Power PresentationsCHAPTER 21

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Diversity and Unity

It is 1900, and you have decided to leave your native country. After a long and difficult voyage, you arrive in the United States. Now you need to find a new home and a job. You have to create a new life in a strange land.

How will you make a home in your new country?

• What caused you to leave your native country?

• What problems did you face on your voyage?

• What do you hope to find in the United States?

To World1909 National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.

1906 Earthquake and fire devastate San Francisco.

1896 Supreme Court establishes “separate-but-equal” doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson case.

1893 Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.

1892 Immigration center openson Ellis Island.

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1889 The first electric elevator is installed.Jane Addams founds Hull House.

1888 Electric trolleys are set up in Richmond, Virginia.

1882 Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Back to Home Back to U.S.

1910 Mexican Revolution begins.

1896 First modern Olympic Games are held in Athens, Greece.

1893 Karl Benz invents the modern automobile.

1889 Brazil becomes a republic.

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Industrialization and immigration caused American cities to grow rapidly.

Modern American city life first emerged during this period.

What were the causes and effects of urban growth?

CAUSE EFFECT

Steel Provided materials to build skyscrapers

Elevators Allowed people to get to the top floors of skyscrapers

Streetcars Allowed people to move around cities

Immigration

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Increased city population and led to some overcrowding

• Why did immigrants and farmers settle in big cities at the end of the 19th century?

• What are two inventions that made modern city life possible?

• What urban problems did reformers try to solve?

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Evaluating

What were some of the advantages and disadvantages of machine politics?

Think About

• the problems faced by immigrants and cities

• Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Millions of immigrants—mostly from southern and eastern Europe—moved to the United States.

The new immigrants had an important role in shaping American culture in the 20th century.

What were some of the experiencesof immigrants in the United States?

Voyage Faced long hard voyages; often faced long waits in immigration centers

Housing  Often lived inethnic neighborhoods where immigrants with similar backgrounds could help one another

Work Took jobs in any industry that was hiring; often faced bad working conditions and received low wages

Assimilation Learned U.S. politics, culture, and language; contributed parts of their native culture to U.S. culture

• How were the new immigrants different from earlier immigrants?

• How did immigrants support one another?

• Why did nonwhite immigrants have a harder time assimilating than European immigrants did?

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Making Generalizations

How well does the idea of the melting pot reflect U.S. immigration around 1900?

Think About

• assimilation

• immigrant languages and cultures• ethnic neighborhoods

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Racial discrimination ran through American society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Modern American society continues to face the problems caused by racism and discrimination.

Who were some of the important people and what were some important events related to racial discrimination around 1900?

PEOPLE EVENTS

• Homer Plessy

• Ida B. Wells

• Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B. Du Bois

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• Springfield, Illinois, race riot (1908)

• Founding of the NAACP (1909)

• Rock Springs massacre (1885)

• What were Jim Crow laws?

• How did discrimination against African Americans in the North differ from discrimination in the South?

• What did Chinese immigrants and Mexican immigrants have in common?

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Solving Problems

What could have been done to end racial discrimination against nonwhites in the United States at the turn of the century?

Think About

• attitudes of whites about nonwhites

• the efforts of nonwhites to find jobs and security• competition for jobs

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Industrialization and new technologies created a mass culture in the United States.

Modern American mass culture had its beginnings during this period.

What changes created a mass culture around 1900?

Leisure Amusement parks; world’s fairs; spectator sports; vaudeville shows; ragtime; movies

Shopping Department stores; mail-order catalogs; national advertising

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Education School enrollments increased; literacy increased

MASS CULTURE

• What did dime novels andnewspapers have in common?

• How did mail-order catalogsaffect the way people shopped?

• What did visitors see at world’s fairs?

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Making Inferences

Why did mass culture emerge during this period?

Think About

• the impact of newspapers

• advertising and catalogs• the development of leisure time

REVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

1 How did public transportation change city life?

2 What dangers did urban overcrowding pose to tenement dwellers?

3 How did big-city political machines keep their power?

4 Where did most American immigrants come from around 1900?

5 How did immigrants enter the United States?

6 Why have some people described the United States as a melting pot?

7 Why was Plessy v. Ferguson an important Supreme Court decision?

8 What did African-American leaders do to fight discrimination?

9 What is mass culture?

10 How did city parks improve city life?

Civil Rights Segregation expanded, mostly in the South. Nonwhites faced discrimination in all regions of the country. NAACP was founded.

Immigration Immigrants came to the United States for jobs. New immigrants came, especially from southern and eastern Europe. Immigrants contributed to the growth of political machines.

Politics Political machines emerged in cities. They often helped immigrants and built many public facilities. But they were also corrupt.

Education Schools were segregated in many parts of the country. African Americans set up schools for their own advancement. Public education grew greatly at the turn of the century. Literacy rates increased.

Technology Elevators, steel beams, electricity, and streetcars helped cities grow. Wright brothers invented the airplane. Movies were developed.

Mass Culture Education expanded. Increased literacy led to greater popularity of books and newspapers. Advertising increased demand for goods. Parks, fairs, sports, and movies provided leisure activities.

CHANGES IN

AMERICAN LIFE

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