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PERCEIVED HELPING SKILLS OF PERCEIVED HELPING SKILLS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS IN

SELECTED BARANGAYS OF SAN SELECTED BARANGAYS OF SAN PASCUAL BATANGAS TOWARDS PASCUAL BATANGAS TOWARDS

ENHANCEMENT OF COMMUNITY ENHANCEMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SERVICES

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course RequirementIn Partial Fulfillment of the Course RequirementFor the Degree of Bachelor of Science in NursingFor the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing

By:By:

JOY VANESSA R. ASCALONJOY VANESSA R. ASCALONCHRISTIAN PERRY M. BOOLCHRISTIAN PERRY M. BOOLNEIZERENE M. LACSAMANANEIZERENE M. LACSAMANA

CHAPTER ICHAPTER ITHE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDTHE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Philippines as a developing country remained plagued by largely preventable infectious diseases, exacerbated by overpopulation, malnutrition and poverty, emerging infectious diseases, malnutrition and the concomitant increase in type II diabetes among children; the impact of adolescent pregnancy; and the ongoing social, economic and health disasters. These are all ongoing public health challenges for our health care providers. Because of these challenges nurses and all health care providers continually upgrade their skills and knowledge for community work or pursue further training in order to help the entire population group. They continually seek ways to improve nursing practices and satisfaction of client they serve, embracing the emerging trend in the health care today – that is, helping the client to be responsible for their own health.

It is for this reason that the researchers thought of coming up with an assessment of the Community Health Workers’ helping skills. The present study was undertaken to assess the quality of helping skills the Community Health Workers possesses. The researchers believe that Community Health Workers need to be more flexible and equipped with proper “helping skills”. As a third world country where a typical Filipino family cannot afford to pay private professionals for counseling to help the family act upon on their health problems, Community Health Workers are in great position as replacement to do this task.

Statement of the Statement of the ProblemProblem

1. What is the profile of the 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:respondents in terms of:

•Age;Age;•Gender;Gender;•Civil Status;Civil Status;•Educational Attainment;Educational Attainment;•Family Income?Family Income?

2. What is the extent of perceived helping skills of 2. What is the extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers in the delivery of community health workers in the delivery of public health services in San Pascual, public health services in San Pascual, Batangas in relation to four (4) basic Batangas in relation to four (4) basic concepts as assessed by themselves and concepts as assessed by themselves and community members:community members:

– Attending;Attending;– Responding;Responding;– Personalizing;Personalizing;– Initiating?Initiating?

3. Is there a significant difference in the extent of perceived helping skills of Community health Workers in the delivery of public health service as assessed by community health workers and members of the community?

4.Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the Community Health Worker-respondents and the assessed extent of perceived helping skills in the delivery of public health service?

5. Is there a significant relationship 5. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of between the demographic profile of the community member-respondents the community member-respondents and the assessed extent of perceived and the assessed extent of perceived helping skills in the delivery of helping skills in the delivery of public health service?public health service?

Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical FrameworkThis study recognizes Helping and Human This study recognizes Helping and Human Relationship Theory of Robert R. Carkhuff. Relationship Theory of Robert R. Carkhuff. According to Carkhuff helping is a process According to Carkhuff helping is a process leading to new behavior for the person leading to new behavior for the person being helped. Potentially all relationships being helped. Potentially all relationships are helping relationships. It depends upon are helping relationships. It depends upon the helping skills one has, the effects of the helping skills one has, the effects of skills depend upon how we sequence skills depend upon how we sequence them. Thus helping in real sense is a them. Thus helping in real sense is a developmental process like child rearing.developmental process like child rearing.

Helper’s Skill in HelpingHelper’s Skill in HelpingHelping skillsHelping skills

Attending -- Responding – Personalizing Attending -- Responding – Personalizing -- Initiating-- Initiating

Involvement –Exploration – Involvement –Exploration – Understanding -ActionUnderstanding -Action

Helper’s Skill in Helping

Helpee Goals:


Helpee Goals:


Helpee Goals:


Helpee Goals:


Helpee Goals:


Helpee Goals:

Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework

Enhancement of Health Care

Services

A. The demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

AgeGenderCivil StatusEducational AttainmentFamily’s Monthly

Income

B. The extent of perceived helping skills of health workers in San Pascual, Batangas in relation to four (4) basic concepts:

AttendingRespondingPersonalizingInitiating

Utilization of Demographic

Profile &

Helping Skills

INPUTPROCESS

OUTPUT

Figure 1. The demographic profile and perceived helping skills of community health workers towards enhancement of health care services

As reflected in Figure 1, the study made As reflected in Figure 1, the study made use of systems approach which follows use of systems approach which follows the steps in conducting the study. These the steps in conducting the study. These procedures include the input, the process procedures include the input, the process and the output. The input frame and the output. The input frame considered as the independent variables considered as the independent variables of the study include the following items: of the study include the following items: the demographic profile of the the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status and educational attainment and status and educational attainment and the extent of perceived helping skills in the extent of perceived helping skills in relation to attending, responding, relation to attending, responding, personalizing and initiating.personalizing and initiating.

The process frame assumed as the The process frame assumed as the intervening variables, it identifies the intervening variables, it identifies the utilization of respondent’s utilization of respondent’s demographic profile in terms of age demographic profile in terms of age gender, civil status and family monthly gender, civil status and family monthly income and helping skills in relation to income and helping skills in relation to concepts of attending, responding, concepts of attending, responding, personalizing and initiating.personalizing and initiating.The output frame regarded as the The output frame regarded as the dependent variable pertains to the dependent variable pertains to the foreseen outcome which is foreseen outcome which is enhancement of health care services, enhancement of health care services, after testing of the research after testing of the research hypotheses.hypotheses.

HypothesesHypothesesThe study tested the following null The study tested the following null

hypotheses:hypotheses:

1. There is no significant difference in the 1. There is no significant difference in the extent of perceived helping skills of extent of perceived helping skills of Community health Workers in the delivery Community health Workers in the delivery of public health service as assessed by of public health service as assessed by community health workers and members community health workers and members of the community.of the community.

2. There is no significant relationship 2. There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the between the demographic profile of the Community Health Worker-respondents Community Health Worker-respondents and the assessed extent of perceived and the assessed extent of perceived helping skills in the delivery of public helping skills in the delivery of public health service.health service.

3. There is no significant 3. There is no significant relationship between the relationship between the demographic profile of the demographic profile of the community member-respondents community member-respondents and the assessed extent and the assessed extent perceived helping skills in the perceived helping skills in the delivery of public health servicedelivery of public health service

Scope and Limitation of the Scope and Limitation of the StudyStudy

The study is confined to the assessment of the The study is confined to the assessment of the perceived helping skills practiced by the Community perceived helping skills practiced by the Community Health Workers in the delivery of public health Health Workers in the delivery of public health service among selected Barangays of San Pascual, service among selected Barangays of San Pascual, Batangas. These Barangays include Poblacion, San Batangas. These Barangays include Poblacion, San Antonio, and Banaba. Antonio, and Banaba.

The respondents of the study were the Community The respondents of the study were the Community health workers of San Pascual, Batangas, health workers of San Pascual, Batangas, specifically the Nurses, Midwives and Barangay specifically the Nurses, Midwives and Barangay Health Workers, as well as the randomly selected Health Workers, as well as the randomly selected Community Members who patronize the services of Community Members who patronize the services of their health centers. The demographic profile of the their health centers. The demographic profile of the respondents as to age, gender, civil status, respondents as to age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, and family’s monthly educational attainment, and family’s monthly income were investigated. income were investigated.

The extent of helping skills in the delivery The extent of helping skills in the delivery of public health service of the community of public health service of the community health workers which include attending health workers which include attending skills, responding skills, personalizing skills, responding skills, personalizing skills and initiating skills is the highlight skills and initiating skills is the highlight of the survey. The significant difference of the survey. The significant difference on the extent of perceived helping skills on the extent of perceived helping skills as assessed by the health workers and as assessed by the health workers and members of the community as well as the members of the community as well as the significant relationship between the significant relationship between the demographic profile of the Community demographic profile of the Community Health Worker-respondents and the Health Worker-respondents and the assessed extent of perceived helping skills assessed extent of perceived helping skills were also determined in this study.were also determined in this study.

CHAPTER IIICHAPTER IIIRESEARCH RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY AND DESIGNDESIGN

Research Design Research Design The study employs the The study employs the

descriptive survey method of descriptive survey method of research.research.

Respondents of the Study and Respondents of the Study and Sampling DesignSampling Design

The study utilized the purposive The study utilized the purposive sampling method where thirty (30) sampling method where thirty (30) Community Health Workers Community Health Workers specifically Public Health Nurse, specifically Public Health Nurse, Midwives and Barangay Health Midwives and Barangay Health Workers assigned at Selected Workers assigned at Selected Barangay of San Pascual, Batangas Barangay of San Pascual, Batangas specifically Barangay Poblacion, specifically Barangay Poblacion, Barangay San Antonio, and Barangay San Antonio, and Barangay Banaba were the Barangay Banaba were the respondents of the study.respondents of the study.

On the other hand, the seventy (70) On the other hand, the seventy (70) community members from selected community members from selected Barangays of San Pascual Batangas Barangays of San Pascual Batangas who assessed the helping skills of who assessed the helping skills of Community health workers were Community health workers were randomly chosen. These community randomly chosen. These community members were the ones present members were the ones present and who were readily available by and who were readily available by the time the researchers visited the the time the researchers visited the Barangay health centers.Barangay health centers.

Setting of the StudySetting of the StudyThe researchers chose the The researchers chose the Municipality of San Pascual, Municipality of San Pascual, Batangas as the setting of the Batangas as the setting of the study, specifically study, specifically Barangay Barangay Poblacion, Barangay San Antonio, Poblacion, Barangay San Antonio, and Barangay Banaba.and Barangay Banaba.

Research InstrumentResearch InstrumentUpon review and approval of the title, the researcher Upon review and approval of the title, the researcher sought for more volumes of related literature and sought for more volumes of related literature and studies to gain enough understanding of the topic. Then studies to gain enough understanding of the topic. Then the researchers pursued conducting the study after the the researchers pursued conducting the study after the approval of panelists on pre oral defense. Several approval of panelists on pre oral defense. Several literatures and studies were consulted and authorities literatures and studies were consulted and authorities were asked for help in developing the research were asked for help in developing the research instruments.instruments.There are two types of instruments that were used in There are two types of instruments that were used in the study. One questionnaire is for the Community the study. One questionnaire is for the Community health workers to answer and the other is for the health workers to answer and the other is for the community members. The instrument for community community members. The instrument for community members was written in vernacular language for better members was written in vernacular language for better understanding of the indicators. understanding of the indicators. The research instruments were divided into two parts. The research instruments were divided into two parts. The first part includes a checklist about the The first part includes a checklist about the demographic profile of the respondents. The second demographic profile of the respondents. The second part of the instrument is an assessment checklist about part of the instrument is an assessment checklist about the extent of perceived helping skills of Community the extent of perceived helping skills of Community Health Workers in the delivery of public health services.Health Workers in the delivery of public health services.

The assessment of helping skills were The assessment of helping skills were rated using the scale below with scale rated using the scale below with scale range and verbal interpretation:range and verbal interpretation:

RatingRating Scale RangeScale Range Verbal InterpretationVerbal Interpretation55 4.5 – 5.04.5 – 5.0 Strongly AgreeStrongly Agree44 3.5 – 4.493.5 – 4.49 AgreeAgree33 2.5 – 3.492.5 – 3.49 Moderately AgreeModerately Agree22 1.5 – 2.491.5 – 2.49 DisagreeDisagree11 1.0 – 1.491.0 – 1.49 Strongly DisagreeStrongly Disagree

Data Collection Data Collection ProcedureProcedure

Upon the completion of the needed instruments, Upon the completion of the needed instruments, the researchers formally conducted the study. It the researchers formally conducted the study. It was secured by personally passing a formal was secured by personally passing a formal letter to the Municipal Mayor of San Pascual letter to the Municipal Mayor of San Pascual and to the respective Barangay Captains of and to the respective Barangay Captains of Barangay Poblacion, Barangay San Antonio, and Barangay Poblacion, Barangay San Antonio, and Barangay BanabaBarangay Banaba, where the respondents were , where the respondents were taken. The researchers personally attended to taken. The researchers personally attended to the distribution of the questionnaires and the the distribution of the questionnaires and the contents were properly explained to the contents were properly explained to the selected respondents in order for them to selected respondents in order for them to answer it with honesty and integrity. Likewise, answer it with honesty and integrity. Likewise, they sought the help of experts for the they sought the help of experts for the interpretation and analysis of the gathered data. interpretation and analysis of the gathered data.

Statistical Treatment of Statistical Treatment of the Data the Data

The formulas presented below were the statistical The formulas presented below were the statistical treatment used in this study.treatment used in this study.

1. 1. PercentagePercentage. The formula which was used to find . The formula which was used to find the percentage was:the percentage was:

PP = f / N x 100 = f / N x 100

2. 2. Frequency Distribution. Frequency Distribution. This was used to This was used to gather data about the profile of the respondents.gather data about the profile of the respondents.

3. 3. Ranking.Ranking. This was used to determine the order This was used to determine the order of decreasing or increasing magnitude of of decreasing or increasing magnitude of variables. In this study, the researchers ranked variables. In this study, the researchers ranked the items in descending order.the items in descending order.

4. 4. Weighted Mean (WM).Weighted Mean (WM). Refers to the overall Refers to the overall average of responses/ perception of the study average of responses/ perception of the study respondents. It is sum of its product (pf) the respondents. It is sum of its product (pf) the frequency of responses and the Likert five-point frequency of responses and the Likert five-point scale. scale. Formula: WM Formula: WM ∑ (5f1+4f2+3f3+2f4+1f5∑ (5f1+4f2+3f3+2f4+1f5 N= f1+f2+f3+f4+f5N= f1+f2+f3+f4+f5Where: E = summarative signWhere: E = summarative signF1-F5= frequency of respondents per unit weightF1-F5= frequency of respondents per unit weightN= total number of respondentsN= total number of respondents

5. 5. Coefficient correlationCoefficient correlation. This was used in the . This was used in the validation of the instrument; in determining the validation of the instrument; in determining the degree of relationship between the profile of the degree of relationship between the profile of the respondents and assessment of their helping respondents and assessment of their helping skills.skills.

6. 6. T-test.T-test. This was used to determine the This was used to determine the significant differences in the assessment of significant differences in the assessment of helping skills of Community health workers helping skills of Community health workers between the two sets of respondents.between the two sets of respondents.

7. 7. ANOVAANOVA. This was used to measure the . This was used to measure the degree of assessment of the respondents to degree of assessment of the respondents to be presented in the multi-variate form.be presented in the multi-variate form.

8. 8. Pearson-r. Pearson-r. This was used in this study to This was used in this study to determine the degree of relationship of determine the degree of relationship of respondent’s demographic profile and respondent’s demographic profile and assessed extent of perceived helping skills of assessed extent of perceived helping skills of Community Health Workers.Community Health Workers.

CHAPTER IVCHAPTER IVPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATADATA

Problem 1.Problem 1. What is the demographic profile What is the demographic profile of the 100 respondents in terms of:of the 100 respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age 1.1 Age Table 1. Age Profile of the RespondentsTable 1. Age Profile of the Respondents

Age (in years)

Community Health Workers

Community Members Total

F % R F % R F % R

25-30 7 23.33% 3 29 41.43% 1 36 36.00% 1

31-35 0 0.00% 4 8 11.43% 4 8 8.00% 4

36-40 12 40.00% 1 15 21.43% 3 27 27.00% 3

41 and above

11 36.67% 2 18 25.71% 2 29 29.00% 2

Total 30 100.00% 70 100.00% 100 100.00%

1.2 Gender1.2 GenderTable 2. Gender Profile of the RespondentsTable 2. Gender Profile of the Respondents

Gender Community Health Workers

Community Members

Total

F % F % F %

Male 2 6.67% 31 44.29% 33 33.00%

Female 28 93.33% 39 55.71% 67 67.00%

Total 30 100.00% 70 100.00% 100 100.00%

1.3 Civil Status1.3 Civil StatusTable 3. Civil Status Profile of the RespondentsTable 3. Civil Status Profile of the Respondents

Civil Status Community Health Workers


F % R F % R F % R

Single 7 23.33% 2 8 11.43% 2 15 15.00% 2

Married 21 70.00% 1 54 77.14% 1 75 75.00% 1

Separated 1 3.33% 3.5 5 7.14% 3 6 6.00% 3

Widow 1 3.33% 3.5 3 4.29% 4 4 4.00% 4

Total 30 100.00% 70 100% 100 100.00%

Educational AttainmentEducational AttainmentTable 4. Educational Attainment Table 4. Educational Attainment Profile of the RespondentsProfile of the Respondents

EducationalAttainment



F % R F % R F % R

Doctoral 0 0.00% 6 0 0.00% 5.5 0 0.00% 6

Masteral 1 3.33% 4.5 0 0.00% 5.5 1 1.00% 5

Collegiate 17 56.67% 1 21 30.00% 2 38 38.00% 1

Vocational 7 23.33% 2 5 7.14% 4 12 12.00% 4

High School 4 13.33% 3 27 38.57% 1 31 31.00% 2

Elementary 1 3.33% 4.5 17 24.29% 3 18 18.00% 3

Total 30 100.00% 70 100.00% 100 100.00%

Table 5. Family Monthly Table 5. Family Monthly Income Profile of the Income Profile of the

RespondentsRespondentsFamily Monthly

Income(in thousands

pesos)



F % R F % R F % R

5 to 10 10 33.33% 1.5 48 68.57% 1 58 58.00% 1

11 to 15 10 33.33% 1.5 12 17.14% 2 22 22.00% 2

16 to 20 5 16.67% 3.5 5 7.14% 3.5 10 10.00% 3.5

21 and above 5 16.67% 3.5 5 7.14% 3.5 10 10.00% 3.5

total 30 100.00% 70 100.00% 100 100.00%

Table 6. Extent of Perceived Table 6. Extent of Perceived Helping Skills of Community Helping Skills of Community Health Workers in terms of Health Workers in terms of

AttendingAttendingAttending Community Health Workers


WM VI R WM VI R WM VI R

1. Actively listens to client’s health needs and problems, paying full attention to both his/her verbal and non-verbal message.

4.93 SA 1 4.26 A 1 4.46 A 1

2. Always maintain a good eye contact when talking with client.

4.87 SA 2 4.06 A 3.5 4.30 A 3

3. Tries to be relatively relaxed when conversing with client by taking time in responding, allowing pauses as needed, and using gestures that are natural.

4.63 SA 4 4.20 A 2 4.33 A 2

4. Adopt an open posture when talking with client, one in which neither arms or nor legs are crossed.

4.20 A 5 3.00 MA 5 3.36 MA 5

5. Lean towards the client when he/she wants to say or hear something.

4.67 SA 3 4.06 A 3.5 4.24 A 4

Composite Mean 4.66 SA 3.92 A 4.14 A

2.2 Responding;2.2 Responding;Table 7. Perceived Helping Skills of Table 7. Perceived Helping Skills of

Community Health Workers in terms of Community Health Workers in terms of RespondingResponding

Responding Community Health Workers

Community Members

Total


1. Assists client in exploring his/her thoughts and feelings associated with his/her problems.

4.77 SA 2 4.36 A 1 4.48 SA 1

2. Accurately identify a feeling word that is interchangeable with the client’s experience of the situation.

4.40 A 4 4.00 A 4 4.12 A 4

3. Provides a clear communication of both the content and feelings expressed by clients.

4.80 SA 1 4.19 A 3 4.37 A 3

4. Repeats the client’s ideas for emphasis and reflects the client’s message in a naturally worded style.

4.27 A 5 3.81 A 5 3.95 A 5

5. Conveys caring about what the client is saying and honestly reacts to client’s expressions.

4.67 SA 3 4.26 A 2 4.38 A 2


2.3 Personalizing2.3 PersonalizingTable 8. Perceived Helping Skills of Table 8. Perceived Helping Skills of

Community Health Workers in terms Community Health Workers in terms of Personalizingof Personalizing

Personalizing Community Health Workers

Community Members

Total


1. Summarizes what the client shared concerning his/her situation.

4.77 SA 1 4.09 A 2 4.29 A 1

1. Helps clients understand his/her real situation, even sharing own experiences related to his/her problem.

4.30 A 5 4.14 A 1 4.19 A 2

1. Plans programs taking in consideration client’s capabilities.

4.47 A 4 3.93 A 5 4.09 A 5

1. Explains thoroughly to client that sometimes he/she needs to learn to take risks in solving his/her problems.

4.57 SA 2 4.01 A 3 4.18 A 3

1. Reinforces success to client and help him/her recognize failures realistically.

4.53 SA 3 3.94 A 4 4.12 A 4


2.4 Initiating2.4 InitiatingTable 9. Perceived Helping Skills of Table 9. Perceived Helping Skills of

Community Health Workers in terms of Community Health Workers in terms of InitiatingInitiating

Initiating Community Health Workers

Community Members

Total


1. Motivates client to take action to achieve the planned goal.

4.87 SA 24.20

A 1 4.40 A 1

1. Always end the conversation with a statement of encouragement or confidence and an invitation to talk again.

4.90 SA 1

4.03

A 3 4.29 A 3

1. Guides clients in every step they make to attain the desired goal.

4.73 SA 44.13

A 2 4.31 A 2

1. Takes time to find out if client’s chosen plan worked or had the desired effect.

4.67 SA 5

3.89

A 5 4.12 A 5

1. Makes it a point to meet client again to make a new or alternative plan of action if necessary.

4.83 SA 3

4.00

A 4 4.25 A 4


Table 10. Summary Table of the Comparison of Means Table 10. Summary Table of the Comparison of Means on the extent of perceived helping skills of Community on the extent of perceived helping skills of Community health Workers in the delivery of public health service health Workers in the delivery of public health service

as assessed by community health workers and members as assessed by community health workers and members of the community using ANOVAof the community using ANOVA

Helping Skills F- value

P-value Significance of P< or =0.05

Decision on Ho

Attending 7.8565 0.0231 Significant Reject Ho

Responding 10.1433 0.0129 Significant Reject Ho

Personalizing 34.2386 0.0004 Significant Reject Ho

Initiating 118.4211 0.000005 Significant Reject Ho

Helping Skills F- value

P-value Significance of P< or =0.05

Decision on Ho

Attending 7.8565 0.0231 Significant Reject Ho

Responding 10.1433 0.0129 Significant Reject Ho

Personalizing 34.2386 0.0004 Significant Reject Ho

Initiating 118.4211

0.000005 Significant Reject Ho

Table 11. The Relationship Between the Table 11. The Relationship Between the Community Health Worker’s Demographic Community Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Age Versus the Assessed Extent of Profile Age Versus the Assessed Extent of

Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Responding, Personalizing and InitiatingResponding, Personalizing and Initiating

Community Health Worker

r Statistics t P value Significance

Age Vs. Attending 0.800 1.890 0.200 not significant

Age Vs. Responding 0.800 1.890 0.200 not significant

Age Vs. Personalizing 0.800 1.890 0.200 not significant

Age Vs. Initiating 1.000 +∞ - Significant

Table 12. The Relationship Between the Table 12. The Relationship Between the Community Health Worker’s Demographic Community Health Worker’s Demographic

Profile Gender Versus the Assessed Extent of Profile Gender Versus the Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Perceived Helping Skills Attending,

Responding, Personalizing and InitiatingResponding, Personalizing and InitiatingCommunity Health Worker


Gender Vs. Attending 1.000 +∞ - Significant

Gender Vs. Responding 1.000 +∞ - Significant

Gender Vs. Personalizing 1.000 +∞ - Significant

Gender Vs. Initiating 1.000 +∞ - Significant

Table 13. The Relationship Between the Community Table 13. The Relationship Between the Community Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Civil Status Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Civil Status

Versus the Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Versus the Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Responding, Personalizing and InitiatingAttending, Responding, Personalizing and Initiating

Community Health Worker


Civil Status Vs. Attending -0.780 -1.750 0.222 not significant

Civil Status Vs. Responding -0.630 -1.150 0.368 not significant

Civil Status Vs. Personalizing -1.000 -∞ - Significant

Civil Status Vs. Initiating -1.000 -∞ - Significant

Table 14. The Relationship Between the Community Table 14. The Relationship Between the Community Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Educational Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Educational

Attainment Versus the Assessed Extent of Perceived Attainment Versus the Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Responding, Personalizing Helping Skills Attending, Responding, Personalizing

and Initiatingand InitiatingCommunity Health Worker


Educational Attainment Vs. Attending 0.320 0.670 0.538 not significant

Educational Attainment Vs. Responding 0.350 0.750 0.493 not significant

Educational Attainment Vs. Personalizing 0.380 0.810 .0.462 not significant

Educational Attainment Vs. Initiating 0.930 4.970 0.008 Significant

Table 15. The Relationship Between the Table 15. The Relationship Between the Community Health Worker’s Demographic Community Health Worker’s Demographic Profile Family Monthly Income Versus the Profile Family Monthly Income Versus the

Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills Attending, Responding, Personalizing and Attending, Responding, Personalizing and

InitiatingInitiatingCommunity Health Worker


Family Monthly Income Vs. Attending 0.890 2.890 0.106 not significant

Family Monthly Income Vs. Responding 0.710 1.410 0.293 not significant

Family Monthly Income Vs. Personalizing 0.000 - 1.000

cannot be tested, (SD=0)

Family Monthly Income Vs. Initiating 0.710 1.410 0.293 not significant

CHAPTER VCHAPTER VSUMMARY, FINDINGS, SUMMARY, FINDINGS,

CONCLUSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of FindingsSummary of FindingsThe study is confined to the “Perceived The study is confined to the “Perceived Helping Skills of Community Health Helping Skills of Community Health Workers in Selected Barangays of San Workers in Selected Barangays of San Pascual, Batangas Towards Enhancament Pascual, Batangas Towards Enhancament of Community Health Services”. The of Community Health Services”. The important and essential findings of the important and essential findings of the study were as follows:study were as follows:The study is conducted with the end view The study is conducted with the end view of determining the extent of perceived of determining the extent of perceived helping skills of community health helping skills of community health workers in selected Barangays of San workers in selected Barangays of San Pascual Batangas.Pascual Batangas.

The study utilized 30 community health The study utilized 30 community health workers and 70 community members of workers and 70 community members of San Pascual, Batangas. The descriptive San Pascual, Batangas. The descriptive normative survey method of research normative survey method of research was used because the study focused on was used because the study focused on the assessments of the respondents. the assessments of the respondents. The questionnaire was the instrument The questionnaire was the instrument used in gathering needed data and used in gathering needed data and information which were analyzed and information which were analyzed and interpreted through the use of interpreted through the use of statistical treatments. statistical treatments.

Findings:Findings:1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents1.1 Age1.1 Age

For the community health worker-respondents, For the community health worker-respondents, age group 36 – 40 got the highest frequency, age group 36 – 40 got the highest frequency, while age group 25 – 30 got the least frequency.while age group 25 – 30 got the least frequency.For the community member-respondents, 25 – 30 For the community member-respondents, 25 – 30 years old obtained the highest frequency whereas years old obtained the highest frequency whereas the age range of 31 – 35 made the least the age range of 31 – 35 made the least frequency.frequency.In totality, age range of 25 – 30 obtained the In totality, age range of 25 – 30 obtained the highest frequency of 36, while 31 – 35 years old highest frequency of 36, while 31 – 35 years old yielded the least frequency of 8.yielded the least frequency of 8.

1. 2 Gender1. 2 GenderMajority were females for both community health Majority were females for both community health

workers and community member- respondents.workers and community member- respondents.

1.3 1.3 Civil Status Civil Status Married got the highest frequencies for both Married got the highest frequencies for both group of respondents, meanwhile single and group of respondents, meanwhile single and widow with equal frequencies made the least widow with equal frequencies made the least for community health worker- respondents for community health worker- respondents and in community member- respondents it is and in community member- respondents it is the widow that obtained the least frequency.the widow that obtained the least frequency.

1.4 Educational Attainment1.4 Educational Attainment Majority of community health worker- Majority of community health worker- respondents were college graduates while in respondents were college graduates while in community member- respondents most of community member- respondents most of them were high school graduates.them were high school graduates.In totality, college graduates respondents In totality, college graduates respondents made the highest frequency while masteral made the highest frequency while masteral graduate obtained the least frequency of 1.graduate obtained the least frequency of 1.

1.5 Family Monthly Income1.5 Family Monthly IncomeIn community health worker- respondents the In community health worker- respondents the family monthly income of 5 to 10 thousand family monthly income of 5 to 10 thousand and 11 to 15 thousand pesos both obtained and 11 to 15 thousand pesos both obtained the highest frequencies while the family the highest frequencies while the family monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above both made the thousand pesos and above both made the least frequencies.least frequencies.Most of the community member- respondents Most of the community member- respondents have a family monthly income of 5 to 10 have a family monthly income of 5 to 10 thousand and some of them have 16 to 20 thousand and some of them have 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.Summing it up, the family monthly income of Summing it up, the family monthly income of both groups of respondent mostly ranges both groups of respondent mostly ranges from 5 to 10 thousand pesos only, while 10 from 5 to 10 thousand pesos only, while 10 out of 100 respondents have a family monthly out of 100 respondents have a family monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.pesos and above.

2. Family Monthly Income2. Family Monthly IncomeIn community health worker- respondents In community health worker- respondents the family monthly income of 5 to 10 the family monthly income of 5 to 10 thousand and 11 to 15 thousand pesos both thousand and 11 to 15 thousand pesos both obtained the highest frequencies while the obtained the highest frequencies while the family monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand family monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above both made and 21 thousand pesos and above both made the least frequencies.the least frequencies.Most of the community member- respondents Most of the community member- respondents have a family monthly income of 5 to 10 have a family monthly income of 5 to 10 thousand and some of them have 16 to 20 thousand and some of them have 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.Summing it up, the family monthly income of Summing it up, the family monthly income of both groups of respondent mostly ranges both groups of respondent mostly ranges from 5 to 10 thousand pesos only, while 10 from 5 to 10 thousand pesos only, while 10 out of 100 respondents have a family out of 100 respondents have a family monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 monthly income of 16 to 20 thousand and 21 thousand pesos and above.thousand pesos and above.

2. The Extent of Perceived Helping 2. The Extent of Perceived Helping Skills of Community Health Workers in Skills of Community Health Workers in the Delivery of Public Health Services in the Delivery of Public Health Services in San Pascual, Batangas in Relation to San Pascual, Batangas in Relation to Four (4) Basic Concepts.Four (4) Basic Concepts.

2.1 Attending2.1 AttendingFor both the community health workers and For both the community health workers and community member- respondents the community member- respondents the indicator “Actively listens to client’s health indicator “Actively listens to client’s health needs and problems, paying full attention to needs and problems, paying full attention to both his/her verbal and non-verbal message.” both his/her verbal and non-verbal message.” gained the highest weighted mean and gained the highest weighted mean and assessed as "Agree" while the indicator assessed as "Agree" while the indicator “Adopt an open posture when talking with “Adopt an open posture when talking with client, one in which neither arms or nor legs client, one in which neither arms or nor legs are crossed.” made the least weighted mean are crossed.” made the least weighted mean and assessed as " Moderately Agree".and assessed as " Moderately Agree".

2.2 Responding2.2 Responding

Out of five indicators, “Provides a clear Out of five indicators, “Provides a clear communication of both the content and communication of both the content and feelings expressed by clients.” obtained the feelings expressed by clients.” obtained the highest weighted mean interpreted as highest weighted mean interpreted as "Strongly Agree" while the indicator “Repeats "Strongly Agree" while the indicator “Repeats the client’s ideas for emphasis.” got the least the client’s ideas for emphasis.” got the least weighted mean on community health worker- weighted mean on community health worker- respondents interpreted as "Agree".respondents interpreted as "Agree".For the community member- respondents, the For the community member- respondents, the indicator "Assists client in exploring his/her indicator "Assists client in exploring his/her thoughts and feelings associated with his/her thoughts and feelings associated with his/her problems."problems." yielded the highest weighted yielded the highest weighted mean described as "Strongly Agree" while mean described as "Strongly Agree" while “Repeats the client’s ideas for emphasis and “Repeats the client’s ideas for emphasis and reflects the client’s message in a naturally reflects the client’s message in a naturally worded style.” got the least weighted mean worded style.” got the least weighted mean interpreted as “Agree”.interpreted as “Agree”.

In totality, the indicator "Assists client In totality, the indicator "Assists client in exploring his/her thoughts and in exploring his/her thoughts and feelings associated with his/her feelings associated with his/her problems."problems." yielded the highest yielded the highest weighted mean described as "Strongly weighted mean described as "Strongly Agree" while “Repeats the client’s Agree" while “Repeats the client’s ideas for emphasis and reflects the ideas for emphasis and reflects the client’s message in a naturally worded client’s message in a naturally worded style.” got the least weighted mean style.” got the least weighted mean interpreted as “Agree”.interpreted as “Agree”.

2.3 Personalizing2.3 PersonalizingAccording to the community health worker- According to the community health worker- respondents, in the indicator “Assists client in respondents, in the indicator “Assists client in exploring his/her thoughts and feelings exploring his/her thoughts and feelings associated with his/her problems.” made the associated with his/her problems.” made the highest weighted mean interpreted as highest weighted mean interpreted as “Strongly Agree” while the indicator “Helps “Strongly Agree” while the indicator “Helps clients understand his/her real situation, even clients understand his/her real situation, even sharing own experiences related to his/her sharing own experiences related to his/her problem.” made the least weighted mean with problem.” made the least weighted mean with verbal interpretation of “Agree”.verbal interpretation of “Agree”.

According to the community member- According to the community member- respondents, the indicator “Helps clients respondents, the indicator “Helps clients understand his/her real situation, even sharing understand his/her real situation, even sharing own experiences related to his/her problem.” own experiences related to his/her problem.” yielded the highest weighted mean while the yielded the highest weighted mean while the indicator “Plans programs taking in indicator “Plans programs taking in consideration client’s capabilities.” made the consideration client’s capabilities.” made the least weighted mean. Both indicators were least weighted mean. Both indicators were described as "Agree".described as "Agree".

Wrapping up the result, the indicator Wrapping up the result, the indicator “Summarizes what the client shared “Summarizes what the client shared concerning his/her situation.” got the concerning his/her situation.” got the highest weighted mean while the highest weighted mean while the indicator “Plans programs taking in indicator “Plans programs taking in consideration client’s capabilities.” consideration client’s capabilities.” made the least weighted mean. Both the made the least weighted mean. Both the indicators were interpreted as “Agree”.indicators were interpreted as “Agree”.

2.4 Initiating2.4 InitiatingFor the community health worker- respondents, For the community health worker- respondents, the indicator “Always end the conversation with the indicator “Always end the conversation with a statement of encouragement or confidence a statement of encouragement or confidence and an invitation to talk again.” gained the and an invitation to talk again.” gained the highest weighted mean while “Takes time to highest weighted mean while “Takes time to find out if client’s chosen plan worked or had find out if client’s chosen plan worked or had the desired effect.” made the least weighted the desired effect.” made the least weighted mean. All the indicators obtained a verbal mean. All the indicators obtained a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”.interpretation of “Strongly Agree”.For the community member- respondents, the For the community member- respondents, the indicator “Motivates client to take action to indicator “Motivates client to take action to achieve the planned goal.” obtained the highest achieve the planned goal.” obtained the highest weighted mean while “Takes time to find out if weighted mean while “Takes time to find out if client’s chosen plan worked or had the desired client’s chosen plan worked or had the desired effect.” made the least weighted mean. All the effect.” made the least weighted mean. All the indicators obtained a verbal interpretation of indicators obtained a verbal interpretation of “Agree”.“Agree”.

Deducing the result, the indicator Deducing the result, the indicator “Motivates client to take action to “Motivates client to take action to achieve the planned goal.” made a achieve the planned goal.” made a highest weighted mean while the highest weighted mean while the indicator “Takes time to find out if indicator “Takes time to find out if client’s chosen plan worked or had the client’s chosen plan worked or had the desired effect.” had the least weighted. desired effect.” had the least weighted. Both were interpreted as “Agree”.Both were interpreted as “Agree”.

3. Test of Significant Difference in the Extent of 3. Test of Significant Difference in the Extent of Perceived Helping Skills of Community Health Perceived Helping Skills of Community Health Workers in the Delivery of Public Health Service Workers in the Delivery of Public Health Service as Assessed by Community Health Workers and as Assessed by Community Health Workers and Members of the CommunityMembers of the CommunityIn comparing the extent of perceived helping skills of In comparing the extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers in the delivery of health community health workers in the delivery of health services with regards to attending, responding, services with regards to attending, responding, personalizing and initiating the computed F-value of personalizing and initiating the computed F-value of 7.8565, 10.1433, 34.2386, and 118.4211 gave a p-7.8565, 10.1433, 34.2386, and 118.4211 gave a p-value of 0.0231, 0.0129, 0.0004 and 0.000005 value of 0.0231, 0.0129, 0.0004 and 0.000005 respectively. These computed p-values is less than respectively. These computed p-values is less than the arbitrarily assigned p-value which is 0.05, hence the arbitrarily assigned p-value which is 0.05, hence there are significant differences on extent of there are significant differences on extent of perceived helping skills of Community health perceived helping skills of Community health Workers in the delivery of public health service as Workers in the delivery of public health service as assessed by community health workers and members assessed by community health workers and members of the community in relation to attending, of the community in relation to attending, responding, personalizing and initiating. Thus, the H0 responding, personalizing and initiating. Thus, the H0 is rejected.is rejected.

4. Relationship between the Demographic 4. Relationship between the Demographic Profile of the Community Health Worker-Profile of the Community Health Worker-respondents and the Assessed Extent of respondents and the Assessed Extent of Perceived Helping Skills in the Delivery of Perceived Helping Skills in the Delivery of Public Health Service.Public Health Service.In determining the relationship between the age In determining the relationship between the age and the helping skills, it was revealed that age and the helping skills, it was revealed that age and helping skill initiating with the calculated and helping skill initiating with the calculated Pearson-r value of 1.00 indicates that there is Pearson-r value of 1.00 indicates that there is significant relationship between the two variables.significant relationship between the two variables.In determining the relationship between the In determining the relationship between the gender and the helping skills, on the part of the gender and the helping skills, on the part of the community health workers, attending, responding, community health workers, attending, responding, personalizing and initiating all gamered a personalizing and initiating all gamered a computed r value of 1.00 which indicates that computed r value of 1.00 which indicates that there are significant positive findings, thus the there are significant positive findings, thus the null hypothesis is rejected, and there is significant null hypothesis is rejected, and there is significant relationship between the gender and the helping relationship between the gender and the helping skills.skills.

In determining the relationship between In determining the relationship between the civil status and the helping skills, on the civil status and the helping skills, on the part of personalizing and initiating, the part of personalizing and initiating, it earned a computed r value of -1.000 it earned a computed r value of -1.000 which indicates that there is significant which indicates that there is significant negative linear relationship between the negative linear relationship between the civil status and personalizing and civil status and personalizing and initiating as helping skills of community initiating as helping skills of community health workers, thus the null hypothesis health workers, thus the null hypothesis is rejected, there is significant is rejected, there is significant relationship between the civil status and relationship between the civil status and personalizing and initiating as helping personalizing and initiating as helping skills of community health workers. skills of community health workers.

In terms of the relationship between the In terms of the relationship between the educational attainment and the helping skills, educational attainment and the helping skills, it was found out on the part of initiating which it was found out on the part of initiating which earned a computed r value of 0.930 and earned a computed r value of 0.930 and yielded a corresponding t value of 4.970 and a yielded a corresponding t value of 4.970 and a p-value of 0.008 that there is significant p-value of 0.008 that there is significant positive relationship. Thus the null hypothesis positive relationship. Thus the null hypothesis is rejected, and there is significant is rejected, and there is significant relationship between the educational relationship between the educational attainment and initiating as a helping skill.attainment and initiating as a helping skill.In terms of the relationship between the In terms of the relationship between the family monthly income and the helping skills, family monthly income and the helping skills, it was revealed that the hypothesis is it was revealed that the hypothesis is rejected, there is no significant relationship rejected, there is no significant relationship between the family monthly income and between the family monthly income and attending, responding and initiating as attending, responding and initiating as helping skills of the community health helping skills of the community health workers. workers.

ConclusionConclusionMajority of the respondents were adult, Majority of the respondents were adult, female, married, college graduates and female, married, college graduates and have a family monthly income that have a family monthly income that ranges from 5 to 10 thousand pesos.ranges from 5 to 10 thousand pesos.The one hundred respondents from The one hundred respondents from community health workers and community health workers and community members agreed that the community members agreed that the community health workers exercise the community health workers exercise the four basic helping skills which are four basic helping skills which are attending, responding, personalizing and attending, responding, personalizing and initiating in the delivery of public health initiating in the delivery of public health services in San Pascual, Batangas.services in San Pascual, Batangas.

The assessment of the community The assessment of the community health workers and community member- health workers and community member- respondents on the extent of perceived respondents on the extent of perceived helping skills of community health helping skills of community health workers in the delivery of public health workers in the delivery of public health service have significant differences in service have significant differences in relation to attending, responding, relation to attending, responding, personalizing and initiating.personalizing and initiating.The demographic profile age has a The demographic profile age has a significant relationship to the assessed significant relationship to the assessed extent of perceived helping skills of extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers only in terms community health workers only in terms of initiating.of initiating.

The demographic profile gender has a The demographic profile gender has a significant relationship to the assessed significant relationship to the assessed extent of perceived helping skills of extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers in terms of community health workers in terms of attending, responding, personalizing attending, responding, personalizing and initiating.and initiating.The demographic profile civil status has The demographic profile civil status has a significant relationship to the a significant relationship to the assessed extent of perceived helping assessed extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers only skills of community health workers only in terms of personalizing and initiating.in terms of personalizing and initiating.

The demographic profile educational The demographic profile educational attainment has a significant relationship attainment has a significant relationship to the assessed extent of perceived to the assessed extent of perceived helping skills of community health helping skills of community health workers only in terms of initiating.workers only in terms of initiating.The demographic profile family monthly The demographic profile family monthly income has no significant relationship to income has no significant relationship to the assessed extent of perceived helping the assessed extent of perceived helping skills of community health workers in skills of community health workers in terms of attending, responding, terms of attending, responding, personalizing and initiating.personalizing and initiating.

RecommendationsRecommendationsThe Community Health WorkersThe Community Health Workers

1.1. Strengthen the health worker- client Strengthen the health worker- client relationship through the use of therapeutic relationship through the use of therapeutic communication techniques.communication techniques.

2.2. Pursue further professional advancements in Pursue further professional advancements in their field by going for continuing education, their field by going for continuing education, trainings and attending seminars and trainings and attending seminars and workshops regarding public health to be workshops regarding public health to be more effective in promoting the health of more effective in promoting the health of clients.clients.

3.3. Heighten their awareness on the importance Heighten their awareness on the importance of helping skills to be more effective and of helping skills to be more effective and efficient in handling health concerns of their efficient in handling health concerns of their client and in order to assist clients to change client and in order to assist clients to change health-related behaviours towards health-related behaviours towards promotion of health.promotion of health.

B. The Community MembersB. The Community Members1.1. Foster better relationship with Foster better relationship with

the health care providers by the health care providers by offering stronger participation offering stronger participation to the programs of the to the programs of the Municipal Health Centers.Municipal Health Centers.

2.2. Bestow open communication to Bestow open communication to make a better assessment of make a better assessment of their needs and health their needs and health problems.problems.

C. The Local Government UnitsC. The Local Government Units1.1. Stronger commitment in maintaining the Stronger commitment in maintaining the

health and wellness of their constituency.health and wellness of their constituency.2.2. Request and allocate bigger budget Request and allocate bigger budget

allocations to public health.allocations to public health.3.3. Strengthen partnerships with various Strengthen partnerships with various

stakeholders like the Department of Health, stakeholders like the Department of Health, Non- Government Offices and other private Non- Government Offices and other private organizations that advocate for public health organizations that advocate for public health thus helping them provide basic health thus helping them provide basic health programs in their constituency.programs in their constituency.

4.4. Provide assistance to their community health Provide assistance to their community health workers to gain higher advancements and workers to gain higher advancements and new learnings in their field by allowing them new learnings in their field by allowing them to attend trainings and seminars to be able to to attend trainings and seminars to be able to ____ with the dynamically changing society ____ with the dynamically changing society and to be more competitive in providing and to be more competitive in providing public health services. public health services.

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proper helping skills

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effects of skills

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