POWER SYSTEM POWER SYSTEM LABORATORYLABORATORY

Department of Electrical Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology

Tokyo, JAPAN Tokyo, JAPANResearch TopicsResearch Topics

MemberMember

Goro FUJITA, Associate ProfessorGoro FUJITA, Associate Professor

Doctor Course Student D3 : 1Doctor Course Student D3 : 1 ，， D2 : D2 : 11

Master Course Student M2 : 2Master Course Student M2 : 2

Undergraduate Course Student B4 : 11Undergraduate Course Student B4 : 11

Generation, transmission, and distribution systemGeneration, transmission, and distribution system Dispersed type generation systemDispersed type generation system Energy management of transportation systemEnergy management of transportation system

Research InterestResearch Interest

generationgeneration transmission power electronics control system

urban development apparatus

new energyplantnew vehiclenew transportation

Simulation, Optimization, and

Hybrid configuration regarding

Energy management

Power System LaboratoryVehicle research group

Present topics 　（ 1 ） Building of highly accuracy simulation model for automobile's power system（ 2 ） Improvement and evaluation of automobile's battery lifetime（ 3 ） Simultaneous experimental study using EDLC for automobile's power systemFuture topics（ 1 ） Expansion of automobile's power system simulation model（ 2 ） Building of optimal energy management system (ex. Hybrid system)（ 3 ） Supplemental experiments using EDLC and buttery

warm globalization electrification

request for efficientuse of energy

Automobile’s power system modeling

transmission

engine

alternator

Element for simulation model construction

Cruising pattern 10/15 mode

Transmission simulate gear shift pattern

Alternator detailed measured model

Battery charge and discharge characteristic model

Load net resistances for lamp, starter, etc

Optimization of energy system management

Belt

Battery

Loads

2-series 12V battery

Shaft

Electric wire

EngineTransmission

AlternatorPower system

Model resistance and capacitorDetailed battery model

Employing EDLC

Combine EDLC toimprove battery’s lifetime

Deficient of generated energy

Covered by battery

Deterioration ofbattery

Therefore…

Onsite / small-scale experiments

Insufficient terms in numerical simulation study are reinforced by experiments using commercial vehicles and small circuits

DC

INPUT28

C

RDC

[V]

CONTROL

　 DC-DC

CONVERTOR

Measurement of alternator characteristic, Dec. 2006

(1)Modeling of fuel cell dynamics(2)Supply and demand control of micro grid(3)Numerical analysis of co-generation system

Oil exhaust Warm globalization Electric deregulation

Member

M2 : Yoshio UNO

B4 : Yuki CHIBAI

B4 : Takayasu TAKAHASHI

B4 : Hiroaki MATSUMOTO

B4 : Akito WATANABE

M2 : Toru TOYOSHIMA (Hosei University)

Power System LaboratoryDispersed type power source group

Increase of new energy and dispersed type power source

Promotion of effective use

Supply and demand control of micro grid

wind farm

fuel cell (10MW)

gas turbine (100MW)

Load

load

Conventional grid

Micro-grid

system interconnection

Controlcenter

Small-scale grid combining several quipments such as natural energy sources and power storage devices

What is micro grid?

Compatibility of environment and reliabilityHigh efficiency operation by integrated controlEmploying new power source

Merit

Discussion on power quality and control scheme

Purpose

Numerical modeling and analysisSolution

WindGenerators

Gas turbine

Load

－

Fuel Cells

+

+

+DsM

1

power condition angular frequency

Large Grid

－

+s

1phase angle

sinθX

VV rsControl Centertie line power flow

・

・

random

constant

WindGenerators

Gas turbine

Load

－

Fuel Cells

+

+

+DsM

1

DsM

1

power condition angular frequency

Large Grid

－

+s

1

s

1phase angle

sinθX

VV rs sinθX

VV rsControl Centertie line power flow

・

・

random

constant

Grid interconnection typeStability using secondary batteryReduction of battery

Research achievement

Modeling of fuel cell dynamics

Nernt’s equation

electric loss

thermodynamic model

FCdemand control

electro chemicalequations

anode

electrolyte

cathode

fuel processor

air compressor

fuel cell stack

inverter AC grid or load

power demand

partial pressure

sensitive heat

mole density temperatur

e

cell voltage

fuel supplycommand Load following characteristic and

thermal dynamic characteristic

Purpose

Construct and analysis based on numerical model

Solution

Results

Contrast with measured valueApplication for co-generation analysis

Future study

Power command and response Operating temperature

gas utility

electric utility apartment house

gas

electricity

FC

heated water storage tank

heated water

electric power storage device

option : WG or PV

Operation scheduling of co-generation system using fuel cellCost and CO2 exhaust evaluation

Purpose

Numerical analysis

Solution

\ 1,050,000

\ 1,100,000

\ 1,150,000

\ 1,200,000

\ 1,250,000

\ 1,300,000

\ 1,350,000

\ 1,400,000

\ 1,450,000

Price

[yen

]

0[kW] 10[kW] 20[kW] 30[kW]installed FC capacity [kW]

SOFCMCFCPEFC

Numerical analysis of co-generation system

Cost evaluation

FuelCell

X [kW]

Powerload

Thermal load

Powerload

Thermal load

Primary energyDemand

forPowersupply

Gasfor

ThermalSupply

CostFuelCell

X [kW]

Powerload

Thermal load

Powerload

Thermal load

Primary energyDemand

forPowersupply

forPowersupply

Gasfor

ThermalSupply

Gasfor

ThermalSupply

Electricity charge

Total

+Gas charge for FC

Gas charge for thermal demand not supplied by FC

Random output

Stabilized output

Power System LaboratoryExperiment group

Power quality analysis, stability control, and effective use of power system

SM DFM

RFC (100MVA) Stator Stator

Rotor p=10

RFC station (100MW) WF (100MW)

Grid

360min-1 10% Rotor p=10

AVR CC or GTO INV

AC 54-66Hz AC 60Hz

Frequency Speed Controller

AC Excitation z10%)

Transfer Power Ref.

DC Excitation

Smoothing by flywheel effect

Power system stabilization using RFC (Rotary Frequency Converter)

Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) : “Voltage Controller” 100MVar STATCON at Sullivan Substation (TVA)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time [s]

freq

uenc

y de

viat

ion

[Hz]

G1G2G3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time [s]

freq

uenc

y de

viat

ion

[Hz]

G1G2G3

Improvement of frequency

characteristic

Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) : “All Transmission Parameters Controller” 160MVA shunt and 160MVA series at Inez Substation (AEP)

Cited from : A. Edris, ‘FACTS Technology Development : An Update’, IEEE Power Engineering Review, March 2000

Convertible Static Compensator (CSC): “Flexible Multifunctional Compensator” 200 MVA at Marcy Substation (NYPA)

FACTS Controller “Back-To-Back HVDC Tie”, 20-50MW at Eagle Pass (CSW)

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC): “Line Impedance Controller” 208MVar TSCS at Slatt Substation (BPA)

reactor

thyristor

TCSC equivalent circuit

s r

AC

DC

AC

・

sVsss IQ�P･

11 QP 1DCI 33 QP

rrr IQ�P･

22 QP 2DCI 44 QP

13

42

・

rV

CQ CQ

Power System LaboratoryPower System Analysis group

HVDC equivalent circuit

13

REQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIA

U(kV)

tVoltage profile

Voltage Black Out(sag)

No Voltage BlackoutNo Voltage Blackout U

(kV)

tVoltage profile

Stable Voltage(Within Limit)

Stable VoltageStable Voltage

U(kV)

tVoltage profile

Sinusoidal wave form(*THD < 5%)Non – sinusoidal

wave form

No HarmonicsNo Harmonics UU

UVUW

UU

UV

UW

Unbalanced Voltage Ideal balanced Voltage

No Unbalanced VoltageNo Unbalanced Voltage

101V± 6V101V± 6V101V± 6V101V± 6V

*THD: Total Harmonic Distortion*THD: Total Harmonic Distortion

Power System LaboratoryPower quality group

14

Solution

Typical Dynamic Voltage Restorer TopologyTypical Dynamic Voltage Restorer Topology

Proposed device: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)

Principle : Inject a series voltage to improve voltage profile

IEEJ Technical Report (in Japanese) Joint research technical report by electric utilities, manufacturers, and universities under IEEJ (Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan)No.743 (1999) “Voltage and Reactive Power Control of Power System”No.869 (2002) “Nominal and Emergency Load Frequency Control of Power System” No.931 (2003) “Function of Automatic Power Dispatch System”No.977 (2004) ”Explanation of Power Dispatch Technical Terms”No.1025 (2005) “The Electric Power System Technique for Effective Use of the Dispersed Generation”No.1059 (2006) “Power System Operation Structure in New Environment”

Liberalization of Electricity Markets and Technological Issues Ed. Ryuichi Yokoyama and 14 authors, Tokyo Denkidai Publishing, September 2001 (in Japanese)

Publications