power system simulator demands for multiple control center training mikhail nesterenko ieee wgot...
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![Page 1: Power System Simulator Demands for Multiple Control Center Training Mikhail Nesterenko IEEE WGOT Workshop Orlando, FLDecember 6-7, 2011](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e205503460f94b0b1d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Power System Simulator Demands for
Multiple Control Center Training
Mikhail Nesterenko
IEEE WGOT WorkshopOrlando, FL December 6-7, 2011
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Motivation and Requirements
• complex interconnected power systems require management of multiple teams of operators in day-to-day and emergency conditions– adequate training is essential– potential training session types
• cooperation• joint system management under
non-emergency conditions• emergency response• competition
• simulation requirements– high fidelity is essential: instructor may
be remote cannot help trainee deal with simulation deficiencies and limitations
– need to provide networked training– support variety of industry SCADAs
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Outline
• Monitor Electric, Finist introduction• demo power system: Finist Energy• transitional process modeling• multi-control center training setup and
operation • lessons and challenges
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Monitor Electric Introduction• founded in 2003, core team together since early 90-ies
HQ in Pyatigorsk, Russian Federation (RF)130+ employees
• target market: information systems for control centers in electric power industry
• lines of business: software development, sales and 24/7 support
• products:– SCADA/EMS product line CK-2003, CK-2007, CK-11
installed in all RF System Operator control centers (CDO, IDO, RDO), all RF nuclear plants, Federal Grid Company offices and some individual utilities in RF and abroad
– operator training simulator Finist– electronic logbook, the standard for
operational record keeping in RF power companies
– online event and bids recording and clearance software for an electric powermanagement system
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FINIST• advanced operator training simulator• power system model
– models transitional and long-term system dynamics (200 ms down to 14 ms integration steps)– continuously computes dynamics and loadflow on basis of it– no theoretical limitations on size, computed 40,000 bus system in real-time– sophisticated tools for adapting the model for specific power system– CIM/GID from the ground up
• training– role-based, with dedicated
role workplaces– multi-control center support– sophisticated scenario
development and execution
• functionality– ease of integration with
industry SCADA/EMS– its own GUI– model navigation processor
• installations: 60 control centers in RF System Operator, United Dispatch Agency of Belarus, pilot in the US
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users in interact with Finist in roles; for each role Finist offers a workplace – a set of conveniently arranged tools; during training session Finist can play back pre-configured scenarios of faults or other external events
Finist Roles & Workspaces
• trainee – operator workplace presents standard tools for operator to control the system, used for backup of SCADA interface
• instructor – conducts training, provides responses of peer operators; workplace allows to start/stop/speedup simulation, launch scenarios, introduce disturbances, etc.
• examiner – evaluates training; workplace automates evaluation, maintains log, shows and plots “ground truth” system parameters, accumulates aggregate statistics about trainee’s performance
• technologist - configures and debugs technological parameters of a training session; catalogues scenarios and scenario components for quick access and reuse; contains two main components:
• scenario editor - configures and debugs a training scenario
• initial case editor – designs and troubleshoots starting case, presents the power system as hyper-linked set of objects
training time roles and workplaces
configuration workplaces
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7
power system modelCIM
server side
FINIST clients
Finist server
computation engine
Technologist’s Workplace
Instructor’s Workplace
Examiner’s Workplace
Trainee’s Workplace
SCADA/EMS
simulation time module
scenario playback module
HSDA module
external control center representation and communication module
GES module
GDA server
protection relay and otherequipment simulation modules
GID-compliant application
training session configuration package
scenarioXML
external clients
processing modules interface modules
client side
GDA
IEC 870.5.104IPC, OPC rtdbcon
HDSA GESGDA
HDSA GESGDA
system stateinstantiation
XML
training session clients
configurationclients
Finist Agent
FINIST Architecture
scenarioeditor
initial caseeditor
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Finist Multi-Site Training Setup
examiner
instructor
Finist serverSCADA/EMS
trainees
traineestrainees
SCADA/EMS
SCADA/EMS
site A site C
site Bphone communication
HSDA/GES
HSDA/GES
OPC
IPC
IEC 870-5-104
8
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Outline
• Monitor Electric, Finist introduction• demo power system: Finist Energy• transitional process modeling• multi-control center training setup and
operation • lessons and challenges
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Demo Power System: Finist Energy
Finist Energy (FE)• 3525 MW generation, ~4500 MW load• 7 power plants (nuclear, hydro, coal, gas)• 54 substations (138, 230, 500 kV)• 5 regions: Center, East, North, South, West• 5 flowgates• synchronous condensers, shunt reactors and
capacitors, SVC, phase-shifters
neighbors• Interconnection: 90 GW gen. 79+ GW load• Balancing Areas
1. 3.5 GW generation, 3.2 GW load2. 3.2 GW generation, 3.2 GW load3. 4 GW generation, 3.1 GW load
500 kV500 kV
230 kV 230 kV
500 kV500 kV
Balancing Area-2
230 kV230 kV
Finist Energy
Balancing Area-1
Interconnection
500 kV
Balancing Area-3
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Finist Energy Overview Diagram
energized linede-energized line
substation
500 kV
nuclearpowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
230 kV
thermal, hydropowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
138 kV
thermalpowerplant
238.8 voltage59.987 frequency 82 active power flow48 reactive power flow
neighbor area
137 flowgate
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Finist Energy Overview Diagram
energized linede-energized line
substation
500 kV
nuclearpowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
230 kV
thermal, hydropowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
138 kV
thermalpowerplant
238.8 voltage59.987 frequency 82 active power flow48 reactive power flow
neighbor area
137 flowgate
North
West
East
South
Center
FE Regions
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Finist Energy Overview Diagram
energized linede-energized line
substation
500 kV
nuclearpowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
230 kV
thermal, hydropowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
138 kV
thermalpowerplant
238.8 voltage59.987 frequency 82 active power flow48 reactive power flow
neighbor area
137 flowgate
Neighboring Areas
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Finist Energy Overview Diagram
energized linede-energized line
substation
500 kV
nuclearpowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
230 kV
thermal, hydropowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
138 kV
thermalpowerplant
238.8 voltage59.987 frequency 82 active power flow48 reactive power flow
neighbor area
137 flowgate
Powerplants
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Outline
• Monitor Electric, Finist introduction• demo power system: Finist Energy• transitional process modeling• multi-control center training setup and
operation • lessons and challenges
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simulation time increment
incoming event processing
system model parameter adjustment
topology change?
conversion to bus-branch form
yes
no
to next time period
external eventsfrom other modules
model state publication
model state infoto other modules
island processing thread
transitional dynamics
powerflow calculation
differential equation integration
long-term dynamics
powerflow calculation
differential equation integration
Transitional Process Modeling
• transitional dynamics – models rotation of each generator rotor with
separate system of differential and linear equations
– allows greater fidelity in simulating critical events: islanding, topology changes, emergency system states
– requires significant computational resources and time, traditionally not modeled
• long-term dynamics – assumes all rotors in same island rotate with the
same speed, rotor acceleration is averaged across island
– may lead to lack of powerflow convergence, incorrect system behavior
– faster, simpler to simulate
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energized linede-energized line
substation
500 kV
nuclearpowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
230 kV
thermal, hydropowerplant
energized linede-energized line
substation
138 kV
thermalpowerplant
238.8 voltage59.987 frequency 82 active power flow48 reactive power flow
neighbor area
137 flowgate
• contains two lines – Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line– Delaware-Crook 230 kV line
• connects East, South, BA-2 and BA-3 to rest of the system
• reliability constraint: 750 MW in either direction
Flowgate 2
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Example Contingency• loss of 500 MW generation unit at BA-3 overloads Flowgate 2: ~750 MW flows East
• breaker CB-10 at substation Tidd is under scheduled maintenance
• potential transformer at 500 kV Bus 1 at Tidd explodes
• bus protection system de-energizes Bus 1, opens connected breakers:
– tripping Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line
– leaving Flowgate 2 with only Delaware-Crook 230 kV line
• critical contingency: lack of state stability,
• rest depends on simulation method:
1. long-term dynamics only: forces powerflow computation convergence, leads to unrealistic single-island state with large voltage drop across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line
2. transitional processes, no out-of-step protection: all generators in East area trip out due to loss of synchronism
3. transitional processes, protection engaged (realistic): out-of-step relay executes at Delaware-Crook, line trips out, splitting system into two islands: main and East (with over 1000 MW deficit)
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1. Long Term Dynamics Only3180 A
after Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line trips• power flow across remaining Delaware-Crook 230 kV line goes
from ~12 MW to over 843 MW (unrealistic)• system remains connected, no generator trips, no swings, no outages
generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection
-Tidd trips
activ
e po
wer
flow
acr
oss
Del
awar
e-Cr
ook,
MW
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2. Transitional Processes, No Relays
500 kV line trip causes • out-of-step operation, • critical current swings across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line, • all East region generators eventually trip, system remains connected
generator trips at BA-3
Interconnection-Tidd trips
activ
e po
wer
flow
acr
oss
Del
awar
e-Cr
ook,
MW
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3. Transitional Processes, Relay Engaged
500 KV line trip leads to• out-of-step relay at Delaware-Crook 230 kV line detects out-of-step operation
and trips the line• system splits into two islands
generator trips at BA-3
Interconnection-Tidd trips
activ
e po
wer
flow
acr
oss
Del
awar
e-Cr
ook,
MW
relay islands East
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Outline
• Monitor Electric, Finist introduction• demo power system: Finist Energy• transitional process modeling• multi-control center training setup and
operation • lessons and challenges
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Wi-Fi
Demo Multi-Control Center Configuration
Finist serverinstructor
FE Simulation SupportComputing Center
FE South Regional Control Center trainee
trainee
third party SCADA
FINISTOperator’s Workplace
(emulating remote SCADA)
Laptop 3
Laptop 1
Laptop 2
FE Central DispatchHSD
A/GES
/GDA file exchange
responsibilities• maintains area interchange, frequency regulation• coordinates powerflow across 500 kV lines, implements switching on 500 kV substations and powerplants • contingency analysis, reliability maintenance
responsibilities• maintains voltage and reactive powerflows in the region• does operational switching on 138, 230 kV lines, substations, powerplants
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Example Training Session: East Split
after outage Finist Energy split into two islands: main and East (with ~1200 MW deficit)
Regional Control Center operator’s actions:
• orders New Tech Plant and Philo Plant to emergency generation pickup at 110% capacity
• sheds 50 MW load at Torrey substation
• resynchronizes with main island by closing Delaware-Crook line breaker at Crook
• eliminates low voltages by switching on banks capacitors
FE Central Dispatch operator’s actions:
• requests 200 MW generation pickup at BA-3
• requests 200 MW load shedding at BA-2
• assigns load frequency regulation at East island to BA-2
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Outline
• Monitor Electric, Finist introduction• demo power system: Finist Energy• transitional process modeling• multi-control center training setup and
operation • lessons and challenges
![Page 26: Power System Simulator Demands for Multiple Control Center Training Mikhail Nesterenko IEEE WGOT Workshop Orlando, FLDecember 6-7, 2011](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e205503460f94b0b1d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Multi-Center Training: Lessons and Challenges• advantages compared to single site
– significantly greater realism of operator’s work environment:no visual feedback – only SCADA/EMS and phone communication
– distributed training sessions are not as disruptive to operator work schedule
• distributed training session preparation– instructors from multiple sites need to participate in initial case and scenario preparation and
troubleshooting
• instructor cannot keep up with controlling and evaluating multiple trainees operating at once– split roles: instructor/examiner– automate examiner’s functions: separate workplace– examiner at every site
• to engage lower level operators (substations, powerplants) – need to incorporate switching simulator
• data model too complex for instructor– hard to understand: two many levels for dispatcher at any level to be familiar with – need to hide
complexity– hard to control: upper levels rely on lower-level human operators for details – need to replace with
sophisticated scenarios
• need to balance system realism with usability– realistic power plant pickup takes hours;– acceleration throws protection systems and generator controls off trackmajor goal: maximum effectiveness of operator training
Thank youAny questions?