MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

SCHEME AND SYLLABI

FOR

M. Tech. DEGREE PROGRAMME

IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

WITH SPECIALIZATION IN

POWER SYSTEMS

(2011 ADMISSION ONWARDS)

1

SCHEME AND SYLLABI FOR M. Tech. DEGREE PROGRAMME IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WITH SPECIALIZATION IN POWER SYSTEMS

SEMESTER - I

Sl.

No. Course No. Subject

Hrs / Week Evaluation Scheme (Marks)

Credi

ts (C) L T P

Sessional

ESE Total TA CT

Sub

Total

1 MEEPS101 Applied mathematics 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

2 MEEPS102 Optimization of power system

operation 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

3 MEEPS103 Computer applications in power

systems 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

4 MEEPS104 Analysis of power electronic systems 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

5 MEEPS105 Elective - I 3 0 0 25 25 50 100 150 3

6 MEEPS106 Elective-II 3 0 0 25 25 50 100 150 3

7 MEEPS107 Power system simulation lab 0 0 3 25 25 50 100 150 2

8 MEEPS108 Seminar-I 0 0 2 50 - 50 0 50 1

Total 18 4 5 225 175 400 700 1100 25

Elective I (MEEPS 105) Elective II (MEEPS 106)

MEEPS 105.1 Dynamics of linear systems MEEPS 106.1 Analysis of ac machines

MEEPS 105.2 Distributed generation MEEPS 106.2 Nonlinear control theory

MEEPS 105.3 Power system planning MEEPS 106.3 Optimal control theory

MEEPS 105.4 Power system monitoring and

instrumentation MEEPS 106.4 Power distribution systems

L Lecture, T Tutorial, P Practical TA Teachers Assessment (Assignments, attendance, group discussion, Quiz, tutorials, seminars,

etc.) CT Class Test (Minimum of two tests to be conducted by the Institute) ESE End Semester Examination to be conducted by the University

Electives: New Electives may be added by the department according to the needs of emerging fields of technology. The name of the elective and its syllabus should be submitted to the University

before the course is offered.

2

SEMESTER II

Sl.

No.

Course

No. Subject

Hrs / Week Evaluation Scheme (Marks)

Credits

(C) L T P

Sessional

ESE Total TA CT

Sub

Total

1 MEEPS 201 Power system control and

security 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

2 MEEPS 202 Power quality 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

3 MEEPS 203 Power system dynamics and

stability 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

4 MEEPS 204 Flexible ac transmission

systems 3 1 0 25 25 50 100 150 4

5 MEEPS 205 Elective-III 3 0 0 25 25 50 100 150 3

6 MEEPS 206 Elective-IV 3 0 0 25 25 50 100 150 3

7 MEEPS 207 Power system laboratory 0 0 3 25 25 50 100 150 2

8 MEEPS 208 Seminar-II 0 0 2 50 - 50 0 50 1

Total 18 4 5 225 175 400 700 1100 25

Elective III (MEEPS 205) Elective IV (MEEPS 206)

MEEPS 205.1 Power system voltage stability MEEPS 206.1 Soft Computing techniques in power

systems

MEEPS 205.2 Electricity deregulation MEEPS 206.2 Ehv ac & dc transmission

MEEPS 205.3 Power system transients & insulation

coordination MEEPS 206.3 Power system reliability

MEEPS 205.4 Advanced relaying and protection MEEPS 206.4 Energy conservation and management

L Lecture, T Tutorial, P Practical TA Teachers Assessment (Assignments, attendance, group discussion, Quiz, tutorials, seminars,

etc.) CT Class Test (Minimum of two tests to be conducted by the Institute) ESE End Semester Examination to be conducted by the University

Electives: New Electives may be added by the department according to the needs of emerging fields of technology. The name of the elective and its syllabus should be submitted to the

university before the course is offered.

3

SEMESTER III

Sl.

No. Course No. Subject

Hrs / Week Evaluation Scheme (Marks)

Credits

(C) L T P

Sessional ESE**

(Oral) Total

TA* C

T

Sub

Total

1 MEEPS 301 1.Industrial Training OR 2. Industrial Training and Mini

Project

0 0 20 50 0 50 100 150 10

2 MEEPS 302 Thesis Phase I 0 0 10 100*** 0 100 0 100 5

TOTAL 0 0 30 150 0 150 100 250 15

* TA based on a Technical Report submitted together with presentation at the end of the Industrial Training and Mini Project

** Evaluation of the Industrial Training and Mini Project will be conducted at the end of the third

semester by a panel of examiners, with at least one external examiner, constituted by the University.

*** The marks will be awarded by a panel of examiners constituted by the concerned institute

SEMESTER - IV

Sl.

No. Course No. Subject

Hrs /

Week Evaluation Scheme (Marks)

Credits

(C) L T P

Sessional ESE**

(Oral

&

Viva)

Total TA* CT

Sub

Total

1 MEEPS 401 Masters Thesis 0 0 30 100 0 100 100 200 15

2 MEEPS 402 Masters Comprehensive Viva 100 100

Total 30 100 0 100 0 300 15

Grand Total of all Semesters 2750 80

* 50% of the marks to be awarded by the Project Guide and the remaining 50% to be awarded by a

panel of examiners, including the Project Guide, constituted by the Department

** Thesis evaluation and Viva-voce will be conducted at the end of the fourth semester by a panel of

examiners, with at least one external examiner, constituted by the University.

4

MEEPS 101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS L T P C

3 1 0 4 Module 1: Transforms

Fourier Transforms, cosine and sine transforms.Z transforms of an, np, cos nT, sin nT, an cos nT,

an sin nT, properties, convolution. Inverse transforms by partial fractions and residues,

application to solution of difference equations.

Module 2:Calculus of Variation & Integral Equations

Euler-Lagrange condition for extremum of integrals, isoperimetric problems, problems with

constraints.

Integral equations: Formation of Volterra and Fredholm integral equations, solution of integral

equations of second kind by transform method, method of successive approximations and

iterative methods.

Module 3: Estimation Theory and Time series Analysis

Introduction Parameter estimation properties of point estimators maximum-Likelihood

estimation Bayes estimation Mean square estimation. Markov process:-Discrete-Time

Markov Chains, Continous-Time Markov Chains. Reliability :-Concepts-Reliability by Markov

Analysis-reliability under preventive maintenance.

Time series:-Introduction-definition-utility of time series-Components of time series-Preliminary

adjustments-Analysis of time series-Measurement of trend-Shifting the trend origin-Conversion

of trend equations.

Module 4: Vector Algebra

Vector spaces and subspaces, definitions and simple problems on linear dependence, basis,

dimension, linear transformations, representation of linear transformation by matrices,

definitions and simple problems of inner product spaces and Hilbert spaces.

References:

1. Erwin Kreyzig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

2. Venkataraman M K, Higher Engineering Mathematics, (2nd and 3rd volumes), National

Publishing Co., Chennai, 2002.

5

3. Bali, Ashok Saxena and Narayana Iyengar, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Laxmi

Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.

4. Naylor A W and George R. Sell, Linear Operator Theory, Holt Rinehart and Winston,

London, 1971 (Copy right).

5. Cantrew C D, Modern Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers, Cambridge

University Press, 2002.

6. Athanasios Papoulis, Unnikrishnan Pillai S, Probability,random variables & Stochastic

Process,TMH,4Th Edition.

7. Alberto Leon-Garcia, Probability & Random Processes for Electrical Engineering,

Pearson Education Second Edition.

8. Hwei P HSU, Probability,Random Variables & Random Processes, Schaums Outlines

Series.

9. Elhance D N, Fundamentals of Statistics.

6

MEEPS 102 OPTIMIZATION OF POWER SYSTEM

OPERATION

L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Optimization problems

Statements -Classification -One Dimensional Minimization methods-Fibonacci and Golden

section methods-Quadratic interpolation method-Unconstrained optimization Uni variant

method-Powells method-Decent methods-Steepest decent method-Conjugate gradient method-

Fletcher-reeves method.

Module 2: Constrained optimization problem

Kuhn-Tucker conditions-Gradient methods-Lagrangian method-penalty function methods

Dynamic programming-Discrete case only Quadratic Programming- Solution using C.P.

algorithm Integer programming.

Computation techniques: Genetic Algorithms- representation of design variables- Objective

function and constraints-Genetic operators

Module 3: Power Generation Units

Characteristics - Thermal Units, Hydroelectric Units Review of Economic Dispatch of

Thermal Units The Lambda-iteration Method First order Gradient Method Base Point and

Participation Factors.

Generation with limited energy supply - Take or pay fuel supply contract - Composite generation

production cost function - Solution by gradient search techniques - Hard limits and slack

variables - Development of loss formula and B coefficients - Application of genetic algorithm to

Economic dispatch

Module 4: Hydrothermal co-ordination

Long range and short range hydro scheduling - Hydroelectric Plant models - Scheduling

problems: types of Scheduling problems - Scheduling energy Short term Hydrothermal

Scheduling problem Short term hydro scheduling: A Gradient approach - Pumped storage

hydro plants - Pumped storage hydro scheduling using - iteration.

Unit Commitment: Constraints in unit Commitment - Spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints,

hydro constraints, must run and fuel constraints.

7

References:

1. Singiresu S Rao, John, Engineering Optimization Theory and Practices, 3rd Edition,

Wiley and Sons, 1998.

2. Wood A J and Wollenberg B F, Power Generation, Operation and Control, John Wiley,

1984.

3. Vadhera S S, Power System Analysis and Stability, Khanna Publishers, 1981.

4. Kirchmayer, Economic Operation and Control of Power System, Wiley, 1958.

5. Kothari D P & Dhillon J S, Power System Optimization, Prentice Hall India LTD,

2004.

6. Reklaitis G V, Ravindran A & Rajsdell K M, Engineering Optimization, Methods and

Applications, John Wiley & Sons.

7. Michalewiez Z, Genetic Algorithms +Data Structures=Evolution Programs, Springer

Verlag, Berlin, 1994.

8. Goldberg D E, Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning,

International Students Edition (ISE), Ist Reprint, Addision Wesley Longman, 1999.

8

MEEPS 103 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN POWER

SYSTEMS

L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Elementary linear graph theory

Incidence and Network matrices- Development of network matrices from Graph theoretic

approach- Building algorithm for Bus impedance matrix- Modification of ZBus matrix due to

changes in primitive network.

Module 2: Load Flow Studies

Overview of Gauss- Seidel and Newton - Raphson Methods- Decoupled Newton Load Flow-

Fast Decoupled Load Flow-AC/DC load flow- Three phase Load Flow Sparsity techniques

Triangular factorization Optimal ordering Optimal load flow in power Systems.

Module 3: Power system components and their representation

Representation of Synchronous machine, transmission system, three phase power network.

Incorporation of FACTS devices in Load Flow: Static Tap Changing, Phase Shifting (PS), Static

Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator(TCSC) and Unified power

Flow Controller.

Module 4: Short circuit studies

Types of faults-Short circuit study of a large power system-Algorithm for calculating system

conditions after fault-Three phase short circuit, three phase to ground, double line to ground, line

to line and single line to ground fault-Short circuit calculations using Z bus Short circuit

calculations for balanced and unbalanced three phase network using Z-bus.

References:

1. Singh L P, Advanced Power Systems Analysis and Dynamics, New Age Intl.

Publishers, 1983.

2. Stagg and EL Abiad , Computer Methods in Power system Analysis, McGraw Hill,

1968.

3. Kusic G L, Computer Aided Power System Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1986.

4. Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill-1999.

9

5. Arriliga J and Watson N R, Computer Modeling of Electrical Power Systems,

Wiley, 2001.

6. Nagrath J J and Kothari D P, Modern Power system Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill,

1980.

10

MEEPS 104

ANALYSIS OF POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Thyristor Convertors

Single phase fully controlled bridge converters- Operation with R, RL, RLE loads- Continuous

and Discontinuous conduction- Input Current- Harmonic analysis of input current- Displacement

factor- Power factor- Effect of source inductance- Three phase convertors- three pulse

convertors- Output voltage waveform- Effect of source inductance- Voltage lost due to source

inductance- Output voltage waveform with and without source inductance.

Module 2: Thyristor Convertors and Choppers

Three phase fully controlled bridge convertor- Effect of source inductance Output voltage

waveform- Input current- Harmonic analysis of input current- Displacement factor- Power

factor- Dual Convertors- Circulating current and Non circulating current mode- Output voltage

waveform and voltage across the reactor using 3 pulse convertors- Chopper- Type A and Type B

Chopper- Analysis of Type A Chopper- Limit of Continuous conduction.

Module 3: AC voltage controllers and Cyclo-converters

Single Phase and Three Phase AC Voltage Controllers- Principle of operation- analysis with R

and RL loads- Thyristor Controlled Inductors, Circulating and Non circulating type cyclo

converters- Analysis with R and RL loads.

Module 4: Inverters

Single phase half bridge and full bridge inverters- Three phase Bridge inverters feeding star

connected resistance load- Output voltage waveform of phase and line voltages- Harmonic

Analysis of output voltage- Methods of voltage control sinusoidal pulse width modulation-

Harmonic elimination- Current source inverters- Single phase and three phase.

References:

1. Joseph Vithayathil, Principles of Power Electronics, Mc-Graw Hill, 1994.

2. William Shepherd, Li Zhang, Power Converter Circuits, Marcell Dekker, 2004.

3. Ned Mohan,Undeland, Robbins, Power Electronics,3rd edition, John Wiley,2003.

11

4. Philip T Krein, Elements of Power Electronics, Oxford, 1998.

5. Issa Batarseh, Power Electronics Circuits, John Wiley, 2004.

6. Cyril W Lander, Power Electronics, Third Edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 1993.

7. Rashid M H, Power Electronics, 3rd Edition,Pearson,2003.

8. Daniel W Hart, Introduction to Power Electronics, Prentice Hall, 1997.

12

MEEPS 105-1 DYNAMICS OF LINEAR SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: State space Descriptions and basic concepts

State space representations of Transfer Function Systems - Canonical realizations- Parallel and

cascade realization- Properties of state transition matrix-Transformation of system models-

Solution of time invariant state equations- Vector matrix analysis- Controllability and

observability.

Module 2: Lyapunov Stability Analysis

The concepts of stability- Absolute stability and BIBO stability- Significance of Eigen values of

state matrix- Equilibrium states- Lyapunov stability theorems-Lyapunovs first method- Stability

analysis using second method- Lyapunov function and its properties- Stability analysis of linear

time invariant systems- Examples.

Module 3: Linear state variable feedback systems

Analysis of stabilization by output feedback- Modal controllability- Formulae for feedback gain-

Significance of controllable canonic form-Ackermans formula- Mayne-Murdoch formula- State

feedback and zeros of the transfer function-non controllable realizations and stabilizability-

Controllable and uncontrollable modes-regulator problems-non zero set points and tracking .

Module 4: Asymptotic observers and compensators

Asymptotic observers for state measurement- Open loop observer-closed loop observer-

Formulae for observer gain-calculation of transfer function- Implementation of the observer-

Full order and reduced order observers- Separation principle- Combined observer-controller-

criteria for choosing observer poles

References:

1. Thomas Kailath, Linear System, Prentice Hall, Inc, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980.

2. Benjamin C Kuo, Control Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.

3. Gopal M, Control Systems-Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Richard C Dorf & Robert H Bishop, Modern Control Systems, Addison Wesley,

8th edition, 1998.

13

5. Gene K Franklin& J David Powell, Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems,

Addison Wesley, 3rd Edition.

6. Friedland B, Control System Design: An Introduction to State Space Methods,

McGraw Hill, N Y 1986.

7. Chidambaram M R and Ganapathy S, An Introduction to the Control of Dynamic

Systems, Sehgal Educational Publishers, 1979.

8. Umez Eronini,System Dynamics & Control, Cengage (Thomson) Publishers.

9. Macia, Modelling and Control of Dynamic Systems, Cengage (Thomson) Publishers.

14

MEEPS 105-2 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Energy conversion

Introduction -Principle of Renewable energy systems-Technical and social implications. Solar

energy: Overview of solar energy conversion methods -Solar radiation components-collector-

measurements-Estimation- Solar water heating-Calculation-Types-analysis-economics-

Applications;-Solar thermal power generation.

Module 2: Direct energy conversion (DEC)

DEC devices -Photo voltaic system-Solar cells- Cell efficiency- Limitations-PV modules-Battery

backup-System design-Lighting and water pumping applications;

Module 3: Fuel cells and Wind Energy

Fuel cells: Types- Losses in fuel cell- Applications; MHD generators- Application of MHD

generation.

Wind energy: Characteristics-Power extraction- Types of wind machines -Dynamics matching-

Performance of wind generators -Wind mills -Applications- Economics of wind power

Module 4: Biofuels

Classification-Biomass conversion process-Applications; Ocean thermal energy conversion

systems; Tidal and Wave power-Applications; Micro and Mini hydel power. Hybrid Energy

Systems- Implementation- Case study

References:

1. Twidell J N& Weir A D, Renewable Energy Sources, University press, Cambridge.

2. Sukhatme, S.P., Solar Energy -Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Tata

McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

3. Kreith F and Kreider J F, Principles of Solar Engineering, Mc-Graw-Hill Book Co.

4. Soo S L, Direct Energy Conversion, Prentice Hall Publication.

5. James Larminie, Andrew Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems, John Weily & Sons Ltd.

6. Manwell J F, Mcgowan J G, Rogers A L, Wind Energy Explained, John Weily & Sons

Ltd.

15

7. Chapman and Womack E J, MHD Power Generation Engineering Aspects, Hall

Publication.

8. Rai G D, Non Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publications, New Delhi.

16

MEEPS 105-3 POWER SYSTEM PLANNING L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction to load forecasting

Electric Energy demand Energy growth in India-Energy sources-Power crisis-Future energy

demand-Load forecasting-Classification and characteristic of loads-Approaches to load

forecasting-Methodology-Energy, peak demand forecasting-Weather sensitive and non-weather

sensitive forecast.

Module 2: Generation system reliability analysis

Generation system reliability analysis-Probabilistic generating unit models-Probabilistic load

models-Reliability - Analysis of isolated systems-Interconnected systems-Generation systems

cost analysis Corporate models-Production analysis-Production costing-Energy transactions-

Off peak loading Environmental cost.

Module 3: Transmission system reliability analysis

Transmission system reliability analysis-Deterministic contingency analysis-Probabilistic

transmission system reliability analysis-Capacity state classification Reliability calculation for

single areas-Multi area reliability analysis.

Module 4: Automated transmission system expansion planning

Automated transmission system expansion planning-Automated transmission system planning

concepts-Automated network design-DC method-Automated transmission planning using

iteration graphics

References:

1. Sullivan R .L, Power System Planning, McGrawHill, Newyork, 1977 .

2. Turen Gonen, Electric Power distribution System Engineering, McGrawHill, Newyork,

1986.

17

MEEPS 105-4 POWER SYSTEM MONITORING AND

INSTRUMENTATION

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction to SCADA

SCADA: Signal processing and conditioning- Transducers- Metering technology An

introduction to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.

Introduction to SCADA: Data acquisition systems- Evolution of SCADA- Communication

technologies- Monitoring and supervisory functions- SCADA applications in Utility

Automation- Industries.

Module 2: SCADA System Components

SCADA System Components: Schemes- Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)-Intelligent Electronic

Devices (IED)-Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Communication Network- SCADA

Server- SCADA/HMI Systems.

Module 3: SCADA Architecture

Various SCADA architectures-Advantages and disadvantages of each system - single unified

standard architecture -IEC 61850

SCADA Communication: Various industrial communication technologies -Wired and wireless

methods and fiber optics- Open standard communication protocols

Module 4: Reliable operations basic functional requirements

Reliable operations basic functional requirements: Networking applied to power systems

Online load flow and security analysis State estimation techniques- Automatic load frequency

control- Modern trends in power system monitoring and control.

References:

1. Stwart A Boyer, SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, ISA Society,

2nd Edition, 1999.

2. Gordan Clarke, Deon Reynders, Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5

and Related Systems, Newnes Publications, Oxford, UK, 2004.

3. Dr. Khedkar M K, Dr. Dhole G M , A Textbook of Electric power Distribution

Automation.

18

MEEPS 106-1 ANALYSIS OF AC MACHINES L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction

Modelling of machines in terms of electrical and mechanical parameters-Electromagnetic

coupling fields -Volt-ampere and force/torque Displacement equations-Energy and co-energy-

Principle of virtual work.

Module 2: Transformation theory

Stationary, moving and pseudo stationary coils- Primitive machines of iron-Conventional

machines as transformed versions of the primitive machines-Transformation theory as applied to

rotating electrical machines with a symmetrical winding on either stator or rotor -Active and

passive transformation-Power invariancy.

Module 3: Modelling cylindrical rotor and salient pole synchronous machines Dynamic

circuit formulation of different equations of performance - dqo transformation-Steady state and

transient performance equations-Application to various kinds of faults, steady state, transient and

sub-transient reactance and associated time constant-Stability of synchronous machines-Region

of operation chart for non salient pole and salient pole machines

Module 4: Modelling the m-n phase cylindrical rotor induction machine Transformation to

axes fixed to stator-Fixed to rotor or moving at synchronous speed -Symmetrical components

transformation and applications to unbalanced operation of 3 phase and 2 phase induction

machine.

References:

1. Gibbs W.J, Tensors in Electrical Machine Theory,Chapmaan and Hall, 1952.

2. David, White C & Herbert H Hoodsen, Lecture Mechanical Energy Conversion,

John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1959.

3. Laithwaito, E.R, Induction Machines for Special Purposes, Gerge Neunes Ltd, 1966.

4. Charles V Jones, The Unified Theory of Electrical Machines, Butterworths, 1967.

5. Say M G, Introduction to the Unified Theory Electromagnetic Machines, Pitman,1971 .

6. Bernard Atkins and Ronald G Harley, The General Theory of Alternating Current

Machines, Chapman and Hall, 1978.

19

MEEPS 106-2 NONLINEAR CONTROL THEORY L T P C

3 0 0 3 Module 1: Introduction and classical techniques

Characteristics of nonlinear systems - classification of equilibrium points - limit cycles - analysis

of systems with piecewise constant inputs using phase plane analysis. Perturbation techniques-

Periodic orbits - Stability of periodic solutions - singular perturbation model - Slow and fast

manifolds.

Module 2: Stability of Nonlinear Systems

Lyapunov stability - local stability - local linearization and stability in the small- Direct method

of Lyapunov - generation of Lyapunov function for linear and nonlinear systems - variable

gradient method - Centre manifold theorem - region of attraction - Invariance theorems - Input

output stability - L stability - L stability of state models - L2 stability.

Module 3: Harmonic Linearisation and Describing Function Method

Harmonic linearization - filter hypothesis - Sine Input describing function of standard

nonlinearities (Saturation, Dead Zone, ON/OFF Non linearity, Back lash, Hysteresis) - study of

limit cycles.

Feedback Control and Feedback Stabilisation- Analysis of feedback systems- Circle Criterion -

Popov Criterion Concepts of Inverse control-Feedback linearization

Module 4: Model predictive control

Simultaneous Feedback control- Design via linearization- stabilization - regulation via integral

control- gain scheduling - Exact Feedback Linearization - Input state linearization - input output

linearization - state feedback control - stabilization - tracking - integral control.

References:

1. Hassan K Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, Prentice - Hall International (UK), 1996.

2. JJE Slotine & W.LI, Applied Nonlinear Control, Prentice Hall, Englewood Clifs,

New Jersey 1991.

3. Alberto Isidori, Nonlinear Control Systems, Springer Verlag, 1995.

20

MEEPS 106.3 OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Optimality problems in control Theory

Mathematical models-Selection of performance measures-Constraints-Classification of problem

constraints-Problem Formulation-Examples.

Module 2: Dynamic Programming

Optimal control Law-Principle of Optimality-Application to decision making-Routing Problem

Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations-Discrete and Continuous Linear Regulator Problems.

Module 3: Calculus of Variations

Basic concepts Variation of a Functional-Extremals-Fundamental theorem in calculus of

Variation-Euler equation-Piecewise smooth extremals constrained extrema-Hamiltonian-

necessary condition for optimal control.

Module 4: Pontryagins Minimum Principle

Minimum Time Problems- Minimum Fuel Problems- minimum Energy Problems-Singular

Intervals

References:

1. Donald E. Kirk, Optimal Control Theory: An introduction, Prentice Hall, 1970.

2. Andrew P. Sage, Optimum Systems Control, Prentice Hall, 1977.

3. Athans M & Falb P L, Optimal control-An Introduction to the Theory and its

Applications, McGraw Hill Inc,New York,1966.

4. Hsu & Meyer, Modern Control: Principles and Applications, McGraw Hill, 1968.

5. Brian D. O Anderson, John B Moore, Optimal Control-Linear Quadratic Methods,

Prentice hall, New Delhi,1991.

21

MEEPS 106-4 POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module1: Basic Consideration and Distribution system Layout

Utility load classification Distribution system layout-Classification

Overhead and Under Ground lines: Choice of system Optimum design considerations Design

and construction of overhead lines Underground System Determination of cable rating

Causes of failure Systems fault location

System Over voltages: Causes lightning Protective Devices Travelling waves Protection

schemes.

Module 2: Distribution system planning and Automation

Distribution system planning: Factors affecting power system planning planning process and

block diagram. Load forecasting Classification Trends or regression analysis.

Distribution Automation: Control functions Communication system Consumer Information

Service Geographical Information Systems. SCADA block diagram functions.

Energy Management: Supply Side Management Demand Side Management Technologies

Implementation. Dispersed Generation.

Module 3: Power System reliability

System reliability: Basic reliability concept Cost verses system Reliability Reliability

planning procedure Mathematical concept series and parallel combination Sustained

interruption indices

Power capacitors: Reactive power Effects of series and shunt capacitors Power factor

correction. Distribution transformers Connections of three phase transformers Causes of

failure inspection and maintenance

Module 4: Deregulation of the Electricity Supply Industry

Metering of energy: Types of meters Periodical testing of meters Instantaneous load

measurements using watt-hour meters Rate Structure Automatic meter reading Theft of

electricity Tariffs: classification of tariff.

Grounding: Grounding system earth and safety nature of an earth electrode system design

of earthing electrodes System earthing earth testing.

22

Deregulation of the Electricity Supply Industry: Introduction Typical structure of a vertically

integrated electric utility & deregulated electricity system Different entities in deregulated

Electricity Markets Benefits from a competitive electricity Market.

References:

1. Turan Gonen, Electrical Power Distribution Engineering,Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing

company Ltd, 1986.

2. Pabla A S, Electrical Power Distribution Systems, 5th Edition, TMH, 2004.

3. Dr. Khedkar M K, Dr. Dhole G M, A Textbook of Electric Power Distribution

Automation, University Science Press, Delhi, Laxmi Publications, 2010.

4. Luces M. Faulkenberry, Walter Coffer, Electrical Power Distribution and Transmission,

Pearson education, 1996, ISBN978-81-317-0709-8.

5. Colin Bayliss, Transmission and Distribution Engineering, Butterworth Heinemann, 1996.

6. Kankar Bhattacharya, Math H. J Bollen, Jaap E. Daalder, Operation of Restructured Power

Systems, Kluwer academic publishers, USA,First Edition, 2001.

23

MEEPS 107 POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB L T P C

0 0 3 2 List of Experiments

1. Formation of Bus Admittance Matrix and Bus Impedance Matrix using MATLAB

2. Formation of Jacobian for a system not exceeding 4 buses(no PV Buses) in polar

co-ordinates using MATLAB

3. Sequence Components of Power System Network with Single Line to Ground Fault

using MATLAB SIMULINK

4. Modeling of Single Machine Power System using SIMULINK

5. Short circuit studies of power system using ETAP/PSCAD

6. Load flow analysis using Gauss Seidel Method, Newton Raphson Method,

Fast De-coupled for both PQ and PV Buses using ETAP/PSCAD

7. DC Load flow analysis using MATLAB.

8. Simulation & Analysis of magnetic circuits using SIMULINK.

9. Simulation and measurements of Three Phase circuits using SIMULINK.

10. Modelling of Automatic Generation Control for a two area network using SIMULINK.

11. To determine 1) Swing curve 2) Critical clearing time for a single machine connected

to infinite bus through a pair of identical transmission lines, three phase fault on one

of the lines for variation of inertia constant/line parameters/fault locations/clearing

time/pre fault electrical output using MATLAB/C-program

12. Modeling and Simulation of Non Conventional Energy Systems using MATLAB

Optional Experiments

1. Analysis of Static Var Compensators.

2. Analysis of STATCOM.

3. Load forecasting using ETAP

4. Power Quality studies using PSCAD

5. Substation layout using AutoCAD Electrical

6. Transient Stability Analysis and formation of Swing Curves using

MATLAB/SIMULINK

7. Modeling of Surge Arresters using PSCAD

8. Modeling of FACTS devices using SIMULINK

9. Transformer Tests using SIMULINK /ETAP

10. Fault Analysis of a synchronous Generator using PSCAD

24

11. Execute optimal power flow problem using ETAP/PSCAD.

12. Analysis of voltage stability of a SLIB (Single Load Infinite Bus) system while

delivering maximum power using MATLAB.

13. Continuation Power Flow(CPF) analysis using MATLAB

In addition to the above, the Department can offer a few newly developed experiments

25

MEEPS 108 SEMINAR I L T P C

0 0 2 1 Each student shall present a seminar on any topic of interest related to the core / elective courses

offered in the first semester of the M. Tech. Programme. He / she shall select the topic based on

the references from international journals of repute, preferably IEEE journals. They should get

the paper approved by the Programme Co-ordinator / Faculty member in charge of the seminar

and shall present it in the class. Every student shall participate in the seminar. The students

should undertake a detailed study on the topic and submit a report at the end of the semester.

Marks will be awarded based on the topic, presentation, participation in the seminar and the

report submitted.

26

MEEPS 201 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL AND SECURITY L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Active Power and Frequency control

Active Power and Frequency control:-Fundamentals of speed governing-Control of Generating

unit power output-composite regulating characteristic of Power system-Responds rates of

turbine-Governing systems-Fundamentals of Automatic Generation control (AGC) -

implementation of AGC

Module 2: Reactive Power &Voltage control

Reactive Power &Voltage control:-Production and absorption of Reactive power-Methods of

voltage Control-Shunt reactors-Shunt capacitors-series capacitors-synchronous condensers -

Static Var systems-Principles of transmission system compensation Modelling of reactive

compensating devices-Application of tap-changing transformers to transmission systems-

distribution system voltage regulation.

Module 3: Power system security

Power system security: Basic concepts-factors affecting power system security-system

monitoring-security assessment-security enhancement-Power System State Estimation -

Maximum likelihood Weighted-least squares estimation detection and identification of bad

measurements estimation of quantities not being measured network observability pseudo

measurements.

Module 4: Security assessment

Security assessment: Contingency analysis network sensitivity factors contingency selection

performance indices.

Real time control of power system: Real time control of power system under normal, alert,

emergency and restorative modes of operation-Introduction to system monitoring-Basic SCADA

system architecture-Preventive, emergency and restorative control procedures including

principles of Load Shedding and application of under frequency Relays.

27

References:

1. Wood A J, Wollenberg B F, Power Generation Operation and Control, John Wiley and

Sons, 1996.

2. Kundur P, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1995.

3. Elgerd O, Electrical Energy System Theory and Introduction , Tata McGraw Hill

publishing Co. Ltd., 1992.

4. John D Grainger & William D Stevenson, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill,

2003.

5. Weedy B M, Cory B J, Electric Power System, John Wiley & Sons.

6. Electric Power System Operation and Management in Restructured Environment, Short

Term Course Material, IIT-Kanpur, July 21-25, 2003.

7. Pabla A S, Electric Power Distribution, Tata McGraw Hill, Fifth Edition.

8. Clyde F. Coombs, Printed Circuits Handbook, McGraw Hill, 2007.

9. Richard K. Ulrich &William D. Brown, Advanced Electronic Packaging, 2nd Ed.,

Wiley, 2006.

10. Henry W. Ott, Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, 2nd Ed., Wiley,

1998.

11. Henry W Ott, Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering, Wiley, 2009.

12. Prasad Kodali V., Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles,

Measurements, Technologies and Computer Models, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 2001.

28

MEEPS 202 POWER QUALITY L T P C

3 1 0 4 Module 1: Introduction

Introduction-power quality-voltage quality-overview of power quality phenomena-classification

of power quality issues-power quality measures and standards-THD-TIF-DIN-C-message

weights-flicker factor-transient phenomena-occurrence of power quality problems-power

acceptability curves-IEEE guides, standards and recommended practices.

Module 2: Harmonics

Harmonics-individual and total harmonic distortion-RMS value of a harmonic waveform-triplex

harmonics-important harmonic introducing devices-SMPS-Three phase power converters-arcing

devices-saturable devices-harmonic distortion of fluorescent lamps-effect of power system

harmonics on power system equipment and loads.

Modeling of networks and components under non-sinusoidal conditions-transmission and

distribution systems-shunt capacitors-transformers-electric machines-ground systems-loads that

cause power quality problems-power quality problems created by drives and its impact on drives

Module 3: Power factor improvement

Power factor improvement- Passive Compensation. Passive Filtering. Harmonic Resonance .

Impedance Scan Analysis- Active Power Factor Corrected Single Phase Front End, Control

Methods for Single Phase APFC, Three Phase APFC and Control Techniques, PFC Based on

Bilateral Single Phase and Three Phase Converter.static var compensators-SVC and STATCOM

Module 4: Active Harmonic Filtering

Active Harmonic Filtering-Shunt Injection Filter for single phase , three-phase three-wire and

three-phase four-wire systems . d-q domain control of three phase shunt active filters

uninterruptible power supplies-constant voltage transformers- series active power filtering

techniques for harmonic cancellation and isolation . Dynamic Voltage Restorers for sag, swell

and flicker problems.

Grounding and wiring-introduction-NEC grounding requirements-reasons for grounding-typical

grounding and wiring problems-solutions to grounding and wiring problems.

29

References:

1. Heydt G T, Electric Power Quality.

2. Math H. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems.

3. Arrillaga J, Power System Quality Assessment, John wiley, 2000.

4. Arrillaga J, Smith B C, Watson N R & Wood A R, Power System Harmonic Analysis

, Wiley, 1997.

5. Ashok S, Selected Topics in Power Quality and Custom Power, Course book for

STTP, 2004,

6. Surya Santoso, Wayne Beaty H, Roger C. Dugan, Mark F. McGranaghan, Electrical

Power System Quality , MC Graw Hill, 2002.

30

MEEPS 203 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND STABILITY L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Power System Stability and Synchronous machine modeling

Power System Stability: Concept of Power system stability-Types of stability. Synchronous

machine modeling: Synchronous Machine - Mathematical Description of a Synchronous

Machine - Basic equations of a synchronous machine - dq0 Transformation- per unit

representation- equivalent circuits for direct and quadrature axes. Equations of motion - Swing

Equation, H-constant calculation - Representation in system studies.

Module 2: Modeling of other components

Excitation System Modeling - Excitation System Requirements Functional block diagram-

Static Excitation System: hardware block diagram and IEEE (1992) Type ST1A and Type ST2A

models.

Turbine modeling: Functional block diagram of Power Generation and Control Schematic of a

hydroelectric plant Classical transfer function of a hydraulic turbine special characteristic of

hydraulic turbine electrical analogue of hydraulic turbine. Load modeling concepts

Module 3: Small Signal Analysis

Fundamental Concepts of Stability of Dynamic Systems: State-space representation- stability of

dynamic system - Linearisation, Eigen properties of the state matrix eigenvalue and stability -

Small Signal Stability of Single Machine Infinite Bus(SMIB) System: Generator represented by

the classical model

Effect of field flux variation on system stability-Effects of Excitation System - Block diagram

representation with exciter and AVR- Effect of AVR on synchronizing and damping torque

components

Module 4: Power System Stabilizer.

Power System Stabilizer (PSS): State matrix including PSS-Small Signal Stability of Multi

Machine Systems. Special Techniques for analysis of very large systems- Analysis of Essentially

Spontaneous Oscillations in Power Systems (AESOPS) algorithms-Modified Arnoldi Method

(MAM).

31

Small Signal Stability Enhancement: Using Power System Stabilisers-Supplementary control of

Static VAR Compensators

References:

1. Kundur P, Power System Stability and Control, TMH.

2. Anderson and Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, Galgotia Publications,

Compensation 1981.

3. Ramanujam R, Power System Dynamics- Analysis & Simulation, PHI learning Private

Limited.

4. Padiyar K R, Power System Dynamics, 2nd Edition, B.S. Publishers, 2003.

5. Sauer P W & Pai M A, Power System Dynamics and Stability, Pearson, 2003.

6. Olle I Elgerd, Electric Energy Systems Theory an Introduction, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill,

1983.

7. Kimbark E W, Power System Stability, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1994, Wiley & IEEE Press,

1995.

8. Yao-Nan-Yu, Electric Power Systems Dynamics, Academic Press, 1983.

32

MEEPS 204 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS L T P C

3 1 0 4

Module 1: Introduction to FACTS

Reactive power control in electrical power transmission lines uncompensated line

Shunt compensation and Series compensation: Voltage Stability Improvement of Transient

stability, Power Oscillation damping

Introduction to FACTS - Basic Types of FACTS controller- Brief description and definitions of

FACTS controllers Benefits from FACTS technology.

Module 2: Static Var generators

Variable impedance type Static Var generators Switching Converter type Var generators. Static

Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Compensator (STATCOM): Principle of operation,

configuration and control The Regulation Slope- Transient Stability enhancement and Power

Oscillation damping. Comparison between STATCOM and SVC

Module 3: Series Compensation

Variable Impedance Type series compensators: Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC),

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) - Sub synchronous characteristics- Basic NGH

SSR Damper

Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC): Principle of operation, configuration and

control.

Module 4: Power Flow Controllers

Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Principle of operation, Conventional Transmission

control capabilities, Comparison of UPFC to Controlled Series Compensators- Control structure.

Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) Basic operating Principles and Characteristics

Generalized and multifunctional FACTS controllers.

References:

1. Miller T J E, Reactive Power Control in Power Systems John Wiley, 1982.

2. Hingorani N G and Gyugyi L, Understanding FACTS IEEE Press, 2000.

3. Song Y H and Johns A T Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) IEEE Press,

1999.

33

4. Mohan Mathur R and Rajiv K. Varma, Thyristor based FACTS Controllers for

Electrical Transmission Systems, Wiley Interscience, IEEE Press 2002.

5. Padiyar K.R. Facts Controllers In Power Transmission and Distribution, New Age

International Publishers, June 2007.

34

MEEPS 205-1 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Voltage stability

Voltage stability: Definition-Power system stability classification-Physical phenomenon of

Voltage collapse-Description-Time scales-Reactive power-system changes and Voltage collapse-

maintaining variable voltage levels.

Module 2: Transmission System Aspects

Transmission System Aspects: Single load infinite bus system-Maximum deliverable power-

Lossless transmission-Maximum power-Power voltage relationships-Generator reactive power

requirement-Instability mechanism.

Effect of compensation:-Line series compensation-Shunt compensation-Static VAR

compensator-VQ curves-Effect of adjustable transformer ratio.

Module 3: Generation aspects

Generation aspects: Synchronous machine theory-Physical description-Mathematical

description-dq0 transformation-Motion dynamics.

Frequency and voltage controllers-Frequency control-Automatic voltage regulators-Limiting

devices affecting voltage stability- Over excitation limiters-Description-field current- Armature

current limiters-Capability curves.

Module 4: Load aspects

Load aspects: Voltage dependence of loads- Load characteristics-Exponential load-Polynomial

load. Saddle node bifurcation- Simple power system example (Static and Dynamic).

Static voltage stability methods-Continuation power flow methods-P-V analysis-Modal analysis-

Simple power system example.

References:

1. Van Cutsen T and Vournas C, Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems, Kluwer

Academic Publishers, 1998.

2. Taylor C W, Power System Voltage Stability, McGraw Hill,Inc.,1994.

3. Kundur P, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill, Inc.,1995.

35

Journals:

1. IEEE working Group on Voltage Stability, Voltage Stability Assessment: Concepts,

Practices and Tools,2002.

2. Ajjarapu V, Christy C, The Continuation Power Flow : A Tool for Steady State Voltage

Stability Analysis, IEEE trans. on Power systems7(1), pp 416-423, 1992.

36

MEEPS 205-2 ELECTRICITY DEREGULATION L T P C

3 0 0 3 Module 1: Introduction to Deregulation

Deregulation: Introduction Different entities in deregulated electric markets- Background to

deregulation and the current situation around the world Benefits from a competitive electricity

market After effects of deregulation Review of economic load dispatch problem (ELD)

Recent development in ELD.

Module 2: Optimal power flow and Unit commitment

Optimal power flow (OPF) Basic OPF model - examples Characteristic features of OPF.

Unit commitment (UC) - basic model, Additional issues - Formation of power pools- The energy

brokerage system.

Module 3: Independent system operator

Independent system operator (ISO)- Role of the ISO- Structure of UK and Nordic electricity

sector deregulation- Operational planning activities of ISO-ISO in pool and bilateral markets-

Operational planning activities of a Genco- Genco in pool and bilateral markets-Market

participation issues UC in deregulated environment Competitive bidding.

Module 4: Power wheeling

Power wheeling: Transmission open access - Cost components in transmission Pricing of

power transactions -Embedded cost based transmission pricing- Incremental cost based

transmission pricing-

Security management in deregulated environment: Scheduling of spinning reserves-Interruptible

load options for security management- Congestion management in deregulation, economic

instruments for handling congestion.

References:

1. Kankar Bhattacharya, Math H J Bollen, Jaap E Daader, Operation of Restructured

Power Systems, Kluwer academic publishers, USA, first Edition, 2001.

2. Marjia Ilic, Francisco Galiana and Lester Fink, Power systems restructuring engineering

and economics, Kluwer academic publishers, 1998.

3. Zaccour G, Deregulation of Electric Utilities, Kluwar Academic Publisher, 1998

37

4. Wood A J and Woolenberg B F, Power Generation, Operation and Control, John Wiley

and Sons, 1996.

38

MEEPS 205-3 POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS &

INSULATION COORDINATION

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Introduction of system transients

Introduction: Classification of system transients-The circuit closing transients-The recovery

transient initiated by the removal of a short circuit-Double frequency transients, Damping-

Resistance switching-Load switching.

Module 2: Transients in three phase circuits

Abnormal switching transients-Current suppression- Capacitance switching-Other restriking

Phenomena- Transients in three phase circuits-Symmetrical component method for solving three

phase switching transients-Transients in DC circuits-HVDC Circuit breaker.

Module 3: Traveling waves

Traveling waves : Transmission line transients-Wave equation-Reflection and refraction of

traveling waves-Line terminations-Lattice Diagram. Traveling waves in distributed parameter

multi-conductor lines, parameters as a function of frequency. Lightning phenomena- Interaction

between lightning and power system -Influence of tower footing resistance and earth resistance.

Module 4: Insulation Coordination

Insulation Coordination: Objective and history Insulation level for power apparatus overvoltage

limiting devices- Dielectric properties- Breakdown of gaseous insulation-Tracking and erosion

of insulation- High current arcs.

References: 1. Allan Greenwood, Electrical Transients in Power Systems, Wiley Interscience, New York.

2. Vanikov,Power System Transients .

3. Indulkar C S and Kothari D P, Power System Transients .

4. Flurscheim C.H, Power Circuit Breaker Theory and Design .

5. Kreuger F H, Discharge Detection in High Voltage Equipment, Temple press Ltd.

London, 1964.

39

6. Butterworth London, Insulation Coordination in High Voltage Electrical Power

Systems.

7. Dieter Kind, An introduction to HV Experimental Techniques, Wlisey Eastern.

8. Arriliga J and Watson N R, Computer Modeling of Electrical Power Systems, Wiley,

2001.

40

MEEPS 205-4 ADVANCED RELAYING AND PROTECTION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Protective Relaying

Definitions - Functions and functional characteristics- Sensitivity, Selectivity, Speed and

Reliability - Codes and Standards and basic relay terminology - Classification Analog, Digital

and Numerical - Schemes and design - Factors affecting performance Zones and degree of

protection - Faults - Types and effects Operating principles and relay construction

Electromagnetic Thermal, Static and Microprocessor based relays Quality of relays

Instrument Transformers for protection Current and Voltage transformers Ratio and Phase

angle errors Transient errors in CT

Module 2: Basic relay units

Basic relay units: Sequence networks - Fault sensing - Data processing units- FFT and Wavelet

based algorithms

Comparators: Amplitude and Phase Comparators - Duality Vector product and Coincidence

type phase comparators - Zero Crossing/Level Defectors - Relay Schematics and Analysis -

Over Current Relay microprocessor implementation - Instantaneous/Inverse Time Current

setting and Time setting - IDMT Characteristics - Directional Relays - Differential Relays-

Restraining Characteristics - Distance Relays - Types and Characteristics

Module 3: Protection of Power System Equipments

Protection of Power System Equipments : Generator and Transformer Units Interturn faults

and protection Application of transformer protection - Transmission Systems, Busbars and

Motors - Pilotwire and Carrier Current Schemes - System grounding Ground faults and

protection- Load shedding and frequency relaying - Out of step relaying - Reclosing and

synchronizing

Module4: Advanced Relaying and Protection Schemes

Numerical Relays: Characteristics - Functional Diagrams - Architecture and algorithms -

Microprocessor & DSP based relays - Sampling Aliasing and filter principles

Integrated and multifunction protection Schemes : SCADA based protection systems-

41

Components and functions FTA details Testing of Relays Implementation of Self

diagnostic functions HV and environment testing.

References:

1. Mason C R, The art and science of protective relaying, John Wiley &sons.

2. Warrington A R, Protective Relays, Vol .1&2, Chapman and Hall.

3. Madhav Rao T S, Power System Protection Static Relays with Microprocessor

Applications, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.

4. Power System Protection Vol. I, II , III&IV, THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS, Electricity Association Services Ltd., 1995.

5. Helmut ungrad , Wilibald Winkler, Andrzej Wiszniewski, Protection Techniques in

Electrical Energy Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

6. Badri Ram , Vishwakarma D N, Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Tata

McGraw Hill.

7. Blackburn, Lewis J, Protective Relaying, Principles and Applications, Marcel Dekker,

Inc., 1986.

8. Anderson, P.M, Power System Protection, McGraw-Hill, 1999.

9. Singh L.P, Digital Protection, Protective Relaying from Electromechanical to

Microprocessor, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

10. Wright. A. and Christopoulos.C, Electrical Power System Protection, Chapman &

Hall, 1993.

11. Walter A. Elmore, Blackburn J L, Protective Relaying Theory and Applications, ABB

T&D Co. Marcel Dekker, Inc.

12. Arun G. Phadke, James S. Thorp, Computer Relaying for Power Systems, Marcel

Dekker, Inc.

13. Paithankar Y G, Bhide S R, Fundamentals of Power System Protection, PHI Learning

Private Limited.

14. Handbook of Switchgears, Bharath Heavy Electricals.

15. DR. Khedkar M K, DR. Dhole G M, A Textbook of Electric Power Distribution

Automation, University Science Press, Delhi, Laxmi Publications, 2010.

42

MEEPS 206-1 SOFTCOMPUTING TECHNIQUES IN POWER

SYSTEMS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Theory of Fuzzy sets

Classical sets, Fuzzy setsProperties of fuzzy sets, Operations on fuzzy sets-Classical relations

and Fuzzy relations-Tolerance and Equivalence Relations-Fuzzy Tolerance and Equivalence

Relations- Operations on fuzzy relations-The Extension principle-Membership Function:

Features of membership functions-various forms Fuzzification - Membership value

assignments-Intuition, Inference, Rank ordering.

Module 2: Fuzzy logic and Fuzzy Inference system

Lambda-cuts for fuzzy sets- Lambda-cuts for fuzzy relations-Defuzzification methods- Classical

predicate logic-Fuzzy logic-Approximate reasoning-Fuzzy Tautologies-Contradictions-

Equivalence and logical proofs-Implication operation- Composition operation.

Module 3: Artificial Neural Networks

Biological Neural Networks-Architecture of neural network- Activation Functions-McCulloch-

Pitts neuron model

Learning Process- Error correction learning-Memory based learning- Hebbian learning-

Competitive learning- Boltzman- Supervised and Unsupervised learning

Module 4: Genetic Algorithm

Back propagation net-Standard back propagation-Architecture, algorithm Derivation of

learning rules-Number of hidden layers-Learning factors.

Genetic Algorithm: Basic Concepts- Biological background- Creation of Off springs- Working

principle- Encoding- Fitness function- reproduction- Cross over- Mutation Application of

Genetic algorithm to Economic Load Dispatch.

43

References:

1. Driankov D, Hellendoorn H, Reinfrank M,An Introduction to Fuzzy Control, Narosa

Publishing Company, New Delhi,1996.

2. Lawrene Fausett,Fundementals of Neural Networks, Prentice Hall,1994.

3. James Kennedy, Russell, Eberhar T C ,YuhuI Shi,Swarm Intelligence, Morgan, March

2001.

4. TimothY J RosE, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Mc Graw-Hill,New

York,1996.

5. Simon Haykin,Neural Networks, Mc Millan College Publishing Co., New York,1994.

6. ZuradA J M,Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jaico publishing

house,Delhi,1994.

7. Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, TheraulaZ G, Swarm Inteligence:From Natural to Artificial

Systems, Oxford University Press, New York,1999.

44

MEEPS 206-2 EHV AC & DC TRANSMISSION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Analysis of long line theory

Long line theory- long distance transmission problems-corona power loss- Charge Voltage

Diagram with corona-Attenuation of travelling waves due to corona- Audible noise: Generation

and characteristics-Limits for audible noise- AN measurement and Meters-Relation between

single phase and three phase AN levels- day Night Equivalent Noise level. Radio Interference

RIV and excitation functions: Generation and properties of corona pulses-Limits for radio

interference fields- The CIGRE Formula- Rules for addition of RI levels of three phases-S/CS

Line-Rules for addition of RI Levels for a D/C Line

Module 2: Over voltages

Sequential impedances of AC systems -EHVAC transmission over voltages- Short Circuit

Current and The Circuit Breaker- Recovery voltage and Circuit breaker-Over voltages caused by

interruption of Low induction current-Interruption of Capacitive currents-Ferro resonance.

Over voltages- Calculation of switching surges-single phase equivalents. Reduction of

switching surges on EHV systems - High voltage testing of AC equipments: Measurement of

High Voltages- Voltage dividers-High speed oscilloscope-Peak voltmeter and sphere gap-

Digital Recorder-Measurement of Partial Discharge.-Layout of EHV Laboratory

Module 3: Introduction to HVDC system

Comparison of EHV AC & DC transmission -HVDC system configuration and components -

conversion and inversion- Analysis of three phase bridge converter and Performance equations -

abnormal operations of converter.

Module 4: Control of HVDC system

Control of HVDC system- Principle of DC link control- current and Extinction angle control

power and reactive power control- alternative inverter control modes. Harmonics and AC/DC

filters- Influence of AC system strength on AC/DC system interaction. Responses to DC and AC

system faults

45

References:

1. Begemudre R.D, EHVAC Transmission Engineering, Willy Eastern Ltd.

2. Kundur P, Power System Stability and Control, Mc Graw Hill Publication.

3. Arrillaga J, HVDC Transmission, Peter Peregrinus Pub.

4. Rao S, EHV AC & HVDC Transmission Systems, Khanna Publishers.

5. Padiyar K.R., HVDC Power Transmission Systems, Willy Eastern Ltd.

46

MEEPS 206-3 POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Concept of reliability

Non-repairable components- Hazard models- Components with preventive maintenance-Ideal

repair and preventive maintenance- Repairable components- Normal repair and preventive

maintenance.

Module 2: System reliability

System reliability: Monotonic structures-Reliability of series-parallel structures, the r out of n

configuration- the decomposition methods- Minimal tie and cut method- State space method of

system representation- System of two independent components-Two components with dependent

failures- Combining states- Non-exponential repair times failure effects analysis- State

enumeration method- Application to non-repairable systems.

Module 3: Other methods of system reliability

Other methods of system reliability: Fault free analysis- Monte Carlo simulation- Planning for

reliability- Outage definitions- Construction of reliability models.

Generating capacity reserve evaluation- Generation model, Probability of capacity deficiency,

Frequency and duration method, Comparison of the reliability indices, Generation expansion

planning, Uncertainties in generating unit failure rates and in load forecasts. Operating reserve

evaluation-State space representation of generating units, Rapid start and hot-reserve units,

Security function approach.

Module 4: Bulk power system reliability

Interconnected systems: Two connected systems with independent loads-Two connected system

with correlated loads-More than two systems interconnected.

Bulk power system reliability: Load flow analysis-DC load flow- Effect of variable system load-

Weather effects on transmission lines- Two-weather Markov model-Common model failures-

Evaluation of large system-Monte Carlo simulation.

47

References:

1. EndrenyI J, Reliability modeling in electric power systems, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Singh C. and Billiton R.,System reliability modeling and evaluation, Hutchinston

London, 1977.

48

MEEPS 206-4 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3

Module 1: Energy conservation management

Energy conservation management: The relevance of energy management profession-General

principles of energy management and energy management planning-Application of Paretos

model for energy management-Obtaining management support-Establishing energy data base

Conducting energy audit-identifying, evaluating and implementing feasible energy conservation

opportunities-Energy audit report; -monitoring, evaluating and following up energy saving

measures/ projects.

Module 2: Energy management

Energy management: Energy management of process energy- Principles-Opportunities-Case

studies-Management of electrical load and lighting - Management opportunities with electric

drives-Lighting, heating and electrolytic systems-Electrical load analysis-Peak demand control-

Computer-aided energy management-Cogeneration-Forms of cogeneration-Feasibility study for

cogeneration.

Module 3: Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency: Energy efficiency analysis-Thermodynamics-energy-coefficient of

performance-Energy effectiveness-Management of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning

(HVAC) Principles-Opportunities-Case studies.

Energy efficiency of turbines: Compressors and pumps (brief treatment only)-Specific energy

consumption-Parameters affecting specific energy consumption-Flexi targeting technique.

Module 4: Energy economics

Energy economics: Financial evaluation of energy projects-Cash flow model-Time value of

money-Evaluation of proposals - Payback method, Average rate of return method, Internal rate

of return method, Present value method, Profitability index, Life cycle costing approach,

Investment decision and uncertainty; Consideration of income taxes, Depreciation and inflation

in investment analysis.

49

References:

1. Charles M Gottschalk, Industrial energy conservation, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

2. Craig B Smit, Energy management principles, Pergamon Press.

3. IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrial and Commercial

Facilities, IEEE std 739 1995 (Bronze book).

4. Rajan G G, Optimizing energy efficiencies in industry,Tata McGraw Hill, Pub. Co.,

2001.

5. Paul O Callaghan, Energy management,McGraw Hill Book Co.

6. Wayne C Turner, Energy management Hand Book,The Fairmount Press, Inc, 1997.

7. Rao S & Parulekar B B, Energy Technology,Khanna Publishers, 1999.

50

MEEPS 207 POWER SYSTEM LABORATORY L T P C

0 0 3 2

List of Experiments

1. Measurement of output voltage of cascade transformer using,

i. Voltage divider method

ii. Sphere gap method

2. Generation of impulse voltage waveform

3. String efficiency of string of suspension insulators.

4. Power frequency testing of lightning arresters, insulators, fuses, AB Switches etc.

5. Measurement of dielectric strength of solid and liquid insulating materials.

6. Determine the characteristic, pick-up time etc of electromagnetic relay & static relay.

7. Measurement of transient & sub transient reactance of synchronous machines

8. Determine the following for a long transmission line.

a) Voltage regulation of the transmission line

b) Ferranti effect demonstration

c) Voltage and Current profile of EHVAC Transmission line under no load

condition

d) ABCD parameter evaluation

9. Plot the IDMT/IMT characteristics of Over current relay, Earth fault relay ,Over voltage

relay and Under voltage relay

10. Plot the functional performance characteristics of the relay

11. Plot the performance characteristics for distance relay for the feeder protection.

In addition to the above, the Department can offer a few newly developed experiments

51

MEEPS 208 SEMINAR II L T P C

0 0 2 1

Each student shall present a seminar on any topic of interest related to the core / elective courses

offered in the second semester of the M. Tech. Programme. He / she shall select the topic based

on the references from international journals of repute, preferably IEEE journals. They should

get the paper approved by the Programme Co-ordinator / Faculty member in charge of the

seminar and shall present it in the class. Every student shall participate in the seminar. The

students should undertake a detailed study on the topic and submit a report at the end of the

semester. Marks will be awarded based on the topic, presentation, participation in the seminar

and the report submitted.

52

MEEPS 301 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AND MINIPROJECT L T P C

0 0 20 10

The student shall undergo (1) Industrial training of 3 month duration OR (2) Industrial training

of one month duration and a Mini Project of two month duration.. Industrial training should be

carried out in an industry / company approved by the institution and under the guidance of a staff

member in the concerned field. At the end of the training he / she has to submit a report on the

work being carried out. He/she should also submit mini project report.

MEEPS 302 MASTERS THESIS PHASE - I L T P C

0 0 10 5

The thesis (Phase - I) shall consist of research work done by the candidate or a comprehensive

and critical review of any recent development in the subject or a detailed report of project work

consisting of experimentation / numerical work, design and or development work that the

candidate has executed.

In Phase - I of the thesis, it is expected that the student should decide a topic of thesis, which is

useful in the field or practical life. It is expected that students should refer national &

international journals and proceedings of national & international seminars. Emphasis should be

given to the introduction to the topic, literature survey, and scope of the proposed work along

with some preliminary work / experimentation carried out on the thesis topic. Student should

submit two copies of the Phase - I thesis report covering the content discussed above and

highlighting the features of work to be carried out in Phase II of the thesis. Student should

follow standard practice of thesis writing. The candidate will deliver a talk on the topic and the

assessment will be made on the basis of the work and talks there on by a panel of internal

examiners one of which will be the internal guide. These examiners should give suggestions in

writing to the student to be incorporated in the Phase II of the thesis.

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MEEPS 401 MASTERS THESIS L T P C

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In the fourth semester, the student has to continue the thesis work and after successfully

finishing the work, he / she have to submit a detailed thesis report. The work carried out should

lead to a publication in a National / International Conference. They should have submitted the

paper before M. Tech. evaluation and specific weightage should be given to accepted papers in

reputed conferences.

MEEPS 402 MASTERS COMPREHENSIVE VIVA

A comprehensive viva-voce examination will be conducted at the end of the fourth semester by

an internal examiner and external examiners appointed by the university to assess the candidates

overall knowledge in the respective field of specialization.