power supply topologies for metering applications · metrology in poly phase smps 3.3/5 v 10 to 15...
TRANSCRIPT
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Power Supply topologies for
Metering Applications
EMEA Marketing & Application team
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Agenda
• Power supply requirements
• AC/DC topologies for single- and three-phase meters
• ST component selection and usage
• Application reference designs
• AC/DC converters & controllers
• DC/DC converters
• Low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs)
• Power MOSFETs for Metering
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Metering SMPS Requirements
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Power supply requirements - Input
• Single phase
• From 60 to 180 VAC
• To 265 to 300 VAC
• In short periods of time (6 hours – one week)
• To 440 to 500 VAC
• Preferred single rectifier – for non-isolated SMPS
• Poly phase
• From 60 to 180 VAC
• To 440 to 500 VAC
• Input connection
• Bridge connection – SMPS works even if only 2 wires are connected
• Single rectifier – SMPS stops working if the Neutral is disconnected
• Common requirements – high level of surge protection (4 to 6 kV)
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Power supply requirements - Output
• Simple e-meter
• No communication – only measurement and data processing
• Output power: ~ 1 to 5 W
• Output voltage: 3.3/5 V – typical supply for MCU, metering, and display
• Smart e-meter – includes communication – PLC, GSM
• Output power
• Average: 2 to 6 W
• Peak power: up to 5 to 15 W
• Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V
• Concentrator
• Output power: 10 to 25 W
• Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V
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Power supply requirements - Others
• Operating frequency
• The communication frequency of Smart meters is typically between 60
and 100 kHz
• Therefore, the preferred operating frequency is > 100 kHz
• Magnetic field immunity
• The SMPS must be able to survive magnetic fields up to 0.5 T!!!
• Distance of field source to SMPS – several centimeters
• Typically the SMPS must survive, but operation can be halted
• In certain cases, limited operation may also be required in this condition
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e-meter
E-meter supply topology
PLM
MCU
Metrology
Human
interface
Metrology in poly
phase
SMPS
3.3/5 V
10 to 15 V
3.3/5V ISO
//
An SMPS consists of:
• AC/DC converter
• 10 to 15 V – communication – typically
directly generated by AC/DC
• 3.3/5V – MCU and other circuits
• Directly generated by SMPS
• + simple, - lower precision
• DC-DC from 10 to 15 V
• + more components, - precision
of both outputs is good
• LDO – either from unregulated output
of AC/DC or from 10 to 15 V
• 3.3V/5V ISO – mandatory for 3-phase e-
meter using shunts – either isolated DC-
DC or other output from AC/DC from
transformer
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AC/DC - Topologies
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AC/DC Topologies applicable for Metering SMPS
BUCK converter – eMetersFLYBACK converter
SMART meters and Concentrators
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Buck Converter Limitations and Advantages
• Output
• 5 to 15 V, up to 300 mA (Viper26)
• Tolerance ±1 V
• Input
• Considering 100 V surge pulse up to 700 VDC
• It means 500 VAC
• Minimum voltage from 40 VDC (Viper06) to 100 VDC (Viper26)
• Operating frequency
• 30 or 60 kHz for Viper06
• 60 kHz for Viper16 or Viper26
• 115 kHz recommended only in case of 15 V output and no operation in CCM
• Applicable components
• Viperx6, Viperx1
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Flyback Converter Limitations and Advantages
• Output
• Any voltage (typically 3.3V and 15V)
• Simple to realize more outputs
• High precision for one output (±3%)
• Power
• Altair04-900: 4 to 12 W (peak)
• Viperx1/6: 12 to 20 W
• L6566BH: Up to 30 W (in fact, not limited)
• Input maximum
• Viper: Up to 440 VAC for a limited time
• Altair04-900: Up to 460 VAC (permanent connection)
• L6566BH + 950V/1.2kV MOSFET: Up to 500 VAC
• Operating frequency
• Typically above 100 kHz (115 kHz, 100 to 130 kHz)
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ST components selection and usage
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RV1
L1
D5
STTH108
D4
STTH108
C5
C1
C6
L2
R6
R1
R4 R3
C3R7
GND
5 - 12V
3.3V
D1
~ACC4 PWM
Controller
R5
C8
Drain
GND
VDD FB
COMP LIM
U1
D3
C2
R2
IN OUT
GND
LR
U2
D2
C7
Simple e-Meter – Buck converter
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
VIPerPlus family
Off-line converters (controller + HV MOSFET)
VIper06X, Viper06L, Viper01X, Viper11X, Viper16L, Viper26L LDK220, LDL212, ST715
Regulators
Monolithic solution
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RV1
L1
C5
C1
R6
R1
R7
~ACC4
D8D2
Drain
GND
VDD
FB
COMP LIM
U1
C8
D5 STTH108
R10
C9
D6
R9
R12
D3
D7
T1
GND
R11
D4
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C3
C2
PWM
Controller
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
VIPerPlus family
Off-line converters (controller + HV
MOSFET)
Viper01H, Viper11H, Viper06H,
Viper16H, and Viper26H
1- phase meter, Concentrator – Flyback no isol.
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – limitation 800V MOSFET
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R22~AC
R23
R7
10k
R6
R8
C3
100n
D8
Q1
STx2N95K5
T1
D9
R9
C12
C13
C422uF/35V
D3 STTH108
C9C14
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6U1
L6566BH
D4
C10
C8
D2
C5
C622uF/400V
RV1
D6R1
C15
D7
C1122uF/400V
R18
R4
L1
+
-
U2
D5
R20
GND
10V - 15V
3.3V - 5V
R21
1- phase meter, Concentrator – Flyback no isol
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Standard OA
TS391
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
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~ACC3
D2D1
Drain
GND
VDD
ZCD/FB
COMP IREF S
U1 Altair04-900
C7
D6 STTH108
R5
C8
D7R4
D3
D4
T1
PWM
Controller
GND
R6
D5
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C4
C2
R7C6
D8D9R8
D10D11R9
RV2
RV3
RV1
L1
C5
C1
R2
R1
R3
3-phase meter – Flyback, single rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge
suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V –
200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 – 9W
Altair04-900
Off-line converters (controller + 900V
MOSFET)
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R22~AC
R23
R7
10k
R6
R8
C3
100n
D8
Q1
STx2N95K5
T1
D9
R9
C12
C13
C422uF/35V
D3 STTH108
C9C14
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6
U1
L6566BH
D4
C10
C8
D2
D10R2
D11
D12R3
D13
RV2
RV3
C5
C622uF/400V
RV1
D6R1
D7
C15
C1122uF/400V
R18
R4
L1
+
-
U2
D5
R20
GND
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
R21
3-phase meter – Flyback, single rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Standard OA
TS391
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
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C3
Drain
GND
VDD
ZCD/FB
COMP IREF S
U1 Altair04-900
C7
D6 STTH108
R5
C8
D7R4
D3D4
T1
PWM
Controller
GND
R6
D5
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C4
C2RV1
RV2
RV3
- +
D2
- +
D9
R1
R8
R9
R7C6
C9
L1
C5
C1
R2
R3
3-phase meter – Flyback, bridge rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge
suppressor
(400W – 600W; 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 – 9W
Altair04-900
Off-line converters (controller + 900V
MOSFET)
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R7
L1
D1
T1
D4C2
C1
GND
10V - 15V
3.3V - 5V
RV1
RV2
RV3
- +
D5
- +
D7
R1 15R
R3 15R
R5 15R
C8
C6
R11
R6
C3
R4
Q1
STx2N95K5
R16
1nF/Y1C5
R8
C4
C9
U3TL431
R12U2
R14
D3STTH108
C11
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6
U1
L6566BH
D6R2
R15 C12
R9
C10
R13
R17
D2
C7
R10
D8
3-phase meter – Flyback, bridge rectifier
Ultrafast high-
voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky
diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage
surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V
– 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ,
P6KE
ADJ Voltage
Reference
family
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
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Reference designs
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Demo board - STEVAL-ISA010V1Super Wide Input Range Viper16 Buck Converter
■ Buck topology
■ Common Neutral
■ Input voltage range: 85 to 500 VAC
■ Output voltages: 12V and 5V
■ Output current (max.): 150 mA (total for both outputs)
■ Conductive EMI EN55022 Class B
■ Stand-by less than 100 mW at 230 VAC
Documentation: AN2872
R9 1k
C7 1n8
R2 750k
R5 750k
R6 750k
R8 750k
C1
150n/X2
D3
1N4007
L1 2.2mH
D5STTH108
D6
15V
D2
STTH108
C310u/450V
C910uF/35V
C5220uF/25V
L2 1mH
R1 22R
R4
9k1
R3
24k
12
J1
85 - 500VACC2150n/X2
C610uF/35V
1
2
3
J2
Output
C8
100n
D1 1N4148
3 1
2
VOUTVIN
GND
U2 L78L05
D4
1N4007
Drain7
Drain8
S1
VDD2
FB4
CO
MP
5
LIM
3
U1 Viper16
C410u/450V
R7 N.A.
21
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Demo board - STEVAL-ISA105V1Power supply for energy meter and power line
modem based on Altair04-900
■ Flyback
■ Input voltage range: 90 to 480 VAC
■ Output power: 7W peak
■ Output voltages: 5, 3.3, and 12V
Documentation: AN4154
22
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AC-DC converters and controllers
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VIPerPlus FamilyAdvanced controller with embedded 800V Power MOSFET
Robustness and Reliability
800V Power MOSFET, thermal shutdown, soft start, OLP protection, auto-restart
Energy saving
Power consumption less than 30mW at no load
High integration
Direct feedback, jittering, HV start-up
Flexibility
power scalability up to 12W, no auxiliary winding, clamp-less design, no CM EMC filter
Output
rectification and
filtering
Input
rectification and
filtering
Feedback
..directly
from AC Mains
voltage...
.. to +/- DC bus
(3V3, 5V, 12V)
to supply:
~
Microcontroller
PWM driver
Relay
PWM
Controller
24
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ST Offline Converters Overview 25
32W350mA
19W (900V)Ext RSENSE
7W700mA
4.5W1 / 1.15A
24W400mA
14WExt RSENSE
20W480/600 mA
VIPer06 VIPer16
VIPer25
VIPer26
VIPer28
VIPer27
Altair 04 Altair 05
VIPer17
800V
5W 8W 12W 15WFly-back Converter85-265VAc
VIPerPlus*7
VIPerPlus*8
VIPerPlus*5
VIPerPlus*6
Altair0*
VIPerPlus0P
VIPerPlus*1
Buck Converter 150mA 200mA 350mA
VIPer38
VIPer37
VIPer35
VIPer11VIPer01
VIPer0P
In development
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CC/CV regulation with no opto-coupler
Avalanche rugged internal power MOSFET Internal HV start-up circuit
Quasi-resonant ZVS operation
Valley skipping at medium-light load
Burst mode operation at no-load for under 60 mW consumption
Automatic self-supply
Input voltage feed-forward for mains-independent CC regulation
Overcurrent protection against transformer saturation and secondary
diode short circuit
Low quiescent current (< 1 mA)
7W5W
ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05
Maximum output power for VIN = 85 to 265 VAC
ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05
Breakdown voltage 900 V 800 V
Resistance Drain Source
(Tj = 25°C)16 Ω 11 Ω
Minimum Drain start-up
voltage50 V 50 V
Supply voltage range 11.5 to 23 V 11.5 to 23 V
Main features
eDesignSuite supported
ALTAIR family: Off-line all-primary sensing switching regulator
Off-line converters
Altair04-900
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L6566 family: Multi-mode controllers
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Fixed frequency or quasi resonant operations Advanced light load management
On-board high-voltage start-up generator Low quiescent current (< 3 mA)
Adaptive UVLO
Line feed-forward for constant power capability vs mains voltage
Pulse-by-pulse OCP, shutdown on overload (latched or auto-restart)
Transformer saturation detection
Latched or auto-restart OVP
Brownout protection
-600/+800 mA totem pole gate driver with active pull-down during
ULVO
SO16N package
L6566A
Controllers with selectable
quasi-resonant (QR) or fixed-frequency (FF) operation
Common features
Suited
for SMPS
with PFC front end
L6566B L6566BH
Suited
for single
stage SMPS
Suited
for single
stage SMPS running off
rectified 3-phase input
line
840V high-voltage
start-up
700V high-voltage start-up700V high-voltage start-up
Programmable
frequency modulation
for EMI reduction
Programmable
frequency modulation
for EMI reduction
Switched supply
rail for PFC
controller
eDesignSuite supported
Primary controllers
Industrial: Off-line SMPS ICs
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DC-DC converters
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DC-DC – post regulation 29
ST1S4x ST1S5x
L6984
High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.)
Low BOM
Cost-effective
Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x)
AC-DC
SMPS
DC-DC
Buck
DC-DC
Buck
11 – 15V5V
3.3V
AC-DC
SMPS
DC-DC
Buck
11 – 15V
5V
3.3V
DC-DC
Buck1.2V
ST1S31/32, ST1S12
(ST1S4x and ST1S5x)
High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.)
Low BOM
Cost-effective
Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x)
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Linear Regulators:
Low quiescent current LDOs30
• Ultra low quiescent current (Iq)
(down to 1.4 µA)
• Very low dropout
• Wide range of miniaturized packages
• Output current from 50 to 150 mA
• Extended input voltage range (up to 24V on
ST715)
• Maximize battery life
• Reduce standby power consumption
• Minimized PCB area occupation
• Easy design and implementation
Main benefits
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LDOs
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Linear Regulators:
Cost-effective LDOs32
LDK120
• 200 mA, low dropout, Noise reduction pin
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDK130
• 300 mA, low dropout, Noise reduction pin
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDK220
• 200 mA, low dropout
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDKxx:
Low current (up to 300mA)
LDL112
• 1.2A, very low dropout, Reverse current protection
• Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm
LDL212
• 1.2A, very low dropout
• Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm
LDLxx:
Medium current (1.2 A)
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Power MOSFETs for metering applications
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K5 Power MOSFET Series
PowerFLAT 5*6 HV
D2PAK
Widest Super-Junction MOSFET Product Portfolio • 800V, 900V, 950V, 1050V, 1200V, up to 1500V
BEST silicon performance in the Market• Outstanding RDS(on) to optimize efficiency
Designed for High Efficiency• Ultra-low gate charge (Qg) for faster switching
• Low Ciss and Coss for reduced energy losses
Higher power density, Best-in-class RDS(on) MDmesh™ K5 series
TO-247 TO-220FP wide Creepage
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MDmesh™ K5 series selection SMPS < 75 W
BVDSS[V] RDS(on)[Ω] Max ID [A] Sales Type Packages
800
3.25 2.4 STx3LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP
2.6 3 STx4LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP
1.75 3.8 STx5N80K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/I2PAKFP
1.15 5.6 STx7LN80K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/DPAK, I2PAKFP /IPAK / PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV
0.90 7.2 STx9N80K5 TO-247 /TO-220 / TO-220FP/I2PAKFP/DPAK/ PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV
0.610 8.5 STx10LN80K5 TO-220/ TO-220FP/DPAK / I2PAKFP&PowerFLAT 5x6 HV
0.445 12 STx14N80K5 TO-220FP / D2PAK/I2PAKFP
900
2,1 3 STx4N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP
1,10 6 STx6N90K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / I2PAK/ TO- 220FP/TO-247
0,81 7 STx7N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 /FP/TO-247
0,68 8 STx8N90K5 D2PAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/TO-247
950
5 2 STx2N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK
2.5 3.5 STx5N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK
1.25 9 STx6N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK / TO-247/ H2PAK
0.8 8 STx10N95K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO-247/D2PAK
1050
8 1.5 STx2N105K5 DPAK;IPAK;TO-220;TO-3PF
3.5 3 STx5N105K5 TO-220 / FP
2 4 STx7N105K5 TO-247/ TO-220 / FP
1.3 6 STx10N105K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO-247
120010 1.5 STx1N120K5 TO-220
2.4 6 STx8N120K5 TO-220 /H2PAK / TO-247
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eDesignSuite
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eDesignSuite is a software platform that helps developers
select the right product for power conversion and speeds up
the design-in
AC-DC & DC-DC converters are supported by eDesignSuite
• Go to my.st.com/analogsimulator
• Register the first time and log in
• Insert your design specifications
• Get the suitable products
• Choose one, simulate and purchase
• Circuit BOM
• Electrical waveforms
• Additional information (stability, efficiency, etc.)
eDesignSuite 37
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eDesignSuite 38
Defined specsComponents that can be fine-tuned
Operating
point
Waveforms Efficiency Bode
plotsLosses
split
Standard functions