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SeaBattery™ Power Module

User’s Guide

DeepSea Power & Light 4033 Ruffin Rd., San Diego, CA 92123 USA Phone (858) 576-1261 Fax (858) 576-0219

E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.deepsea.com

DSPL Eng 730-001

Rev 07242009

i rev. 07242009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1

ABS TYPE APPROVED PRODUCT 1

CHARGING 2

CHARGERS 3

STANDARD CONNECTORS 3

DISCHARGING 3

INSPECTION 4

MOUNTING 4

BATTERY STORAGE 5

LIFE EXPECTANCY 5

SHIPPING 6

CUSTOMER MODIFICATIONS 6

SEABATTERY POWER MODULE WARRANTY 6

BATTERY REPLACEMENT 6

APPENDIX A: Wiring Diagrams for SeaBattery power module 6v, 12v, 24v, 48v

APPENDIX B: PowerSonic Maintenance Free Rechargeable Battery Application Manual

APPENDIX C: MSDS sheets for SeaBattery (batteries, oil, rotational molded plastic)

1 rev. 07242009

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Each molded orange polyethylene box contains multiple batteries in one of four configurations:

1. Two 12V-40AH batteries connected in parallel to provide 12V-80AH (SB12-80);

2. Two 12V-40AH batteries connected in series to provide 24V-40AH (SB24-40);

3. Four 12v-18Ah batteries connected in series to provide 48V-18Ah (SB48-18);

4. Three 6V-58Ah batteries connected in parallel to provide 6V-174Ah (SB06-174).

All batteries are maintenance-free rechargeable lead-acid cells which utilize Absorbent Glass Matt electrolyte. The non-liquid "suspended electrolyte" permits the batteries to be operated in any orientation without spillage or loss of capacity, and prevents electrolyte stratification which greatly reduces capacity. The battery boxes are filled with Drakeol 35 high purity white mineral oil to provide isolation from seawater and pressure compensation.

The batteries have low self-discharge characteristics, increasingly better at cold depths. The AGM technology produces a minimal gas buildup during normal charge and discharge cycles, eliminating the need for potentially problematic mechanical venting systems. Gas is manually vented through a valve molded into the diaphragm. The flexible urethane diaphragm is transparent, allowing the battery and interior wiring to be visually inspected without disassembly.

IMPORTANT:

1. A small gas bubble 2-3” in diameter under the diaphragm valve is normal. Manual venting is recommended when the bubble diameter exceeds about 6 in. (15 cm). (See “Venting,” Page 2.)

2. To ensure long life at rated capacity:

a) Do NOT overcharge. DO NOT EVER use an automotive type battery charger.

b) Store in charged condition at reduced temperature (-40 deg to 50 deg F), if possible. A float charger is recommended.

c) For maximum battery life, do not discharge battery below 75% of rated voltage.

d) Your SeaBattery Power Module should always be charged in an upright position to allow for gas to migrate out of the battery cells.

CAUTION: These batteries can deliver very high currents if shorted. Exposed male connector pins with applied power should be handled with extreme care; they can be easily shorted against any metal surface. If a short circuit persists for more than about a second, connectors and cabling may be destroyed and fire could result. ALWAYS verify polarity. Many devices can be damaged by reverse polarity. (See wiring diagrams below in “Standard Connectors”, and in Appendix.)

ABS Type Approved Product A SeaBattery power module with an embossed ABS-Type Approved Product logo (see below) on the lid is certified by DeepSea Power & Light to have been built to the design and production standards referenced in the ABS Certificate of Product Design Assessment (PDA) #09-HS434990/1-PDA (19June2009) and ABS Certificate of Manufacturing Assessment (MA) #SC1693747-X (25 June 2009). Copies of both Certificates are available on-line at DeepSea.com.

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CHARGING The battery should always be fully charged before use, and should be stored in a fully charged state (See “BATTERY STORAGE,” page 5).

The battery cells are of starved electrolyte construction, and produce very little, if any, gas while charging. However, once the battery is fully charged, a cell will start to produce gas if it continues to be charged. IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT NOT TO OVERCHARGE THE BATTERY. The evolution of gas that results from overcharging will slowly reduce the capacity of the cells by drying out the electrolyte. In an extreme case the diaphragm can be damaged by the pressure load caused by the trapped gas bubble.

To ensure many recharging cycles over the life of the cells, it is preferable to slightly undercharge them on each cycle. This is because one cell will usually achieve full charge before the others and a stream of gas bubbles will rise from that cell. If the battery is charged beyond this point, there may be some slow bubble formation after it is disconnected from the charger. This gas formation should stop within about an hour.

VENTING: Excess gas that accumulates can be vented easily by slowly and carefully loosening the chromed valve cap and bleeding the gas. Do NOT remove cap. Be careful to minimize loss of compensating oil. It is under slight positive pressure caused by the stretch of the urethane diaphragm.

Batteries should always be charged in an upright position. Charging in an inverted position may result in gas being trapped inside the cells. Keep a close watch on batteries during their first charge cycle after shipment or storage, or after a significant temperature change, by watching for bubbles flowing from the cells.

Do not exceed .25 x Ca amps charging current, where Ca is the amperage capacity of your SeaBattery Power Module. For example, to charge a 12v-80 amp hr battery, the maximum charging current should be less than .25 x 80 = 20 amps. Charge until a single cell starts venting and measure the battery voltage at that point. This is the reference battery voltage value for the fully charged state. This value will decrease over the life of the battery, and is also a function of temperature and of time after charge (voltage settling will occur shortly after disconnecting from charge).

NOTE: The SeaBattery Power Module should be charged with a constant voltage, current limiting charger (See “CHARGERS” next section.).

DO NOT USE AN AUTOMOTIVE TYPE BATTERY CHARGER. THIS TYPE OF CHARGER WILL OVERCHARGE THE BATTERY.

WARNING: SEVERE OVERCHARGING CAN RESULT IN FORMATION OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF EXPLOSIVE GAS WHICH MAY RESULT IN MECHANICAL RUPTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM AND/OR FIRE AND/OR EXPLOSION.

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CHARGERS A bench power source with current limited to .25Ca as calculated above can be used.

Specially designed battery chargers are available from DSP&L for each SeaBattery Power Module configuration. Contact DSP&L for further battery charger information. The following instructions apply to these chargers.

Once powered up and connected to the battery, the two red charger lights will turn on. The lower light indicates "power on" and "low rate" while the upper light indicates "high rate". When the battery reaches full charge the "high rate" light will go out. The "high rate" set point voltage will vary as a function of temperature and battery condition. It may have to be re-tuned as the battery ages, due to a natural decrease in battery capacity. Charging time depends on battery and charger capacity and on the initial state of charge.

If the charger is well-tuned, the battery should not produce gas during the charging cycle and the diaphragm valve may remain closed. The battery should be checked for gas production, especially toward the end of the charging cycle. If there is a stream of bubbles rising from one or more of the cells and the charger "high rate" light is still on, then the battery is being overcharged and the charger is incorrectly tuned (Contact DSP&L for charger tuning information).

Batteries may be charged either inside or outdoors. If a battery is being charged outdoors great care must be taken to protect the charger from rain or sea spray as the chargers are not weatherproof. Prolonged unprotected exposure to salt spray may damage the charger electronics. A large, heavy plastic bag can be used to cover and protect the charger.

STANDARD CONNECTORS A right angle diaphragm penetrator is installed in the SeaBattery Power Module diaphragm, and is molded to a 16 gage 4-conductor underwater power cable (SO 16/4 ) terminated with an Impulse IL4FS female 4-pin connector. The connector polarity is shown below.

FEMALE CONNECTOR PINOUT DIAGRAM (for all SeaBatteries)

#1 Ground

#2 + Volts

#3 + Volts

#4 Ground

DISCHARGING For optimal results, the SeaBattery Power Module should not be overly discharged. For maximum life of your SeaBattery Power Module, do not reduce the voltage below the minimum values shown (25% depth of discharge).

Nominal Voltage

Complete discharge is not advised, but batteries can usually be recovered by using a special charging

Minimal Voltage 48 36 24 18 12 9 6 4.5

1

2

4

3

4 rev. 07242009

procedure. If the battery is completely discharged and will not accept a charge, try initializing the charge with a higher voltage to induce current flow. When current is flowing, reduce the voltage. Refer to the "Recharge Methods" technical notes located in Appendix B. The SeaBattery Power Module may produce a small amount of gas in the discharge cycle, especially during rapid discharge. Before use, purge any significant bubbles from the SeaBattery Power Module case. A small amount of gas trapped under the diaphragm will not cause a problem; it will go into solution under pressure, and the flexibility of the diaphragm allows for limited expansion and contraction of volume. When the SeaBattery Power Module is brought to the surface, the depressurization will cause the compensating oil to foam. This is normal, and will form into a single bubble within about an hour, after which it should be purged. (See “Venting” above)

CAUTION: The SeaBattery Power Module is capable of discharging very high currents and must not be shorted. Cables and connectors can quickly be destroyed by the high current resulting from a short circuit.

INSPECTION The diaphragm should be filled so that the top of the urethane diaphragm is approximately 1-3/8” – 1-1/2” below the top of the box. In an emergency almost any type of oil can be used; oils that will not damage rubber are best, such as mineral oil (high viscosity is best), white oils, silicon oil, cooking oils, or any oil that will not solidify at low temperatures.

WATER INSIDE CASE: Unless completely flooded above the top of the battery, some water inside the case should not cause battery failure. A non-hardening marine grade gasket lubricant (e.g. AquaLube) is used between the case and the diaphragm to help the seals properly seat.

BOLT TIGHNESS: It is important that the bolts that secure the top to the case are tightened to the correct torque specifications.

The bolts around the perimeter of the box may loosen over time. Check the torques periodically. Tighten the center bolts on each side until the edge of the diaphragm begins to bulge at that point. Tighten the bolts down less at the corners of the box, thus maintaining a uniform bulge of approximately 1 mm between the top and the case. The factory torque settings are:

Center bolt on each side 100 in-lb (11.3 N·m) Surrounding bolts 100 in-lb (11.3 N·m) Corner bolts 50 in-lb (5.7 N·m)

If the bolts are too loose, the box will slowly leak oil. Over-tightening will cause deformation of the diaphragm; extreme over-tightening can cause the diaphragm to tear.

Inspect the SeaBattery Power Module after the first deployment, or after submersion to a significant depth. Water leakage has not been a common problem, check for water leakage by inverting the box and looking for water bubbles. Water can be drained from the case when in this position through the vent valve. After rough usage, always check for damage, loose bolts, and for debris, such as rocks, trapped between the case lid and the diaphragm.

MOUNTING The SeaBattery Power Module case is very durable, but it is heavy, and must be well secured. Often, a simple frame of angle stock around the base with a ratchet cargo strap over the top is sufficient. For a more

5 rev. 07242009

robust tie down, needed for extremely rough usage, such as a towed systems that might "crash" into the bottom, designers can consider a top frame of angle stock with tie rod pull downs.

DO NOT mount the SeaBattery Power Module so the clamp flange is bearing any weight. The weight of the battery may cause cold flow deformation of the plastic flange which can result in leakage.

Vibration resistance: The SeaBattery Power Module is inherently resistant to vibration. However, some SeaBattery Power Module owners take the added precaution of placing a solid 3/8” thick 80 Shore neoprene sheet under the SeaBattery Power Module case as a vibration and shock cushion.

BATTERY STORAGE Recommended Storage Temperature: -40C (-40F) to 10C (50F)

Storage at a low ambient temperature reduces the self-discharge rate. Higher temperatures will cause the battery to self-discharge more rapidly and produce excess gas, which should be vented.

NOTE: The SeaBattery Power Module should be recharged at least once every 6 months while in storage at room temperature. More frequent recharging is required when stored at higher temperatures. A float charger is recommended.

WARNING: When completely discharged, the electrolyte is reduced nearly to water. Avoid freezing conditions as the electrolyte can freeze and expand, damaging the plates in the SeaBattery Power Module cells.

After the last deployment or battery use, fully recharge the SeaBattery Power Module before storing. Although the battery can be used in any position, it should be stored upright. The battery case does not need to be disassembled for storage.

Check the battery periodically for excess gas production, and release any gas bubble. During extended storage at elevated temperatures, gas production may be more significant, so more frequent checking may be necessary. Any oil lost can be replaced prior to actual use.

Long term exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) can eventually cause some degradation in the mechanical properties of the urethane diaphragm. Avoid storing the SeaBattery Power Module in full sunlight for extended periods. Cover the battery for periods of exposure of longer than a week or two.

The plastic case is made of polyethylene which is impervious to most oils and solvents. The connectors are molded neoprene; contact with damaging oils or solvents (e.g. diesel oil or organic solvents) should be avoided. Similarly, do not use any organic solvent on the urethane diaphragm.

LIFE EXPECTANCY The SeaBattery Power Module life expectancy is approximately three years under normal use. Intermittent use combined with cold storage can increase battery life, while abuse, including deep discharging, can significantly shorten life expectancy. Contact DSP&L for applications that require continuous use and in-situ recharging.

There are three options for battery replacement:

1. Ship the SeaBattery Power Module back to DeepSea Power & Light where the batteries will be replaced and refurbished.

2. Order a new batteries from DSP&L and install them in-house.

6 rev. 07242009

3. While not recommended, emergency field replacement is possible; see “Field Replacement Procedure” (See page 6) for instructions.

SHIPPING The SeaBattery Power Module is classified as a dry cell type battery by the DOT and can be shipped by air freight if needed. Ground shipment, of course, is more cost effective but takes more time.

CUSTOMER MODIFICATIONS It is recommended that electrical penetrations be made through the urethane diaphragm, although successful penetrations have been made through the case. Holes cut through the diaphragm should be cut

SEABATTERY POWER MODULE WARRANTY

with a Cork and Rubber punch tool (circular knife), such as McMaster-Carr p/n 6122A12, rather than drilled. Drilling causes ragged hole edges which have a tendency to initiate tearing. Holes must be cut significantly undersize to maintain a tight seal during diaphragm stretch. For example, a ½” Dia hole is cut to fit a 3/4” Dia threaded wire feed through.

Customer modifications or field battery replacement voids the SeaBattery Power Module warranty.

DeepSea Power & Light certifies each SeaBattery Power Module to be made with the finest materials available, built to exacting manufacturing standards, and comprehensively tested before shipping. This attention to detail has made the SeaBattery Power Module a stable of the offshore industry for over 25 years. DeepSea Power & Light (DSPL) will replace any SeaBattery Power Module that is found to be defective in manufacture during a period of one year after receipt of delivery. Except for such replacement, the sale or any subsequent use of the SeaBattery Power Module is without warranty or liability.

DeepSea Power & Light will support its customers with test results, field experience, and engineering data relating solely to its product. Customers are solely responsible for determining the SeaBattery Power Module’s suitability for their application and integration into their system. The customer is directed to read the SeaBattery Power Module User’s Guide for recommended care and handling of the SeaBattery Power Module. No other warranty is stated or implied.

BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Field Replacement Procedure (recommended as an emergency procedure only) 1. Drain approximately 1/2 of the oil out of the SeaBattery Power Module. Remove the valve cap,

invert box and slightly inflate with compressed air. The mineral oil can be reused; keep it clean!

2. Remove the bolts securing the top to the battery box. Note the tightness of each bolt before removal. The bolts are tightest toward the middle of the frame and looser toward the corners. Bolt torques are: Center bolt = 100 in-lb (11.3 N·m); Surrounding bolts =100 in-lb (11.3 N·m); Corner bolts = 50 in-lb (5.7 N·m).

3. Remove the top of the battery box and the diaphragm. Note the blue-green marine grade lubricant present between the diaphragm and the battery box surfaces.

4. Pour out the remaining mineral oil into a clean, dry bucket. SAVE.

7 rev. 07242009

5. Disconnect the wires from the battery terminals. Carefully note how wires were run and connected. Compare to the appropriate wiring diagrams in Appendix A. When removing terminations, be careful not to short circuit the terminals during this process. A short circuit can be VERY dangerous.

6. Remove old batteries from the box. Removing some of the white plastic spacers may help.

7. Prepare new batteries for installation. The new batteries must be modified to allow oil to freely enter the individual cells. The following is our recommended field modification which offers satisfactory results while differing from the factory procedure.

a) Pry off top plastic plate that covers cell vents.

b) Secure rubber vent caps with 3M 5400 fast set adhesive or hot melt glue.

c) Slice tops of rubber vent caps in an X pattern.

d) Using funnel, partially fill each individual cell with oil to about half full.

8. Install new modified batteries in box. Connect the wires to the battery terminals following the note from Step 5 above. Compare to the appropriate wiring diagrams in Appendix A. When connecting terminations, be careful not to short circuit the terminals during this process. A short circuit can be VERY dangerous. Reconnect terminals to diaphragm feedthrough connector. Test voltage and polarity at connector.

9. Using funnel, COMPLETELY fill each individual cell with oil.

10. Clean the old lubricant off the urethane diaphragm and the battery box with Isopropyl alcohol.

11. Partially fill box with oil before final assembly.

12. Make sure the sealing surfaces are clean and oil free, and apply a bead of non-hardening marine grade lubricant (e.g. AquaLube) to the box surface, just outside the sealing ridge.

13. Reassemble diaphragm and box top, being careful not to pinch any wires.

14. Retighten frame bolts to previous torque specifications as noted in instruction 2.

Center bolt, each side = 100 in-lb (11.3 N·m);

Surrounding bolts = 100 in-lb (11.3 N·m);

Corner bolts = 50 in-lb (5.7 N·m).

Torque procedure:

a. Install center bolt on each side. Torque to 50 in-lbs (5.7 N·m).

b. Install corner bolts. Torque to 50 in-lbs (5.7 N·m).

c. Install surrounding bolts on each side. Torque to 50 in-lbs (5.7 N·m).

d. Tighten center bolts to 100 in-lbs (11.3 N·m).

e. Tighten surrounding bolts to 100 in-lbs (11.3 N·m).

f. Corner bolts remain at 50 in-lbs (5.7 N·m).

Diaphragm should not protrude beyond box edges more than 2-3 mm.

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15. Fill box with oil until the full to top of the valve stem. Physically pull up on the valve stem and fill with oil up to maximum height where top of urethane diaphragm is approximately 1-3/8” – 1-1/2” below the bottom surface of the box top.

16. Place seal cap on valve stem and release.

APPENDIX A Wiring diagrams for SeaBattery Power Module, 6v, 12, 24v, 48v

FEMALE CONNECTOR PINOUT DIAGRAM (for 6V SeaBattery)

1

2

4 3

--

-

++

+ - + - +

6V 6V 6V

Major Power 6V charger (mod charger per DSPL spec:“Major Power 6 Bolt Battery ChargerModification and Adjustment Instructions”)

#1 Ground (black)#2 +6 volts (white)#3 +6 volts (red)#4 Ground (green)

IMPULSE IL4FS

PowerSonic PS-6580 (typ.)

SeaBattery™ 6/174 Wiring and Connector pin-outRev 090407

1 42 3

- +CHARGER


1

2

4 3

--

++

- +

12V

- +

12V


IMPULSE IL4FS

PowerSonic PS-12400-NB (typ.)


1 42 3

- +CHARGER

Major Power 12V charger



1 42 3

- +CHARGER

Major Power 24V charger



IMPULSE IL4FS

1

2

4 3

--

++

- +

12V

- +

12V


1

2

4 3

--

++

- +

12V

- +

12V

- +

12V

- +

12V


IMPULSE IL4FS



1 42 3

- +CHARGER

Major Power 48V charger (mod charger per DSPL spec:“Major Power 48 Volt Battery ChargerModification and Adjustment Instructions”)

APPENDIX B PowerSonic Maintenance-Free Rechargeable Battery Application Manual

We’ve Got The Power.™

Features of Power-Sonic Sealed Lead Acid Batteries .................................................1

Battery Construction ........................................................................................................2

Theory of Operation ..................................................................................................3 & 4

Battery Capacity ........................................................................................................5 & 6

Battery Capacity Selector ................................................................................................7

Performance Data ............................................................................................................8 Discharge..................................................................................................................................8 OpenCircuitVoltage.................................................................................................................8 Temperature.............................................................................................................................9 ShelfLifeandStorage...........................................................................................................10 BatteryLife.......................................................................................................................10-11 OverDischarge.......................................................................................................................12

Charging ...........................................................................................................................12 ChargingTechniquesSummary............................................................................................13 ChargingCharacteristics........................................................................................................13 ChargingMethods..................................................................................................................13 ConstantVoltageCharging....................................................................................................14 ConstantCurrentCharging....................................................................................................15 Taper-CurrentCharging..........................................................................................................15 Overcharging..........................................................................................................................16 Undercharging........................................................................................................................16 ChargingforCycleOperation.................................................................................................16 ChargingforStandbyOperation............................................................................................16 Two-StepConstantVoltageCharging....................................................................................17 CharginginSeries..................................................................................................................17 CharginginParallel................................................................................................................18 TemperatureCompensation..................................................................................................18 TopCharging...........................................................................................................................18 ChargingEfficiency.................................................................................................................19

Important Do’s and Don’ts ............................................................................................20 Handling..................................................................................................................................20 Installation..............................................................................................................................20 Charging..................................................................................................................................21

Notes ................................................................................................................................22

Glossary ...........................................................................................................................24

Table of Contents

Sealed/Maintenance–FreeThevalveregulatedspillproofconstructionallowstrouble-freesafeoperationinanyposition.Thereisnoneedtoaddelectrolyte,asgasesgeneratedduringthechargephasearerecombinedinaunique“oxygencycle”.

Power-Sonicsealedleadacidbatteriescanbeoperatedinvirtuallyanyorientationwithoutthelossofcapacityorelectrolyteleakage.However,upsidedownoperationisnotrecommended.

Long Shelf LifeAlowself-dischargerate,uptoapproximately3%permonth,mayallowstorageoffullychargedbatteriesforuptoayear,dependingonstoragetemperatures,beforechargingbecomescritical.However, we strongly recommend that all batteries should be recharged within six months of receipt as it will enhance their long term life.

PleaserefertothisTechnicalManualandindividualbatteryspecificationsheetsformoredetails.

Design FlexibilitySamemodelbatteriesmaybeusedinseriesand/orparalleltoobtainchoiceofvoltageandcapacity.Thesamebatterymaybeusedineithercyclicorstandbyapplications.Over80modelsavailabletochoosefrom.

Deep Discharge RecoverySpecialseparators,advancedplatecompositionandacarefullybalancedelectrolytesystemensurethatthebatteryhastheabilitytorecoverfromexcessivelydeepdischarge.

EconomicalThehighwatt-hourperdollarvalueismadepossiblebythematerialsusedinasealedlead-acidbattery;theyarereadilyavailableandlowincost.

Easy HandlingNospecialhandlingprecautionsorshippingcontainers,surfaceorair,arerequiredduetotheleak-proofconstruction.PleaserefertothedeclarationofnonrestrictedstatusforD.O.T.andI.A.T.A.aslistedintheLiteraturesectionofourwebsite:www.power-sonic.com.

CompactPower-Sonicbatteriesutilizestateoftheartdesign,highgradematerials,andacarefullycontrolledplate-makingprocesstoprovideexcellentoutputpercell.Thehighenergydensityresultsinsuperiorpower/volumeandpower/weightratios.

Low Pressure Valve RegulatorsAllbatteriesfeatureaseriesoflowpressureone-wayreliefvalves.Thesevalvessafelyreleaseanyexcessiveaccumulationofgasinsidethebatteryandthenreseal.

High Discharge RateLowinternalresistanceallowsdischargecurrentsofuptotentimestheratedcapacityofthebattery.Relativelysmallbatteriesmaythusbespecifiedinapplicationsrequiringhighpeakcurrents.

Wide Operating Temperature RangePower-Sonicbatteriesmaybedischargedoveratemperaturerangeof-40°Cto+60°C(-40°Fto+140°F)andchargedattemperaturesrangingfrom-20°Cto+50°C(-4°Fto+122°F).

Rugged ConstructionThehighimpactresistantbatterycaseismadeofnon-conductiveABSplastic.Thecasematerialsimpartgreatresistancetoshock,vibration,chemicalsandheat.FlameRetardant(FR)batterycasesandlidsareavailablewheretheendapplicationdictates.

Long Service LifePS/PSHandPSGSeries:Haveadesignlifeofuptofiveyearsinstandbyapplications.Incyclicalapplicationsupto1,000charge/dischargecyclescanbeexpecteddependingonaveragedepthofdischarge.

PGSeries:Haveadesignlifeofupto10yearsinfloatapplications.

PleaseconsultthisTechnicalManualandproductspecificationstobecomeawareofthemanyfactorsthateffectproductlife.

Theinformationcontainedwithinisprovidedasaservicetoourcustomersandisfortheirinformationonly.Theinformationandrecommendationssetforthhereinaremadeingoodfaithandarebelievedtobeaccurateatthedate

compiled.Power-SonicCorporationmakesnowarrantyexpressedorimplied.

Features of Power-Sonic Sealed Lead Acid Batteries

POWER-SONIC Rechargeable Batteries �

� We’ve Got The Power.™

Battery Construction

Relief valveIn case of excessive gas pressure build-up inside the battery, the relief valve will open and relieve the pressure. The one-way valve not only ensures that no air gets into the battery where the oxygen would react with the plates causing internal discharge, but also represents an important safety device in the event of excessive overcharge.

Vent release pressure is between 2-6 psi; the seal ring material is neoprene rubber.

TerminalsDepending on the model, batteries come either with AMP Faston type terminals made of tin plated brass, post type terminals of the same composition with threaded nut and bolt hardware, or heavy duty flag terminals made of lead alloy.

A special epoxy is used as sealing material surrounding the terminals.

ElectrolyteImmobilized dilute sulfuric acid: H2S04.

SeparatorsPower-Sonic separators are made of non-woven glass fiber cloth with high heat and oxidation resistance. The material further offers superior electrolyte absorption and retaining ability, as well as excellent ion conductivity.

Plates (electrodes)Power-Sonic utilizes the latest technology and equipment to cast grids from a lead-calcium alloy free of antimony. The small amount of calcium and tin in the grid alloy imparts strength to the plate and guarantees durability even in extensive cycle service. Lead dioxide paste is added to the grid to form the electrically active material.

In the charged state, the negative plate paste is pure lead and that of the positive lead dioxide. Both of these are in a porous or spongy form to optimize surface area and thereby maximize capacity. The heavy duty lead calcium alloy grids provide an extra margin of performance and life in both cyclic and float applications and give unparalleled recovery from deep discharge.

Leakproof Design & Operational SafetyThe leak proof construction of Power-Sonic batteries has ensured that our batteries have been approved for shipment by air, both by D.O.T. and I.A.T.A. Copies of these approvals are available on our website: www.power-sonic.com.

U.L’s component recognition program for emergency lighting and power batteries lists Power-Sonic under file number MH20845

Case SealingDepending on the model the case sealing is ultrasonic, epoxy or heat seal.

ContainerCase and lid material is ABS, high impact, resin with high resistance to chemicals and flammability. Case and cover are made of non-conductive ABS plastic to UL94-HB or UL94 V-O.

This case has molded-in dividers for each 2 volt cell.


DischargeDuringthedischargeportionofthereaction,leaddioxide(PbO2)isconvertedintoleadsulfate(PbSO4)atthepositiveplate.Atthenegativeplatespongelead(Pb)isconvertedtoleadsulfate(PbSO4).Thiscausesthesulfuricacid(2H2SO4)intheelectrolytetobeconsumed.

Figure �: Chemical reaction when a battery is being discharged

ChargeDuringtherechargephaseofthereaction,thecycleisreversed.Theleadsulfate(PbSO4)andwaterareelectrochemicallyconvertedtolead(Pb),leaddioxide(PbO4)andsulfuricacid(2H2SO4)byanexternalelectricalchargingsource.

Figure �: Chemical reaction when a battery is being charged

Theory of Operation

Thebasicelectrochemicalreactionequationinaleadacidbatterycanbewrittenas:


Oxygen Recombination Toproduceatrulymaintenance-freebattery,itisnecessarythatgasesgeneratedduringoverchargearerecombinedinaso-called“oxygencycle”.Shouldoxygenandhydrogenescape,agradualdryingoutwouldoccur,eventuallyaffectingcapacityandbatterylife.

Duringcharge,oxygenisgeneratedatthepositiveandreactswithandpartiallydischargesthespongeleadofthenegative.Aschargingcontinuestheoxygenrecombineswiththehydrogenbeinggeneratedbythenegative,formingwater.Thewatercontentoftheelectrolytethusremainsunchangedunlessthechargingrateistoohigh.

Incaseofrapidgenerationofoxygenexceedingtheabsorbingcapacityofthenegativeplate,thepressurereliefvalvewillopentoreleaseexcessivegas.

Deep DischargePower-Sonicbatteriesareprotectedagainstcellshortingbytheadditionofabufferingagentthatensuresthepresenceofacidionseveninafullydischargedstate.Power-Sonicdefines“deepdischarge”asonethatallowsthebatteryvoltageunderloadtogobelowthecut-off(or“final”)voltageofafulldischarge.Therecommendedcutoffvoltagevarieswiththedischargerate.Table1showsthefinaldischargevoltagespercell.

Itisimportanttonotethatdeepdischargingabatteryathighratesforshortperiodsisnotnearlyassevereasdischargingabatteryatlowratesforlongperiodsoftime.Toclarify,let’sanalyzetwoexamples:

• Battery A – Dischargedatthe1Cratetozerovolts.“C”fora4AHbattery,forexample,is4amps.Fulldischargeisreachedafterabout30minuteswhenthebatteryvoltagedropsto1.5V/cell.Atthispoint,only50%ofratedcapacityhasbeendischarged(1Campsx0.5hrs=0.5CAmp.Hrs).Continuingthedischargetozerovoltswillbringthetotalamountofdischargedampere-hourstoapproximately75%becausetherapidlydecliningvoltagequicklyreducescurrentflowtoatrickle.Thebatterywillrecovereasilyfromthistypeofdeepdischarge.

• Battery B – Dischargedatthe0.01Cratetozerovolts.0.0ICfora4AHbatteryis40mA.Fulldischargeisreachedafter100+hourswhentheterminalvoltagedropsto1.75V/cell.Atthispoint,thebatteryhasalreadydelivered100%ofitsratedcapacity(0.01x100hrs=1CAmp.Hrs.).Continuingthedischargetozerovoltswillkeepthebatteryunderloadforafurtherperiodoftime,squeezingouteverybitofstoredenergy.Thistypeof“deep”dischargeissevereandislikelytodamagethebattery.Thesooneraseverelydischargedbatteryisrecharged,thebetteritschancestofullyrecover.

Theory of Operation

Discharge Current Final Discharge Voltage Per Cell

0.1Corbelow,orintermittentdischarge 1.75

0.17Corcurrentclosetoit 1.75

0.6Corcurrentclosetoit 1.70

From1Cto2Corcurrentclosetoit 1.50

3Corcurrentclosetoitandabove 1.37

Table �: Final discharge voltage per cell


Capacity

Thecapacityofabatteryisthetotalamountofelectricalenergyavailablefromafullychargedcellorcells.Itsvaluedependsonthedischargecurrent,thetemperatureduringdischarge,thefinal(cut-off)voltageandthegeneralhistoryofthebattery.

Table2showscapacitiesforvariousmultiplesofthe20-hourdischargecurrentforPS,PSHandPSGmodels.

Rated Capacity

20 Hour Rate 10 Hour Rate 5 Hour Rate 1 Hour Rate

Amps AH Amps AH Amps AH Amps AH

0.5 AH 0.025 0.50 0.045 0.45 0.08 0.40 0.30 0.300.8 AH 0.04 0.80 0.072 0.72 0.13 0.65 0.48 0.481.1 AH 0.055 1.10 0.10 1.00 0.19 0.95 0.68 0.681.4 AH 0.07 1.40 0.13 1.30 0.24 1.20 0.85 0.852.0 AH 0.10 2.00 0.19 1.90 0.34 1.70 1.24 1.242.3 AH 0.115 2.30 0.225 2.25 0.39 1.95 1.38 1.382.5 AH 0.125 2.50 0.22 2.20 0.40 2.00 1.50 1.502.8 AH 0.14 2.80 0.25 2.50 0.48 2.40 1.70 1.702.9 AH 0.145 2.90 0.26 2.60 0.49 2.45 1.80 1.803.2 AH 0.16 3.20 0.30 3.00 0.54 2.70 2.00 2.003.4 AH 0.17 3.40 0.33 3.30 0.58 2.90 2.20 2.203.5 AH 0.175 3.50 0.33 3.40 0.59 2.95 2.17 2.173.8 AH 0.19 3.80 0.35 3.50 0.64 3.20 2.40 2.404.5 AH 0.225 4.50 0.41 4.10 0.64 3.20 2.75 2.755.0 AH 0.25 5.00 0.43 4.30 0.80 4.00 3.00 3.005.4 AH 0.27 5.40 0.50 5.00 0.90 4.50 3.60 3.605.5 AH 0.275 5.50 0.54 5.40 0.95 4.75 3.70 3.706.0 AH 0.30 6.00 0.56 5.60 0.98 4.90 3.60 3.606.5 AH 0.325 6.50 0.61 6.10 1.10 5.50 4.03 4.037.0 AH 0.35 7.00 0.63 6.30 1.19 5.95 4.34 4.347.2 AH 0.36 7.20 0.70 7.00 1.30 6.50 4.60 4.608.0 AH 0.40 8.00 0.78 7.75 1.40 7.00 4.80 4.808.5 AH 0.425 8.50 0.81 8.10 1.50 7.50 6.50 6.509.0 AH 0.45 9.00 0.83 8.30 1.54 7.70 5.60 5.60

10.0 AH 0.50 10.00 0.93 9.30 1.70 8.50 6.20 6.2010.5 AH 0.53 10.50 0.98 9.80 1.87 9.35 6.82 6.8212.0 AH 0.60 12.00 1.15 11.50 2.10 10.50 7.30 7.3013.0 AH 0.65 13.00 1.22 12.20 2.30 11.50 8.00 8.0014.0 AH 0.70 14.00 1.30 13.00 2.50 12.50 8.45 8.4518.0 AH 0.90 18.00 1.70 17.00 3.20 16.00 11.10 11.1020.0 AH 1.00 20.00 1.85 18.50 3.40 17.00 12.40 12.4021.0 AH 1.05 21.00 2.00 20.00 3.70 18.50 13.00 13.0026.0 AH 1.30 26.00 2.40 24.00 4.40 22.00 16.10 16.1028.0 AH 1.40 28.00 2.62 26.20 5.00 25.00 18.60 18.6035.0 AH 1.75 35.00 3.30 33.00 6.20 31.00 25.00 25.0036.0 AH 1.80 36.00 3.35 33.50 6.12 30.60 22.30 22.3040.0 AH 2.00 40.00 3.80 38.00 6.70 33.50 24.00 24.0055.0 AH 2.75 55.00 5.10 51.00 8.80 44.00 30.60 30.6075.0 AH 3.75 75.00 7.20 72.00 13.60 68.00 47.00 47.00

100.0 AH 5.00 100.00 9.20 92.00 15.80 79.00 55.20 55.20110.0 AH 5.50 110.00 10.30 103.00 17.70 88.50 61.80 61.80140.0 AH 7.00 140.00 13.50 135.00 24.00 120.00 84.00 84.00210.0 AH 10.50 210.00 20.00 200.00 36.00 180.00 168.00 168.00

Table �: Capacities for various multiples of the �0-hour discharge current - PS, PSH and PSG models.

Capacity

Capacity,expressedinampere-hours(AH),istheproductofthecurrentdischargedandthelengthofdischargetime.Theratedcapacity(C)ofaPower-Sonicbattery(PS,PSHandPSG-Series)ismeasuredbyitsperformanceover20hoursofconstantcurrentdischargeatatemperatureof20°C(68°F)toacutoffvoltageof1.75volts/cell.

Asanexample,modelPS-610,witharatedcapacityof1.1AHwilldeliver55mA(1/20of1.1AH,or0.05C)for20hoursbeforethevoltagereachesanendvoltageof5.25volts.

Bycyclingthebatteryafewtimesorfloatchargingitforamonthortwo,thehighestlevelofcapacitydevelopmentisachieved.Power-Sonicbatteriesarefullychargedbeforeleavingthefactory,butfullcapacityisrealizedonlyafterthebatteryhasbeencycledafewtimesorbeenonfloatchargeforsometime.

Whenabatterydischargesataconstantrate,itscapacitychangesaccordingtotheamperageload.Capacityincreaseswhenthedischargecurrentislessthanthe20hourrateanddecreaseswhenthecurrentishigher.

Rated Capacity

20 Hour Rate 10 Hour Rate 5 Hour Rate 1 Hour Rate

Amps AH Amps AH Amps AH Amps AH

28.0 AH 1.50 30.00 2.80 28.00 5.10 25.50 18.60 18.60

35.0 AH 1.80 36.00 3.50 35.00 6.50 32.50 27.00 27.00

42.0 AH 2.25 45.00 4.20 42.00 7.20 36.00 25.20 25.20

56.0 AH 3.00 60.00 5.60 56.00 9.50 47.50 33.00 33.00

65.0 AH 3.53 70.60 6.50 65.00 11.20 56.00 39.00 39.00

75.0 AH 4.00 80.00 7.50 75.00 12.90 64.50 45.00 45.00

92.0 AH 4.90 98.00 9.20 92.00 15.80 79.00 55.20 55.20

103.0 AH 5.55 111.00 10.30 103.00 17.70 88.50 61.80 61.80

124.0 AH 6.45 129.00 12.40 124.00 21.30 106.50 74.40 74.40

144.0 AH 7.70 154.00 14.40 144.00 24.08 120.40 84.00 84.00

153.0 AH 8.30 166.00 15.30 153.00 26.30 131.50 91.80 91.80

210 0 AH 11.30 226.00 21.00 210.00 36.10 180.50 126.00 126.00

Table �: PG-Series batteries, by industry convention, are rated at their �0 hour rate.

Table3showscapacitiesforvariousmultiplesofthe20-hourdischargecurrentforPGmodels.



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DischargeDuringdischargethevoltagewilldecrease.ThegraphsinFigure4illustratethisfordifferentdischargeratesandambienttemperatures.“C”istheratedcapacityofabattery:“C”formodelPS-61O(6V–1.1AH)is1.1AH.Byconventiontheratingofnearlyallsealed-leadacidbatteries,isbasedona20-hour(0.05C)dischargerate.ForlargerbatteriesusedfortelecomandlargeUPSsystems(ourPG-Series)theconventionistousea10-hourrate(0.1C).

AnimportantfeatureofPower-Sonicbatteriesisshowninthedischargecurves;namely,thevoltagetendstoremainhighandalmostconstantforarelativelylongperiodbeforedecliningtoanendvoltage.

Open-Circuit VoltageOpencircuitvoltagevariesaccordingtoambienttemperatureandtheremainingcapacityofthebattery.Generally,opencircuitvoltageisdeterminedbythespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.Dischargingabatterylowersthespecificgravity.TheopencircuitvoltageofaPower-Sonicbatteryis2.16V/cellwhenfullychargedand1.94V/cellwhencompletelydischarged.

AsseeninFigure4,underload,thebatterycandeliverusefulenergyatlessthan1.94V/cell,butaftertheloadisremovedtheopencircuitvoltagewill“bounceback”tovoltagesshowninFigure5,dependentuponresidualcapacity.

Figure �: Discharge Characteristic Curves at �0°C (��°F)

Figure �: Open-Circuit Voltage Characteristics

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Term

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TemperatureActualcapacityisafunctionofambienttemperatureandrateofdischarge.At20°C(68°F)ratedcapacityis100%.Thecapacityincreasesslowlyabovethistemperatureanddecreasesasthetemperaturefalls.Evenat-40ºC(-40°F),however,thePower-Sonicbatterywillstillfunctionatbetterthan30%ofitsratedcapacitywhendischargedatthe20-hourrate(0.05C).Atanyambienttemperature,thehighertherateofdischarge,thelowertheavailablecapacity.ThisrelationshipisshowninFigure6.

Power-Sonicbatteriesmaybedischargedattemperaturesrangingfrom-40°Cto60°C(-40°Fto140°F)andchargedattemperaturesfrom-20°Cto50°C(-4°Fto122°F).

Whileraisingambienttemperatureincreasescapacity,italsodecreasesusefulservicelife.Itisestimatedthatbatterylifeishalvedforeach10°C(18°F)abovenormalroomtemperature.

Performance Data

Figure �: Relationship between current and discharge time for different ambient temperatures

Figure �: Effect of Temperature on Capacity

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Temperature (°C)

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�0 We’ve Got The Power.™

Performance Data

Shelf Life & StorageLowinternalresistanceandspecialalloysintheelectrodesassurealowselfdischargerateand,consequently,alongshelflife.Ifkeptat20°C(68°F),about60-70%ofthenominalcapacityremainsafteroneyearofstorage.Duetotheself-dischargecharacteristicsofthistypeofbattery,itisimperativethattheybechargedwithin6monthsofstorage,otherwisepermanentlossofcapacitymightoccurasaresultofsulfation.

Therateofselfdischargevarieswiththeambienttemperature.Atroomtemperature(20°C(68°F))itisabout3%permonth.Atlowtemperaturesitisnearlynegligible;athigherambienttemperaturesselfdischargeincreases.Toobtainmaximumbatterylifeandperformance,batteriesshouldberechargedassoonaspossibleaftereachuseandnotstoredinadischargedstate.Ifpossiblebatteriesshouldbestoredat20°C(68°F)orlower,andrechargedeverysixmonthswhennotinuse.

Battery LifeCyclicUse:Thenumberofcharge/dischargecyclesdependsonthecapacitytakenfromthebattery(afunctionofdischargerateanddepthofdischarge),operatingtemperatureandthechargingmethod.

Figure 8: Self Discharge Characteristics

Figure �: Relationship between depth of discharge and number of cycles as well as increases of capacity during the early cycles.

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POWER-SONIC Rechargeable Batteries ��

Performance Data

Battery Life (continued)StandbyUse:Thefloatservicelife,orlifeexpectancyundercontinuouscharge,dependsonthefrequencyanddepthofdischarge,thechargevoltage,andtheambienttemperature.Atafloatvoltageof2.25Vto2.30V/cellandanambienttemperatureof20°Cto25°C(60°Fto77°F)Power-Sonicbatteriesshouldlastfourtofiveyearsbeforethecapacitydropsto60%ofitsoriginalrating.

ThegraphinFigure11showslifecharacteristicsinfloat(standby)serviceforambienttemperaturesrangingfrom15°Cto55°C(60°Fto130°F).Ifprevailingambienttemperaturesarewellabove20°Cto25°C(68°Fto77°F)thelifeexpectancyofthistypeofbatteryinfloatservicedependsgreatlyontemperaturecompensatedcharging.Thetypicaltemperaturecoefficientis2mV/cell/20°Candunder.

Figure �0: Indicates how capacity changes over time.

Figure ��: Service life at various ambient temperatures

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Over DischargeTooptimizebatterylife,itisrecommendedthatthebatterybedisconnectedfromtheload(eitherelectronicallyormanually)whentheendvoltage-afunctionofthedischargerate-isreached.Itisthevoltagepointatwhich100%oftheusablecapacityofthebatteryhasbeenconsumedorcontinuationofthedischargeisuselessbecauseofthevoltagedroppingbelowusefullevels.ThefinaldischargevoltagespercellareshowninTable1(Page4).

Dischargingasealedlead-acidbatterybelowthisvoltageorleavingabatteryconnectedtoaloadwillimpairthebattery’sabilitytoacceptacharge.Topreventpotentialoverdischargeproblems,voltagecutoffcircuitsasshowninFigure12maybeused.

Figure ��: Circuits of Over-Discharge Preventative Device

ChargingDependableperformanceandlongservicelifedependuponcorrectcharging.Faultyproceduresorinadequatechargingequipmentresultindecreasedbatterylifeand/orunsatisfactoryperformance.Theselectionofsuitablechargingcircuitsandmethodsisasimportantaschoosingtherightbatteryfortheapplication.

Power-Sonicbatteriesmaybechargedbyusinganyoftheconventionalchargingtechniques:

• ConstantVoltage • ConstantCurrent • Taper-Current • TwoStepConstantVoltage

Toobtainmaximumservicelifeandcapacity,alongwithacceptablerechargetimeandeconomy,constantvoltage-currentlimitedchargingisrecommended.

TochargeaPower-SonicSLAbattery,aDCvoltagebetween2.30voltspercell(float)and2.45voltspercell(fast)isappliedtotheterminalsofthebattery.Dependingonthestateofcharge,thecellmaytemporarilybelowerafterdischargethantheappliedvoltage.Aftersometime,however,itshouldleveloff.

Duringcharge,theleadsulfateofthepositiveplatebecomesleaddioxide.Asthebatteryreachesfullcharge,thepositiveplatebeginsgeneratingdioxidecausingasuddenriseinvoltageduetodecreasinginternalresistance.Aconstantvoltagecharge,therefore,allowsdetectionofthisvoltageincreaseandthuscontrolofthecurrentchargeamount.

Additionalinformationregardingchargingmethodscanbefoundonpages13through19.


Charging

Charging CharacteristicsDuringconstantvoltageortapercharging,thebattery’scurrentacceptancedecreasesasvoltageandstateofchargeincrease.Thebatteryisfullychargedoncethecurrentstabilizesatalowlevelforafewhours.Therearetwocriteriafordeterminingwhenabatteryisfullycharged:(1)thefinalcurrentleveland(2)thepeakchargingvoltagewhilethiscurrentflows.

Charging MethodsSelectingtheappropriatechargingmethoddependsontheintendeduse(cyclicorfloatservice),economicconsiderations,rechargetime,anticipatedfrequencyanddepthofdischarge,andexpectedservicelife.Thekeygoalofanychargingmethodistocontrolthechargecurrentattheendofthecharge.

Figure ��: Typical charge characteristics for cycle service where charging is non-continuous and peak voltage can be higher.

Figure ��: Typical characteristics for standby service type charge. Here, charging is continuous and the peak charge voltage must be lower.


Charging

Constant Voltage Charging ConstantvoltagechargingisthebestmethodtochargePower-Sonicbatteries.Dependingontheapplication,batteriesmaybechargedeitheronacontinuousornon-continuousbasis.InapplicationswherestandbypowerisrequiredtooperatewhentheACpowerhasbeeninterrupted,continuousfloatchargingisrecommended.Non-continuouscyclicchargingisusedprimarilywithportableequipmentwherechargingonanintermittentbasisisappropriate.

Theconstantvoltagechargemethodappliesaconstantvoltagetothebatteryandlimitstheinitialchargecurrent.Itisnecessarytosetthechargevoltageaccordingtospecifiedchargeandtemperaturecharacteristics.Inaccuratevoltagesettingscauseover-orunder-charge.Thischargingmethodcanbeusedforbothcyclicandstandbyapplications.

Figure ��: Constant voltage charging circuit

Figure ��: Constant voltage charging characteristics


Charging

Constant Current Charging Constantcurrentchargingissuitedforapplicationswheredischargedampere-hoursoftheprecedingdischargecycleareknown.Chargetimeandchargequantitycaneasilybecalculated,howeveranexpensivecircuitisnecessarytoobtainahighlyaccurateconstantcurrent.Monitoringofchargevoltageorlimitingofchargetimeisnecessarytoavoidexcessiveovercharge.

Whilethischargingmethodisveryeffectiveforrecoveringthecapacityofabatterythathasbeenstoredforanextendedperiodoftime,orforoccasionaloverchargingtoequalizecellcapacities,itlacksspecificpropertiesrequiredintoday’selectronicenvironment.

Taper-Current Charging Thismethodisnotrecommendedasitissomewhatabusiveofsealedleadacidbatteriesandcanshortenservicelife.However,becauseofthesimplicityofthecircuitandlowcost,taper-currentchargingisextensivelyusedtochargemultiplenumbersand/orforcycliccharging.

Whenusingataper-currentchargerthechargertimeshouldbelimitedorachargingcut-offcircuitbeincorporatedtopreventovercharge.Pleasecontactourtechnicaldepartmentifyouneedassistancewiththis.

Inataper-currentchargingcircuit,thecurrentdecreasesinproportiontothevoltagerise.Whendesigningataperchargeralwaysconsiderpowervoltagefluctuations.Inthiseventtheinternalresistancedropwillconverttoheat.Heatgeneratedbythecircuitshouldbemeasuredandifrequiredaheatsinkshouldbeincorporatedinthedesign.

Figure ��: Taper-current charging characteristics for this type of basically unregulated charger.

Figure ��: Taper-current charging circuit


Overcharging Asaresultoftoohighachargevoltageexcessivecurrentwillflowintothebattery,afterreachingfullcharge,causingdecompositionofwaterintheelectrolyteandprematureaging.

Athighratesofoverchargeabatterywillprogressivelyheatup.Asitgetshotter,itwillacceptmorecurrent,heatingupevenfurther.Thisiscalledthermalrunawayanditcandestroyabatteryinaslittleasafewhours.

Undercharging Iftoolowachargevoltageisapplied,thecurrentflowwillessentiallystopbeforethebatteryisfullycharged.Thisallowssomeoftheleadsulfatetoremainontheelectrodes,whichwilleventuallyreducecapacity.

Batterieswhicharestoredinadischargedstate,orleftontheshelffortoolong,mayinitiallyappeartobe“opencircuited”orwillacceptfarlesscurrentthannormal.Thisiscausedbyaphenomenoncalled“sulfation”.Whenthisoccurs,leavethechargerconnectedtothebattery.Usually,thebatterywillstarttoacceptincreasingamountsofcurrentuntilanormalcurrentlevelisreached.Ifthereisnoresponse,eventochargevoltagesaboverecommendedlevels,thebatterymayhavebeeninadischargedstatefortoolongtorecover.

Ifinanydoubt,orifconceptsofproperuseandcareareunclear,pleaseensurethatyoucontactPower-Sonic’stechnicaldepartment.

Charging for Cycle OperationCyclicapplicationsgenerallyrequirethatrechargingbedoneinarelativelyshorttime.Theinitialchargecurrent,however,mustnotexceed0.30xCamps.Justasbatteryvoltagedropsduringdischarge,itslowlyrisesduringcharge.Fullchargeisdeterminedbyvoltageandinflowingcurrent.When,atachargevoltageof2.45±0.05volts/cell,thecurrentacceptedbythebatterydropstolessthan0.01xCamps(1%ofratedcapacity),thebatteryisfullychargedandthechargershouldbedisconnectedorswitchedtoafloatvoltageof2.25to2.30volts/cell.Thevoltageshouldnotbeallowedtoriseabove2.45±0.05volts/cell.

Charging for Standby OperationStandbyapplicationsgenerallydonotrequirethatthebatterybechargedasfastorasfrequentlyasincycleoperation.However,thebatterymustbekeptconstantlychargedtoreplacetheenergythatisexpendedduetointernallossanddeteriorationofthebatteryitself.AlthoughtheselossesareverylowinPower-Sonicbatteries,theymustbereplacedattheratethebatteryselfdischarges;atthesametimethebatterymustnotbegivenmorethantheselossesoritwillbeovercharged.Toaccomplishthis,aconstantvoltagemethodofchargingcalled“floatcharging”isused.

Therecommendedconstantfloatvoltageis2.25-2.30voltspercell.Maintainingthisfloatvoltagewillallowthebatterytodefineitsowncurrentlevelandremainfullychargedwithouthavingtodisconnectthechargerfromthebattery.ThetricklecurrentforafullychargedbatteryfloatingattherecommendedchargevoltagewilltypicallyhoveraroundtheO.OO1Crate(1OmAfora10AHbattery,forexample.)

Thefloatchargerisbasicallyaconstantvoltagepowersupply.Asincyclechargers,caremustbeexercisednottoexceedtheinitialchargecurrentof0.30xCamperes.

Charging

Caution! Never charge or discharge a battery in a hermetically sealed enclosure. Batteries generate a mixture of gases internally. Given the right set of circumstances, such as extreme overcharging or shorting of the battery, these gases might vent into the enclosure and create the potential for an explosion when ignited by a spark.


Charging

Two-Step Constant Voltage ChargingThismethodusestwoconstantvoltagedevices.Intheinitialchargephasethehighvoltagesettingisused.Whenchargingisnearlycompleteandthechargevoltagehasrisentoaspecifiedvalue(withthechargecurrentdecreased),thechargerswitchesthevoltagetothelowersetting.Thismethodallowsrapidchargingincycleorfloatservicewithoutthepossibilityofovercharging,evenafterextendedchargingperiods.

Charging in Series Lead-acidbatteriesarestringsof2voltcellsconnectedinseries,commonly2,3,4or6cellsperbattery.StringsofPower-Sonicbatteries,upto48voltsandhigher,maybechargedinseriessafelyandefficiently.However,asthenumberofbatteriesinseriesincreases,sodoesthepossibilityofslightdifferencesincapacity.Thesedifferencescanresultfromage,storagehistory,temperaturevariationsorabuse.

Fullychargedbatteriesshouldneverbemixedwithdischargedbatterieswhencharginginseries.Thedischargedbatteriesshouldbechargedbeforeconnection.

Whenasingleconstantvoltagechargerisconnectedacrossanentirehighvoltagestring,thesamecurrentflowsthroughallcellsinthestring.Dependingonthecharacteristicsoftheindividualbatteries,somemayoverchargewhileothersremaininaslightlyunderchargedcondition.

Tominimizetheeffectsofindividualbatterydifferences,usebatteriesofthesameage,amphour,andhistoryand,ifpossible,chargeinstringsofnogreaterthan24or48volts.

Figure ��: Dual stage current limited battery charger.

Figure �0: Two-step constant voltage charging characteristics.


Charging

Charging in Parallel Power-Sonicbatteriesmaybeusedinparallelwithoneormorebatteriesofequalvoltage.

Whenconnectedinparallel,thecurrentfromachargerwilltendtodividealmostequallybetweenthebatteries.Nospecialmatchingofbatteriesisrequired.Ifthebatteriesofunequalcapacityareconnectedinparallel,thecurrentwilltendtodividebetweenthebatteriesintheratioofcapacities(actually,internalresistances).

Whenchargingbatteriesinparallel,wheredifferentratiosofchargearetobeexpected,itisbesttomakeprovisionstoassurethatthecurrentswillnotvarytoomuchbetweenbatteries.Holdingasmallresistanceinserieswitheachbatteryisallthatisneeded.

Temperature CompensationPower-Sonicbatteriesperformwellbothatlowandhightemperatures.Atlowtemperatures,however,chargeefficiencyisreduced;attemperaturesabove45°C(113°F),chargeefficiencyincreasessorapidlythatthereisadangerofthermalrunawayiftemperaturecompensationisnotprecise.

Theeffectoftemperatureonchargevoltageislesscriticalinfloatapplicationsthanincyclicuse,whererelativelyhighchargecurrentsareappliedforthepurposeofshortrechargetimes.

Temperatureeffectsshoulddefinitelybeconsideredwhendesigningorselectingachargingsystem.Temperaturecompensationisdesirableinthechargingcircuit,especiallywhenoperatingoutsidetherangeof5°Cto35°C(41°Fto95°F).Thetemperaturecoefficientis-2mV/cell/ºCbelow20°C(68°F)infloatuseand-6mV/cell/ºCbelow20°Cincyclicuse.Forhighertemperaturesthechargevoltageshouldbecorrespondinglydecreased.

Top ChargingAllbatterylosecapacitythroughself-discharge,itisrecommendedthata“topupcharge”beappliedtoanybatterythathasbeenstoredforalongperiodoftime,priortoputtingthebatteryintoservice.

Tosuccessfullytopchargeabatterystoredformorethan12months,theopencircuitvoltagemustbehigherthan2.0voltspercell,inthiscase,alwaysconfirmopencircuitvoltagepriortoattemptingtopupcharging.

Ambient Charge Voltage Per Cell

Temperature Cyclic Use (V) Float Use (V)

-40°C(-40°F) 2.85–2.95 2.38–2.43

-20°C(-4°F) 2.67–2.77 2.34–2.39

-10°C(14°F) 2.61–2.71 2.32–2.37

0°C(32°F) 2.55–2.65 2.30–2.35

10°C(50°F) 2.49–2.59 2.28–2.33

20°C(68°F) 2.43–2.53 2.26–2.31

25°C(77°F) 2.40–2.50 2.25–2.30

30°C(86°F) 2.37–2.47 2.24–2.29

40°C(104°F) 2.31–2.41 2.22–2.27

50°C(122°F) 2.25–2.35 2.20–2.25

Table �: Recommended charge voltages for different temperatures.


Charging EfficiencyThechargingefficiency(η)ofabatteryisexpressedbythefollowingformula:

Thechargingefficiencyvariesdependinguponthestateofchargeofthebattery,temperatures,andchargingrates.Figure21illustratestheconceptofthestateofchargeandchargingefficiency.AsshowninFigure22.Power-Sonicbatteriesexhibitveryhighchargingefficiency,evenwhenchargedatlowchargingrates.

Charging

Figure 21: Charge efficiency vs. state of charge.

Char

ge E

ffici

ency

State of Charge (%)

Figure 22: Charge efficiency vs. charging current.

Char

ge E

ffici

ency

Charging Current (xCA)

�0 We’ve Got The Power.™

Important Do’s and Don’ts

Power-Sonicrechargeablesealedlead-acidbatteriesaredesignedtoprovideyearsofdependableservice.Adherencetothefollowingguidelineswillensurethatbatterylifeismaximizedandoperationistrouble-free.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Itisimportantthatyoufamiliarizeyourselfwiththesepriortohandling,installinganddisposingofallbatteries.IfthereareanyquestionsraisedfromthesepleasecontactPower-Sonic’stechnicaldepartment.

Handling

•Alwayswearinsulatedgloveswhenhandlingbatteries;especiallywhenconnectingseriesandparallelgroupsofbatteries.

•FollowallprecautionsasdescribedinourMaterialsSafetyDataSheets(MSDS).Thisinformationissubjecttochangedependingupongovernmentlegislation.Visitourwebsite:www.power-sonic.comforup-to-datecopiesofthese.

•Ifequipmentistobestoredforalongperiodoftimethebatteriesshouldbedisconnectedtoavoidunduedrainonthebatteriesandanypotentialfordamagetotheequipment.

Installation

•Fastenbatteriestightlyandmakeprovisionsforshockabsorptionifexposuretoshockorvibrationislikely.

•Wheninstallingthebatterywithinapieceofequipment,fixitsecurelyatthelowestpracticablepoint.

•Thebatteryshouldnotbeattachedtoanypieceofequipmentduring“burn-in”testing.

•Donotapplyundueforcetotheterminalsorbendthem.Avoidapplyingheattotheterminalsthroughprocessessuchassoldering.

•Ifsolderingtothebatteryterminalsisunavoidableitmustbeaccomplishedwithin3seconds,usingasolderingironnogreaterthan100watts.

•Donotplacebatteriesincloseproximitytoobjectswhichcanproducesparksorflames,anddonotchargebatteriesinaninvertedposition.

•Avoidexposingbatteriestoheat!Careshouldbetakentoplacebatteriesawayfromheat-emittingcomponents.Ifcloseproximityisunavoidable,provideventilation.Servicelifeisshortenedconsiderably’atambienttemperaturesabove30°C(86°F).

•Topreventproblemsarisingfromheatexchangebetweenbatteriesconnectedinseriesorparallel,itisadvisabletoprovideairspaceofatleast0.4”(10mm)betweenbatteries.

•Donotmixbatterieswithdifferentcapacities,differentagesorofdifferentmakes.Thedifferenceincharacteristicswillcausedamagetothebatteriesandpossiblytotheattachedequipment.

•BatterycasesandlidsmadeofABSplasticcansustaindamageifexposedtoorganicsolventsoradhesives.

•Forbestresultsandgenerallyacceptableperformanceandlongevity,keepoperatingtemperaturerangebetween-40°C(-40°F)and60°C(140°F).

•Itisgoodpracticetoensurethattheconnectionsarere-torquedandthebatteriesarecleanedperiodically.

•Donotattempttodisassemblebatteries.Contactwithsulfuricacidmaycauseharm.Shoulditoccur,washskinorclotheswithliberalamountsofwater.Donotthrowbatteriesintoafire;batteriessodisposedmayruptureorexplode.Disassembledbatteriesarehazardouswasteandmustbetreatedaccordingly.


Important Do’s and Don’ts

Charging

•Batteriesshouldnotbestoredinadischargedstateoratelevatedtemperatures.Ifabatteryhasbeendischargedforsometime,ortheloadwasleftonindefinitely,itmaynotreadilytakeacharge.Toovercomethis,leavethechargerconnectedandthebatteryshouldeventuallybegintoacceptcharge.

•Continuousover-orunderchargingisthesingleworstenemyofalead-acidbattery.Cautionshouldbeexercisedtoensurethatthechargerisdisconnectedaftercyclecharging,orthatthefloatvoltageissetcorrectly.

•AlthoughPower-Sonicbatterieshavealowself-dischargeratewhichpermitsstorageofafullychargedbatteryforuptoayear,itisimportantthatabatterybechargedwithin6monthsafterreceipttoaccountforstoragefromthedateofmanufacturetothedateofpurchase.Otherwise,permanentlossofcapacitymightoccurasaresultofsulfation.Toprolongshelflifewithoutcharging,storebatteriesat10°C(50°F)orless.

•AlthoughitispossibletochargePower-Sonicbatteriesrapidly,i.e.in6-7hrs.itisnotnormallyrecommended.Unlimitedcurrentchargingcancauseincreasedoff-gassingandprematuredrying.Itcanalsoproduceinternalheatingandhotspotsresultinginshortenedservicelife.Toohighachargecurrentwillcauseabatterytogetprogressivelyhotter.Thiscanleadto“thermalrunaway”andcandestroyabatteryinaslittleasafewhours.

•Caution:Neverchargeordischargeabatteryinanairtightenclosure.Batteriesgenerateamixtureofgasesinternally.Giventherightsetofcircumstances,suchasextremeoverchargingorshortingofthebattery,thesegasesmightventintotheenclosureandcreatethepotentialforanexplosionwhenignitedbyaspark.Generally,ventilationinherentinmostenclosuresissufficienttoavoidproblems.

•Whenchargingbatteriesinseries(positiveterminalofonebatteryisconnectedtothenegativeterminalofanother)theinterconnectingcablesmustallbeofequallengthandresistancetoinsureequalizationoftheload.Allbatteriesinthestringwillreceivethesameamountofchargecurrent,thoughindividualbatteryvoltagesmayvary.

•Whenchargingbatteriesinparallel(positiveterminalsareconnectedtothepositiveterminalandnegativeterminalstothenegative),allbatteriesinthestringwillreceivethesamechargevoltage,butthechargecurrenteachbatteryreceiveswillvaryuntilequalizationisreached.

•Highvoltagestringsofbatteriesinseriesshouldbelimitedtotwenty6voltorten12voltbatterieswhenasingleconstantvoltagechargerisconnectedacrosstheentirestring.Differencesincapacitycancausesomebatteriestooverchargewhileothersremainunderchargedthuscausingprematureagingofbatteries.Itis,therefore,notadvisabletomixbatteriesofdifferentcapacities,make,orageinaseriesstring.

•Tominimizetheeffectsofcellorbatterydifferences,chargethestringin24voltbatterygroupsthroughaconstantcurrentsourcewithzenerdioderegulationacrossindividualbatteriesorbatterygroups.

•Rechargetimedependsonthedepthoftheprecedingdischargeandtheoutputcurrentofthecharger.Todeterminetheapproximaterechargetimeofafullydischargedbattery,dividethebattery’scapacity(amp.hrs)bytheratedoutputofthechargercurrent(amps)andmultiplytheresultingnumberofhoursbyafactorof1.75tocompensateforthedecliningoutputcurrentduringcharge.Iftheamountofamp.hrs.dischargedfromthebatteryisknown,useitinsteadofthebattery’scapacitytomakethecalculation.


Notes


Glossary

Active MaterialTheactiveelectro-chemicalmaterialsusedinthemanufactureofpositiveandnegativeelectrodes.

Ambient TemperatureTheprevailingsurfacetemperaturetowhichabatteryisexposed.

AmpereUnitofmeasurementforelectriccurrent.

Ampere-HourTheproductofcurrent(amperes)multipliedbytime(hours).Usedtoindicatethecapacityofabattery.AlsoAmp.Hr.orA.H.

BatteryTwoormorecellsconnectedtogether,mosttypicallyinseries.

CUsedtosignifyachargeordischargerateequaltothecapacityofabatterydividedbyonehour.ThusCfora1600mAhbatterywouldbe1.6A.C/5forthesamebatterywouldbe320mAandC/10wouldbe160mA.

CapacityTheelectricalenergyavailablefromacellorbatteryexpressedinampere-hours.

• Available capacity:ampere-hoursthatcanbedischargedfromabatterybasedonitsstateofcharge,rateofdischarge,ambienttemperature,andspecifiedcut-offvoltage.

• Rated capacity (“C”):thedischargecapacitythemanufacturerstatesmaybeobtainedatagivendischargerateandtemperature.

• Capacity fade:thelossofcapacityduetoinadequaterecharging.

CellThebasicbuildingblockofabattery.Thenominalvoltageofalead-acidcellis2volts.

• Cell reversal:theactofdrivingacellintoreversepolaritybyexcessivedischarge.

• Primary cell:cellorbatterythatcanbedischargedonlyonce.

• Secondary cell:theprocessisreversiblesothatcharginganddischargingmayberepeatedoverandover.

ChargeTheconversionofelectricalenergytochemicalenergy;theprocesswhichrestoreselectricalenergytoacellorbattery.

• Charge retention:abattery’sabilitytoholdacharge.Itdiminishesduringstorage.

• Charge acceptance:quantifiestheamountofelectricchargethataccumulatesinabattery.

• Float charge:maintainsthecapacityofacellorbatterybyapplyingaconstantvoltage.

Charge (Continued) • Trickle charge:maintainsthecapacityofacellorbatteryby

applyingasmallconstantcurrent. • Charge equalization:bringsallofthecellsinabatteryor

stringtothesamestateofcharge.

Closed Circuit Voltage TestAtestmethodinwhichthebatteryisbrieflydischargedataconstantcurrentwhilethevoltageismeasured.

Cutoff VoltageThefinalvoltageofacellorbatteryattheendofchargeordischarge.

CycleAsinglechargeanddischargeofacellorbattery.

Deep CycleAcycleinwhichthedischargecontinuesuntilthebatteryreachesit’scut-offvoltage,usually80%ofdischarge.

Direct Current (DC)Thetypeofelectricalcurrentthatabatterycansupply.Oneterminalisalwayspositiveandtheotheralwaysnegative.

DischargeTheprocessofdrawingcurrentfromabattery.

• Deep Discharge:thedischargeofacellorbatterytobetween80%and100%ofratedcapacity.

• Depth of Discharge:theamountofcapacity-typicallyexpressedasapercentage-removedduringdischarge.

• Self Discharge:thelossofcapacitywhilestoredorwhilethebatteryisnotinuse.

• Self Discharge Rate:thepercentofcapacitylostonopencircuitoveraspecifiedperiodoftime.

DrainThewithdrawalofcurrentfromabattery.

ElectrodePositiveornegativeplatecontainingmaterialscapableofreactingwithelectrolytetoproduceoracceptcurrent.

ElectrolyteConductsionsinacell.Leadacidbatteriesuseasulfuricacidsolution.

End of Charge VoltageThevoltagereachedbythecellorbatteryattheendofcharge,whilethechargerisstillattached.

Energy DensityRatioofbatteryenergytovolumeorweightexpressedinwatt-hourspercubicinchorpound.

Glossary

Gas RecombinationTheprocessbywhichoxygengasgeneratedfromthepositiveplateduringthefinalstageofchargeisabsorbedintothenegativeplate,preventinglossofwater.

High Rate DischargeAveryrapiddischargeofthebattery.NormallyinmultiplesofC(theratingofthebatteryexpressedinamperes).

ImpedanceTheresistivevalueofabatterytoanACcurrentexpressedinohms(Ω).Generallymeasuredat1000Hzatfullcharge.

Internal ResistanceTheresistanceinsideabatterywhichcreatesavoltagedropinproportiontothecurrentdraw.

Negative TerminalTheterminalofabatteryfromwhichelectronsflowintheexternalcircuitwhenabatterydischarges.SeePositiveTerminal

Nominal Voltage / Nominal CapacityThenominalvalueofratedvoltage/thenominalvalueofratedcapacity.Thenominalvoltageofalead-acidbatteryis2voltspercell.

Open Circuit VoltageThevoltageofabatteryorcellwhenmeasuredinanoloadcondition.

OverchargeThecontinuouschargingofacellafteritachieves100%ofcapacity.Batterylifeisreducedbyprolongedovercharging.

Parallel ConnectionConnectingagroupofbatteriesorcellsbylinkingallterminalsofthesamepolarity.Thisincreasesthecapacityofthebatterygroup.

PolarityThechargesresidingattheterminalsofthebattery.

Positive TerminalTheterminalofabatterytowardwhichelectronsflowthroughtheexternalcircuitwhenthecelldischarges.SeeNegativeTerminal.

Rated CapacityThecapacityofthecellexpressedinamperes.Commonly,aconstantcurrentforadesignatednumberofhourstoaspecifieddepthofdischargeatroomtemperature.

RecombinationThestateinwhichthegassesnormallyformedwithinthebatterycellduringitsoperationarerecombinedtoformwater.

Series ConnectionTheconnectionofagroupofcellsorbatteriesbylinkingterminalsofoppositepolarity.Thisincreasesthevoltageofthebatterygroup.

Self DischargeThelossofcapacityofabatterywhileinstoredorunusedconditionwithoutexternaldrain.

SeparatorMaterialisolatingpositivefromnegativeplates.Insealedleadacidbatteriesitnormallyisabsorbentglassfibertoholdtheelectrolyteinsuspension.

SLA BatterySealedlead-acidbattery,generallyhavingthefollowingcharacteristics:Maintenance-free,leak-proof,position-insensitive.Batteriesofthistypehaveasafetyventtoreleasegasincaseofexcessiveinternalpressurebuild-up.Hencealsotheterm:Valveregulatedbattery.

“GelCells”areSLAbatterieswhosedilutesulfuricacidelectrolyteisimmobilizedbywayofadditiveswhichturntheelectrolyteintoagel.

Service LifeTheexpectedlifeofabatteryexpressedinthenumberoftotalcyclesoryearsofstandbyservicetoadesignatedremainingpercentageoforiginalcapacity.

Shelf LifeThemaximumperiodoftimeabatterycanbestoredwithoutsupplementarycharging.

Standby ServiceAnapplicationinwhichthebatteryismaintainedinafullychargedconditionbytrickleorfloatcharging.

State of ChargeTheavailablecapacityofabatteryatagiventimeexpressedasapercentageofratedcapacity.

SulfationTheformationordepositofleadsulfateonthesurfaceandintheporesoftheactivematerialofthebatteries’leadplates.Ifthesulfationbecomesexcessiveandformslargecrystalsontheplatesthebatterywillnotoperateefficientlyandmaynotworkatall.

Thermal RunawayAconditioninwhichacellorbatteryonconstantpotentialchargecandestroyitselfthroughinternalheatgeneration.

Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery (VRLA)See“SLABattery”listedabove.

POWER-SONIC Rechargeable Batteries

Quality is always #1 WeemployIQC,PQCandISO9001QualityManagementSystemstotestmaterials,monitormanufacturingprocessesandevaluatefinishedproductspriortoshipment.Allourbatteriesare100%testedwithadvancedcomputerequipmentpriortobeingreleasedforsale.

Power-Sonicmanagementandstaffarecommittedtoprovidingthebestpossibleservicetosatisfyourcustomer’sneeds,andfulfillourundertakingtodelivertopgradeproductsontimeandatacompetitiveprice.

OurbatteriesaremanufacturedtointernationalstandardsincludingJIS,DINandIECandhaveULandCEcertification.

Corporate Headquarters and Domestic Sales Power-SonicCorporation•7550PanasonicWay•SanDiego,CA92154•USAPhone:(619)661-2020•Fax:(619)661-3650Support:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

International Sales Power-SonicCorporation•P.O.Box5242•RedwoodCity,CA94063•USAPhone:(650)364-5001•Fax:(650)366-3662Sales:[email protected]

European Sales Power-SonicEurope,Ltd.•3BuckinghamSquare,HurricaneWay•Wickford,EssexSS118YQ•EnglandPhone:(1268)560686•Fax:(1268)560902Sales:[email protected]:www.power-sonic.co.uk

www.power-sonic.com©Copyright2009.Power-SonicCorporation.Allrightsreserved.REV0109

APPENDIX C MSDS PowerSonic Maintenance-Free Rechargeable Battery

MSDS Penreco Drakeol 35 Mineral Oil

MSDS Rotational molded plastic (SuperLinear XL 0370-5634)

Power-Sonic MSDS Page 1 of 6

Continued on next page

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

PS, PSH, PSG, PG and Power Sport Series Valve Regulated (VRLA) Batteries

Absorbed Electrolyte (AGM)

Section 1 - Product Identification

The information contained within is provided as a service to our customers and is for their information only. The information and recommendations set forth herein are made in good faith and are believed to be accurate at the date compiled. Power-Sonic Corporation makes no warranty expressed or implied.

Section 2 - Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information

Components CAS Number Approx Wt.

% OSHA PEL (µg/m³)

ACGIH TLV (µg/m³)

NIOSH (µg/m³)

Inorganic Lead/Lead Compounds 7439-92-1 65%-75% 50 150 10

Tin 7440-31-5 <0.5% 2000 2000 N/A

Calcium 7440-70-2 <0.1% N/A N/A N/A

Electrolyte: Dilute sulfuric Acid 7664-93-9 14-20% 1000 1000 1000

Fiberglass Separator - 5% N/A N/A N/A

Case Material: Acrylonitrile Butadine Styrene (ABS)

9003-56-9 5-10% N/A N/A N/A

Inorganic lead and electrolyte (sulfuric acid) are the main components of every Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery supplied by Power-Sonic Corporation. Other ingredients may be present dependent upon the specific battery type. For additional information contact Power-Sonic Corporation Technical Department.

Section 3 - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Components Density Melting

Points Solubility

(H2O) Odor Appearance

Lead 11.34 621 F° None None Silver-Gray

Lead Sulfate 6.20 1950 F° 40mg/l(60 F°) None White Powder

Lead Dioxide 9.40 554 F° None None Brown Powder

Sulfuric Acid About 1.30 203-240 F° 100% Sharp penetrating pungent

Clear Colorless Liquid

Fiberglass Separator N/A N/A Slight None White Fibrous

Case Material: Acrylonitrile Butadine Styrene (ABS)

N/A N/A None None Solid

Emergency Telephone Numbers:

CHEMTREC (Domestic): (800) 424-9300

CHEMTREC (International): (703) 527-3887

Telephone Number for Information

Power-Sonic Corporation: (619) 661-2020

Manufacturers Name

Power-Sonic Corporation,

7550 Panasonic Way

San Diego, CA 92154

Date Issued: November 19, 2008



Section 4 – Flammability Data

Components Flashpoint Explosive

Limit Comments

Lead and Sulfuric Acid None None None

Hydrogen LEL = 4.1% Sealed batteries can emit hydrogen if overcharged (float voltage> 2.40 VPC)

Fiberglass Separator N/A N/A Toxic vapors may be released. In case of fire, wear self contained breathing apparatus

Acrylonitrile Butadine Styrene (ABS) None N/A Temp over 527°F (300°C) may release combustible gases. In case of fire, wear self contained breathing apparatus

Section 5 - Reactivity Data

Section 6 - Health Hazard Data

Routes of Entry Sulfuric acid: Harmful by all routes of entry Lead compounds: Hazardous Exposure can occur only when product is heated, oxidized, or otherwise processed or damaged to create dust, vapor or fume.

Inhalation Sulfuric Acid: Breathing sulfuric acid vapors and mists may cause severe respiratory problems.

Lead Compounds: Dust or fumes may cause irritation of upper respiratory tract or lungs. Fiberglass Separator: Fiberglass is an irritant to the upper respiratory tract, skin and eyes. For exposure up to 10F°/ use MSA Comfoll with type H filter. Above 10F use Ultra Twin with type H filter. This product is not considered carcinogenic by NTP or OSHA.

Skin Contact Sulfuric acid: Severe irritation, burns and ulceration. Lead Compounds: Not absorbed through the skin

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable x Prolonged overcharge on high current, ignition sources. Sulfuric acid remains stable at all temperatures

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Sulfuric acid: Contact with combustibles and organic materials may cause fire and explosion. Also reacts violently with strong reducing agents, metals, sulfur trioxide gas, strong oxidizers, and water. Contact with metals may product toxic sulfur dioxide fumes and may release flammable hydrogen gas.

Lead Compounds: Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, halides, halogenates, potassium nitrate, permanganate, peroxides, nascent hydrogen, and reducing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts Sulfuric acid: Sulfur trioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfuric acid mist, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Lead Compounds: High temperatures above the melting point are likely to produce toxic metal fume, vapor, or dust; contact with strong acid or base or presence of nascent hydrogen may generate highly toxic arsine gas. Hazardous Polymerization.

Polymerization: Sulfuric acid will not polymerize

Decomposition Products: Sulfuric Dioxide, Trioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Hydrogen.

Conditions to Avoid: Prohibit smoking, sparks, etc. from battery charging area. Avoid mixing acid with other chemicals.



Ingestion

Sulfuric acid: May cause severe irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach.

Lead Compounds: May cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe cramping. Acute ingestion should be

treated by a physician.

Eye Contact Sulfuric acid: Severe irritation, burns, cornea damage and possible blindness. Lead Compounds: May cause eye irritation.

Acute Health Hazards

Sulfuric acid: Severe skin irritation, burns, damage to cornea may cause blindness, upper respiratory irritation.

Lead Compounds: May cause abdominal pain, nausea, headaches, vomiting, loss of appetite, severe cramping, muscular

aches and weakness, and difficulty sleeping. The toxic effects of lead are cumulative and slow to appear. It affects the

kidneys, reproductive and central nervous systems. The symptoms of lead overexposure are listed above. Exposure to lead

from a battery most often occurs during lead reclamation operations through the breathing or ingestion of lead dust or fumes.

Chronic Health Hazards

Sulfuric acid: Possible scarring of the cornea, inflammation of the nose, throat and bronchial tubes, possible erosion of tooth

enamel.

Lead Compounds: May cause anemia, damage to kidneys and nervous system, and damage to reproductive system in both

males and females.

Carcinogenicity

Sulfuric acid: The National Toxicological Program (NTP) and The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have

classified strong inorganic acid mist containing sulfuric acid as a Category 1 carcinogen, a substance that is carcinogenic to

humans. The ACGIH has classified strong inorganic acid mist containing sulfuric acid as an A2 carcinogen (suspected human

carcinogen). These classifications do not apply to liquid forms of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid solutions contained within a

battery. Inorganic acid mist (sulfuric acid mist) is not generated under normal use of this product. Misuse of the product, such

as overcharging, may result in the generation of sulfuric acid mist.

Lead Compounds: Human studies are inconclusive regarding lead exposure and an increased cancer risk. The EPA and the

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have categorized lead and inorganic lead compounds as a B2

classification (probable/possible human carcinogen) based on sufficient animal evidence and inadequate human evidence.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Inorganic lead and its compounds can aggravate chronic forms of kidney, liver, and neurological diseases. Contact of battery

electrolyte (acid) with the skin may aggravate skin diseases such as eczema and contact dermatitis. Overexposure to sulfuric

acid mist may case lung damage and aggravate pulmonary conditions.

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Inhalation

Sulfuric acid: Remove to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen

Lead Compounds: Remove from exposure, gargle, wash nose and lips, consult physician

Ingestion

Sulfuric acid: Do not induce vomiting, consult a physician immediately.

Lead Compounds: Consult a physician immediately

Eyes

Sulfuric acid: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes, consult a physician.

Lead Compounds: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes, consult a physician

Skin

Sulfuric acid: Flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, remove any contaminated clothing. If irritation

develops seek medical attention.

Lead Compounds: Wash with soap and water.



Section 7 - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

There is no release of material unless the case is damaged or battery is misused/overcharged. If release occurs stop flow of

material, contain/absorb all spills with dry sand, earth, or vermiculite. Do not use combustible materials. Neutralize spilled

material with soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, lime, etc. Wear acid-resistant clothing, boots, gloves, and face shield. Dispose of

as hazardous waste. Do not discharge acid to sewer

Waste Disposal Method

Spent Batteries - send to secondary lead smelter for recycling. Follow applicable federal, state and local regulations

Neutralize as in preceding step. Collect neutralized material in sealed container and handle as hazardous waste as applicable.

A copy of this MSDS must be supplied to any scrap dealer or secondary lead smelter with the battery.

Precautions to be Taken in Handling and Storing

Store batteries in a cool, dry, well ventilated area that are separated from incompatible materials and any activities which

may generate flames, sparks, or heat. Keep all metallic articles that could contact the negative and positive terminals on a

battery and create a short circuit condition.

Electrical Safety

Due to the battery’s low internal resistance and high power density, high levels of short circuit current can be developed

across the battery terminals. Do not rest tools or cables on the battery. Use insulated tools only. Follow all installation

instructions and diagrams when installing or maintaining battery systems.

Fiberglass Separator Fiberglass is an irritant to the upper respiratory tract, skin and eyes. For exposure up to 10F°/ use MSA Comfoll with type H filter. Above 10F use Ultra Twin with type H filter. This product is not considered carcinogenic by NTP or OSHA.

Section 8 - Control Measures

Respiratory Protection

None required under normal conditions. If battery is overcharged and concentrations of sulfuric acid are known to exceed PEL

use NIOSH or MSH approved respiratory protection.

Engineering Controls Store and handle batteries in a well ventilated area. If mechanical ventilation is used, components must be acid resistant

Protective Gloves None needed under normal conditions. If battery case is damaged use rubber or plastic elbow length gauntlets

Eye Protection None needed under normal conditions. If handling damaged or broken batteries use chemical splash goggles or face shield

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment None needed under normal conditions. In case of damaged or broken battery use an acid resistant apron. Under severe exposure or emergency conditions wear acid resistant clothing.

Work Hygienic Practices Handle batteries carefully to avoid damaging the case. Do not allow metallic articles to contact the battery terminals during handling. Avoid contact with the internal components of the battery.



Section 9 Regulatory Information

NFPA Hazard Rating for Sulfuric Acid

Transportation Batteries. Non-Restricted Status

North America Surface and Air Shipments

Our nonspillable lead acid batteries are listed in the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT) hazardous materials regulations but are excepted from these regulations since they meet all of the following requirements found at 49 CFR 173.159(d) – NMFC # 60680 Class 65.

• When offered for transport, the batteries are protected against short circuits and securely packaged as required by 49 CFR 173.159(d) (1);

• The batteries and outer packaging are marked with the words NONSPILLABLE BATTERY as required by 49 CFR 173.159(d) (2); and

• The batteries comply with the vibration and pressure differential tests found in 49 CFR 173.159(d) (3) and “crack test” found at 49 CFR 173.159(d) (4).

International

Our non-spillable lead acid batteries also are excepted from the international hazardous materials (also known as “dangerous goods”) regulations since they comply with the following requirements:

• The vibration and pressure differential tests found in Packing Instruction 806 and Special Provision A67 of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations;

The vibration and pressure differential tests found in Packing Instruction 806 and Special Provision A67 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air; and

• The vibration, pressure differential, and “crack” tests found in Special Provision 238.1 and 238.2 of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.

Regulatory Information RCRA: Spent lead acid batteries are not regulated as hazardous waste by the EPA when recycled, however state and international regulations may very. CERCLA (superfund) and EPCRA:

(a) Reportable Quantity (RQ) for spilled 100% sulfuric acid under CERCLA (superfund) and EPCRA (Emergency Planning Community Right to Know Act is 1,000lbs. State and local reportable quantities for spilled sulfuric acid may vary.

(b) Sulfuric acid is a listed “Extremely Hazardous Substance” under EPCRA with a Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ) of 1,000lbs.

(c) EPCRA Section 302 Notification is required if 1,000lbs. or more of sulfuric acid is present at one site. The quantity of sulfuric acid will vary by battery type. Contact Power-Sonic Corporation for additional information.

(d) EPCRA Section 312 Tier 2 reporting is required for batteries if sulfuric acid is present in quantities of 500lbs. or more and/or lead is present in quantities of 10,00lbs. or more.

(e) Supplier Notification: This product contains toxic chemicals which may be reportable under EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (Form R) requirements. If you are a manufacturing facility under SIC codes 20 through 39 the following information is provided to enable you to complete the required reports:


Regulatory Information continued: (f)

Toxic Chemical CAS Number Approximate % by weight

Lead 7439-92-1 60

Sulfuric Acid 7664-93-9 10- 30

Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.2

If you distribute this product to other manufacturers in SIC codes 20 through 39, this information must be provided with the first shipment in a calendar year. The Section 313 supplier notification requirement does not apply to batteries which are “consumer products”. Not present in all battery types. Contact Power-Sonic Corporation for further information. TSCA Ingredients in Power-Sonic Corporation’s batteries are listed in the TSCA Registry as follows:

Components CAS Number TSCA Status

Electrolyte Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 7664-93-9 Listed

Inorganic Lead Compound: Lead (Pb) 7439-92-1 Listed

Lead Oxide (PbO) 1317-36-8 Listed

Lead Sulfate (PbSO4) 7446-14-2 Listed

Arsenic (As) 7440-38-2 Listed

Calcium (Ca) 7440-70-2 Listed

Tin (Sn) 7440-31-5 Listed

Power-Sonic Corporation 7550 Panasonic Way, San Diego, CA 92154 Tel: 619-661-2020 Fax: 619-661-3650

E-Mail: [email protected] Website:http://www.power-sonic.com

1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW24 Hour Emergency Telephone Numbers:Spill, Leak, Fire or AccidentCall CHEMTRECNorth America: (800)424-9300Others: (703)527-3887 (collect)

Physical Hazards/Precautionary Measures: Keep away from all sources of ignition.

OTHER COMPONENTS

Limits Agency Type

% WEIGHT EXPOSURE GUIDELINE

No hazardous components identified per 29 CFR 1910.1200.

California Poison Control System: (800) 356-3129

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETPenreco® Drakeol® Mineral Oil - USP

Grades

(MSDS: 776507)

Health Hazards/Precautionary Measures:

NFPA Hazard Class:

___________________________________________________________________________________________

HMIS Hazard Class

Physical form: LiquidOdor: Odorless

Appearance: Transparent, water-white

Health: 0 (Least) Health: 0 (Least)Flammability:1 (Slight) Flammability: 1 (Slight)Reactivity: 0 (Least) Physical Hazard: 0 (Least)

Product Name: Penreco® Drakeol® Mineral Oil - USP GradesSynonyms: Penreco® Drakeol® 19

Penreco® Drakeol® 21Penreco® Drakeol® 25Penreco® Drakeol® 32Penreco® Drakeol® 33Penreco® Drakeol® 34Penreco® Drakeol® 35Penreco® Drakeol® 350Penreco® Drakeol® 35GPenreco® Drakeol® 400

Chemical Family: Petroleum Hydrocarbon

Responsible Party: Penreco138 Petrolia StreetKarns City, PA 16041-9799

For Additional MSDSs 1-800-762-0942

Technical Information: 1-800-245-3952

None Anticipated

Page 1 of 6

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Inhalation (Breathing): No harmful effects reported.

Skin: Not known to be a skin irritant. No harmful effects from skin absorption have been reported.

Eye: Not known to be an eye irritant.

Ingestion (Swallowing): No harmful effects reported from ingestion.

Signs and Symptoms: Effects of overexposure may include irritation of the nose and throat,irritation of the digestive tract and diarrhea.

Potential Health Effects:

No evidence of cancer has been demonstrated in several well conducted animal studies.Cancer:

Target Organs: No data available for this material.

Developmental: No data available for this material.

Pre-Existing Medical Conditions: None Known

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Eye: If irritation or redness develops, move victim away from exposure and into fresh air. Flush eyeswith clean water. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Skin: First aid is not normally required. However, it is good practice to wash any chemical from theskin.

Inhalation (Breathing): First aid is not normally required. If breathing difficulties develop, move victim away fromsource of exposure and into fresh air. Seek immediate medical attention.

White Mineral Oil 100 (See: Oil Mist, If Generated)

Note: State, local or other agencies or advisory groups may have established more stringent limits.Consult an industrial hygienist or similar professional, or your local agencies, for further information.

1%=10,000 PPM.

All components are listed on the TSCA inventory.

CAS# 8042-47-5

REFERENCE

Limits Agency Type

Oil Mist, If Generated 5 mg/m3 ACGIH TWA 10 mg/m3 ACGIH STEL 5 mg/m3 OSHA TWA 2500 mg/m3 NIOSH IDLH 5 mg/m3 NOHSC TWA

EXPOSURE GUIDELINE

CAS# None

(MSDS: 776507)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 2 of 6

Ingestion (Swallowing): First aid is not normally required; however, if swallowed and symptoms develop, seekmedical attention.

Note To Physicians: Acute aspirations of large amounts of oil-laden material may produce aserious aspiration pneumonia. Patients who aspirate these oils should be followed for thedevelopment of long-term sequelae. Inhalation exposure to oil mists below current workplaceexposure limits is unlikely to cause pulmonary abnormalities.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Fire Fighting Instructions: For fires beyond the incipient stage, emergency responders in the immediate hazardarea should wear bunker gear. When the potential chemical hazard is unknown, in enclosed or confined spaces, orwhen explicitly required by DOT, a self contained breathing apparatus should be worn. In addition, wear otherappropriate protective equipment as conditions warrant (see Section 8).

Isolate immediate hazard area, keep unauthorized personnel out. Stop spill/release if it can be done with minimalrisk. Move undamaged containers from immediate hazard area if it can be done with minimal risk.

Water spray may be useful in minimizing or dispersing vapors and to protect personnel. Cool equipment exposed tofire with water, if it can be done with minimal risk. Avoid spreading burning liquid with water used for coolingpurposes.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

This material may burn, but will not ignite readily. Keep all sources of ignition away from spill/release. Stayupwind and away from spill/release. Notify persons down wind of the spill/release, isolate immediate hazard areaand keep unauthorized personnel out. Stop spill/release if it can be done with minimal risk. Wear appropriateprotective equipment including respiratory protection as conditions warrant (see Section 8).

Prevent spilled material from entering sewers, storm drains, other unauthorized drainage systems, and naturalwaterways. Dike far ahead of spill for later recovery or disposal. Spilled material may be absorbed into anappropriate absorbent material.

Notify fire authorities and appropriate federal, state, and local agencies. Immediate cleanup of any spill isrecommended. If spill of any amount is made into or upon navigable waters, the contiguous zone, or adjoiningshorelines, notify the National Response Center (phone number 800-424-8802).

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling: Do not enter confined spaces such as tanks or pits without following proper entryprocedures such as ASTM D-4276 and 29CFR 1910.146. The use of appropriate respiratory protection is advisedwhen concentrations exceed any established exposure limits (see Sections 2 and 8).

Do not wear contaminated clothing or shoes. Use good personal hygiene practices.

"Empty" containers retain residue and may be dangerous. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill,grind, or expose such containers to heat, flame, sparks, or other sources of ignition. They may explode and

LEL/UEL%: No DataAutoignition Temperature: No Data

Flammable Properties: Flash Point: >370°F/>187.8°C ASTM D-92(COC) Not applicableOSHA Flammability Class:

(MSDS: 776507)

Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards:

Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray is recommended. Water or foam maycause frothing of materials heated above 212°F. Carbon dioxide can displace oxygen. Use caution when applyingcarbon dioxide in confined spaces.

This material may burn, but will not ignite readily. Vapors are heavier than airand can accumulate in low areas. If container is not properly cooled, it can rupture in the heat of a fire.

Page 3 of 6

Storage:

cause injury or death. "Empty" drums should be completely drained, properly bunged, and promptly shipped tothe supplier or a drum reconditioner. All containers should be disposed of in an environmentally safemanner and in accordance with governmental regulations.

Before working on or in tanks which contain or have contained this material, refer to OSHA regulations, ANSIZ49.1 and other references pertaining to cleaning, repairing, welding, or other contemplated operations.

Keep container(s) tightly closed. Use and store this material in cool, dry, well-ventilatedareas away from heat and all sources of ignition. Store only in approved containers. Keep away from anyincompatible material (see Section 10). Protect container(s) against physical damage.

Engineering controls:

Respiratory:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

If current ventilation practices are not adequate to maintain airborne concentrations belowthe established exposure limits (see Section 2), additional engineering controls may be required.

A NIOSH certified air purifying respirator with a Type 95 (R or P) particulatefilter may be used in conjunction with an organic vapor cartridge under conditions whereairborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits (see Section 2).

Protection provided by air purifying respirators is limited (see manufacturer's respiratorselection guide). Use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) orequivalent operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode if there ispotential for an uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known, or any othercircumstances where air purifying respirators may not provide adequate protection. Arespiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2requirements must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

Skin:

Eye/Face:

Other Protective Equipment:

Not required based on the hazards of the material. However, it is considered goodpractice to wear gloves when handling chemicals.

While contact with this material is not expected to cause irritation, the use ofapproved eye protection to safeguard against potential eye contact is considered goodpractice.

A source of clean water should be available in the workarea for flushing eyes and skin. Impervious clothing should be worn as needed.

Suggestions for the use of specific protective materials are based on readily available publisheddata. Users should check with specific manufacturers to confirm the performance of their products.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance: Transparent, water-whitePhysical State: LiquidOdor: OdorlesspH: No Data Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): <1Vapor Density (air=1): >1Boiling Point/Range: 590°F / 310°C (approximate)Freezing/Melting Point: No DataSolubility in Water: Insoluble Specific Gravity: 0.86-0.88 Evaporation Rate (nBuAc=1): <1Bulk Density: 7.17 lbs/galFlash Point: >370°F / >187.8°C ASTM D-92(COC)

Note: Unless otherwise stated, values are determined at 20°C (68°F) and 760 mm Hg (1 atm).

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

(MSDS: 776507) Page 4 of 6

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability:

Conditions To Avoid:

Hazardous Decomposition Products:Hazardous Polymerization:

Avoid all possible sources of ignition (see Sections 5 and 7).

Stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and handling conditions of temperature andpressure.

carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Will not occur.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

This material, if discarded as produced, is not a RCRA "listed" hazardous waste. However, it should be fullycharacterized for toxicity prior to disposal (40 CFR 261). Use which results in chemical or physical change orcontamination may subject it to regulation as a hazardous waste. Along with properly characterizing all wastematerials, consult state and local regulations regarding the proper disposal of this material.

Container contents should be completely used and containers should be emptied prior to discard. Containerrinsate could be considered a RCRA hazardous waste and must be disposed of with care and in full compliancewith federal, state and local regulations. Larger empty containers, such as drums, should be returned to thedistributor or to a drum reconditioner. To assure proper disposal of smaller empty containers, consult withstate and local regulations and disposal authorities.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

No definitive information available on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, target organs or developmental toxicity.

No DataFlammable/Explosive Limits (%):

EPA SARA 311/312 (Title III Hazard Categories):

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

(MSDS: 776507)

DOT Shipping Description:

Note:

Materials to Avoid (Incompatible Materials):

Not evaluated at this time

Material is unregulated unless in container of 3500 gal or more then provisions of 49 CFR Part 130 applyfor land shipment.

IMDG: Not regulatedIATA: Not regulated

Avoid contact with strong oxidizingagents.

Not hazardous

Page 5 of 6

16. OTHER INFORMATION

Disclaimer of Expressed and Implied Warranties:

The information presented in this Material Safety Data Sheet is based on data believed to be accurate as of the date this Material Safety DataSheet was prepared. HOWEVER, NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY OTHERWARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IS TO BE IMPLIED REGARDING THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATIONPROVIDED ABOVE, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT, THE SAFETY OFTHIS PRODUCT, OR THE HAZARDS RELATED TO ITS USE. No responsibility is assumed for any damage or injury resulting from abnormaluse or from any failure to adhere to recommended practices. The information provided above, and the product, are furnished on the conditionthat the person receiving them shall make their own determination as to the suitability of the product for their particular purpose and on thecondition that they assume the risk of their use. In addition, no authorization is given nor implied to practice any patented invention without alicense.

Issue Date: 04/09/03Previous Issue Date: 07/26/01Revised Sections: New FormatMSDS Number: 776507

--None--

SARA 313 and 40 CFR 372:This material contains the following chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of SARA 313 and 40CFR 372:

Warning: This material contains the following chemicals which are known to the State of California to cause cancer,birth defects or other reproductive harm, and are subject to the requirements of California Proposition 65 (CA Health& Safety Code Section 25249.5): --None Known--

EPA (CERCLA) Reportable Quantity: --None--

California Proposition 65:

Carcinogen Identification:

Canada - Domestic Substances List:

WHMIS Class:

(MSDS: 776507)

This material has not been identified as a carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA.

Listed

Status: Final

Acute Health: NoChronic Health: No

Fire Hazard: NoPressure Hazard: No

Reactive Hazard: No

Not regulated This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations(CPR) and the MSDS contains all the information required by the CPR.

This material is listed on the following inventories:Australian (AICS)Canadian (DSL)ChineseEuropean EC/EINECSJapanese ENCSKorean (ECL)Philippine (PICCS)

Page 6 of 6

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