Power Plant Construction and QA/QC

Section 3.5 & 3.6 – Hydraulic Turbines & Reciprocating Engines

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Overview

• Hydraulic Turbines (water wheels) have been in use for centuries.

• Hydraulic Turbines convert the potential energy of water into work.

• Basic Turbines are either Reaction or Impulse.

• First developed in the mid 1800’s.

• Power outputs range up to 1,000 Mw.

• Included are Tidal and Wind Turbines.

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Early Hydraulic Turbines

Undershot StyleOvershot Style

Amount of power depended on wheel diameter and height of water.

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine Types

Net

Hea

d (

m)

Flow (m/s)

Po

wer (w

)

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Kaplan - Reaction

Bulb

Propeller

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Francis - Reaction

Volute

Configuration

Runner

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Pelton - Impulse

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Turgo - Reaction

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Cross-flow - Impulse

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Tidal Power

Water Flow In and Out

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Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbine – Wave Power

Wave Height

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Questions?

Section 3.5 – Hydraulic Turbines

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Overview

• Primary Use – Emergency Power

• Natural Gas, Fuel (Diesel, Gasoline) or Fuel Oil Powered

• From 1 Kw to 16 Mw Generators (5 to 8 Mw common)

• Limited duration – fuel, cooling

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Engine Function

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Generator – Propulsion – Direct

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Generator – Propulsion – Electric

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Generator – Emergency Power

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Generator - Emergency

Generator

Exciter

Diesel

Coupling

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Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines

Diesel Generator - Marine

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Questions?

Section 3.6 – Reciprocating Engines