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TRANSCRIPT
ICoICT, 28/5/2014
Introduction - What is IoT
Sensors and Trend of Sensing › Sensors
› WSN – energy efficiency
IoT Communications
IoT Computing prototypes › iLukBa
› HajjLocator
› NFC-Smart Poster
› HajjLocator
› 3D: Visualisation and Navigation
Summary
Introduction - What is IoT?
What Could We Do with the Internet?
Information Gathering
Online Shopping (Activity)
Get In Touch With People (Social Networking)
Google, Ask, Bing, etc.
Amazon, Lazada, Bhineka, etc.
Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, etc.
How Internet Evolved?
PERERA et al. : CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING FOR THE INTERNET OF THING
Internet Today
• Those using their mobiles to connect to the internet have grown in number from 55% in late 2011 to 65% by the end of 2013.
• During the same period, going online via a tablet grew at an even faster rate – from just 12% up to 29%.
https://www.globalwebindex.net/
• Indonesia has around 236.8k mobile phone users with population 237,556,363 so the penetration is about 99.68% (on September 2013) – “CIA – The world Factbook”, 14 January 2014.
Internet Today (Cont)
Kinesis Survey Technologies, J. Cazes, L. Townsend, H. Rios, J. Ehler-James, 2010
Internet of Things (IoT)
http://www.agtinternational.com/technology/internet-of-things/
• Everything value will be on the network in one form or another
• All objects will be interacting and communicating with each other
IoT in Context-Awareness Perspective
• Identify (Who)
• Activity (What)
• Response (Environment)
• Location (Where)
Our Research Focus on IoT Area
Our Goal … Our goal is:
to make user interacting with “the things” easier in the smart environment where “the things”: • spread throughout (pervasive), • are everywhere at the same time (ubiquitous), and • Are embedded (ambient) in the environment.
The UI needs not to be difficult, tedious or need hard learning to the user.
It should potentially be: • safe, • easy, • simple, and • enable new functionality without need to learn a new technology.
It provides relevant information and a simple way for a user to deal with it.
Internet of Things (IoT): Environment
Home
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/10542550/Everything-connected-the-smart-home-in-2014.html
Office
http://www.smartofficefurniture.ca/
Parking
http://green.autoblog.com/2009/03/20/smart-fortwos-get-half-price-parking-in-350-new-york-parking-gar/
Internet of Things (Iot): Environment
School
http://www.tabletsforschools.org.uk/samsung-smart-school/samsung-smart-school-8/
Store
http://upshotsites.com/mlsfixturesandequipment/services.html
City
http://people4smartercities.com/image/iskandar-smart-city
http://www.smartsantander.eu/
Smart Santander, Spain. The world’s most advanced smart city
Key Functions • Validation of approaches to the architectural model of the IoT. • Evaluation of the key building blocks of the IoT architecture, in
particular, IoT interaction & management protocols and mechanisms; device technologies; and key support services such as discovery, identity management and security.
• Evaluation of social acceptance of IoT technologies and services.
• 12000 sensors installed in the city, including in the ground.
• Inform to public: temperature, humidity, level of pollution, noise, light, traffic, road work, bus schedule, etc.
Internet of Things (IoT): Applications
J.Gubbietal./FutureGenerationComputerSystems29 (2013) 1645–1660
NFC School System
http://i.bnet.com/blogs/scholarchip-nfc-support-for-mobile-check-ins.jpg
M.A Ayu, “TouchIn: An NFC Supported Attendance System in a University Environment “, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2014
• Attendance Manipulation Tracking
• Automation (Simplify Process)
• Time Efficiency
NFC Payment System
T. Mantoro et al., “NFC Secured Online Transaction in Mobile Computing Business “, International Journal Of Computers And Communications, 4 (6), 2012
• Guarantee Privacy and Security
• Automation (Simplify Process)
Elderly Monitoring
http://www.ashvillesmarthomes.com/blog/home-automation-helps-elderly-disabled/
J.V Lee, Y.D Chuah, and K.T.H Chiengm “Smart Elderly Home Monitoring System with an Android Phone“, International Journal of Smart Home Vol. 7, No. 3, May, 2013
• Prevent accident
• Help the older person to stay in their home
• Tracking elderly Fall
Smart Parking
N Kim, C Jing, B. Zhou and Y Kim “Smart Parking Information System Exploiting Visible Light Communication“, International Journal of Smart HomeVol.8, No.1 (2014), pp.251-260
• Getting the Real-time Parking Information
• Finding Parking Space
Smart Parking
• System guide the car for parking
• Sending car information to server
• Car information can be used for payment purpose
• System can guide the car to the nearest parking space
• Tracking current car position
Sensors and Trend of Sensing in IoT
Type of Sensors
• Three types of sensors: • Precise Location (Fixed sensor) • Proximate Location (Proximate sensor) • Predicted Location (History Location)
Not all sensors/devices can be represented as a user identity in a smart environment (home/office). The requirements for a sensor/device to be a user/device are:
• used as a personal and privacy device • have capability to connect to the network with certain MAC address.
For example: mobile phone, PDA and tablet with a Bluetooth and/or WiFi enabled device.
In case a user has more than one devices, then the latest sensor data that store in the repository will be used as a current state.
Sensor Identity
Family Member Identification
• Detecting the family member in smarthome
• Turning off the potentialy “Dangerous” object
• Obtaining family member’s location
Y.C Yu, “Smart Door: A Ubiquitous Collaboration System for Home Activities in the Smart Home “, Journal of Information Science and Engineering 29, 1227-1248 (2013)
• Reminding the family member’s schedule
Family Member Identification Context Relation
Security
Location Activity
Family Member Identification
CASE SMARTHOME ACTION GOAL
Family member wants to enter the home
The door will be automatically unlocked
Automation
All family members are outside
Turning off the potentialy dangerous object
Security
Family member forget a meeting schedule
Reminding the family member to leave the home
Activity
Family member is nearing home
Open the fence Location
Generalisation of the Sensor Data Format
sensor-id user-id location-id time sensor-state
Sensor data format:
Every sensor object has its own sensor identity and user identity
sensor-id user-id descriptions sensor-type
EA003 U4011906 Sensor embedded in Joe’s Chair Fixed/Precise
EA100 U4011906 Joe’s PDA Proximate
EA099 U4011906 Joe’s Mobile phone Proximate Sensor Data and the Interpretations
sensor-id user-id loc-id time state interpretation
EA004 U0000000 E231 1090974717 1 The door in room E231 is open and has been since 6:23:31 25/08/07. That was 5
minutes ago
EA003 U4011906 E231 1090974717 1 Somebody sitting in Joe’s Chair in room E231 and has been since 6:23:31
25/08/07. That was 3 minutes ago
EA99 U4011906 E231 1090974717 1 Joe’s Bluetooth enabled Mobile phone is in his room (E231) and has been since
6:23:31 25/08/07. That was 8 minutes ago
Smart Sensor Processing From Fixed and Proximate Sensor Servers
Fixed and Proximate Location Sensor Servers
Examples of the Environment Response response to phone call
(“U4011906”, “E213”,”EA099”,1090973456,1) from Bluetooth scanner (“U4011906”, “E213”,”EA009”,1090994856,1) from Joe’s phone sensor
Joe and his personal mobile phone came into room E213 and someone took Joe’s phone off the hook. The mobile phone sensor has Joe’s identity, but the phone sensor has no user identity containment.
Resp2phonecall(_,sensor_id):- Stat(sensor_id,“EA099”), Stat(sensor_id, “EA009”),
Sensor_state(“EA099”,1, ~t), Sensor_state(“EA009”,1, ~t).
irMedia Player
Rules for pattern matching:
Mantoro T., Ayu M. A., Ali H. S., Usino W., Kadhum M.M. Energy Efficiency Mechanisms Using Mobile Node in Wireless Sensor Networks. NDT (1) 2012: 536-550. Dubai, UEA.
Wireless Data
Collection Network
(IoT - WSN)
Environment Pollution
Smart Home/Smart Office
e-Health (bio-medical)
Temperature, Pressure & Motion
Base Station (BS)
The base station collects
the data from the sensors, aggregate and send it to
the outside world:
monitor some area, collect
data and report to the base
station.
Environmental monitoring (temperature, humidity, etc.)
Smart home/Active Office (pervasive computing)
Traffic monitoring
Military Applications
battlefield surveillance
RELATED WORK
WSNs Routing Protocols (Singh et al. , 2010)
• Location-based Protocols.
• Data-centric Protocols.
• Hierarchical Protocols.
(Cluster-Based)
• Mobility-based Protocols.
• Multipath-based Protocols.
• Heterogeneity-based Protocols.
• QoS-based protocols.
MECN, SMECN, GAF, GEAR,
Span, TBF, BVGF, GeRaF
SPIN, Directed Diffusion,
Rumor Routing,
COUGAR, ACQUIRE, EAD,
Information-Directed Routing,
Gradient- Based Routing,
Energy-aware Routing,
Information-Directed Routing,
Quorum-Based Information
Dissemination,
Home Agent Based Information
Dissemination
LEACH, PEGASIS, HEED,
TEEN, APTEEN
SEAD, TTDD, Joint Mobility
and Routing,
Data MULES, Dynamic Proxy
Tree-Base Data Dissemination Sensor-Disjoint Multipath,
Braided Multipath,
N-to-1 Multipath Discovery IDSQ, CADR, CHR
SAR, SPEED, Energy-Aware Routing
Packet collision
Overhearing
Idle listening
Multihopping
PROBLEM
SOLUTION???
NO RELAY NODES! MOBILE BASE STATION(S)
To Prolong Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime by wise
management of the energy
1. Three level multihop structure
2. Using mobile elements which move in Fermat’s spiral
pattern.
Benefits:
› To minimize energy consumption
› To increase network lifetime
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1
THREE LEVEL WSN STRUCTURE
MOBILE-BASED FERMAT’S SPIRAL
(RADIAL PROPAGATION/SPIRAL WSN STRUCTURE)
Fermat parabolic Spiral
Vogel, H. in 1979 [15]
The propagation distances ri for
each level i that minimize energy
consumption
Prusinkiewicz and Lindenmayer, in
1990 [17]
60
450 300
200 120
60
450 300
200 120
No. of Nodes Throughput % Energy (J)
60 40 38
120 40 79
200 28 118
300 16.7 130
450 23.8 220
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 2 3 4 5
No. of Nodes Throughput(%) Energy (J)
No. of Nodes Throughput % Energy (J)
60 85 74
120 81.7 135
200 88.5 238
300 88.3 373
450 91.1 573
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5
No. of Nodes Throughput(%) Energy(J)
0 100 200 300 400 500
1
2
3
4
5
Spiral WSN 3-Tier WSN No. of Nodes
1
Three level multihop structure
Less Energy
Less Throughput
Mobile-based Fermat’s Spiral
Higher Energy (Efficiency)
Higher Throughput
IoT Computing prototypes • NFC-Smart Poster
• Smart Home
• iLukBa
• iSpeechNews
• HajjLocator
• 3D: Visualisation and Navigation
• “Cool” internet appliances
Module 13, Mobile Computing
Prototypes: NFC Smart Poster
Contact us/direct dial and more info
Grab the Logo
Join Facebook with NFC
NFC - Academic Calendar
Contact us! More info
Enjoy it!
Join the FST – students Facebook group here:
COPYRIGHT BY INTEG KUCT IIUM 2012
Are you one of FST Postgraduate students?
Faculty of Science and Technology, USBI
Tap your NFC enabled-phone below and receive the calendar
COPYRIGHT BY INTEG KICT IIUM 2012
NFC
Smart Home Modelling
Smart Home Modelling
User motion during working day (left) and non working day (right)
User Location detection during not a working day
User Location detection during a working day
16 Different States between day and night time
Examples of Environment Response
Mobile user 1 Mobile user 2 Mobile user n
Access Point 1
Access Point 2
Access Point n
Microphone,
Speaker,
Bluetooth-scanner
Microphone,
Speaker,
Bluetooth-scanner
Microphone,
Speaker,
Bluetooth-scanner
User Location Environment Response File Server/
Web Server
Pull (WiFi) Push (Bluetooth)
SpeechCA MyLoCA
Small devices with WiFi, Bluetooth or GSM enable
“Where is” obj ? “Tell him”
Symbolic indoor user- location
Linux: /MyLoCA/scanWiFi
/MyLoCA/WiFisignals /MyLoCA/userlocation
Windows: /SpeechCA/wisx.java /SpeechCA/record.java /SpeechCA/tellhim.java
i-LukBA: Indoor hybrid user location and voice for environment response
The 20th International Invention, innovation, and Technology Exhibition (ITEX), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 15-17 May 2009)
HajjLocator framework
Client-side application interface
VisUN-3D: Visualization and Navigation
VisUN-3D for user navigation needs the following information:
his location in the 3D map
his location in the 3D walk-space
the target location to meet
his colleague location in the 3D map
his colleague location in the 3D walk-space.
3D Visualization and Navigation: Problems
Previous implementation in 3D model suited for mobile devices’ interface/display with users realistic perception were left unsolved.
Dynamic entity navigation of environment with 3D model in mobile devices for two or more users is not currently offered in mobile device services.
Related Works
Basic of our approach
Co-processing Interactive Architecture
Structural-view navigation. This process will produce a 3D map and 3D walk-space for user navigation (navigation
object tools) using hierarchy of the symbolic (name) location instead of coordinate
location.
Spatial-view navigation, which navigates in the 3D walk-space and animates the
object to get an equivalent view between the 3D walk-space and the real campus
environment (interface between navigation objects and 3D maps).
Co-processing Interactive Architecture
Bi-A* Pathfinding Algorithm
Bi-A* pathfinding algorithm is an extension of Dijkstra/Prim algorithm and Best-First-Search algorithm for VISUN-3D environment. This algorithm can be used for routing 3D requirements in a 3D software development for visualization and navigation purposes.
The complexity of this algorithm in navigate two users is | h(x) − h * (x) | = O((log h * (x))/2) (note:
x=current of user location
h*=optimal heuristic, the exact time/distance to get from current user location (x) to the target)
Bi-A* Pathfinding Algorithm
To implement the algorithm the 3D model at the top layer should be removed and take square grids at the bottom layer (at this stage)
Bi-A* Pathfinding Algorithm
Mapping the Jungle
Zone Orientation • The 3D model is designed for zone A to zone D of IIUM Gombak campus, which is within
the administrative and academic area of the IIUM Gombak campus.
Sample Scenario
3D walk-space transitions, user ‘blue’ (left) will meet user ‘green’ (right) from different angle
Sample Scenario
The distance of user “blue” (left) and user “green” (right) is getting closer and they can estimate based on time and distance between them.
Sample Scenario
User ‘blue’ in a meeting with user ‘green’
Summary of VisUN-3D
• Improved the mobile user spatial knowledge of the environment.
• Enables users to view their locations of services and real places in an intuitive and user-friendly way.
• To be used for predicting and determining purpose based on time and distance between mobile device users and a certain landmark/object.
“Cool” internet appliances
World’s smallest web server
http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPic.html
IP picture frame
http://www.ceiva.com/
Web-enabled toaster +
weather forecaster
Internet phones
Examples of Environment Response
iSpeechNews: a Real Time Speech News Service for UbiComp Environment
iSpeechNews Hybrid Protocol Stack: deliver a real time news in the form of Speech and lips graphic animation
International Exposition of Research and Inventions of Institutions of Higher Learning (PECIPTA 2009), Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, 8-10 Oct 2009)
The reality of internet of things (IoT) is just around the corner. If you want to be part of it then be ready to explore and contribute to it through the expertise that you have.
