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TRANSCRIPT
1. Genetics1. Genetics
The scientific study of heredity.
DNA – double helix.
Chemical pairs.
2. Inheritance2. Inheritance
Traits inherited by offspring from the parents.
What is the probability that a child from these two parents will have Cystic Fibrosis?
25%
3. Heredity3. Heredity
The process by which genes are transmitted between generations.
4. Fertilization4. Fertilization
Joining of male and female reproductive cells.
5. Self-pollinating5. Self-pollinating
Sperm in pollen fertilizes the eggs in the same flower.
6. True-breeding6. True-breeding
When plants self pollinate and produce offspring identical to themselves.
7. What did Gregor Mendel 7. What did Gregor Mendel do with pea seeds? do with pea seeds?
Cross-bred pea plants by joining male and female reproductive parts from two different plants.
1822 - 1884
8. Trait8. Trait
Specific characteristics of an organism. Flower color, height, etc.
9. P9. P
Parental generation
The original pair of plants
10. F110. F1
First filial generation
Offspring
11. Filius11. Filius
12. Filia12. Filia
13. Hybrid13. Hybrid
Offspring from the crossbreeding of parents with different traits.
X
=
14. Gene14. Gene
Chemical factors that determine traits.
15. Allele15. Allele
Different forms of a gene for a certain trait.Different forms of a gene for a certain trait.
16. What was Mendel’s first conclusion 16. What was Mendel’s first conclusion from his pea breeding from his pea breeding
experiments?experiments?
Biological inheritance is determined by factors (genes) that are passed from one generation to the next.
17. What was Mendel’s second conclusion?17. What was Mendel’s second conclusion?
Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive.
18. Dominant18. Dominant
Trait that will show up in the offspring.
19. Recessive19. Recessive
Trait that will show up in the offspring only if the dominant allele is not present.
20. Gametes20. Gametes
Sex cells
Sperm
Egg
21. Probability21. ProbabilityHow likely something is to happen.
If your flip a penny 10 times how many heads and how many tails would you get?
5 heads and 5 tails.
What is the probability of get heads?
50%
22. Punnett Square22. Punnett Square
A diagram that can be used to show the different gene combinations from two parents.
23. Homozygous23. Homozygous
Two identical alleles for a Two identical alleles for a particular trait.particular trait.
24. Heterozygous24. Heterozygous
Two different alleles for a Two different alleles for a particular trait.particular trait.
25. Phenotype25. Phenotype
Physical characteristics.The way an organism looks.
26. Genotype26. Genotype
The actual genes an organism has.
27. Incomplete Dominance27. Incomplete Dominance
Where an allele in a pair is not completely dominant over the other.
28. Codominance28. Codominance
Both alleles contribute to the phenotype or to the way the organism looks.
PUNNETT SQUARE
Genes: T = Tall (dominant) t = Short (recessive)
Alleles – both genes are for height.
Male (Tt) X Female (Tt)
TT Tt
Tt
T
T t
t tt
Genotype = Tt
Phenotype = Tall
3 Tall (75%)
1 Short (25%)
PetuniasR = Red (dominant)
W = White (recessive)RW (male) X RW (female)
R
W
R W
RR RW
RW WW
3 Red (75%)
1 White (25%)
#29
Incomplete Dominance
R = RedW = White RR X WW
R
WW
R
RW
RW RW
RW
4 Pink (100%)
#30
Codominance
R = RedW = White RR X WW
R
WW
R
RW
RW RW
RW
4 Red and White (100%)
#31