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    POWER SCENARIO

    IN

    INDIA

    http://www.studygalaxy.com/

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    POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructuralcomponent for multidimensional growth and basichuman need

    Reliable and quality power at competitive rates toIndian industry - important for global competition.

    Clean and Green Sustainable Power

    need of the day.

    Energy Security

    POWER SCENARIO

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    EVOLUTION OF POWERSECTOR

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    POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

    Electricity - Concurrent Subject: jointresponsibility of State and Central

    Governments.

    Bulk of transmission and distribution

    functions with State Utilities.

    Private sector - small presence inDistribution and making entry into

    Transmission.

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    POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

    Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydroand nuclear sources.

    Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions

    hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation.Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for

    smaller proportion of power.

    Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources

    i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal. Captive power plants being encouraged to supply

    surplus power to Grid.

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    GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN

    INDIA

    '47 '55 '61 '66 '74 '80 '85 '90 '95 '02 '03 '04 '06 '07 '12

    (Projeced)

    Thermal Nuclear

    Hydro Renewable

    1,

    362

    2,

    695

    4,

    653

    9,

    027

    16,

    664

    28

    ,448

    42,

    585

    81,

    171

    63,

    636

    1,

    05,

    046

    1,

    07

    ,877

    1,1

    8,

    426

    1

    ,24,

    287

    2,

    24,

    907

    *

    1,

    32,

    329

    Source: CEA

    (figs. in MW)

    * Total generation as on 30-06-2011 is

    1,76,990 MW

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    535759

    61

    68

    7173

    69

    2000 2003 2005 2008

    Year

    % of Coal basedCapacity in TotalGenerating Capacity

    % of Coal based

    Generation in TotalGeneration

    Share

    in %

    (app.)

    COUNTRYS SHARE OF COAL IN

    TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND

    INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS

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    ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS

    (COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)

    Source: CEA

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    MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES

    OF GOVERNMENT 1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act

    1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act

    2001- Electricity Conservation Act

    2003- Electricity Act

    February ,2005- National Electricity Policy

    January 2006- National Tariff Policy

    August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy

    August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy.

    January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan constitutedby Planning Commission.

    August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

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    Access to electricity for all households in next 5years.

    Availability of power on demand to be fully met by2012

    Energy shortage and peaking shortage to beovercome by providing adequate spinningreserves

    Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in

    efficient manner . Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround

    and commercial viability

    Consumersinterests to be accorded top priority.

    NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY THE WAY FORWARD

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    NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE

    PARTICIPATION

    Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit toconsumers

    Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government inJanuary,2005.

    Role of private participation in generation, transmission anddistribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidlygrowing investment needs.

    Central and State Governments to develop workable andsuccessful models for public private partnership.

    Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment

    in transmission sector

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    NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE

    PARTICIPATION

    Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged forachieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improvingquality of service to consumer

    Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentiveto minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promoteefficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.

    Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same

    area through their independent distribution system

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    Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandatesnon-discriminatory open access in transmission and, inphases in distribution.

    Respective State Regulatory Commissions to

    facilitative framework for open access. Well planned and strong transmission and distribution

    system to ensure optimal utilization of transmissioncapacities

    Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effectivedelivery of power.

    Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of

    the power sector.

    OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

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    PRESENT POWER SCENARIO

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    INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE

    COUNTRY (as on 31st August, 2008)

    TOTAL IC-1,45,627 MW

    . . .,12195

    8.4%

    NUCLEAR

    4120

    2.8%

    THERMAL

    93115

    64%

    HYDRO,

    36198,

    24.8%

    CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

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    EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OFCOAL BASED POWER PLANTS

    Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW

    First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at

    Bandel TPS

    First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977

    First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984

    Committee constituted by CEArecommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in

    future

    In 11

    th

    Plan 800/660 MW units planned

    CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

    AUTHORITY

    MINISTRY OF POWER

    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

    CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

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    Unit Size MS. Pr MS/RH Temp Gross

    Efficiency(HHV )

    kg/cm2 oC (%)

    30-50 60 482 ~3160-100 90 535 32-33

    110/120/140 130 535/535 35-36

    210 150 535/535 37.8250 150 535/535 38.4

    500 170 538/538 38.6

    PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN

    INDIA

    210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the TotalCapacity

    CENTRAL ELECTRICITY

    AUTHORITY

    MINISTRY OF POWER

    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

    D t il f IC f bl

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    Details of IC of renewable energy

    sources(As on 31.03.2008)

    Sources / Systems Installed Capacity ( MW)

    Wind Power 7666.84

    Biomass Power &Biomass Gasifiers

    1325.63

    Small Hydro Power 2034.07Solar power & others

    87.87Total 11,125.41

    TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

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    TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

    Development in a phased manner commensurate withgeneration / load growth.

    Economy in generation through efficient transmission

    Conservation of Right-of-Way

    In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of

    lines with high towers / high voltage rating leading

    to reduced forest cutting.

    High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)

    EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

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    National

    Grid

    1950-60s

    1970-80s

    2000 onwards

    Local

    1950s

    EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

    State

    Grids by

    SEBs

    Regional Gridswith ATS of

    Central

    Generation

    Shift from

    Regional self

    sufficiency

    concept to

    National level

    Planning

    Interconnecting

    Regional Gridswith HVDC

    1990s

    Towards National Grid System

    BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID

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    16441

    22526

    30000

    23134

    0

    5000

    10000

    15000

    20000

    25000

    30000

    35000

    2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

    Energy Traded

    EnergyinMillonUnits

    1129 % increase in number of

    approved transactions in Short-term

    Open Access at Inter State level

    82% increase in volume of energy

    traded in Short-term Open Access at

    Inter State level

    Encourage Competition and Choice by facilitating electricitytrade

    BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID

    (Contd. .)

    BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd )

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    Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid

    disturbances

    Grid Disturbances

    74

    53

    7 2 1 0 03 4 0 0 0 0 0

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

    Year

    Nos.

    Minor Major

    BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd. .)

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    Development of Transmission

    Voltages Levels

    132 kV Highest level at the time of

    Independence

    Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960

    400 kV in 1977

    HVDC back-to-back link in 1989,

    500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990 765 kV transmission line from 2000

    onwards.

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    119,290

    150,477

    197,927 209,072

    293,210

    1997 2002 2007 2008 ( upto

    Feb )

    2012 (proj.)

    GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS

    Source: CEA

    Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm)

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    PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA

    Source: CEA

    176

    348

    559632 672

    704

    1000

    613

    1980-

    81

    1990-

    91

    2000-

    01

    2004-

    05

    2005-

    06

    2006-

    07

    2007-

    08

    2011-

    12

    kWh/year

    (Projected)

    As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability /

    Population)

    Growth Pattern

    STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

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    Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% andpeak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08).

    As per Census 2001, only about 56% of

    households have access to electricity, with ruralaccess being 44% and urban access about

    82%.

    Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWhas against world average of about ~2400 KWh.

    STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

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    ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF

    THE COUNTRY (2007-08)

    Peak (MW) Energy (MU)

    Requirement 1,08,886 7,37,052

    Availability 90,793 6,64,660

    (-)Shortage/(+)Surplus

    (-)18,093 (-)72,392

    (%) (-)16.6 (-)9.8

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    ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF

    THE COUNTRY (April,08-August,08)

    Peak (MW) Energy (MU)

    Requirement 1,06,922 3,18,813

    Availability 91,363 2,84,861

    (-)Shortage/

    (+)Surplus

    (-) 15,559 (-)33,952

    (%) (-) 14.6 (-) 10.6

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    CAPTIVE POWER

    National Electricity Policy stipulates liberalprovisions for setting up captive power plants

    Installed Capacity if Captive plants- 22,335 MW

    (10th Plan end)

    Open Access to be made effective

    Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which

    are Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed.

    Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed 7%of the generation cost within the state.

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    Captive Power

    Very high electricity duty imposed on captive powergeneration by some states.

    Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by somestate. To be brought down

    Fixation of reasonable tariff by State RegulatoryCommission for surplus power available from CPPs.

    To make available additional fuel required by CPPs

    SERCs to promote arrangements between co-generator and concerned distribution licensee forpurchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants.

    MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER

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    MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER

    SECTOR

    Inadequate power generation capacity

    Lack of optimum utilization of the existing

    generation capacity

    Inadequate inter-regional transmission

    links

    Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission

    & distribution network

    Cont..

    MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

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    High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed

    tariff structure

    Slow pace of rural electrification

    Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer

    Lack of grid discipline

    MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

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    CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNINGFOR 11TH AND 12TH PLAN

    10TH PLAN TARGET AND ACTUAL

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    10TH PLAN TARGET AND ACTUAL

    CAPACITY ADDITION

    6

    (MW)

    Original Target 41,110

    Capacity Slipped / Dropped 21,281

    Net Capacity Addition from Original Target 19,829

    Additional Projects identified during the Plan 8,320

    Capacity Slipping from additional projects 6,969

    Net Capacity Addition from additional Projects 1,351

    Net Capacity added during 10TH Plan 21,180*

    * Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro 7,886 MW, Nuclear 1180 MW

    MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)

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    S.No Major Reasons for Slippage

    Original Plan Additional

    Projects-

    ThermalThermal Nuclear Hydro

    1 Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractors 2670 220 679 3350

    2 Delay in tie-up super critical technology by BHEL (one

    unit at Sipat and one at Kahalgaon were replaced by 500

    MW units)

    3960

    3 Non-availability of Gas 1713 1450

    4 Delay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLC 1423 222 835

    5 Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financialclosure not achieved/funds not tied up

    5278 23

    6 Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects) 2391

    7

    Hydro Project - delay in environmental clearance,

    geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues,

    delay in signing of MoU, Court Cases

    3155

    8 Law & Order Problems 500 60

    9Nuclear projects included on best effort basis(otherwise

    scheduled for XI plan)1220

    10 Adjustment due to change of size - 990 91

    Total 14554 220 6507 6969*

    MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)

    Total slippage: 21,281MW* Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during MidTerm Review

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    Major Steps of Integrated approach

    Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants

    complemented by Renewable Energy based plants toextent possible.

    National Electricity Plan based on Conventional EnergySources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants

    Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be takenfor low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean CoalTechnologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultrasupercritical technology, IGCC),

    Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D

    losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirementof old and small size generating units, Coal qualityimprovement

    POWER GENERATIONCENTRAL ELECTRICITY

    AUTHORITY

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    POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

    Large emphasis on hydro development.Constraints restricting progress are large gestationperiod, high capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law &order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage private

    participation in hydro power generation. Limited dependability on gas based capacity -

    Availability of gas at reasonable rates being aconstraint for gas based projects. During 11th Plan

    only about 6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged. Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a larger

    scale being taken but contribution minor as yet.

    Renewables.

    POWER GENERATION -STRATEGY

    AUTHORITY

    MINISTRY OF POWER

    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

    POWER GENERATIONCENTRAL ELECTRICITY

    AUTHORITY

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    POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY

    Renewable energy sources to be madeeconomically viable- At present can playdominant role in meeting remote locateddemands where not economic to extend the

    grid. Coal based power projects expected to be mainstay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years.Continuous efforts directed at generating

    maximum energy from each tonne of coal withminimum effect on environment

    POWER GENERATION- STRATEGY

    AUTHORITY

    MINISTRY OF POWER

    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

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    Development of Hydro Power projects

    Plan Period Hydro Capacity

    Addition (MW)

    Total Hydro Capacity

    at the end of plan

    (MW)

    11

    th

    Plan (2007-08 to2011 - 12) 15627 50280

    12th Plan (2012-13 to

    2016-17)

    30000 80280

    13th Plan (2017 - 18

    to 2021-22)

    31000 111280

    14th Plan (2022-23 to

    2026 - 27)

    36494 147774

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    DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT

    Year Energy

    Requirement

    (BU)

    Peak Demand

    (MW)

    Proposed Capacity

    Addition during 5

    year plan (MW)

    Generation

    growth rate

    (CAGR)

    2011-12 1038 1,52,000 77,070*

    ( 11th Plan)

    9.5% (over2006-07)

    2016-17 1470 2,18,209 94,000

    (12th Plan)

    7.4% (over2011-12)

    * Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

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    26,783 MW36,874 MW

    15,043 MW

    CENTRAL SECTORSTATE SECTOR

    PVT SECTOR

    47%(34%)

    19%

    Total 78,700 MW

    CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th

    PLAN (SECTORWISE)

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    FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR

    11th PLAN 77,070* MW

    Thermal 58,183 MW( Coal 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW)

    Additional capacity expected : New Renewables 14,000 MW: Captive 12,000 MW

    * Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

    NUCLEAR,

    3,380MW, 4.3%

    THERMAL,

    58,183MW,

    75.5%

    HYDRO,

    15,507MW,

    20.2%

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    11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS 10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About 11,000 MW

    slippages due to causes attributable to equipment suppliers and

    contractors.

    11th Plan 77,070 MW

    - 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till date)

    - 65,666 MW (83%) under construction

    - 85% hydro capacity under construction- Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects

    - All gas based projects under execution or gas tied upfrom local sources

    Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort category.

    Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available atreasonable price

    INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY

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    INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY

    INPUTS

    On 4th-5th July,2007 organized by

    CBIP/MoP/CEA.

    Purpose-To discuss issues to be addressed to

    ensure timely Implementation of projects

    during 11th Plan and beyond .

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Manufacturing Capability/ Availability ofMain Plant and

    Balance Of Plant Equipment

    Constraints in supply of main equipment forthermal capacity as well as in supply of balanceof plant like Coal Handling plant, Watertreatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.

    Need to develop additional domestic players toadequately meet additional demand andpromote competition.

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Construction and Erection Agencies &EquipmentAugmentation required in number of construction agencies

    undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limitedcontractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys ,

    tunneling, dam construction etc.Serious efforts needed by major power companies to

    develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment andfor taking up civil construction.

    New technologies and Use of latest construction machineryfor hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Fuel Availability Requirement of coal for 11th Plan 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT

    of Indian coal to be imported

    Requirement of gas (90% PLF) 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present-

    36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient

    Transportation for fuel and equipment

    Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining

    blocks

    Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Transmission & Distribution Equipment Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system

    including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantialaugmentation inmanufacturing capacity of transformers; Need forindigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment,increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities.

    Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development ofnew vendors

    Increase in demand of CRGO

    Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, singlephase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.

    Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to betrained.

    More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects.

    Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Critical Key Inputs To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO

    Advanced planning for material to be imported

    CRGO to be exempt from custom duty

    Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement ofvarious key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy

    Manpower Development & Training

    CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors toadopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool forPower Sector to be utilized by them.

    Quick implementation of National Training Policys recommendation -allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increaseto 5% for meeting training needs

    Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Constructionand O& M

    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

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    MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO

    BE ADDRESSED

    Delays in clearances Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive

    role

    R & D

    Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budgetallocation for R&D

    To attract youngtalent

    11th Plan tentative targets for grid interactive

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    11th Plan tentative targets for grid interactive

    renewable power(Figures in MW)

    Sources / Systems Target for 11th

    plan

    Wind Power 10,500

    Biomass Power Baggasse Co-

    generation

    Biomass Gasifiers

    2,100

    Small Hydro (up to 25 MW) 1400

    Total 14,000

    Targets for 12th

    Plan likely to be at least 14,000 MW

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    Village Electrification

    Number of villages electrified increased

    from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in

    2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village

    electrification).

    Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan

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    Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan

    Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected tobe more than 11th Plan due to incentives byMNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power

    plants Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th

    Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MWRenewable power expected.

    Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67BU.

    This energy considered while planning for 12th

    Plan

    12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition

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    12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition

    Demand as per 17th EPS Energy Requirement 13,92,066BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW

    Spinning Reserve 5% as per National Electricity Policy.Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW alsoworked out

    25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.

    As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MWLC, 14,800 MW Coastal)

    Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R.82,970 MW

    Fuel consumption(2016-17) Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT

    All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP 0.18%; ENS 0.00%(Norms LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)

    13th Plan Tentative Capacity

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    13th PlanTentative Capacity

    ExpansionASSUMPTIONS

    17th EPS Demand Energy Requirement- 19,14,508MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW

    Spinning Reserve - 5% .

    Beginning of 13th

    Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignitebased capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacityupto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit

    size)

    Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal-62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)

    LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria

    met.

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    STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN

    AND

    GREEN ENVIRONMENT

    Existing status of CO2 per capita

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    Country

    Per capita CO2 emission in 2004

    (tonnes/MWhr of CO2)

    India 1.2

    USA 20.6Australia 16.2

    U.K 9.8

    Japan 9.9China 3.8

    World 4.5

    UNDP Human Development report 2007/08

    Existing status of CO2 per capita

    emission different countries

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    Clean Coal technologies Supercritical Technology 2% efficiency gain possible

    Ultra Supercritical Technologyadditional efficiency 0.75% over

    800 MW supercritical

    Integrated Gasification Technology higher efficiency of 40-

    45%

    Reduction in T & D losses All India T&D losses- 28.65%in 2006-07. Aim to bring down to 15%

    R & M of old thermal power stations Benefits of

    CDM to be extended to overcome fund constraints

    Energy Efficiency improvement

    TECHNOLOGIES USED ATCENTRAL ELECTRICITY

    AUTHORITY

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    COMBUSTION STAGE

    Adoption of Supercritical technology Ultra supercritical (USC) and advanced USC

    technology

    Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion ( CFBC)

    Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

    In-Situ gasification

    Low NOx burners

    Oxy-fuel combustion

    Clean coal technologies( CCT) have pollution

    abatement in energy conversion process soexternal environmental control equipments not

    required

    MINISTRY OF POWER

    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

    UNIT-WISE DETAILS OF I C (coal +

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    UNIT WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal +lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)

    UNIT SIZE INMW

    NO. OFUNITS

    CAPACITY(MW) DESIGNEFFICIENCY(%)

    ActualOperating

    Efficiency(%)

    Upto 100 95 5634 28.2 to 31.3

    >100 &

    upto 199

    73 8440 34.4

    200/210 157 33,580 35.6 to

    37.04

    250 17 4,250 38.3

    500 36 18,000 38.6

    Sub-critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th, 13th

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    Sub critical units in 10 , 11 , 12 13

    & 14th Plans

    600 MW

    (nos)

    500 MW

    (nos)

    250/300

    /330

    MW

    (nos)

    200/210

    MW

    (nos)

    125/135

    MW

    (nos)

    Total

    Subcritical

    MW

    10

    TH

    Plan 0 11 7 9 4 9620

    11TH Plan 8 42 62 6 14 45470

    12th Plan 7 20 12 0 2 18270

    13TH Plan 0 8 0 0 0 4000

    14th Plan 0 0 0 0 0 0

    Super-critical units in 10th , 11th , 12th ,

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    Super critical units in 10 , 11 , 12 ,

    13th & 14th Plans

    Total Sub

    critical

    MW

    660 MW

    (nos)

    800 MW

    (nos)

    Total

    Super

    critical MW

    Total MW

    10TH Plan 9620 0 0 0 9620

    11TH Plan 45470 7 1 5420 50890

    12th Plan 18270 25 33 42,900 61,170

    13TH Plan 4000 36 36 52,560 56,560

    14th Plan 0 45 52 71,300 71,300

    Comparison of S b critical/S per critical

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    Comparison of Sub-critical/Super critical

    Capacity In Various Plans (MW)

    9620

    45470

    18270

    400000

    5420

    42900

    52560

    71300

    0

    10000

    20000

    30000

    40000

    50000

    60000

    70000

    80000

    10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th Plan

    Sub-Critical Super Critical

    ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND

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    ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND

    EMISSION RATES

    All India thermal efficiency 32.44% (2006-07)

    (coal & lignite based plants)

    Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2

    /MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)

    Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission

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    End of

    The

    Plan

    Coal

    Based

    Capaci

    ty

    Addition

    (MW)

    Cumulati

    ve

    Coal

    Base

    dCapacity

    (MW)

    Total

    Gener

    ation

    from

    CoalBased

    Plants

    (BU)

    Coal

    Consumpti

    on

    (MT)

    Co2

    Emissio

    n

    (MT)

    Co2

    Emissio

    n per

    unit of

    ThermalGenerati

    on

    Expected

    Ther

    mal

    Effici

    ency

    Total Ash

    Genera

    tion

    (MT)

    11th Plan 50240 116610 708 492 722 1.02 35.3 182

    12th Plan 58485 175095 1164 785 1152 0.99 36.4 278

    13th Plan 56500 231595 1542 1028 1507 0.97 36.85 363

    14th Plan 72000 303595 2033 1337 1961 0.96 37.3 471

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    Requirement Of Planning Process

    Data of Existing PlantsOutage Rate, Heat Rate, Auxiliary Consumption,

    Monthly Energy If Hydro Project, Coal Price

    Data,Capacity (MW),Life of the plant,Capital Cost, Executing Agency

    Candidate Projects

    Demand data

    Load Curves

    Hourly demand data of Past one Year

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    Planning Models In CEA

    Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN)

    Expansion Generation Electric Analysis

    System (EGEAS)

    Multysym Model

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    Thank You