116.16 12,719.52

Motors 60% 5 Million 48.00 5,256.00

Others - - 36.19 3,962.81

Pilferage 29% - 613.87 67,218.77

Total=> 846.72 92,715.85



Investment at consumer and

national level

Each element of this loss means additional

equipment leading to mind-boggling capital

expenses by the Nation & the Consumer

PLUS

Higher energy costs and use of scarce fuel

resources.



Impact of wastage

At the national level all this wastage adds up

to 850 Million units/day against a capacity of

2,116.8 Million Units/day.

The cost of setting up a 1000 MW power

plant entails a capital cost of approx 5000

Cr. Considering a plant load factor of 0.7, itgenerates about 16.8 Million Units/day .

Transmission cost is another about 3000 Cr.



Cost of wastage

Wastage of 16.8 Million Units/day,

requires a capital outlay to the tune

of Rs. 8,000 Cr.

Wastage of 850 Million Units/day implies a

wasteful capital blockage of over Rs.

4,00,000 Crores with a recurring daily loss

of over Rs. 250 Cr. and an annual loss of over Rs. 90,000 Cr !



Delhi’s Power shortage woes

Delhi’s peak power requirement is 3268

MW. A mere shortage of 160 MW has

created havoc during July first week with

heavy load shedding in the city.

Further requirement stated is an additional

2000 MW to be added by 2010.

Hindustan Times in its article on 11.7.06

declares that Delhi’s problem can’t be

solved before 2010 in any case. Not true!



Are Delhi’s power problems big?

Delhi’s power requirements look

small in comparison to what we waste

by mismanagement of power.

Adding generation is slow and long

term as compared to power savingwhich can be done fast.



National Level Statistics-T&D

India has the reputation of having thehighest distribution losses in the worldwith a figure of nearly 47%, rankingabove Burma with 36 % losses andBangladesh at 33 %.

How do we bring these losses downand become an energy surplus Nation?



National Level Statistics-Generation

All India Peak Load requirement for 2006~07 is 1,30,944MW. Installed capacity is 1,26,000 MW.

For the 10th Five year plan the capacity is to be

enhanced by 34,000 MW. Powerful energy management ideas can thus yield

saving of over 40,000 MW (1MU/day translates to around60MW) placing us years ahead in our march to energyavailability, sufficiency and increased efficiency of natural resource management plus lower pollutions.

We can thus very comfortably realize the governmentsdeclared goal of total self sufficiency of power by year 2012, much earlier.



Detrimental Environmental/

Financial effects

Unwanted increase in emissions of smoke andgas from burning of coal.

Increased lead pollution from use of lead-acidbatteries in Inverters and UPS systems.

Increased emission of smoke and gas fromgensets on account of burning of diesel/kerosene to take care of power shortages.

Rapid depletion of resources like petroleum and

coal. Besides the higher tariffs which the consumer

pays, the country also loses valuable foreignexchange.



Is there a solution to all this wastage and chaos?

YES !

We have the solution….



Our Commitment

Whereas we are capable of achieving

savings of over 20,000 MW, we can help

save 5,000 MW in the first instance,provided a commitment is made to:

1. Implement the solutions nation-wide

2. Take care of our interests, commensuratewith the gains.

power losses

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