power system and asset models - opal-rt

POWER SYSTEM AND ASSET MODELS

OPAL-RT SEMINARMODEL-BASED DESIGN FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS

16/03/2017

DR. FLORIN IOV

Content

S M A R T E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S L A B O R A T O R YA A L B O R G U N I V E R S I T Y

D i s t r i b u t i o n G r i d s M o d e l s B a l a n c e o f P l a n t s – W i n d P o w e rTr a n s m i s s i o n S y s t e m M o d e l sL o w B a n d w i d t h A s s e t M o d e l sM e d i u m B a n d w i d t h A s s e t M o d e l s

Distribution Grid Models


• Two 60/20 kV Transformers– 16 MVA each

• Ten 20 kV feeders• 3 fixed speed wind turbine• Increasing residential PV installations• Gas turbine based 9 MW CHP• Detailed data available from 3 feeders

– STCE– MAST– SØRP



• All feeders are aggregated,ratings of cables,transformers and assets aremodified

• DER units - aggregated– Wind turbines (15MW)– Solar PVs (15MW)

• Different load types -aggregated

– Industry,– Agriculture,– Supermarket,– Residential,– Other Commercial

• Residential feeder connectedto B8 is representative feederfor detailed analysis on LVgrid



+ 133 Users- 118 Domestic Ussers: 88.72%

- 11 Domestic Usser with EH:12.5%- 5 Commercial Ussers: 3.75%- 9 Agricutural Ussers: 6.76 %- 1 Industrial Usser: 0.75%



Aggregated Demand profile – Industrial Aggregated Demand profile – Agriculture

Aggregated Demand profile – Residential Aggregated Demand profile – Commercial



Three feeders- 1 connected as radial,

other two as ring type Aggregated 38 residential loads connected with solar PVs

• ePhasor imp lemementa t ion in Opa l -RT• Cur ren t sources in nodes (DER, househo ld , e tc . )• Load/Genera t ion p ro f i les imp lemented in o ther computers and send

v ia UDP to Opa l -RT -> reduce compi la t ion and bu i ld ing t ime• D i f fe ren t var ian ts fo r bo th MV and LV gr ids accord ing to ta rge ted

s tud ies• One LV feeder imp lemented in eMegas im ->

unba lances /asymmet r ies• Used fo r

• ac t i ve / reac t i ve power con t ro l o f renewab les• Demand response• Power qua l i t y ana lys is



http://www.smartc2net.eu/public-deliverables/control-framework-and-models/@@download/document/SmartC2Net_D4.1.pdf

http://www.smartc2net.eu/public-deliverables/final-results-from-laboratory-tests/@@download/document/SmartC2Net_D6.3_final.pdf

ePhasor imp lementa t ion in Opa l -RTParameters f rom an UK based wind power p lan tEx te rna l g r id based on Theven in Equ iva len t

• SCR and X /R35 WTGs: s ta te -space mode ls as cur ren t sources

Balance of Plant - Wind Power


Wind Power Plant Control Optimisation with Embedded Application of Wind Turbines and STATCOMs, Lennart Petersen and Fitim Kryezi, June 2015, MScThesis

Transmission System Models


Typically wind integration studies are based on a simple Thevenin equivalentvoltage source:

Model adequacy vs. type of studies:

Feature Thevenin Multi‐bus, multi‐machine

Fault ride‐through Yes Yes

Fault propagation No Yes

Reactive power control Yes Yes

Voltage control and voltage stability Yes (local)/No(system) Yes

Active power control Yes Yes

Primary frequency control and frequency stability No Yes

Inertial response No Yes

Small signal stability and damping control No Yes



• Focus on la rge f requency excurs ions & osc i l l a to ry modes • Iner t ia l response and sys tem damping func t iona l i t i es

• Deve lopers : Andrze j Adamczyk , Muf i t A l t in (2010-2011)• Or ig ina l l y a Mat lab /S imu l ink based Too l• Used in the i r PhD pro jec ts

• Power Fac to ry imp lementa t ion (2012-2013) as par t o f EaseWind Pro jec t

Modified 12-bus System

Generic 12-Bus Test System for Wind Power Integration Studies. / Adamczyk, Andrzej Grzegorz; Altin, Müfit; Göksu, Ömer; Teodorescu, Remus; Iov, Florin.Proceedings of the EPE Joint Wind Energy and T&D Chapters Seminar. EPE Association, 2012.Publikation: Konferenceartikel i proceeding

Damping of Low Frequency Power System Oscillations with Wind Power Plants. / Adamczyk, Andrzej Grzegorz. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 2012. 239 s. PhD thesis

Dynamic Frequency Response of Wind Power Plants. / Altin, Müfit.Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 2012. 201 s. PhD thesis



Wind integration operational scenarios

* Source: National Grid (www.nationalgrid.com)

Case 0% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

CPP [GW] 2.0 = = = - - -

Load [GW] 1.5 + + + = = =

WPP [GW] 0.0 + + + + + +




0 5 10 15 20 25 300.975

0.980

0.985

0.990

0.995

1.000

1.005

1.010

Time (sec)

Freq

uenc

y (p

u)

0% wind (base case)5% wind (100MW wind power)10% wind (200MW wind power)20% wind (400MW wind power)30% wind (600MW wind power)40% wind (750MW wind power)50% wind (850MW wind power)

0 5 10 15 20 25 300.975

0.980

0.985

0.990

0.995

1.000

1.005

1.010

Time (sec)

Freq

uenc

y (p

u)

Base Case (Slow governors)Case2 (Medium-speed governors)Case3 (Fast governors)Frequency performance


Oscillatory performance

ModeNo.

Dampedrequency

Dampingratio

1 0.95 Hz 7.6 %

2 0.93 Hz 5.1 %

3 0.77 Hz 0.5 %

4 4.24 Hz 57.6 %

5 1.16 Hz 47.4 %

6 0.77 Hz 25.0 %

7 0.58 Hz 33.2 %

Controlmodes

Swing modes

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200.9970

0.9975

0.9980

0.9985

0.9990

0.9995

1.0000

1.0005

1.0010

1.0015

1.0020

t [s]

[p

.u.]

G1G2G3G4

Generator speeds after small disturbance



• Cur ren t S ta tus• Gr id topo logy + genera to rs -> ePhasor imp lementa t ion• Exc i te rs+Pr ime Movers

• as ex te rna l d isc re te mode ls• cha l lenges in in tegra t ion

• Wind Power p lan ts as cur ren t sources• Cur ren t l y in tes t ing and ver i f i ca t ion aga ins t Power Fac to ry

imp lementa t ion


Low Bandwidth Asset Models


• Or ig ina l l y deve loped as a Ma t l ab too l f o r con t ro l s tud ies i n Smar tC2Ne t• Trans la ted i n S imu l i nk Re l2012b• Compa t i b i l i t y check w i th Opa l -RT• Bandw id th o f mode ls <0 .2 Hz• Ex i s t i ng mode ls

• Wind tu rb ines /p l an ts• So la r PV sys tems • Energy s to rage• OLTC con t ro l• W ind p ro f i l es• So la r i r r ad iance p ro f i l es

i nc lud i ng c loud e f fec t• Ava i l ab l e soon on Lab ’s webpage

DiSC ToolboxOpal

http://kom.aau.dk/project/SmartGridControl/DiSC/

Medium Bandwidth Asset Models


Wind Turbine / Plant

Power Limiter PRamp Rate Limiter P

extrefP _ refP

Power Limiter QRamp Rate Limiter Q

_ref extQ

WT_PoCP

outQ 11 rQsT

avaP

WT_PoCQ

Response Time Q Loop

PQChart

PQ CapabilityChart

P ControlMethodSelector

extP

Power Curtailment Limit

11 rPsT

Response TimeP Loop

outP

refQ

P

avaP

Control Method

avaQ

GC

Grid Converter

DCPwindv 11 s

_wind echv

Power CurveRotor Inertia Effect

Features• Mode l bandwid th 0 .2 -1 Hz• Usage

• S imp le WTG or Aggregated w ind power p lan ts• kW or MW WTG• Cont ro l and s tab i l i t y

Cur ren t l y used : RePlan Pro jec t , MSc pro jec ts



Solar PV System

Features• Mode l bandwid th 0 .2 -1 Hz• Usage

• kW or MW so la r PV• Cont ro l and s tab i l i t y• Cur ren t l y : RePlan Pro jec t , MSc pro jec ts

extrefP _ refP

_ref extQ

SPV_PoCP

outQ 11 rQsT

avaP

SPV_PoCQ

aT

fG11 fSPVsT

DCPG

extP

11 rPsT

outP

refQ

P

avaP

avaQ



3-phase Household power profiles

Features• Deve loped by 3 rd semeste r BSc s tudents• Mode l bandwid th 1 Hz• Genera te random probab i l i s t i c power p ro f i l es o r con t ro l AC loads• Gr id in tegra t ion , s tab i l i t y, power qua l i t y

• Pa t te rn -based Created f rom co l lec ted t races based on de lay CDFs

• Pat te rns a re matched w i th t ra f f i c packe ts to requ i red behav io r

in t ime dr i ven mode

• Cont ro l over de lay changes and packe t losses

• Transpor t Layer Pro toco l (UDP / TCP)

• Se lec t ion o f In fo rmat ion Access Scheme

• Proac t i ve (Per iod ic /Even t -based)

• Reac t i ve (Reques t -Response based)

Communication Module


Communication Module


Network_Emulator

Receiving-End Sending-End Communication Module

• Wide range o f mode ls (0 .2 – 5Hz)• Usage: smar t g r id and w ind power con t ro l• Other mode ls under imp lementa t ion

• Bat te ry (s tab i l i t y and con t ro l s tud ies - 50Hz)• Deta i led WTG (s tab i l i t y and con t ro l s tud ies – 50Hz)• Deta i led so le r PV (s tab i l i t y and con t ro l s tud ies – 50Hz)• IEC 61400-27-2 – WTG/WPP (s tab i l i t y mode ls - 50Hz)• Smal l Combined Heat and Power P lan t (50Hz)• ….

Summary


power system and asset models - opal-rt

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