powered by andrew choo exam tips collection of spm … · 2020-02-22 · merujuk kepada eksperimen,...

Powered by ANDREW CHOO EXAM TIPS

1

Collection of SPM Questions (State Papers) MODUL 1 KOLEKSI SOALAN SPM (KERTAS PERCUBAAN NEGERI) MODUL 1

FORM 5 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 : RATE OF REACTION QUESTION 1 – 2013 SBP Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show the apparatus set-up to investigate the factor that affects the rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II respectively. Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas masing-masing bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 show the results obtained from Experiment I and Experiment II respectively. Jadual 5.1 dan jadual 5.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh masing-masing daripada eksperimen I dan eksperimen II.


2

Time (s) Masa (s)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Volume of gas released (cm³) Isi padu gas yang terbebas (cm³)

0.00 6.50 12.50 17.80 23.50 27.20 31.80 35.00 35.00 35.00

Table 5.1 / Jadual 5.1

Time (s) Masa (s)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Volume of gas released (cm³) Isi padu gas yang terbebas (cm³)

0.00 8.50 15.50 21.00 26.80 31.50 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00

Table 5.2 / Jadual 5.2 (a) (i) Name gas Y. Namakan gas Y. ________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] (ii) Describe a chemical test to verity gas Y. Jelaskan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan gas Y. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(b) (i) Calculate the average rate of reactions for Experiment I and Experiment II. Hitung kadar tindak balas purata untuk tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen

II. Experiment I: Eksperimen I: Experiment II: Eksperimen II:

[2 marks]


3

(ii) Compare the rate of reaction of Experiment I and Experiment II. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. ________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] (iii) Explain the answer in 5(b)(ii) with reference to the collision theory. Terangkan jawapan di 5(b)(ii) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran. ________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] (c) Sketch the graph of volume of gas Y produced against time for both experiments on the

same axis. Lakar graf isi padu gas Y yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi kedua-dua eksperimen di atas paksi yang sama.

[2 marks]

Suggested answer:

.a. i. Hydrogen ii. Place/Insert a lighted splinter into a test tube. "Pop" sound produced.

b. i. Experiment I:

Average rate of reaction 1313 25.0

140

35 scmscm

Experiment II:

Average rate of reaction 1313 29.0

120

35 scmscm


4

ii. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I iii. In Experiment II, 1. Size of zinc is smaller//Total surface area of zinc in Experiment II is bigger. 2. Frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen ion is higher. 3. Frequency of effective collisions between zinc atom and hydrogen ion is higher.

c.

QUESTION 2 – 2014 SBP Experiments I, II and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Table 6.1 shows the reactants and temperature used in each experiment. Eksperimen I, II dan III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen. Experiment Eksperimen

Reactants Bahan tindak balas

Temperature Suhu (°C)

I Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3

30

II Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3

40

III Excess zinc powder + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid Serbuk zink berlebihan + 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm-3

30

Table 6.1 / Jadual 6.1 (a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in Experiment I. Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I. ___________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark]


5

(b) Based on the experiments, state two factors that affect the rate of reaction. Merujuk kepada eksperimen, nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. ___________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark] (c) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiments I and II. Explain the difference by using

collision theory. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan perbezaan itu dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[4 marks] (d) Diagram 6.2 shows the curve of the graph of total volume against time for Experiment I.

Sketch the curve obtained for Experiment III on the same axes. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan garis lengkung bagi graf jumlah isi padu gas melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I. Lakarkan garis lengkung yang diperolehi bagi Eksperimen III pada paksi yang sama.

[1 mark]

(e) During a master chef competition, an apprentice found that a piece of meat is still not tender

after cooking for one hour. Semasa satu pertandingan 'master chef’, seorang pelatih mendapati ketulan daging yang dimasak masih tidak lembut selepas satu jam.


6

State one method that should be taken to make the meat become tender in a shorter time. Explain you answer. Nyatakan satu kaedah yang boleh diambil supaya daging itu menjadi lembut dalam masa lebih singkat. Terangkan jawapan anda.

__________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark] Suggested answer:

a. 2

22 HZnHZn

b. Temperature and concentration c. 1. The rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I

2. The temperature in Experiment II is higher. 3. The kinetic energy of hydrogen ions is higher. 4. The frequency of collision between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions is higher // The frequency of effective collision between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions is higher.

d.

e. 1. Cut the meat into smaller size.

2. Larger total surface area of meat will absorb more heat. OR 3. Cook in pressure cooker. 4. High pressure in pressure cooker increase the temperature.


7

QUESTION 3 - 2015 PULAU PINANG Experiment 1 is carried out to determine the rate of reaction between 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and excess zinc powder. Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up for Experiment 1. Eksperimen 1 dijalankan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3 dan serbuk zink berlebihan. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi Eksperimen 1.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas released.

[Molar volume of gas at room conditions is 24 mol dm-3] Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terbebas.

[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik ialah 24 mol dm-3] [5 marks]

(b) The rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid can be changed by using catalyst.

Kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik dapat diubah dengan menggunakan mangkin.

(i) Name one suitable catalyst that can be used in this reaction. Namakan satu mangkin yang sesuai digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.

[1 marks] (ii) Draw the energy profile diagram for the reaction. Show in the diagram the activation

energy without the use of catalyst, Ea and with the use of catalyst, Ea ’. Lukis gambarajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas itu. Tunjukkan pada rajah tersebut tenaga pengaktifan tanpa menggunakan mangkin, Ea dan dengan menggunakan mangkin, Ea '.

[4 marks]


8

(iii) Referring to the collision theory, explain how catalyst can affect the rate of the reaction.

Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mangkin boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu.

[4 marks] (iv) Catalysts are widely used in industries for the manufacturing of chemical based products.

State one chemical process and name the catalyst used in that industrial process. Mangkin digunakan secara meluas dalam industri pembuatan produk berasaskan bahan kimia. Nyatakan satu proses kimia dan nama mangkin yang digunakan dalam proses industri tersebut.

[2 marks] (c) Experiment II is also carried out under the same conditions except using 10 cm3 of 0.5 mol

dm-3 hydrochloric acid to replace 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid used in Experiment I. Compare the rate of reaction and the maximum volume of hydrogen gas released for both of the experiments. Explain your answer. Eksperimen II dijalankan pada keadaan-keadaan yang sama kecuali menggunakan 10 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 untuk menggantikan 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3 yang digunakan dalam Eksperimen I. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas serta isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

[4 marks]


9

Suggested Answer a. 2HCI + Zn ZnCI2 + H2

No. of moles of HCI 005.01000

252.0

No. of moles of H2 2

1 No. of moles of HCI

= 0.0025 Volume of H2 = 0.0025 X 24 = 0.06 dm3

b. i. Copper (II) sulphate solution ii.

iii. 1. Catalyst increases the rate of reaction 2. Copper(ll) sulphate / Catalyst lowers the activation energy // Copper(ll) sulphate /

Catalyst provides an alternative path with a lower activation energy 3. More zinc atoms and hydrogen ions are able to achieve the lower activation

energy 4. The frequency of effective collision increases iv. 1. Haber process, iron 2. Contact process, vanadium(V) oxide 3. Ostwald process, platinum [Anyone]

c. 1. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I. 2. The concentration of hydrochloric acid / H+ ions used in Experiment II is higher than

in Experiment I. 3. The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released from both experiments is the same. 4. The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used in both experiments is the same.


10

QUESTION 4 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1 A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Table 8 shows information about the reaction in each experiment. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen. Experiment Eksperimen


I 60 cm3 of 0.25 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution 30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3

II 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution 30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3

III 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution + manganese (IV) oxide 30 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.5 mol dm -3 + mangan (IV) oksida

Table 8 / Jadual 8

The graph in diagram 8 shows the results of these experiments. Graf pada rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.


11

(a) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I. Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen I.

[2 marks] (b) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to oxygen gas and water. Sketch the energy profile diagram

for Experiment II and Experiment III on the same axes. Indicates clearly the activation energy for both experiments. Hidrogen peroksida terurai kepada gas oksigen dan air. Lakarkan gambar rajah profil tenaga bagi Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen lll pada paksi yang sama. Tunjukkan dengan jelas tenaga pengaktifan bagi setiap eksperimen.

[4 marks] (c) Based on Table 8 and Graph 8, compare the rate of reaction between Berdasarkan Jadual 8 dan Graf 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

• Experiment I and Experiment II / Eksperimen I and Eksperimen II • Experiment II and Experiment III / Eksperimen II and Eksperimen III

In each case explain the difference rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory. Terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas bagi setiap kes dengan merujuk pada teori pelanggaran.

[10 marks] (d) The chemical equation below shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

2222 22 OOHOH

Calculate the maximum volume of oxygen gas produced in Experiment II. Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas oksigen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen II. [ 1 mole of gas occupied 24 dm -3 at room condition] [1 mol gas menempati 24 dm -3 pada keadaan bilik ]

[4 marks]


12

Suggested Answer a.

Average rate = 55

50 = 0.909 // 0.91 cm3 s-1

b.

1. Y axis labeled energy 2. Both curve drawn correctly with label 3.Energy level labeled with reactant and products [a: exo or endo] 4.Activation energy labeled correctly

c. Experiment I and Experiment II: 1. Rate of reaction of experiment II Is higher than experiment I 2. Experiment II use higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide 3. The number of Hydrogen peroxide molecules / reactant particles per unit volume in

experiment II is higher. 4 .Frequency of collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules of experiment II

become higher 5. Frequency of effective collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules/reactant

particles of experiment II become higher Experiment II and Experiment III : 6. Rate of reaction of experiment III is higher than experiment II. 7. Catalyst that is Manganese (IV) oxide present in experiment III. 8. Manganese(IV) oxide lower the activation energy of the reaction in experiment III 9. More colliding hydrogen peroxide molecules easily overcome the lower activation

energy in experiment III 10. Frequency of effective collision between Hydrogen peroxide molecules of

experiment III become higher

d. 1. Number of mole of 22OH 015.0//

1000

305.0

2. 2 mole of 22OH produce 1 mole of 2O .

3. Number of mole of 2O 0075.0//2

015.0

4. Volurne of 2O = 0.0075 x 24 dm3 //0.18 dm3 //180 cm3 [r: answer without unit]


13

QUESTION 5 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2 (a) A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of catalyst on the rate of

reaction of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Table 8 shows the result of the experiments. Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan mangkin ke atas kadar tindak balas pengaraian larutan hidrogen peroksida . Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Experiment Eksperimen

Reactant Bahan tindak balas

Time/s Masa/s

A 50 cm 3 of 0.05 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution 50 cm 3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.05 mol dm -3

40

B 50 cm 3 of 0.05 mol dm -3 hydrogen peroxide solution and 1g manganese (IV) oxide 50 cm 3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.05 mol dm -3 dan 1g mangan(IV) oksida

20

Table 8 / Jadual 8 (i) Write the equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Tuliskan persamaan bagi penguraian larutan hidrogen peroksida.

[2 marks] (ii) Sketch the graph of the volume of the gas liberated against time for Experiment A and

Experiment B on the same axes. Lakarkan graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa pada paksi yang sama bagi Eksperimen A dan Eksperimen B.

[3 marks] (iii) Explain briefly one method to manipulate another factor for experiment A in order to

increase the rate of reaction same as in experiment B and then give one application of that factor in everyday life. Terangkan secara ringkas satu kaedah untuk memanipulasikan faktor lain bagi eksperimen A untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas sama seperti eksperimen B dan kemudian berikan satu penggunaan faktor tersebut dalam kehidupan harian.

[5 marks]

(iv) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus set- up used in the experiment. Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen tersebut.

[2 marks]


14

(c) (i) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment A and Experiment B. Your explanation must refer to the collision theory. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas eksperimen A dan eksperimen B. Huraian anda mestilah merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran.

[5 marks]

(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram to show the effect of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Lukiskan gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk menunjukkan kesan mangkin ke atas penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

[3 marks] Suggested Answer

a.i. 2222 22 OOHOH

ii.

iii. i) Increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide

ii) 0.1 mol dm-3 / any suitable higher concentration iii) Volume 25cm3 / any suitable volume to get that match the concentration iv) Any suitable application of concentration v) How the application is used.


15

iv.

c.i. 1. Rate of reaction of experiment B is higher

2. The presence of catalyst in experiment B 3. The reaction through the alternative path // lower activation energy 4. More colliding particle can achieve the lower activation energy 5. Frequency of effective collision is higher.

ii.


16

QUESTION 6 - 2015 PERLIS A student carried out three sets of experiment to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction. The time taken to collect 40 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table 9. Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 40 cm3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual 9.

Set Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

Temperature of the mixture

Suhu campuran (C)

Time taken to collect 40 cm3 of hydrogen gas

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul

40 cm3 gas hydrogen/s I 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 nitric acid

25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm -3

+ Excess zinc powder Serbuk zink berlebihan

30 90

II 25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm -3 nitric acid 25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.4 mol dm -3


30 55

III 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 nitric acid 25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm -3


40 30

Table 9 / Jadual 9 (a) Zinc, Zn reacts with nitric acid, HNO3 to produce zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3 )2 and hydrogen gas,

H2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in set 1.

[Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions] Zink, Zn bertindak balas dengan asid nitrik, HNO3 menghasilkan zink nitrat, Zn(NO3)2 dan gas hidrogen, H2. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan dalam set 1. [Jisim atom relatif: Zn = 65; 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]

[4 marks] (b) Based on Table 9, compare the rates of reaction. Berdasarkan Jadual 9, bandingkan kadar tindak balas.

(i) Between set I and set II // Antara set I dengan set II (ii) Between set I and set III // Antara set I dengan set III


17

By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in 9(b)(i) or 9(b)(ii). Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran jawapan, terangkan jawapan anda di 9(b)(i) atau 9(b)(ii).

[6 marks] (c) Size of reactants and catalyst can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc.

Choose one of these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of reaction. Mangkin dan saiz bahan tindak balas juga dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara asid dengan zink, Pilih satu daripada dua faktor ini dan huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.


a. Zn + 2HNO3 Zn (NO3)2 + H2

No. of moles of HNO3 = 0.2 X 25 = 0.005mol 1000 2 mol of HNO3 1 mol H2

0.005 mol 0.0025 mol H2

Max volume of H2 = 0.0025 X 24 = 0.06 dm3 = 60cm 3

b.i. Rate of reaction set II higher than set I The concentration of nitric acid / HNO3 in set II higher than set I. // No. of particles per unit volume in set II is higher. Frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions / H+ and zinc atom / Zn higher in set II.

ii. Rate of reaction set III higher than set I The temperature in set III higher than set I // Kinetic energy of particles in set in is higher. Frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions/ H+ and zinc atom / Zn higher in set II.

c. Size of Reactants: 1. (25-50) cm 3 of (0.1-1.0) mol dm3 of hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into a

conical flask. 2. About 5.0 g of zinc granules is weigh. 3. A burette is filled with water and inverted into a basin containing water 4. The water level in the burette is adjusted to 50 cm mark. 5. The granulated zinc is added into the conical flask. 6. Immediately the conical flask is closed and connect it using delivery tube to the

burette


18

7. The stopwatch is started. 8. The conical flask is shaken steadily. 9. Record volume of hydrogen gas every 30 seconds interval. 10. The experiment is repeated using 5.0 g of zinc powder to replace 5.0 g of zinc

granules. Catalyst 1 (25-50) cm 3 of (0.1-1.0) mol dm3 of hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into

a conical flask. 2 About 5.0 g of zinc granules is weigh. 3. A burette is filled with water and inverted into a basin containing water 4. The granulated zinc is added into the conical flask. 5. 5 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added into the Conical flask. 6. Immediately the conical flask is closed and connect it using delivery tube to the

burette 7. The stopwatch is started. 8. The conical flask is shaken steadily. 9. Record volume of hydrogen gas every 30 seconds interval. 10.The experiment is repeated without adding copper (II) sulphate Solution-


19

QUESTION 7 - 2015 KELANTAN (a) A group of students carried out experiments to investigate the factor affecting the rate of

reaction between metal P and an acid Q. Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara logam P dan asid Q. Table 9 shows the information about the reactants and the time taken to collect 30 cm 3 of hydrogen gas. Jadual P menunjukkan maklumat tentang bahan tindak balas dan masa diambil untuk mengumpul 30 cm 3 gas hidrogen.

Experiment Eksperimen


Time Taken (s) Masa diambil (s)

I Powdered metal P and 50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm3 acid Q Serbuk logam P dan 50 cm 3 asid Q 1.0 mol mol dm3

10

II Powdered metal P and 100 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm3 J acid Q Serbuk logam P dan 100 cm 3 asid Q 0.5 mol dm3

20

Table 9 / Jadual 9

(i) Suggest the name of metal P and acid Q. Cadangkan nama logam P dan asid Q. (ii) By using the named metal P and acid Q. Write the chemical equation. Menggunakan logam P dan asid Q yang dinamakan, tulis persamaan kimia.

[4 marks]

(iii) Explain the difference in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II. Terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Use the collision theory in your explanation. Gunakan teori perlanggaran dalam penerangan anda.

[4 marks] (b) By using either size of reactant or temperature, describe an experiment how this factor

affecting the rate of reaction. Dengan menggunakan faktor saiz bahan tindak balas atau suhu, huraikan satu eksperimen bagaimana faktor berkenaan mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

[10 marks]


20

Suggested Answer 9.a.i P : [mana-mana logam di alas Cu dalam SEK]

Contoh: Magnesium / Zink / Aluminium [r: kalium/ natrium] Q: mana-mana asid Contoh: Asid hidroklorik / Asid sulfurik / Asid nitric [ a : asid lemah]

ii. Mg + 2HC1 MgC12 + H2 iii. Eksperimen I = 30 // 3 cm 3 S-1

10

Eksperimen II : = 30 //1.5 cm 3 S-1

20

1. Kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II. 2. Kepekalan asid dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II. //

Bilangan ion hydrogen per unit isipadu dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.

3. Frekuensi perlanggaran antara ion hydrogen dan atom [P] dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.

4. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah-zarah dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.

b Saiz bahan tindak balas

1. Isi sebuah besin dengan air 2. Isi sebuah buret dengan air dan telangkupkan dalam besin. 3. Rekod bacaan awal buret. 4. Tuangkan [20-200 cm3] asid hidroklorik [0.1 - 2.0 mol dm-3] ke dalam sebuah

kelalang kon. 5. Tambah [0.5-5 g] ketulan zink // berlebihan 6. Rekod bacaan buret pada sela masa 30 s/60 s // kumpul [isi padu tetap gas] dan rekod

masa diambil 7. Ulang langkah 1-6 menggunakan serbuk zink dengan jisim yang sama. 8. ****Jadual 9. ****graf//

Eks. Serbuk zink Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = a Eks. Ketulan zink Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = b a>b


21

10. Kesimpulan Kadar tindak balas menggunakan serbuk zink lebih tinggi.

Suhu 1. Isi sebuah besin dengan air 2. Isi sebuah buret dengan air dan telangkupkan dalam besin 3. Rekod bacaan awal buret. 4. Tuangkan [20-200 cm3] asid hidroklorik [0.1 -2 0 mol dm-3] ke dalam sebuah

kelalang kon. 5 Rekodkan suhu asid. 6. Tambah [0.5-5 g] ketulan zink // berlebihan 7 Rekod bacaan buret pada sela masa 30 s/60 s // kumpul [isi padu tetap gas] dan

rekod masa diambil. 8. Ulang langkah 1-6 menggunakan asid hidroklorik yang dipanaskan pada suhu [> 30"C] dengan mengekalkan jisim zink, isipadu dan kepekatan asid. 9. **** Jadual 10. ****graf//

Eks. Serbuk zink Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa =a Eks. Ketulan zink Kadar tindak balas = [isipadu gas]/masa = b a>b

11. Kesimpulan Kadar tindak balas menggunakan serbuk zink lebih tinggi.


22

QUESTION 8 - 2015 KEDAH MODUL 2 Table 10 shows the results of three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction. 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected in each experiment. Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. 50 cm3 gas karbon dioksida dikumpulkan dalam setiap eksperimen.

Experiments Eksperimen


Temperature Suhu

°C

Time taken to collects gas/s Masa yang diambil untuk

mengumpulkan gas/s I 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid

+ excess marble chips 50 cm3 Asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 + serpihan marmar berlebihan

28 240

II 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid + excess powdered marble chips 50 cm3 Asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 + serbuk marmar berlebihan

28 60

III 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid + excess marble chips 50 cm3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 + serpihan marmar berlebihan

40 150

Table 10 / Jadual 10 (a) Nitric acid reacts with marble chips to produce calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide gas and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of

carbon dioxide gas produced in experiment I. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] Asid nitrik bertindak balas dengan serpihan marmar untuk menghasilkan kalsium nitrat, gas karbon dioksida dan air. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas itu dan hitung isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dalam eksperimen I. [Jisim atom relatif: C = 12, Ca = 40; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

[5 marks] (b) Based on table 10, compare the rate of reaction between: Berdasarkan Jadual 10. bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:

Experiment I and experiment II / Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II Experiment I dan Experiment III / Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III

In each case explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory. Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran.

[6 marks]


23

(c) Catalyst can be used to increase the rate of reaction between metal and acid. By using a suitable named of metal and acid, describe an experiment to show how catalyst affects the rate of reaction. Mangkin boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas antara logam dan asid. Dengan menggunakan satu logam, asid dan mangkin yang dinamakan, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana mangkin boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.


.a. CaCO33+ 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H 2O Number of mole HNO3 = (50 X 0.1) / 1000

= 0.5 mol 2 mol HNO3 : 1 mol CO2

Number of mol of CO2 produced = 0.05 / 2 = 0.025 mol Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.025 X 24 = 0.6 dm3

= 600cm3 b. i.

- The rate of reaction of Experiment II higher than Experiment I - Powdered marble chip has higher Total Surface Area that exposed to collision

with hydrogen ions - So, the frequency of collisions is higher. - So, the frequency of effective collisions is higher

ii.

- The rate of reaction of Experiment III higher than Experiment I - The temperature in experiment III is higher than experiment I. - The kinetic energy of reactants/hydrogen ions is higher the reactants move faster. - So, the frequency of collisions between hydrogen ions and calcium carbonate is

higher. - So, the frequency of effective collisions is higher.

c. Zinc magnesium Nitric acid hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid Catalyst: copper(II) sulphate 1. Fill a burette with water, invert into a basin with water, clamp with retort stand,

adjust the meniscus to 50 cm3 2.50cm3 of 1.0 mol dm° nitric acid is poured into a conical flask. 3.Excess zinc magnesium granules are added into the acid 4. A stopper with delivery tube is immediately connected to collect the gas released.


24

(consider diagram if any) 5. Start the stop watch the time taken to collect 50 cm3 of gas is recorded. 6. Step 1 to 5 are repeated by adding copper (II) sulphate in step 2. 7. The present of catalyst copper (II) sulphate will increase the rate of reaction reduced

tune taken to collect 50 cm' of gas.

FORM 5 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2: CARBON COMPOUNDS QUESTION 1 - 2015 PULAU PINANG QUESTION 5 Diagram 2 shows a flow chart of the changes occurred of organic compounds. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu siri perubahan yang berlaku ke atas sebatian organic.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

(a) State one homologous series for but-1-ene. Nyatakan siri homolog bagi but-1-ena.

[1 mark] (b) Draw the structural formula for two isomers of butan-1-ol.

Lukis formula struktur bagi dua isomer butan-1-ol. [2 mark]

(c) Based on Reaction I, state the type of the reaction.

Berdasarkan Tindak balas I, nyatakan jenis tindak balas tersebut. [1 mark]

(d) Draw the set up of apparatus used in Reaction II.

Lukis susunan radas yang digunakan dalam Tindak balas II. [2 mark]


25

(e) In Reaction III, name the reagent used in this process.

Dalam tindak balas III, namakan reagen yang digunakan dalam proses ini. [1 mark]

(f) Propanoic acid is added to butan-1-ol to produce compound P.

Asid propanoik ditambahkan kepada butan-1-ol untuk menghasilkan sebatian P. (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. [2 mark]

(ii) State one physical property of compound P.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian P. [1 marks]

Suggested Answer

(a) Alkene (b)

(c) Hydration (d)

(e) Acidified potassium manganate (VII) // Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) (f) (i) C2H5COOH + C4H9OH C2H5COOC4H9 + H2O

(ii) Sweet / pleasant / fruity smell


26

QUESTION 2 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1 QUESTION 6 Diagram 6 shows the conversion of but-l-ene to hydrocarbon Y Through process X at 180 °C with the presence of nickel as a catalyst. Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran but-l-ena kepada hidrokarbon Y melalui proses X pada 180°C dengan kehadiran nikel sebagai mangkin.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

(a) Name process X. Namakan proses X.

[1 mark] (b) Write the chemical equation to represent process X. Tulis persamaan kimia untuk mewakili proses X.

[1 mark] (c) Describe one chemical test to differentiate but-l-ene and hydrocarbon Y.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi membezakan but-l-ena dan hidrokarbon Y. [3 marks]

(d) 29g of hidrokarbon Y is completely burnt in oxygen as in the equation below. 29g hidrokarbon Y terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen seperti dalam persamaan di

bawah.

OHCOOHC 222104 542

13

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas produced . Hitung isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12. O = 16. H = 1] [Jisim atom relatif. C = 12. O = 16. H - 1]

[3 marks]


27

(e) Isomerism is the phenomenon where a compound has the same molecular fonnula but different structural formula. Butene has three isomers. Draw all the isomers of butene. Isomerism ialah fenomena di mana suatu sebatian mempunya formula molekul yang sama tetapi formula struktur yang berbeza. Butena mempunyai tiga isomer. Lukis semua isomer bagi butena.

[3 marks] Suggested Answer (a) Hidrogenation / Addition

(b) 10484 HCHC

(c) 1. Put 2-3 drops of bromine into two different test tubes 2. Fill 2 3cm of but-1-ene and 2 3cm of hydrocarbon Y in the test tubes with stopper. 3. But-1-ene decolourise brown bromine water but in hydrocarbon Y remain

unchanged or 1. Put 2-3 drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution into two different test

tubes 2. Fill 2 3cm of but-1-ene and 2 3cm of hydrocarbon Y into the test tubes with stopper. 4. Shake the test tubes 3. But-1-ene decolourise purple acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution but in

hydrocarbon Y purple colour remain unchanged (d) 1 mol Y 4 mol 2CO

0.5 mol 2 mol 2CO

Mass of 2CO = 2 x 44g = 88g

(e) Isomer


28

QUESTION 3 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2 QUESTION 6 Diagram 6 shows the flow chart for the conversion of propanol to propeae to propanol through Process I and Process II. Rajah 6 menunjukkan carta alir penukaran propanol kepada propena kepada propana melalui Proses I dan II.

Propanol Propanol

Process 1

Propene Propena

Process 2

Propane Propana

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

(a) Name the homologous series for propene. Namakan siri homolog bagi propena.

[1 mark] (b) Complete the chemical equation for Process 1 by drawing the structural formula of the

product formed. Lengkapkan persamaan kimia bagi Proses 1 dengan melukis formula struktur hasil yang terbentuk.

[1 mark]

(c) Propene and propane are combustible in oxygen. Propena dan propana mudah terbakar dalam oksigen. (i) Write the chemical equation for combustion of propene in excess oxygen. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran propena di dalam oksigen berlebihan.

[1 mark] (ii) Compare the sootiness for the combustion of propene and propane. Explain your answer. [Given the relative molar mass of propene = 42 gmol-1 and propane = 44 gmol-1]

Bandingkan jelaga yang terhasil semasa pembakaran propena dan propana. Terangkan jawapan anda. [Diberi jisim molar bagi propena = 42 gmol-1 dan propana = 44 gmol-1]

[3 marks]


29

(d) Propene decolorised the purple colour of potassium manganate (VII) solution but propane does not change the purple colour of potassium manganate (VII) solution.

Give a reason. Propena menyahwarnakan warna ungu larutan kalium manganate (VII) tetapi propana tidak mengubah warna ungu larutan kalium manganat (VII). Berikan satu sebab.

[1 mark] (e) Draw a labelled diagram to show how Process 1 can be carried out.

Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel yang menunjukkan bagaimana Proses 1 boleh dijalankan. [3 marks]

Suggested Answer (a) Alkene / alkena b.

c.i. C3H6 + 9/2 O2 3CO2 + 3H2O

Correct formula of reactant and product Balance equation

ii. Propene produce more soot % of C in propene is higher than that in propane % of C in propene: 3 X 12 X 100 = 85.71% 42 % of C in propane: 3 X 12 X 100 = 81.82% 44

d. Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon but propane is saturated hydrocarbon // Propene has double bond but propane has single bond.

e.


30

QUESTION 4 - 2015 KELANTAN QUESTION 6

Diagram 6 shows a flow chart to prepare substance P, OHC 62 from pineapple juice using

fermentation process.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penyediaan bahan P, OHC 62 daripada jus nenas melalui

proses penapaian.

(a) State the substance required for the fermentation process of pineapple juice. Nyatakan bahan yang diperlukan untuk proses penapaian jus nenas.

[1 mark]

(b) State the homologous series of substance P. Nyatakan siri homolog bagi bahan P.

[1 mark] (c) Name the substance Q? Namakan bahan Q?

[1 mark] (d) Substance P is a very good fuel. Bahan P adalah merupakan bahan api yang sangat baik. (i) Explain why? Terangkan mengapa?

[1 mark]


31

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation when substance P is burnt completely in excess oxygen. Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang apabila bahan P terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan.

[2 marks] (e) Diagram 6 above, substance P reacts with substance Q to produce substance R.

Dalam Rajah 6 di atas, bahan P berrindak balas dengan bahan O untuk menghasilkan bahan R,

(i) State the reaction to produce substance R above. Nyatakan tindak balas untuk menghasikan bahan R tersebut.

[1 mark]

(ii) State the name of substance R. Nyatakan nama bahan R.

[1 mark]

(iii) Compare the electrical conductivity between substance Q and R. Explain. Banding kekonduksian elektrik antara bahan Q dan bahan R. Terangkan.

[2 marks] Suggested Answer (a) Yis / enzim Zimase (b) Alkohol (c) Asid propanoik (d) (i) Mempunyai haba pembakaran yang tinggi / kurang jelaga / pembakaran berlaku

lengkap / tidak mencemarkan alam sekitar.

(ii) OHCOOOHC 22262 323

(e) (i) Pengesteran (ii) Etil propanoat (iii) Bahan Q boleh mengkonduksi elektrik tetapi bahan R tidak boleh. Q mengandungi ion-ion yang bergerak bebas tetapi R tiada (terdiri daripada

molekul)


32

QUESTION 5 - 2012 SBP QUESTION 6 Diagram 6.1 shows the conversion of but-2-ene to hydrocarbon Y through Process X at 180°C with the presence of nickel as a catalyst. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pertukaran but-2-ena kepada hidrokarbon Y melalui Proses X pada 180°C dengan kehadiran nikel sebagai mangkin.

(a) Name process X. Namakan proses X.

[1 mark]

(b) Write the chemical equation to represent process X. Tulis persamaan kimia untuk mewakili proses X.

[1 mark] (c) 28g of but-2-ene is completely burnt in oxygen.

The chemical equation below shows the combustion of but-2-ene.

[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, H = 1; Molar volume of gas = 24 13 moldm at room conditions] 28g but-2-ena terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan pembakaran but-2-ena.

[Jisim atom relalif: C = 12, O = 16, H = 1; Isi padu molar gas = 24 13 moldm pada keadaan bilik]

(i) Calculate the number of moles of but-2-ene burnt. Hitung bilangan mol but-2-ena yang terbakar.

[1 mark] (ii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced. Hitung isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil.

[2 marks]


33

(d) Describe a chemical test to differentiate but-2-ene and hydrocarbon Y. Terangkan satu ujian kimia bagi membezakan but-2-ena dan hidrokarbon Y.

[3 marks] (e) Diagram 6.2 shows two types of rubbers, rubber type A and rubber type B. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan dua jenis getah, getah jenis A dan getah jenis B.

(i) Identify the type of rubbers A and B. Kenal pasti jenis getah A dan B.

[2 marks] (ii) Compare the elasticity of rubber type A and rubber type B. Bandingkan keelastikan getah jenis A dengan getah jenis B.

[1 mark]


34

Suggested Answer

(a) Hydrogenation (b) 104284 HCHHC

(c) (i) Mole of but-2-ene mol05.0

56

8.2

(ii) 1. 1 mole of butene burns in oxygen gas produces 4 moles of carbon dioxide gas. Therefore 0.05 mole of butene burns in oxygen gas produces 0.2 mole of carbon dioxide gas//

2. Volume of 32 8.4242.0 dmCO

(d) 1. 2 3cm of but-2-ene and 2 3cm of butane gas are filled in two different test tubes. 2. 2-3 drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution is added to both test

tubes. 3. But-2-ene decolourises purple acidified 4KMnO . Purple acidified 4KMnO in butane

remains unchange. Or 1. 2 3cm of but-2-ene and 2 3cm of butane gas are filled in two different test tubes. 2. 2-3 drops of bromine water is added to both lest tubes. 3. But-2-ene decolourises brown bromine water. Brown bromine water in butane

remains unchange. (e) (i) A: Unvulcanised rubber B: Vulcanised rubber

(ii) Rubber type B / Vulcanised rubber is more elastic than rubber type A / unvulcanised rubber.


35

QUESTION 6 - 2015 KEDAH MODUL 2 QUESTION 8 Table 8.1 show few carbon compounds with their structural formula. Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan beberapa sebatian karbon dan formula struktur masing-masing.

Compound Sebatian

Structural formula Formula struktur

P

Q

R

S

Table 8.1 / Jadual 8.1


36

(i) Compare and contrast the sootiness of compound P and compound Q when burnt in excess of oxygen. Explain your answer. Bandingkan dan bezakan kejelagaan sebatian P dan sebatian Q apabila terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan. Terangkan jawapan anda. [Relative atomic mass: C=12, H=l] [Jisim atom relatif: C=12, H=l ]

[4 marks] (ii) Table 8.2 shows the results of a test on compounds P and Q.

Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi suatu ujian keatas sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

Table 8.2 // Jadual 8.2

Based on table 8.2 explain the difference in the observation. Berdasarkan jadual 8.2, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.

[4 marks]

(b) 2.3g of compound R is burnt completely in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide gas and water. Write the chemical equation for the reaction and determine the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced. 2.3g sebatian R terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan untuk menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan air. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut dan tentukan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil. [Molar mass of R=46, molar volume at room condition= 24 dm3 mol-1] [Jisim molar R =46, isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik 24 dm3 mol-1]

[5marks]

Test Ujian

Method Kaedah

Observation Pemerhatian

I Compound P is shaken with bromine water in a test tube. Sebatian P digoncang dengan air bromin dalam suatu tabung uji.

Brown bromine water remain unchanged. Warna perang air bromin tidak berubah.

II Compound Q is shaken with bromine water in a test tube. Sebatian Q digoncang dengan air bromin dalam suatu tabung uji.

Brown bromine water decolourised. Warna perang air bromin dinyahwarnakan.


37

(c) Diagram 8 shows foods contain ester. Rajah 8 menunjukkan makanan yang mengandungi ester.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(i) State two compounds from Table 8.1 that react to produce ester. Name and draw the

structural formula of the ester formed. Nyatakan dua sebatian daripada Jadual 8. 1 yang bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan ester. Namakan dan lukiskan formula struktur bagi ester yang terbentuk.

[4 marks] (ii) Acid T is used as catalyst during esterification reaction. When concentrated acid T

spills on marble floor bubbles are formed. Name acid T and write the ionic equation for the reaction. Asid T digunakan sebagai mangkin semasa tindak balas pengesteran. Apabila asid T yang pekat tumpah ke atas lantai marmar gelembung gas terbentuk. Namakan asid T dan tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[3 marks]

Suggested Answer a (i) Percentage of C in P

= 36 X 100% 44 =81.81% Percentage of C in Q = 36 X 100% 42 =85.7% Q produce more soot because percentage of carbon by mass of Q more than P.

ii. Test I 1. P is saturated hydrocarbon / P has single bond between carbon atoms 2. Do not undergo addition reaction //do not react with bromine Test II 3. Q is unsaturated hydrocarbon / Q has double bond between carbon atom 4. Undergoes addition reaction react with bromine

b. C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O


38

1.correct formula and reactant 2.correct balancing

3. No of mole of ethanol = 46

3.2// 0.05 mol

4. 1 mole of ethanol produce 2 mole of carbon dioxide // 0.05 mole of ethanol produce 0.1 mole of carbon dioxide

5. volume = 0.1 x 24 dm3 // 2.4 dm3 c.i. 1. R 2. S 3. ethyl butanoate

4.

ii. T = sulphuric acid

2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O

QUESTION 7 – 2015 SBP QUESTION 8 Diagram 8 shows the flow chart for the reactions of propan-1-ol. Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta alir bagi tindak balas propanol.

(a) Draw the structural formula and state the name of compounds X, Y and Z. Lukiskan formula struktur dan nyatakan nama sebatian X, Y dan Z.

[6 marks] (b) State the type of Reaction I and explain a chemical test to identify compound X. Nyatakan jenis Tindak balas I dan terangkan ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti sebatian X.

[3 marks]


39

(c) Compound X can be converted into propan-1-ol. Write the chemical equation and state the conditions needed for the reaction. Sebatian X boleh ditukarkan kepada propan-1-ol. Tuliskan persamaaan kimia dan nyatakan keadaan diperlukan untuk tindak balas itu.

[3 marks] (d) In Reaction III, describe the method of preparing compound Z in the laboratory.

Dalam Tindak balas III, huraikan kaedah penyediaan sebatian Z di makmal. [4 marks]

(e) When calcium carbonate is added to compound Y, carbon dioxide gas is liberated.

• State the name of the functional group of compound Y. • Write the general formula of compound Y. • Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Apabila kalsium karbonat ditambahkan kepada sebatian Y, gas karbon diaksida dibebaskan. • Nyatakan nama kimpulan berfungsi sebatian Y. • Tuliskan fornula am bagi xebatian Y • Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.


(a)

(b) 1. Dehydration reaction

2. Add bromine / potassium manganate (VII) solution 3. Brown colour of bromine is decolourised./ Purple colour of 4KMnO changes to

colourless.


40

(c) 1. Correct formula of rcactants 2. Correct formula of product 3. OHHCOHHC 73263

Conditions needed for the reaction: - Phosphoric acid - Temperature 300 °C - Pressure 60 atm

(d) 1. 2 3cm of glacial ethanoic acid is poured into a boiling tube. 2. 2 3cm of propan-1-ol is added to the acid. 3. Concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly and carefully. 4. The mixture is heated.

(e) 1. Functional group: carboxyl group / -COOH

2. General formula: COOHHC nn 12

3. Correct formula of reactants and products 4. Balanced

OHCOCOOHCCaCaCOCOOHHC 222523522

QUESTION 8 – 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1 QUESTION 10 Alcohol is an example of an organic compound with various uses. The general formula of alcohol is CnH2n+1 OH. Alkohol adalah satu contoh sebatian organik dengan pelbagai kegunaan. Formula am alkohol adalah CnH2n+1 OH. (a) An alcohol contains 64.9 % of carbon. 13.5% of hydrogen and 21.6% of oxygen. Determine

the molecular formula of the alcohol and state the name of the alcohol. Sejenis alcohol mengandungi 64.9 % karbon, 13.5% hidrogen and 21.6%oksigen. Tentukan formula molekul alkohol tersebut dan nyatakan nama alkohol tersebut.

[3 marks] (b) Diagram 10 shows the flow chart on how ethanol can be prepared in the school laboratory

and industry using glucose and ethene respectively.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan carta alir bagaimana etanol dapat disediakan di makmal sekolah dan industri menggunakan glukosa dan etena masing-masing.

Glucose Glukosa

Ethanol Etanol

Ethene Etena

Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

Briefly describe the preparation of ethanol from glucose and ethene. Your description must include: • The name of the process and the steps required.


41

• The chemicals to be used and the suitable conditions for the conversions • The chemical equation for the reactions that occur

Huraikan dengan ringkas penyediaan etanol daripada glukosa dan etena. Huraian anda haruslah merangkumi: • Nama bagi proses dan langkah yang terlibat • Bahan kimia yang digunakan dan keadaan yang sesuai bagi pertukaran • Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku

[10 marks] (c) Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to form esters and water.

By using one named example of an alcohol and one named example of a carboxylic acid, describe the preparation of an ester in the laboratory. Alkohol bertindak balas dengan asid karboksilik untuk menghasilkan ester dan air. Dengan menggunakan satu alkohol yang dinamakan dan satu asid karboksilik yang dinamakan, huraikan penyediaan ester di dalam makmal.

[6 marks]


42

Suggested Answer .a. Elements C : H : O

Mass/g 64.9 : 13.5 : 21.6 No of mole 5.4 : 13.5 : 1.35 Ratio 4 : 10 : 1 C4H 9OH Butanol

b. From glucose: Process Fermentation Step

50cm3 glucose solution is added with yeast into a conical flask Left for 30 days The product is then purified by fractional distillation

Chemical equation C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 From ethane: Process Hydration // addition reaction Step

A mixture of ethene and water vapour / steam are passed over phosphoric acid as the catalyst

At temperature of 300 °C and pressure of 60 atm Chemical equation C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

c. - Name any suitable alcohol - Name any suitable carboxylic - Mix alcohol and carboxylic acid (same volume) - In round bottom flask - Add a few drops of sulphuric acid concentrated - Heat the mixture in bath under reflux


43

QUESTION 9 – 2014 SBP QUESTION 10 SBP 2014 Question 10 Diagram 10.1 shows the conversion of an organic compound from one homologous series to another. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan penukaran sebatian organik daripada satu siri homolog kepada yang lain.

(a) Propanol burns completely in excess oxygen gas to produce gas X and water.

• Write a balance chemical equation to show the reaction. • Calculate the volume of gas X produced if 0.3 mol of oxygen gas is used in this reaction. [Molar volume at room conditions = 24.0 13 moldm ] Propanol terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan gas X dan air. • Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut. • Hitungkan isi padu gas X yang terhasil jika 0.3 mol gas oksigen digunakan dalam tindak

balas ini. [Isipadu molar pada keadaan bilik = 24.0 13 moldm ]

[4 marks] (b) Propanol reacts with propanoic acid to produce ester Y. Draw the structural formula and

name of the ester Y formed. Compare propanol and ester Y in terms of: • Functional group • Solubility in water Propanol bertindak balas dengan asid propanoik untuk menghasilkan ester Y. Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan ester yang terbentuk. Bandingkan propanol dan ester Y dari segi: • Kumpulan berfungsi • Keterlarutan dalam air

[6 marks]


44

(c) Diagram 10.2 shows two reagent bottles P and Q. One of the bottles contains hexane while another contains hexene. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan dua botol reagen P dan Q. Satu daripada botol tersebut mengandungi heksana dan satu lagi mengandungi heksena.

Describe a chemical test to verify hexane and hexene in the bottles. Your explanation should include: • List of apparatus and materials • Procedure • Observation Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti heksana dan heksena dalam botol itu. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi: • Senarai bahan dan radas • Prosedur • Pemerhatian

[10 marks]


45

Suggested Answer (a)

Chemical equation: OHCOOOHHC 22273 432

9 //

Chemical equation: OHCOOOHHC 22273 8692

Volume of gas X: 1. Based on equation;

2

9mol 2O : 3 mol 2CO

0.3 mol 2O : 0.2 mol 2CO

2. Volume of 2CO 33 4800//8.4242.0 cmdm

(b) Structural formula of ester Y

Name: propyl propanoate

Propanol Ester Y Functional group Hydroxyl / - OH Carboxylate/ - COO Solubility in water Soluble in water Insoluble in water

. (c) Apparatus: test tubes, dropper.

Materials : bromine water // acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution, hexane, hexane.

Procedure: 1. [2 - 5] 3cm of liquid in bottle P is poured into a test tube. 2. 2 3cm / A few drop of bromine water // acidified potassium manganate(VII)

solution is added to the test tube. 3. The mixture is shaken. 4. Any changes is observed and recorded. 5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated by using the liquid in bottle Q to replace the liquid in

bottle P. Observation:

Set Observation Liquid in bottle P Brown bromine water decolourised // purple

acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution decolourised.

Liquid in bottle Q No change. Liquid in bottle P is hexene. Liquid in bottle Q is hexane.

powered by andrew choo exam tips collection of spm … · 2020-02-22 · merujuk kepada eksperimen,...

Documents